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IBM ServeRAID-MR10i User Manual

IBM ServeRAID-MR10i User Manual

Sas/sata controller
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USER'S
GUIDE
ServeRAID-MR10i
F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 9
IBM P/N: 46M1377

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Summary of Contents for IBM ServeRAID-MR10i

  • Page 1 ® USER’S GUIDE ServeRAID-MR10i F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 9 IBM P/N: 46M1377...
  • Page 2 Third Edition (February 2009) © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2007-2009. All rights reserved. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
  • Page 3 • Engineers who are designing a system that will include a ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller. • Anyone installing a ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller in a RAID system. • End users who need to install the iBBU products on the ServeRAID- MR10i SAS/SATA Controller.
  • Page 4 IBM Document Number: 46M1382 This document explains how to install the ServeRAID device driver for your operating system. The information in this document is independent of the back-end bus and applies to the ServeRAID-MR10i controller. ServeRAID-MR Software User’s Guide IBM Document Number: 46M1381...
  • Page 5 IBM Systems Safety Notices IBM Document Number: G229-9054-01 This book contains safety notices from IBM Systems documentation. The safety notices include danger and caution notices. Notices and Statements in This Document The caution and danger statements in this document are also in the multilingual IBM Systems Safety Notices document, which is on the ServeRAID-MR Support CD.
  • Page 6 Web site: http://www.ibm.com/systems/support/ Safety Instructions Use the following safety guidelines to help protect your computer system from potential damage and to ensure your own personal safety. Note: Use the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller with UL-listed Information Technology Equipment (ITE) products only. Preface...
  • Page 7 DANGER When working on or around the system, observe the following precautions: Electrical voltage and current from power, telephone, and communication cables are hazardous. To avoid a shock hazard: • Connect power to this unit only with the provided power cord. Do not use the provided power cord for any other product.
  • Page 8 Exchange only with the IBM-approved part. Recycle or discard the battery as instructed by local regulations. In the United States, IBM has a process for the collection of this battery. For information, call 1-800-426-4333. Have the IBM part number for the battery unit available when you call.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    General Description Configuration Scenarios 1.4.1 Number of Physical Disks Supported Benefits of the SAS Interface 1.5.1 PCI Express Architecture 1.5.2 Operating System Support Summary of the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Characteristics 1.6.1 SAS Features 1-10 1.6.2 SAS Array Limitations 1-10 1.6.3...
  • Page 10 Chapter 4 Introduction to the Intelligent Backup Battery Unit Chapter 5 Installing the Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Installing the iBBU on the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Chapter 6 Using the Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Monitoring the iBBU with the MegaRAID Configuration Utilities 6.1.1...
  • Page 11 Start BBU Learning Cycle Place Battery in Low-Power Storage Mode Set BBU Properties 6.1.3 Monitoring the iBBU with the MegaRAID Storage Manager Battery Learn Cycle 6-10 Setting Learn Cycle Properties 6-11 Starting a Learn Cycle Manually 6-12 Replacing the Battery Backup Unit 6-12 Transferring Cached Data from a Failed Controller 6-13...
  • Page 12 Contents...
  • Page 13 Example of a SAS Direct-Connect Application Example of a ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Configured with an LSISASx12 Expander Installing the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller in a PCI Express Slot Internal SAS Cable for Connection to SAS Physical Disks or SATA II Physical Disks SATA II Connectors...
  • Page 14 Contents...
  • Page 15 Tables Physical Drives Required for Each RAID Level ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Array Limitations 1-10 ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Specifications 1-15 ServeRAID-MR10i Controller – Connectors ServeRAID-MR10i Characteristics ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Specifications Array Performance Features Fault Tolerance Features Maximum Power Requirements Display BBU Information Display BBU Status Information...
  • Page 16 Contents...

  • Page 17: Overview

    Chapter 1 Overview This section provides a general overview of the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller with RAID control capabilities. It consists of the following sections: • Section 1.1, “Overview” • Section 1.2, “ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Description” • Section 1.3, “General Description”...
  • Page 18 Serial ATA Specification, Version 1.0a, and the Serial ATAII; Extension to the Serial ATA Specification, Version 1.1. SATA II is an extension to SATA 1.0a. The ServeRAID-MR10i controller is a versatile controller that provides the backbone of both server and high-end workstation environments.

