Tecnam P92 Echo Classic Deluxe Flight Manual
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Tecnam P92 Echo Classic Deluxe Flight Manual

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FLIGHT MANUAL
P92 Echo C
M
:
COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE
ANUFACTURER
P92 C
A
:
IRCRAFT TYPE
S
:...............................................................
ERIAL NUMBER
M
ANUFACTURING DATE
T
HIS MANUAL IS VALID FOR THE
R
HP ENGINE OR
OTAX
F
OR EVIDENT SAFETY REASONS AND UPON READING THIS MANUAL FOR THE FIRST
,
TIME
IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERLINE
)
COLORED MARKER
ANY DIFFERENCES IN CHARTS AND TABLES AS APPLICABLE TO
.
PERSONAL AIRCRAFT
The Flight Manual must always be kept on board the aircraft. The aircraft
described herein is to be operated in accordance with procedures and limitations
described in this Flight Manual.
st
edition – 23
th
1
March 2009
F
LIGHT MANUAL
LASSIC
deluxe
LASSIC
:....................................................
WARNING
P92 C
LASSIC
912ULS 100 H
P ENGINE
Doc. n° 92-13-030-00
P92Classic
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Deluxe
TECNAM
S.r.l.
.
WITH EITHER
DELUXE
.
(
PERHAPS ALSO HIGHLIGHT WITH A
Deluxe
R
912 80
OTAX
i-1

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  • Page 1 Deluxe P92Classic LIGHT MANUAL I N T R O D U C T I O N FLIGHT MANUAL Deluxe P92 Echo C LASSIC TECNAM S.r.l. COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE ANUFACTURER P92 C deluxe LASSIC IRCRAFT TYPE :............... ERIAL NUMBER :............ ANUFACTURING DATE...
  • Page 2 Deluxe P92Classic LIGHT MANUAL I N T R O D U C T I O N RECORD OF REVISIONS All revisions to the current Manual, except for actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table and, in case of approved sections, must be endorsed by the Responsible Airworthiness Authority.
  • Page 3 Deluxe P92Classic LIGHT MANUAL I N T R O D U C T I O N List of Effective Page Section Page Date Section Page Date March 2009 March 2009 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “...
  • Page 4 Deluxe P92Classic LIGHT MANUAL I N T R O D U C T I O N Section Page Date Section Page Date March 2009 “ “ “ “ “ March 2009 “ “ “ “ edition – 23 March 2009 Doc.
  • Page 5 Deluxe P92Classic LIGHT MANUAL I N T R O D U C T I O N TABLE OF CONTENTS General Section 1 Limitations Section 2 Emergency procedures Section 3 Normal procedures Section 4 Performance Section 5 Weight and balance Section 6 Systems description Section 7 Ground handling and servicing...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L SECTION 1 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................... 2 WARNINGS - CAUTIONS - NOTES ................2 THREE VIEW DRAWING ................... 2 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ....................3 CONTROL SURFACES TRAVEL LIMITS ..............4 ENGINE ........................

  • Page 7: General

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L INTRODUCTION The P92 C is twin seat, single engine aircraft with a strut- LASSIC DELUXE braced rectangular high wing, fixed main landing gear and steerable nose wheel. This Flight Manual has been prepared to provide pilots and instructors with information for the safe and efficient operation of this aircraft.
  • Page 8 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L edition – 23 March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00...

  • Page 9: Descriptive Data

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L DESCRIPTIVE DATA WING Wing span: 9.4 m Wing chord 1.4 m Wing surface 13.2 m Wing loading 34.2 kg/m Aspect ratio 6.714 Taper ratio Dihedral 1.5° FUSELAGE Overall length 6.5 m Overall width 1.1 m...

  • Page 10: Engine

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L ENGINE Model Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS Manufacturer: Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Engine type: Four cylinder horizontally- Four cylinder horizontally- opposed twins with overall opposed twins with overall displacement 1211.2 displacement of 1352 c.c.,...

  • Page 11: Fuel

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L FUEL Fuel grade: Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS  Min RON 90  Min RON 95  EN 228 Regular  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium ...

  • Page 12: Weights

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L WEIGHTS Maximum takeoff: 450 kg Standard empty weight 289kg SPECIFIC LOADINGS Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS Wing Loading 34.2 kg/m 34.2 kg/m Power Loading 5.5 kg/hp 4.5 kg/hp edition –...

