Netopia R2121 User Reference Manual

Dual analog router

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R2121 Dual Analog Router

User's Reference Guide

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Page 1 ® Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router User’s Reference Guide...
Page 2 This manual and any associated artwork, software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
C C C C o o o o n n n n t t t t e e e e n n n n t t t t s s s s Welcome to the Netopia R2121 User’s Reference Guide . This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router.
Page 4 User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ... 3-9 Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers ... 3-13 Chapter 4 — Monitoring with SmartView ...4-1 SmartView overview ... 4-1 Navigating SmartView ... 4-2 General Machine Information page ... 4-2 Connection Proﬁles page ...
Page 5 Easy Setup Security... 7-6 Chapter 8 — WAN and System Conﬁguration ...8-1 Creating a new Connection Proﬁle ... 8-2 Viewing or editing connection proﬁles ... 8-6 Deleting connection proﬁles ... 8-7 System Conﬁguration screens ... 8-8 Navigating through the System Conﬁguration screens... 8-8 System Conﬁguration features ...
Page 6 User’s Reference Guide Network Address Translation guidelines ... 10-5 IP setup ... 10-6 IP subnets ... 10-10 Static routes... 10-12 IP address serving ... 10-16 DHCP NetBIOS Options... 10-18 MacIP (Kip Forwarding) Options... 10-21 Chapter 11 — IPX Setup ...11-1 IPX Features...
Page 7 Chapter 13 — Monitoring Tools ...13-1 Quick View status overview ... 13-1 General Status... 13-2 Current Status ... 13-3 Status lights ... 13-3 Statistics & Logs ... 13-4 General Statistics ... 13-4 Event Histories ... 13-5 Routing Tables... 13-8 Served IP Addresses... 13-11 System Information...
Page 8 User’s Reference Guide IPX packet ﬁlters ... 14-23 IPX packet ﬁlter sets ... 14-24 IPX SAP ﬁlters ... 14-26 IPX SAP ﬁlter sets ... 14-28 Firewall tutorial ... 14-30 General Firewall Terms ... 14-30 Basic IP Packet Components... 14-30 Basic Protocol Types ... 14-30 Firewall design rules...
Page 9 ISP’s Point of presence ... B-2 Endorsements ... B-2 Deciding on an ISP account ... B-2 Setting up a Netopia R2121 account ... B-2 Obtaining an IP host address ... B-2 SmartIP™ ... B-3 Obtaining information from the ISP... B-3 Local LAN IP address information to obtain (NAT enabled) ...
Page 10 Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses... C-9 Nested IP subnets ... C-11 Broadcasts... C-13 Packet header types... C-13 Appendix D — Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior...D-1 Network Conﬁguration ... D-1 Background ... D-1 Exported services ... D-5 Important notes ... D-6 Conﬁguration ...
Page 11 Contents Index ...Index-1 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies ...1...
Page 12 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 13: Conﬁguration Options For Your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router
Conﬁguration options for your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog The Netopia R2121 can be used in different ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or more of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) “1.
Page 14: Small Ofﬁce Connection To The Internet
For Small Ofﬁce connections to the Internet, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address Translation (NAT) enabled, you should use the following conﬁguration option: the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R2121 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difﬁculty.
Page 15 2. Small Ofﬁce connection to the Internet For Small Ofﬁce connections to the Internet, using a block of IP addresses (Network Address Translation disabled), you should use the following conﬁguration tool: Easy Setup conﬁguration using console-based management. This option allows maximum ﬂexibility for experienced users and administrators.
Page 16: Direct Connection To A Corporate Ofﬁce (Telecommuter)
For direct connections to a Corporate Ofﬁce, you can use either one of two conﬁguration options: If you will be using Network Address Translation, use the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R2121 CD. For instructions on this option, see on page 3-3.
Page 17: Conﬁgured To Accept Incoming Dial-Up Connections
4. Conﬁgured to accept incoming dial-up connections To conﬁgure the Netopia R2121 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following conﬁguration method: To create one or more dial-in Connection Proﬁles for each dial-in user, see new Connection Proﬁle” on page You do this using console-based management.
Page 18: Conﬁgured For Two Onboard And One External Modem On The Auxiliary Port
5. Conﬁgured for two onboard and one external modem on the Auxiliary port To conﬁgure the Netopia R2121 to use the two onboard modems and a third external modem on the Auxiliary serial port, you should use the following conﬁguration options. This might be done to allow three separate simultaneous dial-in/dial-out connections or one or two aggregated dial-in/dial-out calls using Multilink PPP.
Page 19 P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t I I I I : : : : G G G G e e e e t t t t t t t t i i i i n n n n g g g g S S S S t t t t a a a a r r r r t t t t e e e e d d d d...
Page 20 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 21: Chapter 1 - Introduction
The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router is a full-featured, stand-alone, multiprotocol router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router uses two 56Kbps modems communicating over standard analog telephone lines to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world.
Page 22: How To Use This Guide
How to use this guide This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
Page 23: Chapter 2 - Making The Physical Connections
Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks, install the Netopia R2121 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia R2121 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.
Page 24: Identify The Connectors And Attach The Cables
Windows and Macintosh, ZTerm terminal emulator software and NCSA Telnet 2.6 for Macintosh You will need: A Windows 95-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia R2121. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed and conﬁgured. See SmartStart”...
Page 25 Netopia R2121 are powered ON. the computer running SmartStart and the Netopia R2121 to be conﬁgured must be on the same Ether- net segment; there can be no intervening routers. Repeaters, such as 10Base-T hubs, are acceptable.
Page 26: Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Back Panel Ports
2-4 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Back Panel Ports The ﬁgure below displays the back of the Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog. Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog back panel Ethernet Crossover switch 8 port Ethernet hub Telco or line ports...
Page 27 The following table describes all the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router back panel ports. Port Power port a mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. Telco 1 port a red RJ-11 telephone jack labelled “Telco 1". Console port a DE-9 Console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens. You may use this if you are an experienced user and choose not to use SmartStart.
Page 28: Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Status Lights
2-6 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Status Lights The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia R2121 status light (LED) panel. Netopia R2121 LED front panel 2 3 4 5 Modem 1 The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens...
Page 29 Making the Physical Connections 2-7 When this happens... the LEDs... when link is detected 14 though 21 are solid green. when data is received on their respective ports 14 though 21 ﬂash green...
Page 30 2-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 31: Chapter 3 - Setting Up Your Router With The Smartstart Wizard
Once you’ve connected your router to your computer and your telecommunications line and installed a web browser, you’re ready to run the Netopia SmartStart™ Wizard. The SmartStart Wizard will help you set up the router and share the connection. The SmartStart Wizard walks you through a series of questions and based on your responses automatically conﬁgures the router for connecting your LAN to the Internet or to your remote...
Page 32 SmartStart, in case you do not want to use the dynamic addressing features built in to the Netopia Router and need to restore the ﬁxed IP address.
Page 33: Setting Up Your Router With The Smartstart Wizard
The SmartStart Wizard presents a series of screens to guide you through the preliminary conﬁguration of a Netopia R2121. It will then create a connection proﬁle using the information you supply to it. Welcome screen. The ﬁrst screen welcomes you to the SmartStart Wizard conﬁguration utility.
Page 34: Easy Option
Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the router and the computer properly, using the correct cables. Refer to the Step 1 “Connect the Router” sheet in your Netopia R2121 documentation folio. Make sure the router is turned on and that there is an Ethernet connection between your computer and the router.
Page 35 ISP Automation or Manual Entry. Options are explained below. Make your selection and click Next. If you select ISP Automation, SmartStart offers you the option of choosing one of several Netopia ISP partners that support the Netopia R2121. You then see the page 3-5.
Page 36 3-6 User’s Reference Guide with: Your dial-up number, sometimes referred to as an ISP POP number Your Login name and Password. (These are case-sensitive.) Note: Your ISP may provide you with additional values such as “Remote IP Gateway” or “Subnet Mask.” These entries are not required for the SmartStart Wizard to conﬁgure your router.
Page 37 Connection Proﬁle Test screen. SmartStart tests your connection proﬁle by attempting to connect to your ISP. To test the connection proﬁle with your ISP, click Next. While the test is running, SmartStart reports its progress in a brief succession of dialog boxes as described below. Available Line Test Progress screen.
Page 38: Advanced Option
3-8 User’s Reference Guide Advanced option Router IP Address screen. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on page 3-4, SmartStart asks you to choose between entering the router’s current IP address and assigning an IP address to the router.
Page 39: Sharing The Connection
Remember, the serial number is on the bottom of the router. It is also found in your documentation folio. Note: Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia R2121’s IP address serving capabilities, if you assign an IP address and subnet mask outside the router’s current...