  • Page 19: Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller Description

    Serial Tunneling Protocol (STP), which enables communication with a SATA II device through an attached expander ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Description The ServeRAID-MR10i controller is available with eight PHYs. The controller has one LSISAS1078 ROC (RAID-on-chip) processor that controls eight internal SAS/SATA ports through two SAS x8 internal connectors.
  • Page 20 The ServeRAID-MR10i controller supports the SAS protocol as described in the Serial Attached SCSI Standard, version 1.1. The controller also supports the Serial ATA II (SATA II) protocol defined by the Serial ATA Specification, Version 1.0a, and the Serial ATAII;...

  • Page 21: Configuration Scenarios

    Activity and fault indicators for each PHY • Port Selector (for dual-port drives) Each port on the ServeRAID-MR10i controller supports SAS devices, SATA II devices, or both using SSP, SMP, STP, and SATA II. SSP enables communication with other SAS devices. SATA II enables the controller to communicate with other SATA II devices.

  • Page 22: Example Of A Sas Direct-Connect Application

    Interface SAS/SATA II Device PCI Express Interface Figure 1.2 shows an example of the ServeRAID-MR10i controller configured with an LSISASx12 expander that is connected to SAS disks, SATA II disks, or both. Figure 1.2 Example of a ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Configured...

  • Page 23: Number Of Physical Disks Supported

    1.4.1 Number of Physical Disks Supported Your configuration planning for the ServeRAID-MR10i controller depends in part on the number of physical disks that you want to use in a RAID array. The number of drives in an array determines the RAID levels that can be supported.

  • Page 24: Pci Express Architecture

    PCI Express is a local bus system designed to increase data transfers without slowing down the central processing unit (CPU). You can install the ServeRAID-MR10i PCI Express RAID controller in PCI Express computer systems with a standard bracket type. With these adapters in your system, you can connect SCSI devices and SATA II devices over the bus.

  • Page 25: Summary Of The Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller Characteristics

    The ServeRAID-MR10i controller uses Fusion-MPT™ architecture for all major operating systems, thinner drivers, and better performance. Summary of the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Characteristics This section provides a summary of the features and benefits of the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA controller. It contains information on SAS features, SATA II features, PCI performance, integration, usability, and flexibility.

  • Page 26: Sas Features

    1.6.1 SAS Features The following list describes the SAS features of the ServeRAID-MR10i controller: • Provides eight fully independent PHYs • Supports 3.0 Gbit/s SAS data transfers per PHY • Supports SSP to enable communication with other SAS devices •...

  • Page 27: Sata Ii Features

    128. Though you can have up to 16 virtual disks per array, and up to 64 arrays per ServeRAID-MR10i controller, there is a limit of 64 virtual disks per controller. Because of this constraint, the 32 arrays cannot all contain 16 virtual disks at the same time.

  • Page 28: Pci Express Performance

    Provides up to two LED signals for each PHY to indicate link activity and faults • Provides an I C interface for enclosure management • Supports the internal SAS Sideband signal SFF-8485 (SGPIO) interface 1.6.6 Flexibility Features These features increase the flexibility of the ServeRAID-MR10i controller: 1-12 Overview...

  • Page 29: Drive Roaming

    Step 2. Open the host system by following the instructions in the host system technical documentation. Step 3. Move the drives to different positions on the backplane to change the targets. Step 4. Determine the SAS target requirements. Summary of the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Characteristics 1-13...

  • Page 30: Drive Migration

    Step 5. Perform a safety check. a. Make sure that the drives are inserted correctly. b. Close the cabinet of the host system. Step 6. Reconnect the power cords to the system. Step 7. Turn on the power to the system. The controller then detects the RAID configuration from the configuration data on the drives.

