Page 1 ™ Netopia R3100 ISDN Routers User’s Reference Guide...
Page 2 This manual and any associated artwork, software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Welcome to the Netopia R3100 User’s Reference Guide. This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
Page 4 About Console-based Management ... 6-1 Connecting through a Telnet session ... 6-2 Conﬁguring Telnet software ... 6-3 Connecting a local terminal console cable to your router... 6-3 Navigating through the console screens ... 6-5 Chapter 7 — Easy Setup ...7-1 Easy Setup console screens...
Page 5 IP Easy Setup ... 7-9 Easy Setup Security... 7-10 Conﬁguring Frame Relay ... 7-11 Easy Setup Frame Relay screens... 7-12 WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens ... 7-13 Frame Relay conﬁguration ... 7-14 Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration ... 7-16 Part II: Advanced Configuration Chapter 8 —...
Page 6 User’s Reference Guide Advanced calling features... 9-5 Line provisioning ... 9-5 Conﬁguring supplementary services ... 9-6 Chapter 10 — Call Accounting and Default Answer Proﬁle ...10-1 Cost control feature -- call accounting... 10-1 Viewing call accounting statistics ... 10-2 Scheduled connections ... 10-4 Viewing scheduled connections ...
Page 7 IPX address ... 12-2 Socket ... 12-2 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ... 12-2 Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)... 12-2 NetBIOS ... 12-3 IPX Spooﬁng ... 12-3 IPX setup... 12-3 IPX routing tables ... 12-5 Chapter 13 — AppleTalk Setup...13-1 Installing AppleTalk ... 13-1 AppleTalk networks ...
Page 8 User’s Reference Guide SNMP traps ... 14-14 Chapter 15 — Security ...15-1 Suggested security measures ... 15-1 User accounts ... 15-2 Dial-in Console Access ... 15-3 Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web Server... 15-4 Telnet access ... 15-4 About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets ... 15-4 What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set?...
Page 9 Using the SecurID token card... 15-37 Security authentication components ... 15-38 Conﬁguring for security authentication ... 15-38 Connecting using security authentication ... 15-39 Chapter 16 — Utilities and Diagnostics ...16-1 Ping ... 16-2 Telnet client... 16-4 Trace Route... 16-5 Secure Authentication Monitor ... 16-6 Disconnect Telnet Console Session...
Page 10 ISP’s Point of presence ... D-2 Endorsements ... D-2 Deciding on an ISP account ... D-2 Setting up a Netopia R3100 account ... D-2 Obtaining an IP host address ... D-2 SmartIP™ ... D-2 Obtaining information from the ISP... D-3 Local LAN IP address information to obtain ...
Page 11 Nested IP subnets ... E-10 Broadcasts... E-12 Packet header types... E-12 Appendix F — Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior ... F-1 Network Conﬁguration ... F-1 Background ... F-1 Exported services ... F-5 Important notes ... F-6 Conﬁguration ... F-6 Summary ... F-8 Appendix G —...
Page 12 User’s Reference Guide Appendix J — Binary Conversion Table... J-1 Appendix K — Further Reading...K-1 Appendix L — Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information ... L-1 Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable ... L-1 Description... L-3 Power requirements ... L-3 Environment ... L-3 Software and protocols...
Page 13: Conﬁguration Options For Your Netopia R3100 Isdn Router
Conﬁguration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can be used in different ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or more of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) “1.
Page 14: Small Ofﬁce Connection To The Internet
For Small Ofﬁce connections to the Internet, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address Translation (NAT) enabled, you should use the following conﬁguration option: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difﬁculty.
Page 15 For Small Ofﬁce connections to the Internet, using a block of IP addresses (Network Address Translation disabled), you use both of the following conﬁguration tools: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difﬁculty.
Page 16: Direct Connection To A Corporate Ofﬁce (Telecommuter)
3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Ofﬁce (Telecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Ofﬁce, you can use either one of two conﬁguration options: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see on page 3-3.
Page 17: Conﬁgured To Accept Incoming Dial-Up Connections
4. Conﬁgured to accept incoming dial-up connections To conﬁgure the Netopia R3100 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following conﬁguration option: use the SmartStart™ Wizard, to conﬁgure your outbound connection to an ISP. For instructions on this option, see on page 3-3.
Page 18: Conﬁgured For Idsl
5. Conﬁgured for IDSL If you have the Netopia R3100-I IDSL model you can use either one of two conﬁguration options: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see on page 3-3. However, you may wish to skip directly to manual conﬁguration using console-based management.
Page 20 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 21: Chapter 1 - Introduction
The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router is a full-featured, stand-alone, multiprotocol router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world.
Page 22: How To Use This Guide
In addition to the simple documentation contained in the accompanying documentation folio, this guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
Page 23: Chapter 2 - Making The Physical Connections
Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks, install the Netopia R3100 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia R3100 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.
Page 24: Identify The Connectors And Attach The Cables
Acrobat® Reader for Windows and Macintosh, ZTerm terminal emulator software and NCSA Telnet 2.6 for Macintosh You will need: A Windows 95, 98, or NT-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia R3100. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed. An ISDN telephone line.
Page 25: Netopia R3100 Isdn Router Back Panel Ports
Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Back Panel Ports The ﬁgure below displays the back of the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router (models R3100-S, SP, U, UP). Netopia R3100 ISDN Router back panel (models R3100 -S, SP, U, and UP) Crossover switch 8 port Ethernet hub Note: For simplicity, the remainder of this manual uses the ﬁgure above to illustrate connections.
Page 26 8-port Ethernet hub Eight Ethernet jacks. You will use one of these to conﬁgure the Netopia R3100. For a new installation, use the Ethernet connection. You can either connect your computer directly to any of the Ethernet ports on the router, or connect both your computer and the router to an existing Ethernet hub on your LAN.
Page 27 If you want to transfer an active conference (allow the two calls to continue to talk after the Netopia R3100 has disconnected), send a single ﬂash hook to receive a new dial tone, followed by a double ﬂash hook to initiate the transfer.
Page 28: Netopia R3100 Isdn Router Status Lights
2-6 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Status Lights The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia R3100 status light (LED) panel. Netopia R3100 LED front panel WAN 1 The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens...
Page 29: Chapter 3 - Setting Up Your Router With The Smartstart Wizard
Once you’ve connected your router to your computer and your telecommunications line and installed a web browser, you’re ready to run the Netopia SmartStart™ Wizard. The SmartStart Wizard will help you set up the router and share the connection. The SmartStart Wizard walks you through a series of questions and based on your responses automatically conﬁgures the router for connecting your LAN to the Internet or to your remote...
Page 30: Before Running Smartstart
SmartStart, in case you do not want to use the dynamic addressing features built in to the Netopia Router and need to restore the ﬁxed IP address.
Page 31: Setting Up Your Router With The Smartstart Wizard
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The SmartStart Wizard is tailored for your platform, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Insert the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the SmartStart Wizard application.
Page 32: Easy Option
Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the router and the computer properly, using the correct cables. Refer to the Step 1 “Connect the Router” sheet in your Netopia R3100 documentation folio. Make sure the router is turned on and that there is an Ethernet connection between your computer and the router.
Page 33 When the test is successful, SmartStart presents you with a different screen, depending on the type of router you are conﬁguring. If you are conﬁguring a router that defaults to an unswitched interface, such as IDSL, you will see the “Additional Conﬁguration screen,”...
Page 34 ISP Automation or Manual Entry. Options are explained below. Make your selection and click Next. If you select ISP Automation, SmartStart offers you the option of choosing one of several Netopia ISP partners that support the Netopia R3100. You then see the page 3-7.
Page 35 If you select Manual Entry, the Internet Service Provider Selection screen. Select an ISP from the list of Netopia ISP partners who have provided information for automatic setup. Choose Generic ISP if your ISP is not included on the list. If you don’t already have an account with the selected ISP, call...
Page 36 SmartStart displays a screen telling you that your conﬁguration is now complete. In most cases, this SmartStart conﬁguration is all that you need to get your router up and running and connected to the Internet. However, you may want to take advantage of additional features or special conﬁguration options available through the console-based conﬁguration interface.
Page 37: Advanced Option
ﬁrst radio button. If you do this, the “Known IP Address screen,” appears (shown below.) If you want to reconﬁgure the router with a new IP address and subnet mask, select the second radio button. If you do this, the “New IP Address screen” on page 3-10 appears.
Page 38: Sharing The Connection
Remember, the serial number is on the bottom of the router. It is also found in your documentation folio. Note: Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia R3100’s IP address serving capabilities, if you assign an IP address and subnet mask outside the router’s current IP...
Page 39 Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended) If you conﬁgure your Netopia R3100 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server, which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. If your PC is not set for dynamic addressing, SmartStart will offer to do this for you when you launch it.
Page 40 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 This address is an example of one that can be used to conﬁgure the router with the Easy option in the SmartStart Wizard. Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and...
Page 41 Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter 192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia R3100’s pre-assigned IP address. Click OK in this window, and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
Page 42: Conﬁguring Tcp/Ip On Macintosh Computers
Macintosh. Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended) If you conﬁgure your Netopia R3100 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. To conﬁgure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following: Go to the Apple menu.
Page 43 Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address. Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-15 Select/Type:...
Page 44 If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleTalk feature set kit. Note: You cannot use MacIP dynamic conﬁguration to conﬁgure your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router because you must ﬁrst conﬁgure the router in order to enable AppleTalk.
Page 45 These are the only ﬁelds you need to modify in these screens. Note: More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia R3100 can be found in Technote NIR_026, “Open Transport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.
Page 46 3-18 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 47: Overview
Router to a LocalTalk network that uses PhoneNET cabling. On Netopia R3100 ISDN Routers, the AppleTalk kit LocalTalk features require minimum ﬁrmware version 4.3. See the sections later in this chapter for details on how to connect the Netopia R3100 to different types of networks.
Page 48: Readying Computers On Your Local Network
TCP/IP stack: This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh communicate using Internet protocols. TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia R3100. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack.
Page 49: Connecting To An Ethernet Network
Netopia R3100 back panel Auxiliary Console Power Normal/Uplink 8 port Ethernet hub The Netopia R3100 in a 10Base-T network Normal/ To connect your 10Base-T network to the Netopia R3100 through an Ethernet port, use a 10Base-T cable with RJ-45 connectors.
Page 50 If you add devices connected through a 10 Base-T or 10/100 Ethernet hub, connect the hub to Ethernet port number 1 on the Netopia R3100 and set the Normal/Uplink switch to Uplink. When there are no more free ports on the 10Base-T hub, the network can be extended using EtherWave, a daisy-chainable Ethernet solution from Farallon.
Page 51: Remote Console
Obtain the special external modem cable (Netopia Part Number TE6/DB25) either from your reseller or directly from Netopia. Refer to the sheet of optional feature set add-ons in your Netopia R3100 documentation folio. Netopia R3100 Auxiliary port for connecting an external modem...
Page 52: Connecting To A Localtalk Network