Page 40 3-10 User’s Reference Guide Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended) If you conﬁgure your Netopia R2121 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server, which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. If your PC is not set for dynamic addressing, SmartStart will offer to do this for you when you launch it.
Page 41 Static conﬁguration (optional) If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following: Go to Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen (shown below), select the IP Address tab.
Page 42 Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter 192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia R2121’s pre-assigned IP address. Click OK in this window, and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
Page 43: Conﬁguring Tcp/Ip On Macintosh Computers
Macintosh. Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended) If you conﬁgure your Netopia R2121 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. To conﬁgure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following: Go to the Apple menu.
Page 44 3-14 User’s Reference Guide Static conﬁguration (optional) If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following: Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP or MacTCP. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode.
Page 45 If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleTalk feature set kit. Note: You cannot use MacIP dynamic conﬁguration to conﬁgure your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router because you must ﬁrst conﬁgure the router in order to enable AppleTalk.
Page 46 These are the only ﬁelds you need to modify in these screens. Note: More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia R2121 can be found in Technote NIR_026, “Open Transport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.
Page 47: Chapter 4 - Monitoring With Smartview
M M M M o o o o n n n n i i i i t t t t o o o o r r r r i i i i n n n n g g g g w w w w i i i i t t t t h h h h S S S S m m m m a a a a r r r r t t t t V V V V i i i i e e e e w w w w This chapter discusses SmartView, the Netopia R2121’s device and network web-based monitoring tool. This tool can provide statistical information, report on current network status, record events, and help in diagnosing and locating problems.
Page 48: Navigating Smartview
In addition to the static machine information about your router, such as model and ﬁrmware version, SmartView displays a real-time visual representation of the Netopia R2121’s status lights (LEDs). This is particularly useful if the router is located out of visual range, such as in a wiring closet.
Page 49: Connection Proﬁles Page
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia R2121’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shut down or reset.
Page 50 4-4 User’s Reference Guide Device Event History page WAN Event History page...
Page 51: Standard Html Web-Based Monitoring Pages
To view Event Histories, click the Statistics icon. To go to SmartView, if your browser is Java-enabled, click the SmartView icon. For information on other advanced monitoring tools built into your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router, see “Monitoring Tools” on page 13-1.
Page 52 4-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 53: Chapter 5 — Connecting Your Local Area Network
Before connecting the Netopia R2121 to any AppleTalk LANs that contain other AppleTalk routers, you should read “Routers and seeding” on page 12-3. See the sections later in this chapter for details on how to connect the Netopia R2121 to different types of networks. Readying computers on your local network PC and Macintosh computers must have certain components installed before they can communicate through the Netopia R2121.
Page 54 TCP/IP stack: This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh communicate using Internet protocols. TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia R2121. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers”...
Page 55: Connecting To An Ethernet Network
The Netopia R2121 supports Ethernet connections through its eight Ethernet ports. The Router automatically detects which Ethernet port is in use. You can connect either 10Base-T or EtherWave Ethernet networks to the Netopia R2121. The following table displays some important attributes of these types of Ethernet.
Page 56: 10Base-T
Ethernet The Netopia R2121 in a 10Base-T network To connect your 10Base-T network to the Netopia R2121 through an Ethernet port, use a 10Base-T cable with RJ-45 connectors. If you have more than eight devices to connect, you can attach additional devices using either a 10Base-T hub or an EtherWave™...
Page 57: Adding A Third Modem
If you add devices connected through a hub, connect the hub to Ethernet port number 1 on the Netopia R2121 and set the Normal/Uplink switch to Uplink. When there are no more free ports on the 10Base-T hub, the network can be extended using EtherWave, a daisy-chainable Ethernet solution from Farallon.
Page 58: Connecting To A Localtalk Network
HD-15 (female) Connect the male HD-15 end of the LocalTalk cable to the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R2121. Connect the other end of the cable to your LocalTalk network. You can use only one connection on the Auxiliary port. You cannot use both the PhoneNET connector and an external modem.
Page 59: Wiring Guidelines For Phonenet Cabling
Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling Topology daisy chain backbone 4-branch passive star* LocalTalk StarController 12-branch active star * distance is per branch Note: Make sure you do not connect your LocalTalk network to a Telco port or a POTS (Phone 1 and 2) port. For detailed conﬁguration instructions see Connecting Your Local Area Network 5-7 22 gauge...
Page 60 5-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 61 P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t I I I I I I I I : : : : A A A A d d d d v v v v a a a a n n n n c c c c e e e e d d d d C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f i i i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t i i i i o o o o n n n n...
Page 62 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 63: Chapter 6 - Console-Based Management
C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o l l l l e e e e - - - - b b b b a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g e e e e m m m m e e e e n n n n t t t t Console-based management is a menu-driven interface for the capabilities built in to the Netopia R2121.
Page 64: Connecting Through A Telnet Session
“Quick View status overview” on page 13-1 Connecting through a Telnet session Features of the Netopia R2121 may be conﬁgured through the console screens. Before you can access the console screens through Telnet, you must have: a network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router through the WAN port. This could be the same connection as the one you used with SmartStart.
Page 65: Conﬁguring Telnet Software
ZTerm, included on the Netopia CD, for the Macintosh. The Netopia R2121 back panel has a connector labeled “Console” for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer. (On a Macintosh, the serial port is called the Modem port or the Printer port.) This connection lets you use the computer to conﬁgure and monitor the Netopia R2121...
Page 66: Navigating Through The Console Screens
The new baud rate is displayed at the bottom of the screen. Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R2121’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens.
Page 67: Chapter 7 - Easy Setup
E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router.
Page 68 If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: the computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia R2121’s “Console” port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports. See console cable to your router”...
Page 69: Beginning Easy Setup
ISP or a corporate site. On a Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16. See “Creating a new Connection Proﬁle” on page Select Number to Dial and enter the telephone number you received from your ISP.
Page 70: Ip Easy Setup
However, you may enter another address if you want to use static addressing. When using numbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use its local WAN IP address and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Both routers have WAN IP addresses and subnet masks associated with the connection.
Page 71 Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address your ISP has given you. The Default IP Gateway defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP trafﬁc, it forwards that trafﬁc to this gateway.
Page 72: Easy Setup Security
PREVIOUS SCREEN Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here. The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia R2121, so the conﬁguration settings take effect. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 73: Chapter 8 — Wan And System Conﬁguration
This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.
Page 74: Creating A New Connection Proﬁle
Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.
Page 75 Address Translation Enabled: Local WAN IP Address: Remote IP Address: Remote IP Mask: Filter Set... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Toggle to Yes if this is a single IP address ISP account. Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here. Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape.
Page 76 8-4 User’s Reference Guide Select Datalink Options and press Return. The Datalink Options screen appears. Data Compression... Send Authentication... Send User Name: Send Password: Receive User Name: Receive Password: Channel Usage... Bandwidth Allocation... Maximum Packet Size: In this Screen you will configure the PPP/MP specific connection params. You can accept the defaults, or change them if you wish.
Page 77 The Channel Usage pop-up menu allows you to choose how many lines your connections may use, and whether or not they are preemptable. Supported options are: Option Dynamic 1-Channel 2-Channels 2-Channel Preemptable 3-Channels 3-Channel Preemptable Note: The Bandwidth Allocation pop-up options are: Off, Auto, BAP or MP+. BAP is the default. You should only choose one of the other options if you are speciﬁcally advised to do so by your ISP or administrator.
Page 78: Viewing Or Editing Connection Proﬁles
8-6 User’s Reference Guide add an alternate number to use if the ﬁrst number fails to connect change any of the default parameter settings When you are ﬁnished with these entries, press Escape to return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen. Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return.