  • Page 31: Hardware Specifications

    Step 10. Turn on the power to the system. The controller detects the RAID configuration from the configuration data on the drives. Hardware Specifications You can install the ServeRAID-MR10i controller in a computer with a mainboard that has a PCI Express slot. Table 1.3 describes the hardware configuration features for the ServeRAID-MR10i controller.

  • Page 32: Technical Support

    Table 1.3 ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Specifications (Cont.) Specification ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Cache Function Write-back, write-through, adaptive read ahead, non-read ahead, read ahead, cache I/O, direct I/O Multiple Virtual Disks/ Up to 40 virtual disks per controller or Arrays per Controller per logical array...

  • Page 33: Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller Hardware Installation

    • Section 2.4, “SAS Device Cables” • Section 2.5, “Replacing a Failed Controller Containing Data in the IBBU” • Section 2.6, “After Installing the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller” Requirements The following items are required for installation: • A ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller •...

  • Page 34: Quick Installation

    Step 3. Check the intelligent Battery Backup Unit (iBBU) on the controller. Step 4. Install the ServeRAID-MR10i controller in the computer and connect the SAS devices or SATA II devices to it. Make sure that the cables you use conform to all specifications.
  • Page 35 The ServeRAID-MR10i controller is shipped with the following items: ® – The ServeRAID-MR Support CD containing MegaRAID drivers for supported operating systems, an electronic version of this User’s Guide, and other related documentation –...

  • Page 36: Installing The Serveraid-Mr10I Controller In A Pci Express Slot

    Step 8. Connect the SAS Devices, the SATA II Devices, or Both, to the Controller Use SAS cables to connect SAS devices, SATA II devices, or both to the ServeRAID-MR10i controller. Refer to Section 2.4, “SAS Device Cables” for SAS cable information. Refer to Section 2.4.1, “Connecting the ServeRAID-MR10i RAID...
  • Page 37 The configuration utility prompt times out after several seconds. The second portion of the BIOS message displays the ServeRAID-MR10i controller number, firmware version, and cache SDRAM size. The numbering of the controller follows the PCI slot scanning order used by the host mainboard.

  • Page 38: Internal Sas Cable For Connection To Sas Physical Disks Or Sata Ii Physical Disks

    Serial Signal Cables RAID Controller to HDD Breakout Cable 4-Lane Internal Connector SFF 8484 Figure 2.3 displays the SATA II device plug connector used to connect a RAID controller with internal connectors to the host receptable ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller Hardware Installation...

  • Page 39: Sata Ii Connectors

    connector on a backplane. A SATA II connector consists of a signal connector and a power connector. Figure 2.3 SATA II Connectors Device Plug Connector Serial ATA Signal Connector (pin 1) Serial ATA Power Connector (pin 1) Host Receptacle Connector Figure 2.4 shows SAS connectors and SATA II connectors on SAS physical disks and SATA II physical disks, respectively.

  • Page 40: Sas Plugs, Sata Ii Plugs, And Sas Backplane Receptacle Connector

    2.4.1 Connecting the ServeRAID-MR10i RAID Controller to Physical Disks This subsection provides step-by-step instructions for connecting the ServeRAID-MR10i controller to the SAS physical disks and SATA II physical disks. Figure 2.5 shows how to connect the internal SAS cable from the controller to the physical disks.

  • Page 41: Connecting The Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller With Internal Connectors To A Physical Disk

    If the power failure is the result of the ServeRAID-MR10i controller itself failing, then the iBBU can be moved to a new controller and the data can be recovered. The replacement controller must have a cleared configuration.
  • Page 42 ServeRAID-MR10i controller and install the operating system driver. The ServeRAID-MR Software User’s Guide instructs you on the configuration options and how to set them on your ServeRAID-MR10i controller. The ServeRAID-MR Device Driver Installation User’s Guide provides detailed installation instructions for operating system drivers.
  • Page 43 The following subsections provide graphics and connector information for the ServeRAID-MR10i controller. The ServeRAID-MR10i PCI Express Disk Array Storage Adapter has one LSISAS1078 ROC (RAID-on-chip) processor that controls eight internal SAS/SATA ports through two SAS 4x internal connectors.