HD-15 (female) Connect the male HD-15 end of the LocalTalk cable to the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R3100. Connect the other end of the cable to your LocalTalk network. You can use only one connection on the Auxiliary port. You cannot use both the PhoneNET connector and an external modem.
Page 53: Wiring Guidelines For Phonenet Cabling
Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling Topology daisy chain backbone 4-branch passive star* LocalTalk StarController 12-branch active star * distance is per branch Note: Make sure you do not connect your LocalTalk network to a Telco port or a POTS (Phone 1 and 2) port. For detailed conﬁguration instructions see Connecting Your Local Area Network 4-7 22 gauge...
Page 54 4-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 55: Chapter 5 - Smartview
This chapter discusses SmartView, the Netopia R3100’s device and network web-based monitoring tool. This tool can provide statistical information, report on current network status, record events, and help in diagnosing and locating problems. Topics covered in this chapter are: “SmartView overview” on page 5-1 “General Machine information page”...
Page 56: Navigating Smartview
In addition to the static machine information about your router, such as model and ﬁrmware version, SmartView displays a real-time visual representation of the Netopia R3100’s status lights (LEDs). This is particularly useful if the router is located out of visual range, such as in a wiring closet.
Page 57: Connection Proﬁles Page
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia R3100’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset.
Page 58 5-4 User’s Reference Guide The router’s event histories are structured to display the most recent events ﬁrst, and to make it easy to distinguish error messages from informational messages. Error messages are preﬁxed with an asterisk. Both the WAN Event History and Device Event History pages retain records of up to 128 of the most recent events.
Page 59: Standard Html Web-Based Monitoring Pages
You access the web-based monitoring pages by launching your web browser and entering the URL: http://router_IP_address where router_IP_address is the address of your router. The default address is 198.162.1.1. To view your connection proﬁle information, click the Connection Proﬁles icon.
Page 60 5-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 61: Chapter 6 - Console-Based Management
This chapter describes how to use the Console-based management screens on your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. The console screens provide an alternate method for experienced users to conﬁgure their router without using SmartStart. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
Page 62: Connecting Through A Telnet Session
6-2 User’s Reference Guide Note about screen differences. Netopia R3100 models offering different feature sets will have variations in the ﬁelds on certain screens. For example, there are switched (dial-up ISDN) and leased (Synchronous/Asyn- chronous, T1, and IDSL) line models, as well as models that offer feature subsets such as AppleTalk, SmartIP (Network Address Translation and DHCP) and SmartPhone (Plain Old Telephone Service).
Page 63: Conﬁguring Telnet Software
PC, or ZTerm, included on the Netopia CD, for the Macintosh. The Netopia R3100 back panel has a connector labeled “Console” for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer. (On a Macintosh, the serial port is called the Modem port or the Printer port.) This connection lets you use the computer to conﬁgure and monitor the Netopia R3100...
Page 64 6-4 User’s Reference Guide To connect the Netopia R3100 to your computer for serial console communication, use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platform: one DE-9 connector end attaches to a PC the mini-DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh the DE-9 end of the Console cable attaches to the Netopia R3100’s Console port...
Page 65: Navigating Through The Console Screens
Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R3100’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens. Move through selectable items in a screen or pop-up menu...
Page 66 6-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 67: Chapter 7 - Easy Setup
This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. The Easy Setup console screens provide an alternate method for experienced users to set up their router’s Connection Proﬁles without using SmartStart. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
Page 68 If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: the computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia R3100’s “Console” port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports. See console cable to your router”...
Page 69: Beginning Easy Setup
ISP or a corporate site. On a Netopia R3100 ISDN Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16. Select Circuit Type and press Return. From the pop-up menu, select: ISDN, Switched if you have a switched ISDN line.
Page 70 Auto-Detect (the default): using this feature, the router will attempt to detect what type of switch you are connecting to, what your directory numbers and SPIDs are, and conﬁgure itself accordingly. If you select Auto-Detect from the popup menu, you may see the following screen if the router has not Default Datalink...
Page 71 United Kingdom users select United Kingdom - EuroISDN. Select Directory Number 1. The router attempted to detect your Directory Number(s) when you selected Auto-Detect in Step 1. If it succeeded, the directory number(s) will be displayed, and the screen will indicate “Detected” (as...
Page 72: Idsl Easy Setup
Any changes you make to the ISDN conﬁguration now or in the future will take effect immediately. You do not have to restart the router. IDSL Easy Setup The Easy Setup screen for an R3100-I IDSL router is different from the ISDN Easy Setup screen. Circuit Type... Data Link Encapsulation...
Page 73: Easy Setup Proﬁle
Select Number to Dial and enter the ISDN telephone number you received from your ISP. This is the number the Netopia R3100 dials to reach your ISP. Enter the number as you would dial it, including any required preﬁxes (such as area, access, and long-distance dialing codes).
Page 74 7-8 User’s Reference Guide When using numbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use its local WAN IP address and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Both routers have WAN IP addresses and subnet masks associated with the connection.
Page 75: Ip Easy Setup
IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s: IP address Subnet mask Default gateway IP address Domain name server IP address IP address serving information, such as the number of client IP addresses and the 1st client address; and You should consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need.
Page 76: Easy Setup Security
The Default IP Gateway defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP trafﬁc, it forwards that trafﬁc to this gateway – set to 127.0.0.2 if your ISP does not otherwise specify.
Page 77: Conﬁguring Frame Relay
PREVIOUS SCREEN Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here. The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia R3100, so the conﬁguration settings take effect. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 78: Easy Setup Frame Relay Screens
7-12 User’s Reference Guide Easy Setup Frame Relay screens Main Menu Circuit Type... Switch Type... Directory Number 1: Directory Number 2: PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation... TO MAIN MENU For IDSL routers, Frame Relay encapsulation is the default. Data Link Encapsulation... TO MAIN MENU Return/Enter goes to new screen.
Page 79: Wan Conﬁguration Frame Relay Screens
WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens The ISDN Line Conﬁguration menu also offers the options of either PPP, HDLC, or Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation method. Main Menu Circuit Type... Switch Type... Directory Number 1: Directory Number 2: PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation...
Page 80: Frame Relay Conﬁguration
7-14 User’s Reference Guide Frame Relay conﬁguration If you chose Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation type you can now conﬁgure the Frame Relay options. Return/Enter for WAN line configuration. From here you will configure yours and the remote sites' WAN information. From the WAN Conﬁguration screen, select WAN Setup, then select the Frame Relay Conﬁguration option and press Return.
Page 81 LMI setting other than No LMI. In that case there may be no need to statically conﬁgure DLCIs at all since the router may be able to detect what DLCIs are conﬁgured between it and the DSLAM. Consult your service provider, CE200 documentation, or technical notes from Copper Mountain for DSLAM conﬁguration.
Page 82: Frame Relay Dlci Conﬁguration
Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration If you selected None as your LMI Type then you will need to manually conﬁgure your DLCIs. A Frame Relay DLCI is a set of parameters that tells the Netopia Router how to initially connect to a remote destination.
Page 83 To go to the Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration screen, select Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration in the WAN Conﬁguration screen. Add, delete, and modify DLCIs from here. Displaying a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration table To display a view-only table of the Frame Relay DLCIs, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen, and press Return.
Page 84 7-18 User’s Reference Guide Changing a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration To modify a Frame Relay DLCI conﬁguration, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Conﬁguration screen. Select a DLCI Name from the table and press Return to go to the Change DLCI screen. The parameters in this screen are the same as the parameters in the Add DLCI screen.
Page 85 This is accomplished by giving a DLCI Name to a DLCI Number. Select DLCI Enabled and toggle it to Yes to activate the proﬁle. If you disable this proﬁle, the Netopia Router will automatically disable and block access to a speciﬁc remote DLCI.
Page 86 7-20 User’s Reference Guide Identiﬁer). The setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the committed burst size by toggling the selection in the Use Default ﬁeld to No. You can then enter a different committed burst size in the Value ﬁeld.
Page 88 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 89: Creating A New Connection Proﬁle
This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.
Page 90 Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes. Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia R3100 ISDN Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16. A Netopia R3100 IDSL Router can only use one at a time.
Page 91 Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape. For more information, see If you will be connecting with an IPX remote network, toggle IPX Enabled to Yes, and press Return. Otherwise, accept the default No.
Page 92 8-4 User’s Reference Guide Select Datalink Options and press Return. The Datalink Options screen appears. Data Compression... Send Authentication... Send User Name: Send Password: Receive User Name: Receive Password: Channel Usage... Bandwidth Allocation... Maximum Packet Size: In this Screen you will configure the PPP/MP specific connection params. You can accept the defaults, or change them if you wish.
Page 93 Select Telco Options and press return. the Telco Options screen appears. Note: For IDSL routers, which do not initiate dial-up connections, this option does not appear. Initiate Data Service... Dial... Number to Dial: Alternate Site to Dial: Dial on Demand: Idle Timeout (seconds): CNA Validation Number: Callback:...
Page 94: The Default Proﬁle
8-6 User’s Reference Guide If you want to view the Connection Proﬁles in your router, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of Connection Proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen. +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address----IPX Network-+...
Page 95: Customizing The Default Proﬁle
IP Address, you need not explicitly conﬁgure a connection proﬁle, and the default behavior of the router will be to connect automatically once it is powered on. If Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle is set to No, then an IP Enabled item is visible. Toggling this item to Yes (the default) or No controls whether or not IP will be supported on the IDSL link.
Page 96: Ip Parameters (Default Proﬁle) Screen
Transmit RIP: The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router always acts as a DHCP client on the IDSL link when using a Default Proﬁle. The DHCP server will supply a local IP address and subnet mask. For an IDSL link, Network Address Translation (NAT) is enabled by default in the Default Proﬁle and the Default Subnet Mask is set to 0.0.0.0.
Page 97 Poison Reverse speeds convergence but adds to network overhead. When topology changes, mentioning routes that should not go through the router as well as those that should can speed up convergence. If you select Split Horizon (“without Poison Reverse” is implied), the router omits routes learned from an interface from RIP updates sent on that interface.
Page 98: Ipx Parameters (Default Proﬁle) Screen
15-1. Auxiliary Port Conﬁguration If your router supports it, the Auxiliary port can be conﬁgured through the WAN Conﬁguration screen. IDSL routers do not support this feature. The ISDN Easy Setup screen does not include auxiliary serial port conﬁguration. To conﬁgure the auxiliary port for its possible options, from the Main Menu select WAN Conﬁguration and then WAN setup.
Page 99: System Conﬁguration Screens
6-3) You can also retrieve the Netopia R3100’s conﬁguration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol (see Open a Telnet connection to the IP address you set in the router with SmartStart, for example “192.168.1.1.”...