Page 79: Deleting Connection Proﬁles
Select the connection proﬁle you want to view or edit and press Return. The proﬁle is displayed, and you can change any of the parameters. Changes take effect immediately without rebooting the router. Profile Name: Profile Enabled: IP Enabled: IP Profile Parameters... IPX Enabled: Data Link Encapsulation is Data Link Options...
Page 80: System Conﬁguration Screens
6-3) You can also retrieve the Netopia R2121’s conﬁguration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol (see Open a Telnet connection to the IP address you set in the router with SmartStart, for example “192.168.1.1.”...
Page 81: System Conﬁguration Features
To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key. System Conﬁguration features SmartStart may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia R2121. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections that SmartStart automatically chooses. For these users, the Netopia R2121 provides System Conﬁguration options.
Page 82 8-10 User’s Reference Guide Layer Category Datalink Layer PPP/MP Parameters Physical Layer Telco Parameters To access the System Conﬁguration screens, select System Conﬁguration in the Main Menu, then press Return. The System Conﬁguration Menu screen appears: Return/Enter to configure Networking Protocols (such as TCP/IP). Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup.
Page 83: Network Protocols Setup
Network Protocols Setup These screens allow you to conﬁgure your network’s use of the standard networking protocols: IP: details are given in “IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address Translation” on page IPX: details are given in “IPX Setup” on page 11-1. AppleTalk: details are given in Note: AppleTalk requires the optional AppleTalk feature expansion kit.
Page 84: Console Conﬁguration
8-12 User’s Reference Guide Select Current Date and enter the date in the appropriate format. Use one- or two-digit numbers for the month and day, and the last two digits of the current year. The date’s numbers must be separated by forward slashes (/).
Page 85: Snmp (Simple Network Management Protocol)
You can upgrade your Netopia R2121 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia web site at www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia R2121.
Page 86: Installing The Syslog Client
You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up. Installing the Syslog client The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be conﬁgured to report the WAN events you speciﬁed in the Logging Conﬁguration screen.
Page 87 The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events: 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com...
Page 88 8-16 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 89 It is also useful for once-only connections that you want to schedule in advance. The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router can answer calls as well as initiate them. To answer calls, the Netopia R2121 uses a Default Answer Proﬁle. The Default Answer Proﬁle controls how incoming calls are set up, authenticated, ﬁltered, and more.
Page 90: Specifying Telephone Connections
9-2 User’s Reference Guide Specifying telephone connections You can conﬁgure telephone connections in the WAN Conﬁguration screen under the Main Menu. Select WAN (Wide Area Network) Setup. Return/Enter for WAN line configuration. From here you will configure yours and the remote sites' WAN information. The Internal Modem Conﬁguration screen appears.
Page 91 Allows carrier tones to be heard, as well. You can specify how to use the auxiliary serial port on the Netopia R2121’s back panel. By default, this port is enabled for an external asynchronous modem. If you have installed the optional AppleTalk feature set, then this port defaults to a LocalTalk connection.
Page 92: Default Answer Proﬁle For Dial-In Connections
Default Answer Proﬁle for Dial-in Connections The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router can answer calls as well as initiate them. To answer calls, the Netopia R2121 uses a Default Answer Proﬁle. The Default Answer Proﬁle controls how incoming calls are set up, authenticated, ﬁltered, and more.
Page 93 Required: Authentication is attempted if the calling number is available. If authentication fails, or the calling number is not available, the Netopia Router disconnects the caller. Use this setting if you require all calls to be CNA-authenticated. Calling Number Authentication (CNA), is an application of CallerID. It is a method of verifying that an incoming call is originating from an expected site.
Page 94 If a remote network has a non-standard mask (that is, it uses subnetting), the only way for it to successfully connect to the Netopia Router is by matching a connection proﬁle. In other words, you will have to set up a connection proﬁle for that network.If Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle is set to No, you can also set the...
Page 95: Scheduled Connections
Call acceptance scenarios The following are a few common call acceptance scenarios and information on how to conﬁgure the Netopia R2121 for those purposes. To accept all calls, regardless of whether they match a connection proﬁle: Toggle Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle to No.
Page 96 9-8 User’s Reference Guide Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections. Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table. +-Days----Begin At---HH:MM---When----Conn.
Page 97 The other columns show: The time of day that the connection will Begin At The duration of the connection (HH:MM) Whether it’s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only Which connection proﬁle (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time.
Page 98 9-10 User’s Reference Guide Only from the pop-up menu. The Schedule Type item directly below How Often allows you to set the type of schedule. Options are:. Selection: Forced Up Forced Down Demand-Allowed Demand-Blocked Periodic If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below Schedule Type reads Set Weekly Schedule. If How Often is set to Once Only, the item directly below How Often reads Set Once-Only Schedule.
Page 99 1:3 (or 1:03) would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o’clock. The entry 7:0 (or 7:00) would be accepted as seven o’clock, exactly. The entries 44, :5, and 2: would be rejected. Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM from the pop-up menu. Select Scheduled Window Duration Per Day and enter the maximum duration allowed for this scheduled connection, per call.
Page 100: Cost Control Feature -- Call Accounting
Escape key. Cost control feature -- call accounting The Netopia R2121 offers system-wide and per connection proﬁle call accounting to track ﬁrst minutes and additional minutes, for initiated data and voice calls. Main Menu To go to the Call Accounting screen, select Call Accounting Conﬁguration in the WAN Conﬁguration screen.
Page 101 Enable Call Accounting: Day for auto-reset of timers: Maximum Aggregate connect time: To enable call accounting, follow these steps: Select Enable Call Accounting and toggle it to On. Select Day for auto-reset of timers and enter the day of the month for the Router to reset the Call Account- ing Statistics.
Page 102: Viewing Call Accounting Statistics
9-14 User’s Reference Guide Once you have enabled Call Accounting, you can specify per-connection proﬁle limits in the Telco Options for each proﬁle. Go to: Main Menu Configuration Dial... Dialing Prefix: Number to Dial: Alternate Site to Dial: Dial on Demand: Idle Timeout (seconds): CNA Validation Number: Callback:...
Page 103 The Call Accounting Statistics screen appears. If you select Aggregate Statistics, the following screen appears. Total First Minutes: Total Additional Time (HH:MM): Remaining Time (HH:MM): Trigger Date(MDY): Hit Return or Enter to reset Total First/Additional Time. Total First Minutes displays the total number of ﬁrst minutes of outbound calls placed during the recording interval.
Page 104 9-16 User’s Reference Guide enabled, the message will read, Aggregate Not Enforced. Trigger Date (MDY) displays the date, in month, day, year format, when the call accounting begins. You can reset the counters by selecting RESET AGGREGATE MINUTE COUNTERS. A dialog box will ask you to conﬁrm the reset.
Page 105: Chapter 10 - Ip Setup, Smartip And Network Address Translation
I I I I P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p , , , , S S S S m m m m a a a a r r r r t t t t I I I I P P P P a a a a n n n n d d d d N N N N e e e e t t t t w w w w o o o o r r r r k k k k A A A A d d d d d d d d r r r r e e e e s s s s s s s s T T T T r r r r a a a a n n n n s s s s l l l l a a a a t t t t i i i i o o o o n n n n The Netopia R2121 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the Router to route IP trafﬁc.
Page 106 Connection Proﬁles simultaneously to connect to two or more networks. Each proﬁle may have Network Address Translation enabled. When Network Address Translation is enabled, the Netopia R2121 can either use a statically assigned IP address, or one dynamically assigned each time the router connects to the ISP. While a dynamically assigned IP address offers the ISP more ﬂexibility, it does have an important limitation.
Page 107: Using Network Address Translation
Pick a network number for your local network (referred to as the internal network). This can be any IP address range you want. The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router has a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. You may choose to change this address to match a pre-existing addressing scheme. For this example, we will use 10.0.0.0.
Page 108 ISP assigns an address each time you connect. However, if you want to use static addressing you may enter a speciﬁc address. When your Netopia R2121 connects to the ISP, the remote router assigns your Netopia R2121 an IP address that external users use to communicate with your network.
Page 109: Associating Port Numbers To Nodes
Telnet uses port number 23 SNMP uses port number 161 To help direct incoming IP trafﬁc to the appropriate server, the Netopia R2121 lets you associate these and other port numbers to distinct IP addresses on your internal LAN using Exported Services. See page 10-6 for details.
Page 110: Ip Setup
Main Menu The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia R2121. The information you enter here controls how the Router routes IP trafﬁc. Consult your network administrator or Internet Service Provider to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP Address, Ethernet Subnet Mask, Default IP Gateway and DNS Server IP Address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen.