  • Page 13: Abbreviations And Terminology

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS Calibrated Airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error. Indicated Airspeed: is the speed shown on the on-board airspeed in- dicator.
  • Page 14 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). Standard Temperature is 15°C at sea level pressure altitude and de- creased by 2°C for each 1000 ft of altitude. Pressure Altitude is the altitude read from an altimeter when the baro- metric subscale has been set to 1013 mb.
  • Page 15 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY Datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (C.

  • Page 16: Unit Conversion Factors

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL G E N E R A L UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS  ULTIPLYING YIELDS EMPERATURE Fahrenheit [°F] Celsius [°C]       Celsius [°C] Fahrenheit [°F]       ORCES 2.205 Kilograms [kg]...
  • Page 17 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................... 2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS ..................2 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS ............... 3 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS .................. 4 PROPELLER ......................5 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS .............

  • Page 18: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S INTRODUCTION Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for safe operation of the P92 C , their engines, standard systems and standard LASSIC DELUXE equipment.

  • Page 19: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS Airspeed indicator markings and their color code are explained in the following table: Rotax 912 UL / ULS MARKING IAS km/h SIGNIFICANCE 71 –...

  • Page 20: Powerplant Limitations

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS The following table lists operating limitations for aircraft installed engine: : Bombardier Rotax GmbH. NGINE MANUFACTURER : 912 UL / 912 ULS NGINE MODELS AXIMUM POWER Max Power kW (hp)

  • Page 21: Propeller

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S OIL VISCOSITY Use viscosity grade oil as specified in the following table: CAUTION Use of Aviation Grade Oil with or without additives is not permitted COOLANT: Coolant type and specifications are detailed into the “Rotax Operator’s Manual”...

  • Page 22: Powerplant Instrument Markings

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Powerplant instrument markings and their color code significance are shown below: Rotax 912 UL RED LINE GREEN ARC YELLOW ARC RED LINE Minimum Normal Caution...

  • Page 23: Other Instrument Markings

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS INSTRUMENT RED LINE GREEN ARC YELLOW ARC RED LINE Minimum limit Normal operating Caution Maximum limit Voltmeter 10 Volt 12 - 14 Volt ------ ------ WEIGHT LIMITS...

  • Page 24: Fuel

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL L I M I T A T I O N S FUEL : 45 litres TWO TANKS : 90 litres TOTAL FUEL CAPACITY Rotax 912 UL - APPROVED FUELS  Min. RON 90  EN 228 Regular ...
  • Page 25 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................2 ENGINE FAILURE ....................2 FORCED LANDING ....................3 SMOKE AND FIRE ....................3 RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN............4 DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) ....5 edition –...

  • Page 26: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION Section 3 includes checklists and detailed procedures to be used in the event of emer- gencies. Emergencies caused by a malfunction of the aircraft or engine are extremely rare if appropriate maintenance and pre-flight inspections are carried out. In case of emergency, suggestions presented in this section should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.

  • Page 27: Forced Landing

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FORCED LANDING EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER Set glide speed to optimal value of 110 Km/h Select terrain area most suitable for emergency landing, possibly upwind Fuel shutoff valves: OFF Magnetos: OFF Tighten safety belts, release door safety lock and unlatch doors Flaps: as needed When ready to land, Master switch: OFF POWER-ON FORCED LANDING...

  • Page 28: Recovery From Unintentional Spin

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES NOTE DO NOT USE WATER to put out fire and do not open engine cowling until absolutely certain fire is extinguished. In case an appropriate fire extinguisher is not handy, still keeping engine cowling closed, it is possi- ble to use a woolen blanket, sand or dirt to try smothering the fire.

  • Page 29: Deployment Of Emergency Parachute (Optional Equipment)

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) Keeping in mind that full deployment of parachute is achieved after two seconds, the following procedure is recommended: Try leveling aircraft as much as possible Minimum altitude for successful deployment is about 33m (100 ft). Pull firing clip firmly and to end-travel Shut off fuel valves, magnetos and master switch Tighten safety belt and helmet chinstrap...
  • Page 30 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................... 2 RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING ..........2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ..................3 CHECKLISTS ......................6 edition – 23 March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00...

  • Page 31: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION Section 4 contains checklists and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal opera- tion. RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING UPPER COWLING: Parking brake ON. Fuel shutoff valves OFF. III. Master switch OFF, Magnetos OFF. IV.