Page 100: System Conﬁguration Features
You always start from this main screen. System Conﬁguration features SmartStart may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia R3100. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections that SmartStart automatically chooses. For these users, the Netopia R3100 provides System Conﬁguration options.
Page 101 through System Conﬁguration. Layer Category Protocol Layer IP Parameters IPX Parameters Datalink Layer PPP/MP Parameters Physical Layer Telco Parameters To access the System Conﬁguration screens, select System Conﬁguration in the Main Menu, then press Return. Parameter Type Filter Sets: RIP Receive/Transmit options: Path Delay: NetBios Packet Forwarding: Incoming/outgoing Packet &...
Page 102: Network Protocols Setup
8-14 User’s Reference Guide The System Conﬁguration screen appears: Return/Enter to configure Networking Protocols (such as TCP/IP). Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup. Network Protocols Setup These screens allow you to conﬁgure your network’s use of the standard networking protocols: IP: details are given in “IP Setup and Network Address Translation”...
Page 103 Select Date and Time in the System Conﬁguration screen and press Return to go to the Set Date and Time screen. System Date Format: Current Date (MM/DD/YY): System Time Format: Current Time: AM or PM: Follow these steps to set the system’s date and time: Select Current Date and enter the date in the appropriate format.
Page 104: Console Conﬁguration
These screens allow you to add users and deﬁne passwords on your network. Details are given in “Security” on page Upgrade Feature Set You can upgrade your Netopia R3100 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. Console Configuration 9600 CANCEL 14-12.
Page 105: Telephone Setup
See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia web site at www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia R3100.
Page 106 8-18 User’s Reference Guide ignored. You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically. When enabled, it will report any appropriate and previously unreported events. You can specify the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63 characters.
Page 107: Chapter 9 - Using Smartphone For Telephone Services
Router supports SmartPhone, look for the two RJ-11 jacks, marked Phone 1 and Phone 2, on the back of the router. If your Netopia R3100 does not support SmartPhone, you can skip this chapter. With SmartPhone, other analog devices such as telephones, facsimile machines, or modems can connect to the Netopia R3100 and communicate over the same lines.
Page 108 Router, or blocked. Outbound controls the way a call from a given phone jack is sent from the Netopia Router. It directs which Telephone Setup Telephone Connection...
Page 109 Reject as Busy blocks calls, issuing a busy tone to the party trying to dial in. Phone 1 directs calls out the Netopia Router’s Phone 1 jack, ringing the phone or device plugged into that jack.
Page 110: Deﬁning Priority Ringing
10 digits. For internal matching against an incoming call, the Netopia Router removes all characters that are not digits or wildcards. For Ringing Tone, press Return and select one of the ringing patterns listed in the pop-up menu.
Page 111: Advanced Calling Features
If a conference is active, you can drop the last call added to the conference by issuing a double ﬂash hook. If you want to transfer an active conference (allow the two calls to continue to talk after the Netopia R3100 has disconnected), send a single ﬂash hook to receive a new dial tone, followed by a double ﬂash hook to...
Page 112: Conﬁguring Supplementary Services
Both Flash Hook and Double Flash Hook are enabled by default. You can toggle either or both to Yes or No. For the three key ID settings, consult your telephone company, and either request that they provision your line to the Netopia R3100’s defaults, or change the defaults to match your telephone company’s provisioning. Supplementary Services...
Page 113: Chapter 10 - Call Accounting And Default Answer Proﬁle
The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can also answer calls as well as initiate them. To answer calls, the Netopia R3100 uses a Default Answer Proﬁle. The Default Answer Proﬁle controls how incoming calls are set up, authenticated, ﬁltered, and more.
Page 114: Viewing Call Accounting Statistics
To enable call accounting, follow these steps: Select Enable Call Accounting and toggle it to On. Select Day for auto-reset of timers and enter the day of the month for the Router to reset the Call Account- ing Statistics. Select Maximum Aggregate connect time (HH:MM) and enter the total amount of time to allow for out- bound calls, where HH is the hour (using either the 12-hour or 24-hour clock) and MM is the minutes.
Page 115 The Call Accounting Statistics screen appears. If you select Aggregate Statistics, the following screen appears. Total First Minutes: Total Additional Time (HH:MM): Remaining Time (HH:MM): Hit Return or Enter to reset Total First/Additional Time. Total First Minutes displays the total number of ﬁrst minutes of outbound calls placed during the recording interval.
Page 116: Scheduled Connections
10-4 User’s Reference Guide enabled, the message will read, Call Accounting Disabled. You can reset the counters by selecting RESET AGGREGATE MINUTE COUNTERS. A dialog box will ask you to conﬁrm the reset. Select CONTINUE to reset the counters or CANCEL to leave them as is. If you select Proﬁle Statistics, the following screen appears.
Page 117: Viewing Scheduled Connections
Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections. Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table. +-Days----Begin At---HH:MM---When----Conn. Prof. Name----Enabled-----+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mtWtfss 08:30PM +--------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 118: Adding A Scheduled Connection
Which connection proﬁle (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time. Adding a scheduled connection To add a new scheduled connection, select Add Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen and press Return.
Page 119: Set Weekly Schedule
demand call on the line. Demand-Allowed, meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line. Demand-Blocked, meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. Periodic, meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time. If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below How Often reads Set Weekly Schedule.
Page 120: Set Once-Only Schedule
10-8 User’s Reference Guide Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only, select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. Place Call on (MM/DD/YY): Scheduled Window Start Time: AM or PM: Scheduled Window Duration: Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the format MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day, year).
Page 121: Modifying A Scheduled Connection
Escape key. Default Answer Proﬁle The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can answer calls as well as initiate them. To answer calls, the Netopia R3100 uses a Default Answer Proﬁle. The Default Answer Proﬁle controls how incoming calls are set up, authenticated, ﬁltered, and more.
Page 122 Required: Authentication is attempted if the calling number is available. If authentication fails, or the calling number is not available, the Netopia R3100 disconnects the caller. Use this setting if you require all calls to be CNA-authenticated. Calling Number Authentication (CNA), is an application of CallerID. It is a method of verifying that an incoming call is originating from an expected site.
Page 123 Using CNA can also provide cost savings because calls are not billed during the CNA phase. With CNA, a caller can set up a connection to the Netopia R3100 without incurring any charges by accessing a dial-back connection proﬁle. If the caller’s rates are higher than those charged to the Netopia R3100’s return call, then using CNA has saved the difference.
Page 124 If a remote network has a non-standard mask (that is, it uses subnetting), the only way for it to successfully connect to the Netopia Router is by matching a connection proﬁle. In other words, you will have to set up a connection proﬁle for that network.If Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle is set to No, you can also set the...
Page 125: Chapter 11 - Ip Setup And Network Address Translation
The Netopia R3100 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the router to route IP trafﬁc. You also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network.
Page 126 Connection Proﬁles simultaneously to connect to two or more networks. Each proﬁle may have Network Address Translation enabled. When Network Address Translation is enabled, the Netopia R3100 can either use a statically assigned IP address, or one dynamically assigned each time the router connects to the ISP. While a dynamically assigned IP address offers the ISP more ﬂexibility, it does have an important limitation.
Page 127: Using Network Address Translation
Pick a network number for your local network (referred to as the internal network). This can be any IP address range you want. The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router has a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. You may choose to change this address to match a pre-existing addressing scheme. For this example, we will use 10.0.0.0.
Page 128 ISP assigns an address each time you connect. However, if you want to use static addressing you may enter a speciﬁc address. When your Netopia R3100 connects to the ISP, the remote router assigns your Netopia R3100 an IP address that external users use to communicate with your network.
Page 129: Associating Port Numbers To Nodes
Telnet uses port number 23 SNMP uses port number 161 To help direct incoming IP trafﬁc to the appropriate server, the Netopia R3100 lets you associate these and other port numbers to distinct IP addresses on your internal LAN using Exported Services. See page 11-6 for details.
Page 130: Ip Setup
Main Menu The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia R3100. The information you enter here controls how the Router routes IP trafﬁc. Consult your network administrator or Internet Service Provider to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP Address, Ethernet Subnet Mask, Default IP Gateway and DNS Server IP Address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen.
Page 131 If a secondary DNS server is available, select Secondary Domain Name Server and enter its IP address. The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia R3100 when the primary DNS server is inaccessible. Entering a secondary DNS is useful but it is not necessary.
Page 132 Select any of the services/ports and press Return to associate it with the address of a server on your local area network. For example, if we select www-http 80, press Return, and type 10.0.0.2. The Netopia R3100 will then redirect any incoming trafﬁc destined for a Web server to address 10.0.0.2.
Page 133 RIP v1 or v2 routers. Alternatively, select Receive RIP and select v1 or v2 from the popup menu. With Receive RIP set to “v1,” the Netopia R3100’s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask. Set to “v2,” the...
Page 134: Ip Subnets
ﬁelds to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to conﬁgure an additional subnet. All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured. To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia R3100’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a IP Subnets...
Page 135 particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row. For example: IP Address ---------------- 192.128.117.162 192.128.152.162 0.0.0.0 To delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return or Enter to commit the change.
Page 136: Static Routes
Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia R3100 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia R3100 (see Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of ﬁnding the...
Page 137 Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network. Subnet Mask: The subnet mask associated with the destination network. Next Gateway: The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network. IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-13 Static Routes Display/Change Static Route...
Page 138 Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network. Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia R3100 will use to reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.
Page 139 Rules of static route installation The Netopia R3100 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table. An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true: The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address matches the IP address used by a connection proﬁle or the...
Page 140: Ip Address Serving
Menu Configuration In addition to being a router, the Netopia R3100 is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses. The ﬁrst, called Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), is widely supported on PC networks, as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system.
Page 141 (this allows for one static address at 192.168.1.2 for the server) Example: Your ISP has given your Netopia R3100 the IP address 192.168.6.137, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248. The subnet mask allocated will give you six IP addresses to use when connecting to the ISP over the Internet (for more information on understanding IP addressing refer to “Understanding IP...
Page 142: Dhcp Netbios Options
Address Serving is enabled. DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R3100 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with speciﬁc hardware.
Page 143: Macip (Kip Forwarding) Options