Page 111 Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway. This can be the address of any major router accessible to the Netopia R2121. A default gateway should be able to successfully route packets when the Netopia R2121 cannot recognize the intended recipient’s IP address. A typical example of a default gateway is the ISP’s router.
Page 112 Select any of the services/ports and press Return to associate it with the address of a server on your local area network. For example, if we select www-http 80, press Return, and type 10.0.0.2. The Netopia R2121 will then redirect any incoming trafﬁc destined for a Web server to address 10.0.0.2.
Page 113 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet network that the Netopia R2121 needs to recognize. If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1, v2, or Both from the popup menu. With Receive RIP set to “v1,” the Netopia R2121’s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask.
Page 114: Ip Subnets
ﬁelds to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to conﬁgure an additional subnet. All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured. To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia R2121’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a IP Subnets...
Page 115 particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row. For example: IP Address ---------------- 192.128.117.162 192.128.152.162 0.0.0.0 To delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return or Enter to commit the change.
Page 116: Static Routes
Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia R2121 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia R2121 (see Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of ﬁnding the...
Page 117 Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens. Viewing static routes To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route in the Static Routes screen. +-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 +------------------------------------------------------------------+ Select a Static Route to modify. The table has the following columns: Dest.
Page 118 Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network. Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia R2121 will use to reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.
Page 119 Rules of static route installation The Netopia R2121 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table. An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true: The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address matches the IP address used by a connection proﬁle or the...
Page 120: Ip Address Serving
Menu Configuration In addition to being a router, the Netopia R2121 is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses. The ﬁrst, called Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), is widely supported on PC networks, as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system.
Page 121 DHCP, BOOTP, Dynamic WAN, and/or MacIP. Example: Your ISP has given your Netopia R2121 the IP address 192.168.6.137, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248. The subnet mask allocated will give you six IP addresses to use when connecting to the ISP over the Internet (for more information on understanding IP addressing refer to “Understanding IP...
Page 122: Dhcp Netbios Options
10-18 User’s Reference Guide DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R2121 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with speciﬁc hardware.
Page 123 Note: Addresses assigned through BOOTP are permanently allocated from the IP Address Serving pool until you release them. To view all of the IP addresses currently being served by the Netopia R2121, from the Statistics & Logs menu select Served IP Addresses.
Page 124 10-20 User’s Reference Guide The Served IP Addresses screen appears. -IP Address-------Type----Expires--Client Identifier-------------------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.105 192.168.1.106 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.109 192.168.1.110 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 192.168.1.113 ---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN---------------------------------- Lease Management... EN = Ethernet Address; AT = AppleTalk Address; CP = Profile Name; HX = hex To release these addresses, select Lease Management.
Page 125: Macip (Kip Forwarding) Options
Select MacIP/KIP Static Options and press Return. The MacIP (KIP) Forwarding Setup screen tells the Netopia R2121 how many static addresses to allocate for MacIP/KIP clients. The addresses must fall within the address pool from the previous screen. You will need to enter the number of static MacIP addresses to reserve in this screen.
Page 126 10-22 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 127: Chapter 11 - Ipx Setup
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network protocol used by Novell NetWare networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the Netopia R2121 for routing data using IPX. You also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IPX network addresses.
Page 128: Ipx Address
11-2 User’s Reference Guide IPX address An IPX address consists of a network number, a node number, and a socket number. An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a particular physical network segment.
Page 129: Netbios
IPX Spooﬁng The Netopia R2121 has several IPX features designed to restrict the trafﬁc on the dial-up link when the unit is not sending or receiving IPX data. When the link is idle and a user is logged into a Novell server, the server will send “keep alive”...
Page 130 IPX network to only those required by remote users connecting to the Netopia R2121. An Ethernet SAP ﬁlter must be used with networks that have so many servers advertised that the Netopia R2121 would otherwise exhaust its internal memory storing server entries.
Page 131: Ipx In The Answer Proﬁle
Select Default Gateway Address, and enter the network address of the IPX network to which all packets of unknown destination address should be routed. Note: The Default Gateway Address is usually set up to match the IPX Address in your network Connection Proﬁle.
Page 132 11-6 User’s Reference Guide To conﬁgure IPX routing in the answer proﬁle, select IPX Parameters and go to the IPX Parameters (Default Answer Proﬁle) screen. The items in this screen are similar to the IPX Proﬁle Parameters items of the same name (see page 11-5).
Page 133: Ipx Routing Tables
IPX routing tables Main Menu IPX routing tables provide information on current IPX routes and services. To go to the IPX Routing Table screen, select IPX Routing Table in the Routing Tables screen. This table shows detailed information about current IPX network routes. Net Addr-Hops-Ticks-Type--Status-Interface--------------via Router------------ -----------------------------------SCROLL UP---------------------------------- 00000020...
Page 134 11-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 135: Chapter 12 - Appletalk Setup
This chapter discusses the concept of AppleTalk routing and how to conﬁgure AppleTalk Setup for a Netopia R2121 with the AppleTalk kit installed. AppleTalk support is available as a separate kit for the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router. Skip this chapter if you do not have the AppleTalk kit.
Page 136 AppleTalk tells them apart according to an additional part of their addresses: the network number. The Netopia R2121 assigns a unique network number to each member network. In terms of the city street metaphor, the network number is similar to the name of the street. Putting a network number together with a node number fully speciﬁes the address of a node on an internet.
Page 137: Macip
When two networks using AppleTalk communicate with each other through a network based on the Internet Protocol, they are said to be tunneling through the IP network. The Netopia R2121 uses AURP to allow your AppleTalk network to tunnel to designated AppleTalk partner networks, as well as to accept connections from remote AppleTalk networks tunneling to your AppleTalk LAN.
Page 138: Installing Appletalk
You should set the Netopia R2121’s seeding action to work best in your particular network environment. These scenarios may guide you in deciding how to set the router’s seeding: If the Netopia R2121 is the only router on your network, you must set it to either hard seeding or soft seeding. The default is soft seeding.
Page 139 Main Menu The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade screen appears. You may be able to extend the features of your Netopia by purchasing a 'Software Upgrade'. notes that came with your Netopia or visit the Netopia Communications web site at www.netopia.com.
Page 140: Conﬁguring Appletalk
Otherwise, your EtherTalk network may experience routing conﬂicts. The Netopia R2121 supports creating up to 32 zone names. As an alternative, you can set EtherTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R2121 receive the zone name and network number from the other router.
Page 141: Localtalk Setup
Note: Your LocalTalk network may already have a zone and network number in place. For the Netopia R2121’s LocalTalk port to be part of your LocalTalk network, it must have a network number and zone name that matches the values in use on the LocalTalk network.
Page 142: Aurp Setup
12-8 User’s Reference Guide As an alternative, you can set LocalTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R2121 receive the zone name and network number from the other router. Select LocalTalk Network Number and enter the desired network number.
Page 143 Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones deﬁned on the EtherTalk port and a unique zone on their LocalTalk ports. If side A has indicated one of its EtherTalk zones is the Free Trade Zone and has opted to use the Free Trade Zone option for its tunnel to B, then only this Free Trade Zone will show up on side B and only those machines or services in the Free Trade Zone will be accessible to side B.
Page 144 The AURP tickle timer is a parameter that you can set anywhere between 0 and 100 hours. This parameter tells the AURP partners when to send out an AURP tickle packet. If this value is set to 0, the Netopia R2121 will never send out a tickle packet.
Page 145 Update Interval every time there's such a change in the network topology. This will cause the Netopia's WAN link to be brought up. You can opt to minimize what may be unnecessary calls by changing the Update Interval value to some larger value. At the end of this time window if there has been a local AppleTalk network change the Netopia R2121 will call any remote AURP partner and forward the new network information.
Page 146 12-12 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 147: Chapter 13 — Monitoring Tools