  • Page 44: Card Layout For The Serveraid-Mr10I Controller

    Figure 3.1 Card Layout for the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Port Port 85022-00 Table 3.1 ServeRAID-MR10i Controller – Connectors Connector Description Type Comments Board-to-board 20-pin Provides an interface to the connector for battery connector daughter card that contains the backup unit battery backup unit.

  • Page 45: Serveraid-Mr10I Characteristics

    Scatter/Gather Activity LED For boot code and firmware. For BIOS configuration storage. The ServeRAID-MR10i controller ensures data integrity by intelligently validating the compatibility of the SAS domain. The controller uses Fusion-MPT architecture, which allows for thinner drivers and better performance.
  • Page 46 • Japan VCCI In addition, the adapter meets the requirements of CISPR Class B. The ServeRAID-MR10i controller and the intelligent Battery Backup Unit (iBBU) are CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1, UL 60950-1 First Edition listed Accessory, UL file number E257743. 3.3.1 Storage Adapter Specifications Table 3.3...

  • Page 47: Array Performance Features

    Table 3.3 ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Specifications (Cont.) Specification ServeRAID-MR10i Controller Type of Drives Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial ATA II (SATA II) Supported • Up to 2.5 Gbits/s per lane PCI Express Bus Data Transfer Rate • x8 lane width (with support for downshifting for motherboards with x1 and x4 connections) •...

  • Page 48: Fault Tolerance Features

    3.3.4 Electrical Characteristics All power is supplied to the ServeRAID-MR10i controller through the PCI Express 3.3V rails and the 12V rail. Onboard switching regulator circuitry operating from the 3.3V rails and the 12V rail provide the necessary voltages. The following states determine the typical current consumption of the controller: •...

  • Page 49: Maximum Power Requirements

    – During fast charging of the battery pack: 230mA in +12V current 3.3.5 Operating and Non-operating Conditions For the ServeRAID-MR10i controller, the operating (thermal and atmospheric) conditions are: • Relative humidity range is 5% to 90% noncondensing • Airflow must be at least 200 linear feet per minute (LFPM) to avoid...
  • Page 50 3.3.6 Safety Characteristics The ServeRAID-MR10i controller meets or exceeds the requirements of UL flammability rating 94 V0. Each bare board is also marked with the supplier name or trademark, type, and UL flammability rating. The board is installed in a PCI Express bus slot, so all voltages are lower than the SELV 42.4 V limit.
  • Page 51 MR10i controller has an onboard iBBU. The iBBU monitors the voltage level of the DRAM modules installed on the ServeRAID-MR10i controller. If the voltage drops below a predefined level, the battery backup module switches the memory power source from the controller to the iBBU. As long as the voltage level stays below the predefined value, the iBBU provides power for memory.
  • Page 52 Exchange only with the IBM-approved part. Recycle or discard the battery as instructed by local regulations. In the United States, IBM has a process for the collection of this battery. For information, call 1-800-426-4333. Have the IBM part number for the battery unit available when you call.
  • Page 53 Installing the Intelligent Battery Backup Unit This chapter explains how to install the intelligent Battery Backup Unit (iBBU) on the ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller. Attention: Electrostatic discharge can damage the iBBU and the controller on which it is installed. Always ground yourself and/or use a ground strap before you touch the controller or the iBBU.

  • Page 54: Intelligent Battery Backup Unit

    ServeRAID-MR10i controller using a small board-to-board connector (daughtercard). Figure 5.1 displays the top view and the bottom view of the card, the 2- 56 screws, and the 7/32” standoffs. (The “top” side is the side you can see after you install the iBBU on the RAID controller.) Note that this unit...
  • Page 55 Exchange only with the IBM-approved part. Recycle or discard the battery as instructed by local regulations. In the United States, IBM has a process for the collection of this battery. For information, call 1-800-426-4333. Have the IBM part number for the battery unit available when you call.