Ethernet), they must use a MacIP (AppleTalk-IP) gateway. The optional Netopia AppleTalk feature enhancement kit provides for this service. A MacIP gateway converts network trafﬁc into the correct format for AppleTalk or IP, depending on the trafﬁc’s destination. The MacIP gateway can also distribute IP addresses to AppleTalk computers on the network.
Page 144 Select MacIP/KIP Static Options and press Return. The MacIP (KIP) Forwarding Setup screen tells the Netopia R3100 how many static addresses to allocate for MacIP/KIP clients. The addresses must fall within the address pool from the previous screen. You will need to enter the number of static MacIP addresses to reserve in this screen.
Page 145: Chapter 12 - Ipx Setup
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network protocol used by Novell NetWare networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the Netopia R3100 for routing data using IPX. You also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IPX network addresses.
Page 146: Ipx Address
12-2 User’s Reference Guide IPX address An IPX address consists of a network number, a node number, and a socket number. An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a particular physical network segment.
Page 147: Netbios
IPX Spooﬁng The Netopia R3100 has several IPX features designed to restrict the trafﬁc on the dial-up link when the unit is not sending or receiving IPX data. When the link is idle and a user is logged into a Novell server, the server will send “keep alive”...
Page 148 IPX network to only those required by remote users connecting to the Netopia R3100. An Ethernet SAP ﬁlter must be used with networks that have so many servers advertised that the Netopia R3100 would otherwise exhaust its internal memory storing server entries.
Page 149: Ipx Routing Tables
IPX routing tables provide information on current IPX routes and services. To go to the IPX Routing Table screen, select IPX Routing Table in the Routing Tables screen. This table shows detailed information about current IPX network routes. Net Addr-Hops-Ticks-Type--Status-Interface--------------via Router------------ -----------------------------------SCROLL UP---------------------------------- 00000020...
Page 150 12-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 151: Chapter 13 - Appletalk Setup
This chapter discusses the concept of AppleTalk routing and how to conﬁgure AppleTalk Setup for a Netopia R3100 with the AppleTalk kit installed. AppleTalk support is available as a separate kit for the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. Order Netopia Part Number TER/AT01. Skip this chapter if you do not have the AppleTalk kit.
Page 152: Appletalk Networks
Main Menu The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade screen appears. You may be able to extend the features of your Netopia by purchasing a 'Software Upgrade'. notes that came with your Netopia or visit the Netopia Communications web site at www.netopia.com.
Page 153 AppleTalk tells them apart according to an additional part of their addresses: the network number. The Netopia R3100 assigns a unique network number to each member network. In terms of the city street metaphor, the network number is similar to the name of the street. Putting a network number together with a node number fully speciﬁes the address of a node on an internet.
Page 154: Macip
When two networks using AppleTalk communicate with each other through a network based on the Internet Protocol, they are said to be tunneling through the IP network. The Netopia R3100 uses AURP to allow your AppleTalk network to tunnel to designated AppleTalk partner networks, as well as to accept connections from remote AppleTalk networks tunneling to your AppleTalk LAN.
Page 155: Routers And Seeding
You should set the Netopia R3100’s seeding action to work best in your particular network environment. These scenarios may guide you in deciding how to set the router’s seeding: If the Netopia R3100 is the only router on your network, you must set it to either hard seeding or soft seeding. The default is soft seeding.
Page 156: Conﬁguring Appletalk
When you install AppleTalk, EtherTalk Phase II is enabled by default. If you have other AppleTalk routers on your LAN, you can accept all of the defaults and simply enter the AppleTalk Zone Name of the zone your router is attached to.
Page 157: Ethertalk Setup
Note: Your EtherTalk network number and zone name must match the values in use on the EtherTalk network. If another router is already present on the EtherTalk network that you will be connecting to the Netopia R3100, use the zone names and network numbers used by that router for that EtherTalk network.
Page 158: Localtalk Setup
LocalTalk network. If another router is already present on the LocalTalk network that you will be connecting to the Netopia R3100, use the zone name and network number used by that router for that LocalTalk network. Otherwise, your LocalTalk network may experience routing conﬂicts.
Page 159: Aurp Setup
As an alternative, you can set LocalTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R3100 receive the zone name and network number from the other router. Select LocalTalk Network Number and enter the desired network number. Select Seeding. From the pop-up menu, choose the type of seeding for the Netopia R3100’s LocalTalk port to use (see “Routers and seeding”...
Page 160 13-10 User’s Reference Guide Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones deﬁned on the EtherTalk port and a unique zone on their LocalTalk ports. If side A has indicated one of its EtherTalk zones is the Free Trade Zone and has opted to use the Free Trade Zone option for its tunnel to B, then only this Free Trade Zone will show up on side B and only those machines or services in the Free Trade Zone will be accessible to side B.
Page 161 The AURP tickle timer is a parameter that you can set anywhere between 0 and 100 hours. This parameter tells the AURP partners when to send out an AURP tickle packet. If this value is set to 0, the Netopia R3100 will never send out a tickle packet.
Page 162 Update Interval every time there's such a change in the network topology. This will cause the Netopia's WAN link to be brought up. You can opt to minimize what may be unnecessary calls by changing the Update Interval value to some larger value. At the end of this time window if there has been a local AppleTalk network change the Netopia R3100 will call any remote AURP partner and forward the new network information.
Page 163: Quick View Status Overview
“SNMP” on page 14-12 Quick View status overview You can get a useful, overall status report from the Netopia R3100 in the Quick View screen. To go to the Quick View screen, select Quick View in the Main Menu. The Quick View screen has three status sections:...
Page 164: General Status
IPX Address: The Netopia R3100’s IPX address, entered in the IPX Setup screen. EtherTalk Address: The Netopia R3100’s AppleTalk address on its EtherTalk Phase II interface, entered in the EtherTalk Phase II Setup screen (only if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed).
Page 165: Current Status
ISDN caller identiﬁcation (if available). Status lights This section shows the current real-time status of the Netopia R3100’s status lights (LEDs). It is useful for remotely monitoring the router’s status. The Quick View screen’s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router.
Page 166: Statistics & Logs
Main Menu When you are troubleshooting your Netopia R3100, the Statistics & Logs screens provide insight into the recent event activities of the router. From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below.
Page 167: Event Histories
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia R3100’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset.
Page 168 14-6 User’s Reference Guide Main Menu WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 09/04/98 12:58:34 09/04/98 12:58:34 09/04/98 12:58:34 09/04/98 12:58:32 09/04/98 12:58:24 >>Issued 64Kb Setup Request from our DN: 5105776430 09/04/98 10:35:54...
Page 169: Routing Tables
To clear the Device Event History, select Clear History and press Return. Routing tables You can view all of the IP, IPX, and AppleTalk routes in the Netopia R3100’s IP, IPX, and AppleTalk routing tables, respectively. To go to a routing table screen, select the routing table you are interested in from the Statistics & Logs screen.
Page 170 ﬁrst invoked. To take a new snapshot, select Update at the bottom of the screen and press Return. IP routing table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IP Routing Table and press Return. The IP routing table displays all of the IP routes currently known to the Netopia R3100. Network Address-Subnet Mask-----via Router------Port------------------Type---- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 0.0.0.0...
Page 171 IPX Sap Bindery table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IPX Sap Bindery Table and press Return. The IPX Sap Bindery table displays all of the IPX Sap Bindery routes currently known to the Netopia R3100. AppleTalk routing table In the Statistics &...
Page 172: Served Ip Addresses
Pkts Fwded: The number of packets sent to the router shown. Served IP Addresses You can view all of the IP addresses currently being served by the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router from the Served IP Addresses screen. From the Statistics & Logs menu, select Served IP Addresses. The Served IP Addresses screen appears.
Page 173 The IP Address Lease Management screen appears. This screen has three options: Reset All Leases: Resets all current IP addresses leased through DHCP without waiting for the default one–hour lease period to elapse Release BootP Leases: Releases any BootP leases that may be in place, and which may no longer be required.
Page 174: System Information
AppleTalk MIB I (RFC 1243) Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia R3100 CD included with the Netopia R3100. Load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here. Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs.
Page 175: The Snmp Setup Screen
Select System Contact and enter the name of the person responsible for maintaining the router. System Name, System Location, and System Contact set the values returned by the Netopia R3100 SNMP agent for the SysName, SysLocation, and SysContact objects, respectively, in the MIB II system group. Although optional, the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efﬁciently.
Page 176: Snmp Traps
SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent (in this case, the Netopia R3100) to a manager. When a manager receives a trap, it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own.
Page 177 Setting the IP trap receivers Select Add IP Trap Receiver. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name. Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap. Select Community String. Enter whatever community string is appropriate for the traps to be sent to the management station whose IP address or domain name you entered on the previous line.
Page 178 14-16 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 179: Chapter 15 - Security
The Netopia R3100 provides a number of security features to help protect its conﬁguration screens and your local network from unauthorized access. Although these features are optional, it is strongly recommended that you use them. This section covers the following topics: “Suggested security measures”...
Page 180: User Accounts
15-2 User’s Reference Guide User accounts When you ﬁrst set up and conﬁgure the Netopia R3100, no passwords are required to access the conﬁguration screens. Anyone could tamper with the router’s conﬁguration by simply connecting it to a console. However, by adding user accounts, you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access. User accounts are composed of name/password combinations that can be given to authorized users.
Page 181: Dial-In Console Access
Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to either internal modem line and establish a remote console session, even though they are not using PPP. This allows Netopia Inc.'s “Up and Running, Guaranteed!” department or other administrator with the appropriate security to remotely conﬁgure your router for you. If you used SmartStart to conﬁgure your router, this option will be set to “No”.
Page 182: Enable Smartstart/Smartview/Web Server
SmartStart. To prevent access to these features toggle this option to “No”. Telnet access Telnet is a TCP/IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network. The Netopia R3100 supports Telnet access to its conﬁguration screens. Caution! You should consider password-protecting or restricting Telnet access to the Netopia R3100 if you suspect there is a chance of tampering.
Page 183: How Filter Sets Work
Security 15-5 How ﬁlter sets work A ﬁlter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each ﬁlter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects every package individually. Each inspector has a speciﬁc task.
Page 184 15-6 User’s Reference Guide If the package does not match the ﬁrst inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector, and so on. You can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important. For example, let’s say the ﬁrst inspector’s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome, and the second inspector’s orders are to reject all packages that come from France.
Page 185: How Individual Filters Work
This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199.211.211.17. If a match occurs, the packet is blocked. Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a ﬁlter on the Netopia R3100: +-#--Source IP Addr--Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ 199.211.211.17...
Page 186 15-8 User’s Reference Guide Port numbers A ﬁlter can also match a packet’s port number attributes, but only if the ﬁlter’s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP, since only those protocols use port numbers. The ﬁlter can be conﬁgured to match the following: The source port number (the port on the sending host that originated the packet) The destination port number (the port on the receiving host that the packet is destined for) By matching on a port number, a ﬁlter can be applied to selected TCP or UDP services, such as Telnet, FTP, and...