“SNMP” on page 13-13 Quick View status overview You can get a useful, overall status report from the Netopia R2121 in the Quick View screen. To go to the Quick View screen, select Quick View in the Main Menu. The Quick View screen has three status sections:...
Page 148: General Status
IPX Address: The Netopia R2121’s IPX address, entered in the IPX Setup screen. EtherTalk Address: The Netopia R2121’s AppleTalk address on its EtherTalk Phase II interface, entered in the EtherTalk Phase II Setup screen (only if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed).
Page 149: Current Status
ISDN caller identiﬁcation (if available). Status lights This section shows the current real-time status of the Netopia R2121’s status lights (LEDs). It is useful for remotely monitoring the router’s status. The Quick View screen’s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router.
Page 150: Statistics & Logs
Main Menu When you are troubleshooting your Netopia R2121, the Statistics screens provide insight into the recent event activities of the Router. From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below.
Page 151: Event Histories
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia R2121’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shut down or reset.
Page 152 13-6 User’s Reference Guide WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. To go to the WAN Event History screen, select WAN Event History in the Statistics & Logs screen. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 11/22/98 01:56:49...
Page 153 Date: Date of the event. Event: A brief description of the event. Ch.: The channel involved in the event. Dir. Number: The directory number (number dialed) involved in the event. The ﬁrst event in each call sequence is marked with double arrows (>>). Failures are marked with an asterisk (*).
Page 154: Routing Tables
Return. Routing Tables You can view all of the IP, IPX and AppleTalk routes in the Netopia R2121’s IP, IPX and AppleTalk routing tables, respectively. To go to a Routing Table screen, select the Routing Table you are interested in from the Statistics & Logs screen.
Page 155 IPX Sap Bindery table The IPX Sap Bindery table displays all of the IPX Sap Bindery routes currently known to the Netopia R2121. To display the IPX SAP Bindery Table screen, select IPX Sap Bindery Table in the Statistics & Logs screen and press Return.
Page 156 AppleTalk network (e.g.: LocalTalk or EtherTalk Phase II). An IP address is displayed if the Netopia R2121 is connected to the router shown using AURP. IP address means a connection transports over AURP (AppleTalk encapsulated IP).
Page 157: Served Ip Addresses
Pkts Fwded: The number of packets sent to the router shown. Served IP Addresses You can view all of the IP addresses currently being served by the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router from the Served IP Addresses screen. From the Statistics & Logs menu, select Served IP Addresses.
Page 158 13-12 User’s Reference Guide The IP Address Lease Management screen appears. Reset All Leases Release BootP Leases Reclaim Declined Addresses Hit RETURN/ENTER, you will return to the previous screen. By selecting each of these options you can: Reset all current IP addresses leased through DHCP without waiting for the default one hour lease period to elapse Release BootP leases that may be in place, and which may no longer be required Reclaim served leases that have been declined, for example by devices which may no longer be on the...
Page 159: System Information
AppleTalk MIB-I (RFC 1243) Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia R2121 CD included with the Netopia R2121. You should load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here. Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs.
Page 160: The Snmp Setup Screen
Select System Contact and enter the name of the person responsible for maintaining the router. System Name, System Location, and System Contact set the values returned by the Netopia R2121 SNMP agent for the SysName, SysLocation, and SysContact objects, respectively, in the MIB-II system group. Although optional, the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efﬁciently.
Page 161: Snmp Traps
SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent (in this case, the Netopia R2121) to a manager. When a manager receives a trap, it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own.
Page 162 13-16 User’s Reference Guide Return/Enter to modify an existing Trap Receiver. Navigate from here to view, add, modify and delete IP Trap Receivers. Setting the IP trap receivers Select Add IP Trap Receiver. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name. Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap.
Page 163: Chapter 14 - Security
S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r i i i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia R2121 provides a number of security features to help protect its conﬁguration screens and your local network from unauthorized access.
Page 164: User Accounts
14-2 User’s Reference Guide User accounts When you ﬁrst set up and conﬁgure the Netopia R2121, no passwords are required to access the conﬁguration screens. Anyone could tamper with the router’s conﬁguration by simply connecting it to a console. However, by adding user accounts, you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access. User accounts are composed of name/password combinations that can be given to authorized users.
Page 165: Dial-In Console Access
Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to either internal modem line and establish a remote console session, even though they are not using PPP. This allows Netopia Inc.'s “Up and Running, Guaranteed!” department or other administrator with the appropriate security to remotely conﬁgure your router for you. If you used SmartStart to conﬁgure your router, this option will be set to “No”.
Page 166: Enable Smartstart/Smartview/Web Server
SmartStart. To prevent access to these features toggle this option to “No”. Telnet access Telnet is a TCP/IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network. The Netopia R2121 supports Telnet access to its conﬁguration screens. Caution! You should consider password-protecting or restricting Telnet access to the Netopia R2121 if you suspect there is a chance of tampering.
Page 167: How Filter Sets Work
Security 14-5 How ﬁlter sets work A ﬁlter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each ﬁlter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects every package individually. Each inspector has a speciﬁc task.
Page 168 14-6 User’s Reference Guide If the package does not match the ﬁrst inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector, and so on. You can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important. For example, let’s say the ﬁrst inspector’s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome, and the second inspector’s orders are to reject all packages that come from France.
Page 169: How Individual Filters Work
This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199.211.211.17. If a match occurs, the packet is blocked. Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a ﬁlter on the Netopia R2121: +-#--Source IP Addr--Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ 199.211.211.17...
Page 170 14-8 User’s Reference Guide Port numbers A ﬁlter can also match a packet’s port number attributes, but only if the ﬁlter’s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP, since only those protocols use port numbers. The ﬁlter can be conﬁgured to match the following: The source port number (the port on the sending host that originated the packet) The destination port number (the port on the receiving host that the packet is destined for) By matching on a port number, a ﬁlter can be applied to selected TCP or UDP services, such as Telnet, FTP, and...
Page 171 Greater Than or Equal: For the ﬁlter to match, the packet’s port number must be greater than or equal to the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter. Other ﬁlter attributes There are three other attributes to each ﬁlter: The ﬁlter’s order (i.e., priority) in the ﬁlter set Whether the ﬁlter is currently active Whether the ﬁlter is set to pass (forward) packets or to block (discard) packets Putting the parts together...
Page 172 14-10 User’s Reference Guide Protocol Src. Port: The source port to match. This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Port: The destination port to match. This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended. On?: Displays Yes when the ﬁlter is in effect or No when it is not.
Page 173: Design Guidelines
This four-step process is how we produced the following ﬁlter from the original rule: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.211.211.17 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Filtering example #2 Suppose a ﬁlter is conﬁgured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200.233.14.0, regardless of the type of connection or its destination.
Page 174: Working With Ip Filters And Filter Sets
14-12 User’s Reference Guide Disadvantages of ﬁlters Although using ﬁlter sets can greatly enhance network security, there are disadvantages: Filters are complex. Combining them in ﬁlter sets introduces subtle interactions, increasing the likelihood of implementation errors. Enabling a large number of ﬁlters can have a negative impact on performance. Processing of packets will take longer if they have to go through many checkpoints.
Page 175: Adding A Filter Set
Return/Enter to configure and add a new Filter Set Set Up IP Filter Sets (Firewalls) from this and the following Menus. The procedure for creating and maintaining ﬁlter sets is as follows: Add a new ﬁlter set. Create the ﬁlters for the new ﬁlter set. View, change, or delete individual ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets.
Page 176 14-14 User’s Reference Guide Filter Set Name: Display/Change Input Filter... Add Input Filter... Delete Input Filter... Display/Change Output Filter... Add Output Filter... Delete Output Filter... ADD FILTER SET Configure the Filter Set name and its associated Filters. Naming a new ﬁlter set All new ﬁlter sets have a default name.
Page 177 The Netopia R-series Router Packets in the Netopia R2121 pass through an input ﬁlter if they originate in the WAN and through an output ﬁlter if they’re being sent out to the WAN. The process for adding input and output ﬁlters is exactly the same. The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination.
Page 178 14-16 User’s Reference Guide Enter the IP specific information for this filter. To make the ﬁlter active in the ﬁlter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Yes. If Enabled is toggled to No, the ﬁlter can still exist in the ﬁlter set, but it will have no effect. If you want the ﬁlter to forward packets that match its criteria to the destination IP address, select Forward and toggle it to Yes.