  • Page 32: Preflight Inspection

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Before each flight, it is necessary to carry out a complete inspection of the aircraft as hereby detailed. CABIN INSPECTION A Weight and balance: check if within limits B Safety belts used to lock controls: free C Flight controls: activate flight controls to insure unhindered movement of control rods and surfaces.
  • Page 33 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES H Horizontal tail and tab: check integrity and unhindered movement. Vertical tail and rudder: check integrity and unhindered movement. L Check integrity of right side main landing gear, tire pressure (1.6 bar), condition and alignment;...
  • Page 34 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES Z Remove tow bar and chocks NOTE Avoid blowing inside left strut mounted pitot and inside airspeed indicator sys- tem's static vents as this may damage instruments. FIG. 4-1 edition – 23 March 2009 Doc.

  • Page 35: Checklists

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLISTS BEFORE STARTING ENGINE (after preflight inspection) I. Flight planning, fuel consumption, refueling. II. Aircraft loading and related inspections (see section 6) III. Seat and safety belts adjustment IV. Doors secured V. Parking brake ON. STARTING ENGINE Master switch ON.
  • Page 36 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES HOLDING Parking brake ON. Turn on navigation lights, strobe light, and landing light (optional equip- ment) III. Check engine parameters. 912 UL 912 ULS Oil temperature 50° - 110° C Max. Cylinder Heads Temperature 150°...
  • Page 37 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL NORMAL PROCEDURES CRUISE Reach cruising altitude Set power and engine rpm's for cruise. III. Check engine parameters 912 UL 912 ULS 90° - 110° C Oil temperature < 135° C Temperature cylinder heads 2.0 – 5.0 bar Oil pressure IV.
  • Page 38 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................2 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION............... 3 STALL SPEEDS ................. 3 CROSSWIND ..................4 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE ............5 LANDING ..................6 CLIMB PERFORMANCE ..............

  • Page 39: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E INTRODUCTION This section provides all necessary data for accurate and comprehensive planning of flight activity from takeoff to landing. Data reported in graphs and/or tables were determined using: ...

  • Page 40: Airspeed Calibration

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E AIRSPEED CALIBRATION The difference between indicated airspeed and calibrated airspeed is within JAR-VLA limits of  3% for all speeds above 1.3 Vs. STALL SPEEDS CONDITIONS: - weight 450 kg - engine idle - no ground effect...

  • Page 41: Crosswind

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E CROSSWIND Maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity is 15 Kts  Example: Given Find Wind direction = 30° Headwind = 17.5 Kts Wind velocity = 20 Kts Crosswind = 10 Kts Fig.

  • Page 42: Takeoff Performance

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF DISTANCE ONDITIONS - ISA - Flaps: 15° - Engine: full throttle - Slope: 0° Wind: zero - Runway: dry, compact, grass Fig.

  • Page 43: Landing

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E LANDING GROUND ROLL DISTANCE AND LANDING DISTANCE ONDITIONS - Flaps: 35° Runway: dry, compact, grass - Engine: throttle idle Slope: 0° Wind: zero Distance over a 15 m obstacle Ground roll DISTANCE WEIGHT (Kg)

  • Page 44: Climb Performance

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E CLIMB PERFORMANCE CLIMB RATE IN CLEAN CONFIGURATION ONDITIONS - ISA - Flaps: 0° - Weight 450 kg - Engine: full throttle Fig. 5-4 C LIMB RATE ...

  • Page 45: Cruise

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL P E R F O R M A N C E CRUISE ONDITIONS Altitude: 0 Wind: 0 Rotax 912 UL CAS km/h Hourly consumption [lt/h] 4300 4800 5000 Rotax 912 ULS CAS km/h Hourly consumption [lt/h] 4300 4800 5000...
  • Page 46 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL W E I G H T & B A L A N C E SECTION 6 WEIGHT & BALANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................... 2 AIRCRAFT WEIGHING PROCEDURES ..............2 WEIGHING REPORT ....................3 C. G. TRAVEL ......................4 edition –...

  • Page 47: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL W E I G H T & B A L A N C E INTRODUCTION This section describes the procedure for establishing the basic empty weight and moment of the aircraft. Loading procedure information is also provided. AIRCRAFT WEIGHING PROCEDURES REPARATION Carry out weighing procedure inside closed hangar...