Page 187 Greater Than or Equal: For the ﬁlter to match, the packet’s port number must be greater than or equal to the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter. Other ﬁlter attributes There are three other attributes to each ﬁlter: The ﬁlter’s order (i.e., priority) in the ﬁlter set Whether the ﬁlter is currently active Whether the ﬁlter is set to pass (forward) packets or to block (discard) packets Putting the parts together...
Page 188 15-10 User’s Reference Guide Protocol Src. Port: The source port to match. This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Port: The destination port to match. This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended. On?: Displays Yes when the ﬁlter is in effect or No when it is not.
Page 189: Design Guidelines
This four-step process is how we produced the following ﬁlter from the original rule: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.211.211.17 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Filtering example #2 Suppose a ﬁlter is conﬁgured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200.233.14.0, regardless of the type of connection or its destination.
Page 190: Working With Ip Filters And Filter Sets
15-12 User’s Reference Guide Disadvantages of ﬁlters Although using ﬁlter sets can greatly enhance network security, there are disadvantages: Filters are complex. Combining them in ﬁlter sets introduces subtle interactions, increasing the likelihood of implementation errors. Enabling a large number of ﬁlters can have a negative impact on performance. Processing of packets will take longer if they have to go through many checkpoints.
Page 191: Adding A Filter Set
Return/Enter to configure and add a new Filter Set Set Up IP Filter Sets (Firewalls) from this and the following Menus. The procedure for creating and maintaining ﬁlter sets is as follows: Add a new ﬁlter set. Create the ﬁlters for the new ﬁlter set. View, change, or delete individual ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets.
Page 192 15-14 User’s Reference Guide Filter Set Name: Display/Change Input Filter... Add Input Filter... Delete Input Filter... Display/Change Output Filter... Add Output Filter... Delete Output Filter... ADD FILTER SET Configure the Filter Set name and its associated Filters. Naming a new ﬁlter set All new ﬁlter sets have a default name.
Page 193 The Netopia R-series Router Packets in the Netopia R3100 pass through an input ﬁlter if they originate in the WAN and through an output ﬁlter if they’re being sent out to the WAN. The process for adding input and output ﬁlters is exactly the same. The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination.
Page 194 15-16 User’s Reference Guide Enter the IP specific information for this filter. To make the ﬁlter active in the ﬁlter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Yes. If Enabled is toggled to No, the ﬁlter can still exist in the ﬁlter set, but it will have no effect. If you want the ﬁlter to forward packets that match its criteria to the destination IP address, select Forward and toggle it to Yes.
Page 195: Viewing Filter Sets
10. When you are ﬁnished conﬁguring the ﬁlter, select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the ﬁlter in the ﬁlter set. Select CANCEL to discard the ﬁlter. Viewing ﬁlters To display a view-only table of input (output) ﬁlters, select Display/Change Input Filters (Display/Change Output Filters) in the Add IP Filter Set screen.
Page 196: Modifying Filter Sets
ﬁlter set. A sample IP ﬁlter set This section contains the settings for a ﬁlter set, called Basic Firewall, which is part of the Netopia R3100’s factory conﬁguration. Basic Firewall blocks undesirable trafﬁc originating from the WAN (in most cases, the Internet), but passes all trafﬁc originating from the LAN.
Page 197 The ﬁve input ﬁlters and one output ﬁlter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below. Input ﬁlter Setting Enabled Forward Source IP 0.0.0.0 address Source IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Protocol type Source port...
Page 198 15-20 User’s Reference Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access servers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass WAN-originated TCP and UDP trafﬁc to ports greater than 1023.
Page 199 AURP tunnel. To allow an AURP tunnel between a remote AURP router with the IP address a.b.c.d (corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163.176.8.243) and a local AURP router (including the Netopia R3100 itself), insert the following input ﬁlter ahead of the current input ﬁlter 1: Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: a.b.c.d...
Page 200: Ipx Filters
15-22 User’s Reference Guide IPX ﬁlters Main Menu IPX packet ﬁlters work very similarly to IP packet ﬁlters. They ﬁlter data trafﬁc coming from or going to remote IPX networks. IPX ﬁlters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-deﬁned criteria.
Page 201: Ipx Packet Filters
The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen are grouped into four areas: IPX packet ﬁlters IPX packet ﬁlter sets IPX SAP ﬁlters IPX SAP ﬁlter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas. IPX packet ﬁlters For each IPX packet ﬁlter, you can conﬁgure a set of parameters to match on the source or destination attributes of IPX data packets coming from or going to the WAN.
Page 202: Ipx Packet Filter Sets
15-24 User’s Reference Guide Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the ﬁlter. To specify a source network for the ﬁlter to match on, select Source Network and enter an IPX network address. To specify a source node for the ﬁlter to match on, select Source Node Address and enter an IPX node address.
Page 203 Add Packet Filter Set Filter Set Name: Show Filters/Change Action on Match... Append Filter... Remove Filter... ADD FILTER SET NOW Configure an IPX Filter Set here. You must ADD FILTER SET NOW to save. Follow these steps to conﬁgure the new packet ﬁlter set: Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the ﬁlter set.
Page 204: Ipx Sap Filters
15-26 User’s Reference Guide To add a ﬁlter to the ﬁlter set, select Append Filter to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to add it to the ﬁlter set. The default action of newly added ﬁlters is to not forward packets that match their criteria.
Page 205 (no characters), and ? to match any single character in the server’s name. For example, the ﬁlter could match on the server name “NETOPIA” with “NETO*”, “NETO?IA”, and “NETOPIA*”. To specify a socket for the ﬁlter to match on, select Socket and enter an IPX socket number.
Page 206: Ipx Sap Filter Sets
15-28 User’s Reference Guide Deleting a SAP ﬁlter To delete a SAP ﬁlter, select Delete IPX SAP ﬁlter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to delete it. Press the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the ﬁlter.
Page 207 Set whether filters forward or drop matching packets here. Select a ﬁlter and toggle the entry forwarding action to Yes (pass) or No (discard). To add a ﬁlter to the ﬁlter set, select Append Filter to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to add it to the ﬁlter set.
Page 208: Firewall Tutorial
15-30 User’s Reference Guide Firewall tutorial General Firewall Terms Firewall: a component or set of components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet, or between two networks. Host: A workstation on the Network. Packet: Unit of communication on the Internet. Packet Filter: Packet ﬁlters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addresses, TCP or UDP ports, or the TCP ACK bit.
Page 209: Firewall Design Rules
Example TCP/UDP Ports TCP Port 20/21 Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to ﬁrewall design: “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The ﬁrst rule is far more secure, and is the best approach to ﬁrewall design. It is far easier (and more secure) to allow in or out only certain services and deny anything else.
Page 210 15-32 User’s Reference Guide and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP, the packet would pass through the ﬁrst ﬁlter rule (WWW), match the second rule (FTP) and the packet is allowed through. Even though the next rule is to deny all FTP trafﬁc, the FTP packet will never make it to this rule.
Page 211: Filter Basics
In the source or destination IP address ﬁelds, the IP address that is entered MUST be the NETWORK address of the subnet. A HOST address can be entered, but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits (255.255.255.255). The Netopia R3100 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports. These options are as follows:...
Page 212: Example Filters
Any port less than or equal to the port deﬁned Matches only the port deﬁned Matches the port or any port greater Matches anything greater than the port deﬁned. Incoming Packet Filter Netopia 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128 (Source IP Mask) Forward = No...
Page 213 This incoming IP packet (10000000) has a source IP address that does not match the network address in the Source IP Address ﬁeld (00000000) in the Netopia R3100. This rule WILL forward this packet because the packet does not match.
Page 214 15-36 User’s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this rule does NOT match and this packet will be passed. Example 4 Filter Rule: Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.104...
Page 215: Token Security Authentication
Security 15-37 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this rule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed. This rule masks off a SINGLE IP address.
Page 216: Security Authentication Components
Note: The Netopia R3100 currently only supports Ascend routers as ACMs. An external Netopia R3100 calling into a designated server. For example, a telecommuter dialing into a remote site from a Netopia R3100 interested in accessing personal email or ﬁle sharing services.
Page 217: Connecting Using Security Authentication
CACHE-TOKEN. Your network administrator or the remote network administrator will tell you which method to select. If you select PAP-TOKEN, select Send User Name and enter a name for your Netopia R3100. You will not need to enter a Send Password for PAP-TOKEN. Press Return.
Page 218 15-40 User’s Reference Guide Select Secure Authentication Monitor and press Return. The Secure Authentication Monitor screen appears. Wait for the call to initiate. Profile Name---State---%Use---Remote Address---Est.---More Info--- Status --- Passcode Required For Connection Profile: 0-Challenge: Enter PASSCODE: Passcode: From the ﬁelds that appear, select Enter PASSCODE and press Return. Enter your PIN and the code displayed on your security authentication token card LED.
Page 219 Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time interval determined by the network administrator. When this time interval expires, you must provide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using PAP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation. For a second call negotiation, you must enter the next passcode provided by the security authentication token card every 60 seconds.
Page 220 15-42 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 221: Chapter 16 — Utilities And Diagnostics
A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes: “Ping” on page 16-2 “Telnet client” on page 16-4 “Trace Route” on page 16-5 “Secure Authentication Monitor” on page 16-6 “Disconnect Telnet Console Session” on page 16-7 “Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with TFTP”...
Page 222: Ping
(Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the target host receives a Ping packet, it returns a packet to the original sender. Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia R3100. You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test’s statistics.
Page 223 Ping packets. Note that the second return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia R3100 before the third Ping packet is sent. The ﬁrst and third return Ping packets are on time.
Page 224: Telnet Client
The time-to-live (TTL) value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia R3100 is 255, the maximum allowed. The TTL value deﬁnes the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse. Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped, and a “destination unreachable”...
Page 225: Trace Route
Terminate Suspended Session – select this one if you want to end the session Trace Route You can count the number of routers between your Netopia Router and a given destination with the Trace Route utility. Select Trace Route in the Statistics & Diagnostics screen and press Return to go to the Trace Route screen.
Page 226: Secure Authentication Monitor
Select Timeout per probe (1..10 sec) to set when the trace will timeout for each hop, up to 10 seconds. The default is 3 seconds. Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router. The default is Yes.
Page 227: Disconnect Telnet Console Session
If you select Continue, you will immediately terminate your session. Factory defaults You can reset the Netopia R3100 to its factory default settings. Select the Revert to Factory Defaults item in the Statistics & Diagnostics screen and press Return. Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return.
Page 228: Updating Firmware
You may need to enter a ﬁle path along with the ﬁle name (for example, bigroot/conﬁg/myﬁle). Select Send Firmware to Netopia from TFTP Server and press Return. You will see the following dialog box: +-----------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 229: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