Page 179: Viewing Filter Sets
10. When you are ﬁnished conﬁguring the ﬁlter, select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the ﬁlter in the ﬁlter set. Select CANCEL to discard the ﬁlter. Viewing ﬁlters To display a view-only table of input (output) ﬁlters, select Display/Change Input Filters (Display/Change Output Filters) in the Add IP Filter Set screen.
Page 180: Modifying Filter Sets
ﬁlter set. A sample IP ﬁlter set This section contains the settings for a ﬁlter set, called Basic Firewall, which is part of the Netopia R2121’s factory conﬁguration. Basic Firewall blocks undesirable trafﬁc originating from the WAN (in most cases, the Internet), but passes all trafﬁc originating from the LAN.
Page 181 The ﬁve input ﬁlters and one output ﬁlter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below. Setting Input ﬁlter 1 Enabled Forward Source IP 0.0.0.0 address Source IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Protocol type...
Page 182 14-20 User’s Reference Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access servers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass WAN-originated TCP and UDP trafﬁc to ports greater than 1023.
Page 183 AURP tunnel. To allow an AURP tunnel between a remote AURP router with the IP address a.b.c.d (corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163.176.8.243) and a local AURP router (including the Netopia R2121 itself), insert the following input ﬁlter ahead of the current input ﬁlter 1: Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: a.b.c.d...
Page 184: Ipx Filters
14-22 User’s Reference Guide IPX ﬁlters Main Menu IPX packet ﬁlters work very similarly to IP packet ﬁlters. They ﬁlter data trafﬁc coming from or going to remote IPX networks. IPX ﬁlters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-deﬁned criteria.
Page 185: Ipx Packet Filters
The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen are grouped into four areas: IPX packet ﬁlters IPX packet ﬁlter sets IPX SAP ﬁlters IPX SAP ﬁlter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas. IPX packet ﬁlters For each IPX packet ﬁlter, you can conﬁgure a set of parameters to match on the source or destination attributes of IPX data packets coming from or going to the WAN.
Page 186: Ipx Packet Filter Sets
14-24 User’s Reference Guide Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the ﬁlter. To specify a source network for the ﬁlter to match on, select Source Network and enter an IPX network address. To specify a source node for the ﬁlter to match on, select Source Node Address and enter an IPX node address.
Page 187 Add Packet Filter Set Filter Set Name: Show Filters/Change Action on Match... Append Filter... Remove Filter... ADD FILTER SET NOW Configure an IPX Filter Set here. You must ADD FILTER SET NOW to save. Follow these steps to conﬁgure the new packet ﬁlter set: Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the ﬁlter set.
Page 188: Ipx Sap Filters
14-26 User’s Reference Guide To add a ﬁlter to the ﬁlter set, select Append Filter to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to add it to the ﬁlter set. The default action of newly added ﬁlters is to not forward packets that match their criteria.
Page 189 (no characters), and ? to match any single character in the server’s name. For example, the ﬁlter could match on the server name “NETOPIA” with “NETO*”, “NETO?IA”, and “NETOPIA*”. To specify a socket for the ﬁlter to match on, select Socket and enter an IPX socket number.
Page 190: Ipx Sap Filter Sets
14-28 User’s Reference Guide Deleting a SAP ﬁlter To delete a SAP ﬁlter, select Delete IPX SAP ﬁlter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to delete it. Press the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the ﬁlter.
Page 191 Set whether filters forward or drop matching packets here. Select a ﬁlter and toggle the entry forwarding action to Yes (pass) or No (discard). To add a ﬁlter to the ﬁlter set, select Append Filter to display a table of ﬁlters. Select a ﬁlter from the table and press Return to add it to the ﬁlter set.
Page 192: Firewall Tutorial
14-30 User’s Reference Guide Firewall tutorial General Firewall Terms Firewall: a component or set of components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet, or between two networks. Host: A workstation on the Network. Packet: Unit of communication on the Internet. Packet Filter: Packet ﬁlters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addresses, TCP or UDP ports, or the TCP ACK bit.
Page 193: Firewall Design Rules
Example TCP/UDP Ports TCP Port 20/21 Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to ﬁrewall design: “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The ﬁrst rule is far more secure, and is the best approach to ﬁrewall design. It is far easier (and more secure) to allow in or out only certain services and deny anything else.
Page 194 14-32 User’s Reference Guide and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP, the packet would pass through the ﬁrst ﬁlter rule (WWW), match the second rule (FTP) and the packet is allowed through. Even though the next rule is to deny all FTP trafﬁc, the FTP packet will never make it to this rule.
Page 195: Filter Basics
In the source or destination IP address ﬁelds, the IP address that is entered MUST be the NETWORK address of the subnet. A HOST address can be entered, but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits (255.255.255.255). The Netopia R2121 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports. These options are as follows:...
Page 196: Example Filters
Any port less than or equal to the port deﬁned Matches only the port deﬁned Matches the port or any port greater Matches anything greater than the port deﬁned. Incoming Packet Filter Netopia 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128 (Source IP Mask) Forward = No...
Page 197 This incoming IP packet (10000000) has a source IP address that does not match the network address in the Source IP Address ﬁeld (00000000) in the Netopia R2121. This rule WILL forward this packet because the packet does not match.
Page 198 14-36 User’s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R2121 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this rule does NOT match and this packet will be passed. Example 4 Filter Rule: Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.104...
Page 199: Token Security Authentication
Security 14-37 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R2121 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this rule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed. This rule masks off a SINGLE IP address.
Page 200: Security Authentication Components
Note: The Netopia R2121 currently only supports Ascend routers as ACMs. An external Netopia R2121 calling into a designated server. For example, a telecommuter dialing into a remote site from a Netopia R2121 interested in accessing personal email or ﬁle sharing services.
Page 201: Connecting Using Security Authentication
CACHE-TOKEN. Your network administrator or the remote network administrator will tell you which method to select. If you select PAP-TOKEN, select Send User Name and enter a name for your Netopia R2121. You will not need to enter a Send Password for PAP-TOKEN. Press Return.
Page 202 14-40 User’s Reference Guide Select Secure Authentication Monitor and press Return. The Secure Authentication Monitor screen appears. Wait for the call to initiate. Profile Name---State---%Use---Remote Address---Est.---More Info--- Status --- Passcode Required For Connection Profile: 0-Challenge: Enter PASSCODE: Passcode: From the ﬁelds that appear, select Enter PASSCODE and press Return. Enter your PIN and the code displayed on your security authentication token card LED.
Page 203 Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time interval determined by the network administrator. When this time interval expires, you must provide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using PAP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation. For a second call negotiation, you must enter the next passcode provided by the security authentication token card every 60 seconds.
Page 204 14-42 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 205: Chapter 15 — Utilities And Diagnostics
C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 U U U U t t t t i i i i l l l l i i i i t t t t i i i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D D i i i i a a a a g g g g n n n n o o o o s s s s t t t t i i i i c c c c s s s s A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes: “Ping”...
Page 206: Ping
(Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the target host receives a Ping packet, it returns a packet to the original sender. Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia R2121. You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test’s statistics.
Page 207 Ping packets. Note that the second return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia R2121 before the third Ping packet is sent. The ﬁrst and third return Ping packets are on time.
Page 208: Trace Route
The time-to-live (TTL) value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia R2121 is 255, the maximum allowed. The TTL value deﬁnes the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse. Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped, and a “destination unreachable”...
Page 209: Telnet Client
Select Timeout per probe (1..10 sec) to set when the trace will timeout for each hop, up to 10 seconds. The default is 3 seconds. Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router. The default is Yes.
Page 210: Secure Authentication Monitor
15-6 User’s Reference Guide The Telnet client screen appears. Host Name or IP Address: Control Character to Suspend: Enter the IP Address/Domain Name of a host. Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal format of the machine you want to telnet into and press Return.
Page 211: Disconnect Telnet Console Session
If you select Continue, you will immediately terminate your session. Factory defaults You can reset the Netopia R2121 to its factory default settings. Select the Revert to Factory Defaults item in the Statistics & Diagnostics screen and press Return. Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return.
Page 212: Updating Firmware
ﬁrmware governs how the modems communicate with the remote site. Modem ﬁrmware, for example to support the ITU V.90 standard, is included on your Netopia CD for XMODEM transfer and later updates will be available on the Netopia website. Router ﬁrmware updates are also periodically posted on the Netopia website.
Page 213: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
