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4.3.2 Water features
Water features are important for the proper operation of the machine and for its lifetime.
Extreme water hardness leads to the formation of limestone in exchangers reducing their
performance.
The table shows some water parameters to be observed for proper operation of the machine.
Content
pH
Alkalinity
HCO3
Sulphate
SO42-
Alkalinity/Sulphate
HCO3-/SO42-
Electrical conductivity
μS/cm
Ammonium
NH4
Free chlorine
Cl2
Hydrogen Sulphide
H2S
Free Carbon Dioxide
CO2
Nitrate
NO3
Iron
Fe
Aluminium
AL
Manganese
MN
1 - Good corrosion resistance.
2 - If different factors of this type are present, corrosion can occur.
3 - Use not recommended.
4.3.3 Protection against freezing
If you do not wish to drain the system during periods where the machine is not used, the water
may freeze, or if the system must operate with temperatures less than 5°C, ethylene glycol must
be mixed with the water.
Adding glycol changes the physical characteristics of the water and the performance of the
machine.
The table indicates the multiplicative factors to calculate the performance change based on the
percentage of glycol used.
% G
10
20
Tc
-4.5
-9.5
CQ
0.975
0.953
CP
0.998
0.995
CG
1.01
1.04
CP
1.05
1.13
% G = Glycol percentage
Tc = Water freezing temperature (°C)
CQ = Cooling capacity correction factor
CP = Electrical power absorbed correction factor
CG = Water flow correction factor
Cp = Pressure drops correction factor
Material
Concentration mg/l or ppm
AISI 316L Copper
<6
2
6-7.5
2
7.5-9
1
>9
1
- <70
1
70-300
1
>300
1
<70
1
70-300
1
>300
1
>1
1
<1
1
<10
1
10-500
1
>500
1
<2
1
2-20
1
>20
1
<1
1
1-5
3
>5
3
<0.05
1
>0.05
1
<5
1
5-20
1
>20
1
<100
1
>100
1
<0.2
1
>0.2
1
<0.2
1
>0.2
1
<0.1
1
>0.1
1
30
40
50
-15.5
-21.5
-32.5
0.931
0.914
0.882
0.99
0.985
0.975
1.08
1.14
1.2
1.21
1.26
1.32
4.4 Connection to the system
4.4.1 Models without hydronic kit
A
Rear panel
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
3
1
3
In these models, the connections are positioned inside the unit.
2
• Remove the inspection panels.
1
2
• Remove the protection caps from the connections.
1
• Connect the pipes to the connections.
2
3
1
1
3
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
For threaded connections:
• Fasten by holding a part in order o tighten the other part.
• It is recommended to seal with hemp and green paste.
For Victaulic connections:
• Secure by using the appropriate coupling system (not supplied).
Provide shut-off valves and anti-vibration joints on the connection pipes.
During the hydraulic connection operations, never operate with free flames near or inside
the unit.
13
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