Some models do not support all ﬁrmware versions. Loading an incorrect ﬁrmware version can permanently damage the unit. Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R3100 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. If you choose to download the ﬁrmware, the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware.
Page 230: Transferring Conﬁguration And Firmware Files With Xmodem
Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with XMODEM You can transfer conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with XMODEM through the Netopia R3100’s console port. Be sure your terminal emulation program supports XMODEM ﬁle transfers.
Page 231: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
The system will reset at the end of a successful ﬁle transfer to put the new ﬁrmware into effect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and off. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R3100 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles The Netopia R3100 can be conﬁgured by downloading a conﬁguration ﬁle.
Page 232: Uploading Conﬁguration Files
The system will reset at the end of a successful ﬁle transfer to put the new conﬁguration into effect. Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles A ﬁle containing a snapshot of the Netopia R3100’s current conﬁguration can be uploaded from the Router to disk. The ﬁle can then be downloaded by a different Netopia R3100 to conﬁgure its parameters (see “Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles”...
Page 233: Isdn Switch Loopback Test
The ISDN loopback test is designed to conﬁrm the existence of a working ISDN line and the proper conﬁguration of certain Netopia R3100 ISDN Router parameters. This test is available only on switched ISDN lines. Using the ﬁrst B-channel, the test calls the Netopia R3100 on the second B-channel, creating a call loop back to the unit.
Page 234 16-14 User’s Reference Guide If the loopback test fails Follow these suggestions to track down the reason behind the loopback test’s failure: Check that the WAN Ready LED is solid green. Check the ISDN event log and get more information about events that seem relevant to the failure. Check the B-channel usage in the Quick View screen to make sure there were no active calls when the loopback test was performed.
Page 236 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 237: Appendix A - Troubleshooting
Your PC or Macintosh has an IP address, either automatically or statically assigned, and compatible with the default IP address of the router, 198.162.1.1. Your PC or Macintosh has a subnet mask that matches or is compatible with the Netopia R3100’s default subnet mask, 255.255.255.0.
Page 238: Smartstart Troubleshooting
Problems communicating with remote IP hosts Verify the accuracy of the default gateway’s IP address (entered in the IP Setup or Easy Setup screen). Use the Netopia R3100’s ping utility, in the Statistics, Tests, Utilities screen, and try to ping local and remote hosts. See “Ping”...
Page 239: Power Outages
Power outages If you suspect that power was restored after a power outage, and the Netopia R3100 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R3100 off and then back on again. After temporary power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
Page 240 Netopia World Wide Web server via http://www.netopia.com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.netopia.com/pub FAX-Back This service provides technical notes which answer the most commonly asked questions, and offer solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products. FAX-Back: +1 510-814-5040...
Page 241: Appendix B - Setting Up Telco Services
North America only Note: If you signed up for Netopia’s Up & Running, Guaranteed! program, Netopia will set up an ISDN or leased line service with your telephone company, set up Internet services from your ISP, and conﬁgure your Netopia Router.
Page 242 Netopia Router. If your site has only one telephone line, or if you will be using a Netopia Router that does not support SmartPhone, we recommend you keep the existing analog line to conduct non-ISDN communications.
Page 243 In addition, Appendix A contains a reference table summarizing the recommended provisioning parameters offered by various North American ISDN switches. Switch protocol type To conﬁgure the Netopia Router, your ISDN service provider must provide you with the switch protocol type used on your ISDN line. Outside North America only...
Page 244 Long-distance ISDN calls (North American models only) If you are interested in placing long-distance calls on your Netopia Router, you will want to sign up with a long-distance telephone carrier company that offers connectivity over ISDN. When the Netopia Router places long-distance calls on your ISDN line, you will then be automatically billed by a long-distance telephone company.
Page 245: Completing The Isdn Worksheet
Section 2 when ordering your ISDN line. Section 3 after ordering your ISDN line. Complete the worksheet carefully. You will need this information when conﬁguring the Netopia Router. Have the worksheet available if you call Farallon Technical Support. The information on the sheet will help a Farallon technician answer your questions quickly.
Page 246 Billing address for your ISDN line: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ISDN information ISDN line conﬁguration method used (check one): __ By product (Netopia Router) Type of switch (check one): __ NI-1 __ Northern Telecom DMS-100 custom Primary directory number (ID 1): ________________________________________________...
Page 247 Billing address for your ISDN line: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ISDN information ISDN line conﬁguration method used (check one): __ By product (Netopia Router) Type of switch (check one): __ EuroISDN (ETSI, NET3) –– Japanese NTT –– Australia TS013 Primary directory number (ID 1): ________________________________________________...
Page 248 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 249: Appendix C - North American Telco Provisioning For Isdn
This feature is not available on 5ESS custom (Multipoint or Pt-to-Pt). ** Flexible Calling includes Hold, Drop, Conference, and Transfer. Future Netopia ﬁrmware releases will support these features. *** Caller ID Delivery may not be available from your ISDN provider.
Page 250 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 251: Appendix D - Setting Up Internet Services
Note: Some companies act as their own ISP. For example, some organizations have branch ofﬁces that can use the Netopia R3100 to access the Internet via the main ofﬁce in a point-to-point scenario. If you install the Netopia R3100 in this type of environment, refer to the following sections for speciﬁc information you must receive from the network administrator to conﬁgure the Netopia R3100 properly.
Page 252: Pricing And Support
Setting up a Netopia R3100 account Check whether your ISP has the Netopia R3100 on a list of supported products that have been tested with a particular conﬁguration. If the ISP does not have the Netopia R3100 on such a list, describe the Netopia R3100 in as much detail as needed, so your ISP account can be optimized.
Page 253: Obtaining Information From The Isp
If you are using SmartIP (NAT), you should obtain the following: If you are dialing out to a remote site using Network Address Translation on your router, your provider will not deﬁne the IP address information on your local LAN. You can deﬁne this information based on parameters deﬁned by another connection proﬁle such as that to a corporate network, or an IP...
Page 254 The telephone number of the ISP’s local or nearby dial-up POP (point-of-presence). Remote IP address of router at ISP or other remote site Remote IP subnet mask address of router at ISP or other remote site PPP authentication type for router at the ISP, such as PAP.
Page 255: Appendix E - Understanding Ip Addressing
This appendix is a brief general introduction to IP addressing. A basic understanding of IP will help you in conﬁguring the Netopia R3100 and using some of its powerful features, such as static routes and packet ﬁltering. In packets, a header is part of the envelope information that surrounds the actual data being transmitted. In e-mail, a header is usually the address and routing information found at the top of messages.
Page 256: Subnets And Subnet Masks
E-2 User’s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can vary, as long as certain rules are followed.
Page 257: Example: Using Subnets On A Class C Ip Internet
When setting up IP routing with a Class A Address, or even multiple Class C Addresses, subnetting is fairly straightforward. Subnetting a single Class C address between two networks, however, is more complex. This section describes the general procedures for subnetting a single Class C network between two Netopia routers so that each can have Internet access.
Page 258 Below is a diagram of a simple network conﬁguration. The ISP is providing a Class C address to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access through this address. Netopia R3100 B connects to Netopia R3100 A and is provided Internet access through Routers A and B.
Page 259: Example: Working With A Class C Subnet
ISP's equipment. The most important item in this conﬁguration is the Static Route deﬁned on Router B. This tells Router B what path to take to get to the network deﬁned by Netopia R3100 B. Without this information, Customer Site B will be able to access Customer Site A, but not the Internet.
Page 260: Technical Note On Subnet Masking
These two methods are not mutually exclusive; you can manually issue some of the addresses while the rest are distributed by the Netopia R3100. Using the Router in this way allows it to function as an address server. One reason to use the Netopia R3100 as an address server is that it takes less time than manually distributing the addresses.
Page 261: Conﬁguration
DHCP address lease for one hour. The Netopia R3100 does release the DHCP address back to the available DHCP address pool precisely one hour after the last heard lease request as some other DHCP implementations may hold on to the lease...
Page 262: Manually Distributing Ip Addresses
DHCP. The second way, MacIP, is for Macintosh computers. The Netopia R3100 can use both DHCP and MacIP. Whether you use one or both will depend on your particular networking environment. If that environment includes both PCs and Macintosh computers that do not use Open Transport, you will need to use both DHCP and MacIP to distribute IP addresses to all of your computers.
Page 263 (199.1.1.49, 199.1.1.50, and 199.1.1.51). Understanding IP Addressing E-9 Distributed to the (Ethernet IP address) Pool of Addresses Distributed Netopia R3100 Manually distributed (static) by MacIP and DHCP...
Page 264: Nested Ip Subnets
The ﬁgure at left shows a possible network conﬁguration following this scheme. The main network is set up with the Class C address a.b.c.0, and contains Router A (which could be a Netopia R3100), a Netopia R3100, and a number of other hosts. Router A maintains a link to the Internet, and may be used as the default gateway.
Page 265 Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia R3100s) serve the two remote networks that are subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by conﬁguring the Netopia R3100 with connection proﬁles for Routers B and C (see the following table).
Page 266: Broadcasts
These two protocols specify two different ways to organize the very ﬁrst signals in the sequence of electrical signals that make up an IP packet travelling over Ethernet. By default, the Netopia R3100 uses Ethernet packet headers for IP trafﬁc. If your network requires 802.3 IP framing, you must conﬁgure this through SNMP.
Page 267: Appendix F - Understanding Netopia Nat Behavior
R3100 uses a one-to-many IP address mapping scheme, that is against a single IP address the Netopia R3100 acquires on its WAN interface the Netopia R3100 can proxy 14, 30, or an unlimited number of IP hosts on the LAN interface.
Page 268 192.168.5.1 and the address of the Router at the ISP is 200.1.1.1. Assuming that the addresses negotiated by the routers are valid and unique for the Internet, the Netopia R3100 and the hosts on its LAN would be able to access the Internet.
Page 269 Dst Port:: 5001 As you can see, the IP packet from Workstation A is sent to the Netopia R3100 and the source IP address is substituted with 200.1.1.40 and the source port is substituted with 5001, then the IP packet checksum is recalculated.
Page 270 5001 and the source port for Workstation B has been changed to 5002. If you were to look at the internal port mapping table that is maintained by the Netopia R3100, it would look similar to the following: Netopia Router LAN: 192.168.5.1...
Page 271: Exported Services
IP address substitution to work in the other direction, that is, hosts on the Internet wishing to originate an IP packet destined to a host on the Netopia R3100s LAN interface, a manual redirection of TCP or UDP ports as well as destination IP addresses within the Netopia R3100 is required. This manual port remapping and IP address substitution is accomplished by setting up Exported Services.
Page 272: Important Notes
Device Event History. When using NAT it is most likely that the Netopia R3100 will be receiving an IP address from a “pool” of dynamic IP addresses at the ISP. This means that the Netopia R3100's IP presence on the Internet will change with each connection.
Page 273 Toggling Address Translation Enabled to Yes enables the Netopia R3100 to send out an all-zeros IPCP address that requests an IP to be assigned to the Netopia R3100’s WAN interface. Note that the remote IP address is 127.0.0.2, which should also be the Default Gateway under IP Setup in System Conﬁguration. This is done for proﬁle matching purposes and because the IP address of the router the Netopia R3100 is dialing is not always...
Page 274: Summary
Summary NAT is a powerful feature of the Netopia R3100 and when used and set up properly can yield a secure network while only using one IP address on the WAN interface. Note that the addresses listed in this appendix are for demonstration purposes only.