Some models do not support all ﬁrmware versions. Loading an incorrect ﬁrmware version can permanently damage the unit. Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R2121 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. If you choose to download the ﬁrmware, the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware.
Page 214: Uploading Conﬁguration Files
Using TFTP, you can send a ﬁle containing a snapshot of the Router’s current conﬁguration to a TFTP server. The ﬁle can then be downloaded by a different Netopia R2121 unit to conﬁgure its parameters (see conﬁguration ﬁles” on page 15-9).
Page 215: Updating Firmware
Send Firmware to Netopia Internal modem... Modem Firmware Status: Updating ﬁrmware Firmware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or from a site maintained by your organization’s network administration. The procedure below applies whether you are using the console or the built-in modems.
Page 216: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
The system will reset at the end of a successful ﬁle transfer to put the new ﬁrmware into effect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and off. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R2121 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles The Netopia R2121 can be conﬁgured by downloading a conﬁguration ﬁle.
Page 217: Restarting The System
You can restart the system by selecting the Restart System item in the Utilities & Diagnostics screen. You must restart the system whenever you reconﬁgure the Netopia R2121 and want the new parameter values to take effect. Under certain circumstances, restarting the system may also clear up system or network malfunctions.
Page 218 15-14 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 219 P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t I I I I I I I I I I I I : : : : A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d i i i i x x x x e e e e s s s s...
Page 220 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 221: Appendix A - Troubleshooting
Note: If you are attempting to modify the IP address or subnet mask from a previous, successful conﬁguration attempt, you will need to clear the IP address or reset your Netopia R2121 to the factory default before reinitiating the conﬁguration process. For further information on resetting your Netopia R2121 to factory default, see “Factory defaults”...
Page 222: Smartstart Troubleshooting
Problems communicating with remote IP hosts Verify the accuracy of the default gateway’s IP address (entered in the IP Setup or Easy Setup screen). Use the Netopia R2121’s ping utility, in the Statistics, Tests, Utilities screen, and try to ping local and remote hosts. See “Ping”...
Page 223: Power Outages
Power outages If you suspect that power was restored after a power outage, and the Netopia R2121 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R2121 off and then back on again. After temporary power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
Page 224 Netopia World Wide Web server via http://www.netopia.com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.netopia.com/pub FAX-Back This service provides technical notes which answer the most commonly asked questions, and offer solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products. FAX-Back: +1 510-814-5040...
Page 225: Appendix B - Setting Up Internet Services
During the setup session, the SmartStart setup application will provide you with a list of service providers who support the Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog. You can register with one of these ISPs as part of setting up your router.
Page 226: Unique Requirements
Setting up a Netopia R2121 account Check whether your ISP has the Netopia R2121 on a list of supported products that have been tested with a particular conﬁguration. If the ISP does not have the Netopia R2121 on such a list, describe the Netopia R2121 in as much detail as needed, so your ISP account can be optimized.
Page 227: Smartip
The Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog supports the SmartIP™ feature which includes Network Address Translation. Network Address Translation provides Internet access to the network connected to the Netopia R2121 using only a single IP address. These routers translate between the internal or local area network (LAN) addresses and a single external IP address and route accordingly.
Page 228 The Ethernet IP address for your Netopia R2121 The Ethernet IP subnet mask address for your Netopia R2121 The Default Gateway IP Address (same as Remote IP Address in most cases) Primary and Secondary Domain Name Server IP Addresses Domain Name (usually the same as the ISP’s domain name unless you have registered for your own...
Page 229: What I Ip?"
U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d i i i i n n n n g g g g I I I I P P P P A A A A d d d d d d d d r r r r e e e e s s s s s s s s i i i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is a brief general introduction to IP addressing. A basic understanding of IP will help you in conﬁguring the Netopia R2121 and using some of its powerful features, such as static routes and packet ﬁltering.
Page 230: Subnets And Subnet Masks
C-2 User’s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can vary, as long as certain rules are followed.
Page 231: Example: Using Subnets On A Class C Ip Internet
When setting up IP routing with a Class A Address, or even multiple Class C Addresses, subnetting is fairly straightforward. Subnetting a single Class C address between two networks, however, is more complex. This section describes the general procedures for subnetting a single Class C network between two Netopia routers so that each can have Internet access.
Page 232 Below is a diagram of a simple network conﬁguration. The ISP is providing a Class C address to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access through this address. Netopia R2121 B connects to Netopia R2121 A and is provided Internet access through Routers A and B.
Page 233: Example: Working With A Class C Subnet
ISP's equipment. The most important item in this conﬁguration is the Static Route deﬁned on Router B. This tells Router B what path to take to get to the network deﬁned by Netopia R2121 B. Without this information, Customer Site B will be able to access Customer Site A, but not the Internet.
Page 234: Technical Note On Subnet Masking
These two methods are not mutually exclusive; you can manually issue some of the addresses while the rest are distributed by the Netopia R2121. Using the Router in this way allows it to function as an address server. One reason to use the Netopia R2121 as an address server is that it takes less time than manually distributing the addresses.
Page 235: Conﬁguration
DHCP address lease for one hour. The number of devices a Netopia R2121 can serve DHCP to is 512. This is imposed by global limits on the size of the address serving database, which is shared by all address serving functions active in the router.
Page 236: Manually Distributing Ip Addresses
Clients (IPCP), is used to fulﬁll WAN client requirements The Netopia R2121 can use both DHCP and MacIP. Whether you use one or both will depend on your particular networking environment. If that environment includes both PCs and Macintosh computers that do not use Open Transport, you will need to use both DHCP and MacIP to distribute IP addresses to all of your computers.
Page 237: Tips And Rules For Distributing Ip Addresses
In any situation where a device is dialing into a Netopia router, the router may need to be conﬁgured to serve IP via the WAN interface. This is only a requirement if the calling device has not been conﬁgured locally to know what its address(es) are.
Page 238 (199.1.1.49, 199.1.1.50, and 199.1.1.51). Distributed to the (Ethernet IP address) Pool of Addresses Distributed Netopia R2121 Manually distributed (static) by MacIP and DHCP...
Page 239: Nested Ip Subnets
The ﬁgure at left shows a possible network conﬁguration following this scheme. The main network is set up with the Class C address a.b.c.0, and contains Router A (which could be a Netopia R2121), a Netopia R2121, and a number of other hosts. Router A maintains a link to the Internet, and may be used as the default gateway.
Page 240 Router C a.b.c.248 The Netopia R2121’s connection proﬁles for Routers B and C create entries in its IP routing table. One entry points to the subnet a.b.c.128, while a second entry points to the subnet a.b.c.248. The IP routing table might...
Page 241: Broadcasts
These two protocols specify two different ways to organize the very ﬁrst signals in the sequence of electrical signals that make up an IP packet travelling over Ethernet. By default, the Netopia R2121 uses Ethernet packet headers for IP trafﬁc. If your network requires 802.3 IP framing, you must conﬁgure this through SNMP.
Page 242 C-14 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 243: Network Conﬁguration
R2121 uses a one-to-many IP address mapping scheme, that is against a single IP address the Netopia R2121 acquires on its WAN interface the Netopia R2121 can proxy 14, 30, or an unlimited number of IP hosts on the LAN interface.
Page 244 192.168.5.1 and the address of the Router at the ISP is 200.1.1.1. Assuming that the addresses negotiated by the routers are valid and unique for the Internet, the Netopia R2121 and the hosts on its LAN would be able to access the Internet.
Page 245 Dst Port:: 5001 As you can see, the IP packet from Workstation A is sent to the Netopia R2121 and the source IP address is substituted with 200.1.1.40 and the source port is substituted with 5001, then the IP packet checksum is recalculated.
Page 246 5001 and the source port for Workstation B has been changed to 5002. If you were to look at the internal port mapping table that is maintained by the Netopia R2121, it would look similar to the following: Netopia Router LAN: 192.168.5.1...
Page 247: Appendix D - Understanding Netopia Nat Behavior
Exported Services are essentially user deﬁned pointers for a particular type of incoming TCP or UDP service from the WAN interface to a host on the local LAN interface. This is necessary since the Netopia R2121 and thus the attached local LAN has only one IP presence on the WAN interface and Internet. Exported Services allows the user to redirect one type of service, for example Port 21 (FTP), to a single host on the local LAN interface.
Page 248: Important Notes
Device Event History. When using NAT it is most likely that the Netopia R2121 will be receiving an IP address from a “pool” of dynamic IP addresses at the ISP. This means that the Netopia R2121's IP presence on the Internet will change with each connection.