  • Page 56: Installing The Ibbu Daughtercard On The Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller

    Figure 5.2 Installing the iBBU Daughtercard on the ServeRAID- MR10i SAS/SATA Controller 4. Carefully press the iBBU onto the controller, so that the two connectors are firmly joined. 5. Secure the iBBU to the controller with the 2-56 screws and the standoffs in the three screwholes.

  • Page 57: Installing The Serveraid-Mr10I Sas/Sata Controller

    10. Reinstall the computer cover and reattach the power cords. 11. Turn on the power to the computer. Attention: See the ServeRAID-MR Software User’s Guide for information about running the RAID configuration utility and installing software drivers. Installing the iBBU on the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller...
  • Page 58 Installing the Intelligent Battery Backup Unit...
  • Page 59 Battery Backup Unit This chapter explains how to monitor and maintain the intelligent Battery Backup Unit (iBBU) for your ServeRAID-MR10i SAS/SATA Controller. Most of the iBBU functions, such as battery recharging, occur automatically. Click on the following links to view instructions on how to use the iBBU: •...

  • Page 60: First Controller Properties Screen

    Monitoring the iBBU with the MegaRAID Configuration Utilities This section describes the MegaRAID utilities that you can use to monitor the condition of the installed iBBU and to change the automatic learn mode options. They include the WebBIOS Configuration Utility, MegaCLI, and MegaRAID Storage Manager.

  • Page 61: Second Controller Properties Screen

    4. Click Next to view the second Controller Properties screen. The second Controller Properties screen appears, as shown in Figure 6.2. The Battery Backup field at the top left of the screen indicates whether the iBBU is present. Figure 6.2 Second Controller Properties Screen 5.

  • Page 62: Battery Module Screen

    Note: IBM recommends leaving the the learn delay interval and the auto learn mode at their default settings. – Setting the Learn Delay Interval – The learn delay interval is the length of the interval between automatic learning cycles.

  • Page 63: Display Bbu Information

    1. Open the drop-down menu in the Auto Learn Mode field. 2. Set the learn mode as Auto (the default ) or Manual. 3. Click Go. Note: IBM recommends 30 days for the interval between cycles. Note: When you replace the iBBU, the charge cycle counter is reset automatically.

  • Page 64: Display Bbu Capacity Information

    Table 6.2 Display BBU Status Information Description Displays complete information about the BBU status, such as the temperature and voltage. The information displays in the following formats: BBU Status for Adapter: xx Battery Type: XXXXXX(string) Voltage: xx mV Current: xx mA Temperature: xx C°...

  • Page 65: Display Bbu Design Parameters

    Table 6.3 Display BBU Capacity Information (Cont.) Description Displays BBU capacity information. The information displays in the following format: BBU Capacity Info for Adapter: x Relative State of Charge: xx% Absolute State of Charge: xx% Remaining Capacity: xx mAh Full Charge Capacity: xx mAh Run Time to Empty: xxx Min Average Time to Empty: xxx Min Average Time to Full: xxx Min...

  • Page 66: Start Bbu Learning Cycle

    Table 6.5 Display Current BBU Properties (Cont.) Description Displays current properties of the BBU. The information displays in the following formats: BBU Properties for Adapter: x Auto Learn Period: xxx Sec Next Learn Time: xxxx Sec Learn Delay Interval: xx Hours Auto-Learn Mode: Warn via Event/Disabled/Enabled 6.1.2.6 Start BBU Learning Cycle...

  • Page 67: Monitoring The Ibbu With The Megaraid Storage Manager

    Table 6.8 Set BBU Properties (Cont.) Description Sets the BBU properties on the selected controller(s) after reading from the file. The information displays in the following formats: autoLearnPeriod = 1800Sec nextLearnTime = 12345678Sec Seconds past 1/1/2000 learnDelayInterval = 24hours Not greater than 7 days autoLearnMode = 0 0 –...

  • Page 68: Battery Learn Cycle

    Figure 6.4 Battery Backup Unit Information The BBU properties include the following: • The number of times the BBU has been recharged (Cycle Count) • The full capacity of the BBU, plus the percentage of its current state of charge, and the estimated time until it will be depleted •...