  • Page 48: Weighing Report

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL W E I G H T & B A L A N C E WEIGHING REPORT Model P92 C s/n:______ Weighing n°______ Date:_________ LASSIC DELUXE Datum: Propeller support flange without spacer meters Nose wheel weight W Plumb bob distance from LS wheel LS wheel weight Plumb bob distance from RS wheel...

  • Page 49: C. G. Travel

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL W E I G H T & B A L A N C E C. G. TRAVEL Maximum admissible C.G. travel exceeds actual operational limits. Moreover, oc- cupants and fuel impact only marginally on CG travel. When on flat terrain, exceeding CG travel aft limit will cause aircraft tail to lower.
  • Page 50 Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS SECTION 7 AIRPLANE AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................2 AIRFRAME ......................2 FLIGHT CONTROLS ....................2 INSTRUMENT PANEL .................... 3 SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESS ................4 DOORS ........................4 BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT ................. 4 ENGINE ........................

  • Page 51: Introduction

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION This section provides description and operation of the aircraft and its systems. AIRFRAME The wing is made up of a central light alloy torque box; a composite leading edge is attached to the front spar and geometrically similar flap and aileron are hinged to rear.

  • Page 52: Instrument Panel

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS Flaps are extended via an electric servo actuator controlled by a switch on the dashboard. Flaps act in continuous mode. The electric circuit is protected by a breaker positioned on the right side of the dashboard. Longitudinal trim is performed by a small tab positioned on the stabilator and controlled via an electric servoactuator by pushing an Up/Down push-button located on the control stick or between the seats.

  • Page 53: Seats And Safety Harness

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESS Aircraft features three point fitting safety belts with waist and diagonal straps ad- justable via a sliding metal buckle. Seats on the can be of two types:  Standard seats are fiberglass with easily removable cushions. Seats may be ad- justed on ground by operating on the latch mechanism located below seating cushion.

  • Page 54: Fuel System

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS  Rotax 912 ULS Four stroke, horizontally-opposed 4 cylinder, mixed air and water cooled, twin electronic ignition, forced lubrication Maximum rating - 100 Hp (73.5 kW) a 5800 g/min Reduction gearbox - 2.4286:1 Prop. GT-2/173/VRR-FW 101 SRTC For further information, please refer to “Rotax Operator’s Manual”.

  • Page 55: Airspeed Indicator System

    Deluxe P92 Classic LIGHT MANUAL SYSTEMS AIRSPEED INDICATOR SYSTEM The aircraft's airspeed indicator system is shown below and consists of two static vents located on both sides of the aircraft forward of cabin and by a pitot tube lo- cated on left wing strut .
  • Page 56 Deluxe P92 Classic GROUND HANDLING LIGHT MANUAL AND SERVICE SECTION 8 GROUND HANDLING AND SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................2 AIRPLANE INSPECTION PERIODS ..............2 GROUND HANDLING .................... 2 GROUND ROUND ANCHORAGE (Optional) ............4 CLEANING AND CARE ..................5 edition –...

  • Page 57: Ground Handling And Service

    Deluxe P92 Classic GROUND HANDLING LIGHT MANUAL AND SERVICE INTRODUCTION This section contains factory-recommended procedures for proper ground han- dling and routine care and servicing. It also identifies certain inspection and main- tenance requirements which must be followed if the aircraft is to retain its new- plane performance and dependability.
  • Page 58 Deluxe P92 Classic GROUND HANDLING LIGHT MANUAL AND SERVICE JACKING Given the light empty weight, lifting one of the main wheels can easily be ac- complished even without the use of hydraulic jacks. It is in fact sufficient that while one person lifts one half-wing by acting on the spar immediately before the wingtip, another person places a suitable stand below the steel spring attachment.

  • Page 59: Ground Round Anchorage (Optional)

    Deluxe P92 Classic GROUND HANDLING LIGHT MANUAL AND SERVICE GROUND ANCHORAGE (OPTIONAL) The airplane should be moored for immovability, security and protection. FAA Advisory Circular AC 20-35C, Tiedown Sense, contains additional information regarding preparation for severe weather, tiedown, and related information. The following procedures should be used for the proper mooring of the airplane: Head the airplane into the wind if possible.

  • Page 60: Cleaning And Care

    Deluxe P92 Classic GROUND HANDLING LIGHT MANUAL AND SERVICE CLEANING AND CARE To clean painted surfaces, use a mild detergent such as shampoo normally used for car finish; use a soft cloth for drying The plastic windshield and windows should never be dusted when dry; use luke- warm soapy water and dry using chamois only.

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