Page 249 Toggling Address Translation Enabled to Yes enables the Netopia R2121 to send out an all-zeros IPCP address that requests an IP to be assigned to the Netopia R2121’s WAN interface. Note that the remote IP address is 127.0.0.2, which should also be the Default Gateway under IP Setup in System Conﬁguration. This is done for proﬁle matching purposes and because the IP address of the router the Netopia R2121 is dialing is not always...
Page 250: Summary
Summary NAT is a powerful feature of the Netopia R2121 and when used and set up properly can yield a secure network while only using one IP address on the WAN interface. Note that the addresses listed in this appendix are for demonstration purposes only.
Page 251: Appendix E - Binary Conversion Table
A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d i i i i x x x x E E E E B B B B i i i i n n n n a a a a r r r r y y y y C C C C o o o o n n n n v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s s i i i i o o o o n n n n T T T T a a a a b b b b l l l l e e e e This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP and MacIP networks that use subnetting for IP addresses.
Page 252 E-2 User’s Reference Guide Decimal Binary 10000000 10000001 10000010 10000011 10000100 10000101 10000110 10000111 10001000 10001001 10001010 10001011 10001100 10001101 10001110 10001111 10010000 10010001 10010010 10010011 10010100 10010101 10010110 10010111 10011000 10011001 10011010 10011011 10011100 10011101 10011110 10011111 Decimal Binary Decimal 10100000 10100001...
Page 253: Appendix F - Further Reading
Further Reading F-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d i i i i x x x x F F F F F F F F u u u u r r r r t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d i i i i n n n n g g g g Angell, David.
Page 254 F-2 User’s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Protocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Report, Vol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur. Macworld Networking Handbook . San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.; 1992. Joyce, S.T.
Page 255 Further Reading F-3 Rose, M.T. The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI . Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T. The Simple Book: An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Internets . Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991. Ross, F.E.
Page 256 F-4 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 257: Appendix G - Technical Speciﬁcations And Safety Information
A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d i i i i x x x x G G G G T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n i i i i c c c c a a a a l l l l S S S S p p p p e e e e c c c c i i i i f f f f i i i i c c c c a a a a t t t t i i i i o o o o n n n n s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S a a a a f f f f e e e e t t t t y y y y I I I I n n n n f f f f o o o o r r r r m m m m a a a a t t t t i i i i o o o o n n n n Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable Shield HD-15...
Page 258: Power Requirements
9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router has two RJ-45 jacks for modem connections; an 8 port 10Base-T Ethernet hub for your LAN connection; a DE-9 Console port; and an HD-15 Auxiliary port that can be used as either a serial or LocalTalk port.
Page 259: Software And Protocols
Diagnostics: PING, event logging, routing table displays, traceroute, statistics counters, Call Accounting Agency approvals The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router has met the safety standards (per CSA-950) of the Canadian Standards Association for Canada. The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router has met the safety standards (per UL-1950) of the Underwriters Laboratories for United States.
Page 260 It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 2470 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, California, 94501. Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components.
Page 261: Important Safety Instructions
Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak. Battery The Netopia R2121’s lithium battery is designed to last for the life of the product. The battery is not user-ser- viceable. Caution! Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
Page 262 G-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 263: Appendix H - About 56K Line Access
A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 K K K K L L L L i i i i n n n n e e e e A A A A c c c c c c c c e e e e s s s s s s s s The Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog is capable of 56Kbps per line connections. This means that if you use both onboard modems, you can achieve inbound data transfer rates of up to 112Kbps.
Page 264 Internet Service Provider, but simply a fact of life in trying to extend the limitations of noisy analog telephone lines. The Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog ships with the uniﬁed ITU V.90 standard ﬁrmware, also known as V.PCM, which merges the K56ﬂex standard with the competing x2 standard. K56ﬂex ﬁrmware can be found on the Netopia CD for XMODEM transfer to the onboard modems, if your ISP supports that technology.
Page 265: Glossary 1
Glossary 1 G G G G l l l l o o o o s s s s s s s s a a a a r r r r y y y y Access Line: A telephone line reaching from the telephone company central ofﬁce to a point usually on your premises.
Page 266 CNA (Calling Number Authentication): A security feature that will reject an incoming call if it does not match the Calling Number ﬁeld in one of the Netopia ISDN Router’s Connection Proﬁles. CND (Calling Number Delivery): Also known as caller ID, a feature that allows the Called Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive a calling party’s directory number during the call establishment phase.
Page 267 LocalTalk networks are compatible with Phase II but are not extended because a single LocalTalk network cannot have multiple network numbers or multiple zone names. ﬁrmware: System software stored in a device’s memory that controls the device. The Netopia ISDN Router’s ﬁrmware can be updated.
Page 268 4 User’s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by routers. This is a general term, not to be confused with the large, multi-organizational collection of IP networks known as the Internet. An internet is sometimes also known as an internetwork.
Page 269 Glossary 5 NAT (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP address, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
Page 270 A physical or logical connection between a router and a network. Where a network only allows the use of one protocol, each physical connection corresponds to one logical router port. An example is the Netopia ISDN Router’s LocalTalk port. Where a network allows the use of several protocols, each physical connection may correspond to several logical router ports—one for each protocol used.
Page 271 WANs can span a state, a country, or even the world. WAN IP: In addition to being a router, the Netopia ISDN Router is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses over the WAN which include: DHCP, BOOTP, IPCP and MacIP. WAN IP is a feature for both the Small Ofﬁce and Corporate Netopia ISDN Router models.
Page 272 8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 273 I I I I n n n n d d d d e e e e x x x x Numerics 10Base-T 5-4 10Base-T, connecting 5-4 Add Static Route 10-14 Adding a ﬁlter set 14-13 advanced conﬁguration features 8-9 answer proﬁle call acceptance scenarios 9-7 deﬁned 9-4 answering calls 9-4...
Page 274 connection proﬁles deﬁned 7-3 scheduling 9-1 console conﬁguring 8-12 screens, connecting to 8-8 Console Conﬁguration 8-12 Console connection problems A-2 console-based management conﬁguring with 6-1 D. Port 14-10 date and time setting 8-11 deciding on an ISP account B-2 default terminal emulation software settings 6- Delete Static Route 10-15 Deleting a packet ﬁlter 14-24 Deleting ﬁlters 14-17...
Page 275 Navigating through the conﬁguration screens 8- NCSA Telnet 6-3 Nested IP subnets C-11 NetBIOS 10-18 10-9 NetBIOS Scope 10-19 Netopia answering calls 9-4 connecting to Ethernet, rules 5-3 connecting to LocalTalk 5-6 connection proﬁle 7-3 distributing IP addresses 10-16 IP setup 7-4 IPX setup 7-4 LocalTalk conﬁguration 12-7...
Page 276 monitoring 13-1 security 14-1 system utilities and tests 15-1 Network Address Translation see NAT 10-1 Network problems A-2 network status overview 13-1 Next 13-10 Next Router Address 13-10 non-seeding 12-3 Output ﬁlter 1 14-19 overview 1-1 packet header C-13 and answer proﬁle 9-6 Parts of a ﬁlter 14-7 password to protect security screen 14-2...
Page 277 Trusted subnet 14-20 tunneling 12-3 unproxied addresses 10-1 updating ﬁrmware with TFTP 15-8 with XMODEM 15-11 Updating Netopia’s ﬁrmware 15-8 Uploading a conﬁguration ﬁle 15-10 uploading conﬁguration ﬁles with TFTP 15-10 with XMODEM 15-12 user accounts 14-2 using ﬁlters 14-12 Utilities and Tests 15-1 Viewing and modifying packet ﬁlters 14-24...
Page 278 WAN conﬁguration 9-2 10-3 WAN event history 13-6 WAN statistics 13-4 13-5 Windows 95 SmartStart 3-3 XMODEM 15-10 XMODEM ﬁle transfers downloading conﬁguration ﬁles 15-12 updating ﬁrmware 15-11 uploading conﬁguration ﬁles 15-12 Zone Name 13-10...
Page 279 L L L L i i i i m m m m i i i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d d d d L L L L i i i i m m m m i i i i t t t t a a a a t t t t i i i i o o o o n n n n o o o o f f f f R R R R e e e e m m m m e e e e d d d d i i i i e e e e s s s s Netopia warrants to you, the end user, that the Netopia™ Router with Dual Analog (the “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one (1) year from date of purchase.
Page 280 User’s Reference Guide...

Netopia R2121 User Reference Manual

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Making the Physical Connections

Chapter 3 - Setting up Your Router with the Smartstart Wizard

Chapter 4 - Monitoring with Smartview

Chapter 5 — Connecting Your Local Area Network

Chapter 6 - Console-Based Management

Chapter 7 - Easy Setup

Chapter 8 — WAN and System Conﬁguration

Chapter 9 - Managing Voice and Data Calls

Chapter 10 - IP Setup, Smartip and Network Address Translation

Chapter 11 - IPX Setup

Chapter 12 - Appletalk Setup

Chapter 13 — Monitoring Tools

Chapter 14 - Security

Chapter 15 — Utilities and Diagnostics

Appendix A - Troubleshooting

Appendix B - Setting up Internet Services

Appendix C - Understanding IP Addressing

Appendix D - Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior

Appendix E - Binary Conversion Table

Appendix F - Further Reading

Appendix G - Technical Specifications and Safety Information

Appendix G - Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information

Appendix H - about 56K Line Access

Quick Links

Troubleshooting

Need help?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for Netopia R2121

Summary of Contents for Netopia R2121