Page 275: Appendix G - Understanding Frame Relay
This appendix explains some of the major components of Frame Relay. Frame Relay is a streamlined subset of the X.25 packet switching protocol which has been used by many corporations for wide area communications for a number of years. By removing the X.25 protocol error correction function and its associated overhead, Frame Relay can be used effectively up to T3 speeds over error-free lines (about 45 megabits per second).
Page 276: Committed Information Rate (Cir
G-2 User’s Reference Guide Committed Information Rate (CIR) The Committed Information Rate is a tool your Frame Relay service provider uses to manage your PVCs. The CIR measures the average amount of normal priority data your Frame Relay network will attempt to deliver in a given time interval.
Page 277: Addressing
= Committed burst = Excess burst CIR = Committed information rate = Beginning of interval = Interval B /CIR Addressing The logical address of a PVC is called the data link connection identiﬁer (DLCI). The DLCI identiﬁes each PVC within a shared physical channel. Frame Relay packets are exchanged between nodes by mapping packets containing the source node’s DLCI address to the destination DLCI address at the switch.
Page 278: Encapsulation And Fragmentation
When a router discovers a new, active PVC by communicating with the Frame Relay switch using the LMI protocol, it uses InARP to discover the IP address of the remote router on the other end of the PVC, when the PVC becomes active.
Page 279 Router 1 and router 2 cannot communicate directly, because there is no PVC between them. However, they can communicate via router 3 or router 4. The same is true for router 3 and router 4, which can communicate via router 1 or router 2.
Page 280 G-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 281: Appendix H - Event Histories
Event Histories This appendix is a list of some of the events that can appear in the Netopia R3100’s Event Histories. The text that appears in a history is shown in bold, followed by a brief explanation and the parameters associated with the event.
Page 282: Isdn Event Cause Codes
User’s Reference Guide ISDN Line Active: ISDN L1 active - L1 not ready to carry L2 data. Associated parameter: switch type or protocol. SPID Initialized: SPID accepted by switch. Associated parameter: directory number associated with SPID. SPID Failed: SPID rejected/removed by switch. Associated parameter: directory number associated with SPID. ISDN Line Deactivated: ISDN L1 not active - L1 not ready to carry L2 data.
Page 283 Event Histories Cause No. 3: no route to destination. This cause indicates that the called user cannot be reached because the network through which the call has been routed does not serve the destination desired. This cause is supported on a network-dependent basis. Cause No.
Page 284 User’s Reference Guide Cause No. 34: no circuit/channel available. This cause indicates that there is no appropriate circuit/channel presently available to handle the call. Cause No. 38: network out of order. This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is likely to last a relatively long period of time: e.g., immediately reattempting the call is not likely to be successful.
Page 285 Event Histories Cause No. 81: invalid call reference value. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a call reference which is not currently in use on the user-network interface. Cause No. 82: identiﬁed channel does not exist. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to use a channel not activated on the interface for a call.
Page 286 User’s Reference Guide Cause No. 100: invalid information element contents. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received an information element which it has implemented; however, one or more of the ﬁelds in the information element are coded in a way that has not been implemented by the equipment sending this cause. Cause No 101: message not compatible with call state.
Page 287: Appendix I - Isdn Conﬁguration Guide
TID (Terminal ID): This usually a four-digit number associated with the SPID. 0101 is the most popular, but it can vary in form. You may need to add a TID to each SPID you use when you conﬁgure the Netopia R3100.
Page 288: Example Spids
Telecom DMS-100 Note: AT&T 5ESS custom point-to-point switches have no SPIDs and are not represented in the table above. However, this type of switch conﬁguration is supported by the Netopia R3100. Example SPIDs If your ISDN line is controlled by a DMS-100 switch using National ISDN-1, and your directory numbers are given as (415)234-5678 and (415)234-5679, your SPIDs are 41523456780101 and 41523456790201.
Page 289: Other Incoming Call Restrictions
ISDN Conﬁguration Guide This table may not be a complete list of switch protocols that support ACO. To ﬁnd out if your switch protocol supports ACO, or to turn ACO on, contact your ISDN service provider. Other incoming call restrictions A B-channel will not be relinquished to admit an incoming call if a connection proﬁle has B-Channel Usage set to 2 B-Channels.
Page 290 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 291: Appendix J - Binary Conversion Table
This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP and MacIP networks that use subnetting for IP addresses. Decimal Binary 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 11000...
Page 292 J-2 User’s Reference Guide Decimal Binary 10000000 10000001 10000010 10000011 10000100 10000101 10000110 10000111 10001000 10001001 10001010 10001011 10001100 10001101 10001110 10001111 10010000 10010001 10010010 10010011 10010100 10010101 10010110 10010111 10011000 10011001 10011010 10011011 10011100 10011101 10011110 10011111 Decimal Binary Decimal 10100000 10100001...
Page 293: Appendix K - Further Reading
Further Reading K-1 Angell, David. ISDN for Dummies, Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1995. Thorough introduction to ISDN for beginners. Apple Computer, Inc. AppleTalk Network System Overview. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.; 1989. Apple Computer, Inc. Planning and Managing AppleTalk Networks. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.;...
Page 294 K-2 User’s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Protocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Report, Vol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur. Macworld Networking Handbook. San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.; 1992. Joyce, S.T. and J.Q. Walker II. "Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN): An Overview." ConneXions: The Interoperability Report, Vol.
Page 295 Further Reading K-3 Rose, M.T. The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T. The Simple Book: An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Internets. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991. Ross, F.E. "FDDI--A Tutorial." IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 24, No. 5: May 1986. Schlar, S.K.
Page 296 K-4 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 297: Appendix L - Technical Speciﬁcations And Safety Information
Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable HD-15 Pin 1 Ground Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 (not used) Pin 7 Pin 8 Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information L-1 DB-25 Pin 1 (not used) Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6...
Page 298 L-2 User’s Reference Guide HD-15 Pin 9 Pin 10 Pin 11 (not used) Pin 12 Pin 13 Pin 14 Pin 15 Note: Certain RS-232 modems do not properly accept signals on pins 12/24, 13/11, 14/17, and 15/9. For these applications, these pins may need to be cut. DB-25 Pin 9 -RSET (EIA-530)
Page 299: Description
9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router has an RJ-45 jack for ISDN connections; an 8 port 10Base-T Ethernet hub for your LAN connection; a DE-9 Console port; and an HD-15 Auxiliary port that can be used as either a serial or LocalTalk port.
Page 300: Agency Approvals
L-4 User’s Reference Guide Agency approvals North America Safety Approvals: United States – UL: 1950 Third Edition Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 EMI: FCC Class A International Safety Approvals: Low Voltage (European directive) 72/23 EN60950 (Europe) ETSI 300 047 (Europe) AS/NRZ 3260 (Australia) TS001(Australia) TS008 (Australia)
Page 301 It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 2470 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, California, 94501. Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components.
Page 302: Important Safety Instructions
L-6 User’s Reference Guide Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industry Canada label identiﬁes certiﬁed equipment. This certiﬁcation means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction. Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company.
Page 303 Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak. Battery The Netopia R3100’s lithium battery is designed to last for the life of the product. The battery is not user-ser- viceable. Caution! Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
Page 304 L-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 305: Glossary 1
An AppleTalk address always includes a network number wherever two or more AppleTalk networks are connected together by routers. AURP (Apple Update-based Router Protocol): An enhanced AppleTalk routing protocol. AURP provides improved support for AppleTalk over wide area networks (WANs) and tunneling through non-AppleTalk (IP) networks.
Page 306 CNA (Calling Number Authentication): A security feature that will reject an incoming call if it does not match the Calling Number ﬁeld in one of the Netopia ISDN Router’s Connection Proﬁles. CND (Calling Number Delivery): Also known as caller ID, a feature that allows the Called Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive a calling party’s directory number during the call establishment phase.
Page 307 LocalTalk networks are compatible with Phase II but are not extended because a single LocalTalk network cannot have multiple network numbers or multiple zone names. ﬁrmware: System software stored in a device’s memory that controls the device. The Netopia ISDN Router’s ﬁrmware can be updated.
Page 308 4 User’s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by routers. This is a general term, not to be confused with the large, multi-organizational collection of IP networks known as the Internet. An internet is sometimes also known as an internetwork.
Page 309 Glossary 5 NAT (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP address, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
Page 310 A physical or logical connection between a router and a network. Where a network only allows the use of one protocol, each physical connection corresponds to one logical router port. An example is the Netopia ISDN Router’s LocalTalk port. Where a network allows the use of several protocols, each physical connection may correspond to several logical router ports—one for each protocol used.
Page 311 WANs can span a state, a country, or even the world. WAN IP: In addition to being a router, the Netopia ISDN Router is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses over the WAN which include: DHCP, BOOTP, IPCP and MacIP. WAN IP is a feature for both the Small Ofﬁce and Corporate Netopia ISDN Router models.
Page 312 8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 313 10Base-T 4-3 connecting 4-3 add static route 11-14 adding a ﬁlter set 15-13 advanced conﬁguration features 8-12 answer proﬁle call acceptance scenarios 10-12 deﬁned 10-9 answering calls 10-9 AppleTalk 1-2 conﬁguring LocalTalk 13-8 routing table 14-9 setup 13-1 tunneling (AURP) 13-4 13-9 zones 13-7 13-8...
Page 314 connection proﬁles deﬁned 7-3 scheduling 10-1 console conﬁguration 8-16 conﬁguring 8-16 connection problems A-2 screens, connecting to 8-11 console-based management conﬁguring with 6-1 D. Port 15-10 date and time setting 8-14 deciding on an ISP account D-2 default proﬁle 8-7 default terminal emulation software settings 6- delete static route 11-15 deleting a packet ﬁlter 15-24...
Page 315 ﬁnding an ISDN service provider B-1 ﬁnding an ISP D-1 ﬁrewall 15-18 ﬁrmware ﬁles updating with TFTP 16-8 updating with XMODEM 16-10 Frame Relay G-1 addressing G-3 conﬁguring 7-11 encapsulation G-4 local management interface (LMI) G-3 ftp sessions 15-21 further reading K-1 general statistics 14-4 Glossary GL-1 hard seeding 13-5...
Page 316 15-2 proxy addresses 11-1 Quick View 14-1 resetting the system 16-12 restricting telnet access 15-4 RIP 8-8 11-9 router to serve IP addresses to hosts 11-1 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 12-2 routing tables AppleTalk 14-9 IP 11-12 14-8...
Page 317 SAP server types 12-3 scheduled connections adding 10-6 deﬁned 10-1 deleting 10-9 modifying 10-9 once-only 10-8 viewing 10-5 weekly 10-7 screens, connecting to 8-11 security – ﬁlters 15-4 15-21 measures to increase 15-1 telnet 15-4 user accounts (passwords) 15-2 security options screen 15-2 seeding 13-5 Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) 12-2 Service Proﬁle ID, see SPID...
Page 318 15-20 tunneling 13-4 unproxied addresses 11-1 updating ﬁrmware with TFTP 16-8 with XMODEM 16-10 updating router ﬁrmware 16-8 uploading a conﬁguration ﬁle 16-9 uploading conﬁguration ﬁles with TFTP 16-9 with XMODEM 16-12 user accounts 15-2 using ﬁlters 15-12 utilities and diagnostics 16-1 viewing and modifying packet ﬁlters 15-24...
Page 319: Limited Warranty And Limitation Of Remedies
Netopia warrants to you, the end user, that the Netopia R3100™ ISDN Router (the “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one (1) year from date of purchase. Netopia’s entire liability and your sole remedy under this warranty during the warranty period is that Netopia shall, at its sole option, either repair or replace the Product.
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This manual is also suitable for:

R3100

Netopia R3100-U User Reference Manual

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Making the Physical Connections

Chapter 3 - Setting up Your Router with the Smartstart Wizard

Chapter 4 — Connecting Your Local Area Network

Chapter 5 - Smartview

Chapter 6 - Console-Based Management

Chapter 7 - Easy Setup

Chapter 8 — WAN and System Conﬁguration

Chapter 9 - Using Smartphone for Telephone Services

Chapter 10 - Call Accounting and Default Answer Proﬁle

Chapter 11 - IP Setup and Network Address Translation

Chapter 12 - IPX Setup

Chapter 13 - Appletalk Setup

Chapter 14 — Monitoring Tools

Chapter 15 - Security

Chapter 16 — Utilities and Diagnostics

Appendix A - Troubleshooting

Appendix B - Setting up Telco Services

Appendix C - North American Telco Provisioning for ISDN

Appendix D - Setting up Internet Services

Appendix E - Understanding IP Addressing

Appendix F - Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior

Appendix G - Understanding Frame Relay

Appendix H - Event Histories

Appendix I - ISDN Configuration Guide

Appendix I - ISDN Conﬁguration Guide

Appendix J - Binary Conversion Table

Appendix K - Further Reading

Appendix L - Technical Specifications and Safety Information

Appendix L - Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information

Quick Links

Troubleshooting

Related Manuals for Netopia R3100-U

Summary of Contents for Netopia R3100-U