  • Page 69: Setting Learn Cycle Properties

    battery learn cycles, enable automatic learn cycles. To choose manual battery learn cycles, disable automatic learn cycles. If you enable automatic learn cyles, you can delay the start of the learn cycles for up to 168 hours (7 days). If you disable automatic learn cycles, you can start the learn cycles manually, and you can choose to receive a reminder to start a manual learn cycle.

  • Page 70: Starting A Learn Cycle Manually

    When you install a new iBBU, the battery recharge cycle counter for the iBBU is automatically set to zero. For instructions on installing the iBBU, Section 5.1, “Installing the iBBU on the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller.” 6-12 Using the Intelligent Battery Backup Unit...

  • Page 71: Transferring Cached Data From A Failed Controller

    (C007) Transferring Cached Data from a Failed Controller If you are using the ServeRAID-MR10i controller with an iBBU, and if the controller fails when there is data in the cache that has not been written to disk, you can save the cached data.

  • Page 72: Resolving A Configuration Mismatch

    5. Remove the iBBU from the failed controller. 6. Install the iBBU on the replacement controller. Note: Section 5.1, “Installing the iBBU on the ServeRAID- MR10i Controller” for instructions on how to install an iBBU on your controller and install the controller in a system. 7.

  • Page 73: Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Specifications

    < 30 days: 0–50° C 30–90 days: 0–40° C > 90 days: 0–30° C Table 7.1 Specifications iBBU Fast Charge Rate 500 mAH Battery Pack 4 cells Mechanical 3.7” x 2.2” Battery Capacity 880 mAH Charge Circuitry Card ServeRAID-MR10i User’s Guide...

  • Page 74: Battery Life And Data Retention Time

    For instructions on installing the iBBU, see Section 5.1, “Installing the iBBU on the ServeRAID-MR10i Controller.”For optimal performance, replace the battery pack on the iBBU once a year. The data retention times shown in Table 7.2...

  • Page 75: Appendix A Notices

    Consult your local IBM representative for information on the products and services currently available in your area. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only that IBM product, program, or service may be used.

  • Page 76: A.1 Trademarks

    Web sites. The materials at those Web sites are not part of the materials for this IBM product, and use of those Web sites is at your own risk.

  • Page 77: A.2 Important Notes

    These products are offered and warranted solely by third parties. IBM makes no representations or warranties with respect to non-IBM products. Support (if any) for the non-IBM products is provided by the third party, not IBM. Some software might differ from its retail version (if available) and might not include user manuals or all program functionality.
  • Page 78 Notices...

  • Page 79: Appendix B Glossary Of Terms And Abbreviations

    A SAS device installed outside the computer cabinet. These devices are device connected using specific types of shielded cables. Fusion-MPT Fusion-MPT (Message Passing Technology) architecture consists of architecture several main elements: Fusion-MPT firmware, the Fibre Channel and SCSI hardware, and the operating system level drivers that support ServeRAID-MR10i User’s Guide...
  • Page 80 these architectures. Fusion-MPT architecture offers a single binary, operating system driver that supports both Fibre Channel and SCSI devices. host The computer system in which a storage adapter is installed. It uses the storage adapter to transfer information to and from devices attached to the SCSI bus.
  • Page 81 1.1. The controller also supports the Serial ATA II (SATA II) protocol defined by the Serial ATA Specification, Version 1.0a, and the Serial ATAII; Extension to the Serial ATA Specification, Version 1.1. SATA II is an extension to SATA 1.0a. The ServeRAID-MR10i controller...
  • Page 82 is a versatile controller that provides the backbone of both server and high-end workstation environments. Each port on the RAID controller supports SAS devices and/or SATA II devices. SAS device Any device that conforms to the SAS standard and is attached to the SAS bus by a SAS cable.
  • Page 83 a stripe is the same on each disk included in the stripe. The portion of a stripe that resides on a single disk is a stripe element. Striping by itself does not provide data redundancy; striping in combination with parity provides data redundancy.
  • Page 84 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations...
  • Page 86 * 4 6 M1 3 7 7 * ®...

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