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COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE
TECNAM
S.r.l.
FLIGHT MANUAL
P96 G
(ROTAX 912UL 81Hp or ROTAX 912ULS 100Hp engine)
M
:
ANUFACTURER
A
:
IRCRAFT TYPE
S
:...............................................................
ERIAL NUMBER
M
ANUFACTURING DATE
T
HIS MANUAL IS VALID FOR THE
R
912S 100 H
OR
OTAX
P ENGINE
F
OR EVIDENT SAFETY REASONS AND UPON READING THIS MANUAL FOR THE FIRST
,
TIME
IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERLINE
)
COLORED MARKER
ANY DIFFERENCES IN CHARTS AND TABLES AS APPLICABLE TO
.
PERSONAL AIRCRAFT
October ' 98
F
LIGHT MANUAL
& P96 Golf / 100
OLF
COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE
P96 G
& P96 G
OLF
:.....................................................................
WARNING
P96 G
OLF WITH EITHER
( P96 G
/100).
OLF
(
PERHAPS ALSO HIGHLIGHT WITH A
P96 Golf
P96 Golf / 100
I N T R O D U C T I O N
TECNAM
S.r.l.
/100
OLF
R
912 81 H
OTAX
P ENGINE
i-1
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Summary of Contents for Tecnam P96 GOLF
- Page 1 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. I N T R O D U C T I O N FLIGHT MANUAL P96 G & P96 Golf / 100 (ROTAX 912UL 81Hp or ROTAX 912ULS 100Hp engine) TECNAM S.r.l. ANUFACTURER COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 G &...
- Page 2 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. I N T R O D U C T I O N The Flight Manual must always be kept on board the aircraft. The aircraft described herein is to be operated in accordance with procedures and limitations described in this Flight Manual.
- Page 3 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. I N T R O D U C T I O N RECORD OF REVISIONS All revisions to the current Manual, except for actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table.
- Page 4 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. I N T R O D U C T I O N TABLE OF CONTENTS General Section1 Limitations Section2 Emergency procedures Section3 Normal procedures Section4 Performance Section5 Weight and balance...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L SECTION 1 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................2 WARNINGS - CAUTIONS - NOTES ................2 THREE VIEW DRAWING ..................3 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ....................4 CONTROL SURFACES TRAVEL LIMITS ..............4... -
Page 6: General
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L INTRODUCTION Il P96 G is a twin seat single engine aircraft with a rectangular cantilever low- wing, fixed main landing gear and steerable nose wheel. -
Page 7: Three View Drawing
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L THREE VIEW DRAWING NOTE Dimensions shown refer to aircraft weight of 544 kg and normal operating tire • pressure. Propeller clearance 360mm •... -
Page 8: Descriptive Data
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L DESCRIPTIVE DATA (P96 Golf & P96 Golf/100) WING Wing span: 8.7 m Wing chord 1.4 m Wing surface 12.2 m Wing loading 44.6 kg/m... -
Page 9: Engine
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L ENGINE P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Manufacturer: Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Model 912 UL 912 S Engine type: Four cylinder horizontally-... -
Page 10: Fuel
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L FUEL (P96 Golf & P96 Golf/100) Fuel grade: High octane gasoline DIN 51600, O-NORM 1103 (red) Unleaded gasoline DIN 51603, O-NORM 1101... -
Page 11: Weights
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L WEIGHTS (P96 Golf & P96 Golf/100) Maximum takeoff: 544 kg Standard empty weight 281 kg SPECIFIC LOADINGS P96 Golf P92 Gof 100 Wing Loading 44.6 kg/m... -
Page 12: Abbreviations And Terminology
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS Calibrated Airspeed: is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error. Indicated Airspeed: is the speed shown on the on-board airspeed indicator. - Page 13 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). Standard Temperature is 15°C at sea level pressure altitude and decreased by 2°C for each 1000 ft of altitude.
- Page 14 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY Datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances a measured for balance purposes. is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of grav (C.
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Page 15: Unit Conversion Factors
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. G E N E R A L UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS ULTIPLYING YIELDS EMPERATURE Fahrenheit [F°] Celsius [C°] ⋅ − Celsius [C°] Fahrenheit [F°] + ⋅... - Page 16 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS..................2 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS ..............3 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS................4 PROPELLER ......................5 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS............6 OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS (OPTIONAL) ..........7 WEIGHT LIMITS ......................7 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS................7...
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Page 17: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations INTRODUCTION Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for safe operation of the P96 G , , its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. -
Page 18: Airspeed Indicator Markings
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS Airspeed indicator markings and their color code are explained in the following table: For all model MARKING IAS kts SIGNIFICANCE White arc 33 – 60... -
Page 19: Powerplant Limitations
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS The following table lists operating limitations for aircraft installed engine: : Bombardier Rotax GmbH. NGINE MANUFACTURER : 912 UL / 912 S NGINE MODEL AXIMUM POWER... -
Page 20: Propeller
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations CAUTION Use of Aviation Grade Oil with or without additives is not permitted COOLANT: Mixture: 80% concentrated antifreeze (e.g. Fiat Paraflu) with anticorrosion additive and 20% demineralized water:... -
Page 21: Powerplant Instrument Markings
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Powerplant instrument markings and their color code significance are shown below: P96 Golf RED LINE GREEN ARC YELLOW ARC RED LINE Minimum Normal Caution... -
Page 22: Other Instrument Markings (Optional)
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations NOTE The table below is valid for both P96 models OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS (OPTIONAL) INSTRUMENT RED LINE GREEN ARC YELLOW ARC RED LINE Minimum limit Normal operating... -
Page 23: Fuel
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. Limitations FUEL : 35 liters each TWO TANKS : 70 liters TOTAL FUEL CAPACITY (Optional Fuel 90 liters) APPROVED FUEL ∗ High octane gasoline DIN 51600, O.NORM 1103 ∗... - Page 24 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM ANUALE DI VOLO S.r.l. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................2 ENGINE FAILURE....................2 FORCED LANDING ..................... 3 SMOKE AND FIRE ....................3 RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN ........... 4 DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) ..
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Page 25: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM ANUALE DI VOLO S.r.l. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION Section 3 includes checklists and detailed procedures to be used in the event of emergencies. Emergencies caused by a malfunction of the aircraft or engine are extremely rare if appropriate maintenance and pre-flight inspections are carried out. -
Page 26: Forced Landing
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM ANUALE DI VOLO S.r.l. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FORCED LANDING EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER Set glide speed to optimal value of 60 Kts Select terrain area most suitable for emergency landing, possibly upwind... -
Page 27: Recovery From Unintentional Spin
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM ANUALE DI VOLO S.r.l. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES NOTE DO NOT USE WATER to put out fire and do not open engine cowling until absolutely certain fire is extinguished. In case an appropriate fire extinguisher is not handy, still keeping engine cowling closed, it is possible to use a woolen blanket, sand or dirt to try smothering the fire. -
Page 28: Deployment Of Emergency Parachute (Optional Equipment)
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM ANUALE DI VOLO S.r.l. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) Keeping in mind that full deployment of parachute is achieved after two seconds, the following procedure is recommended: Try leveling aircraft as much as possible Minimum altitude for successful deployment is about 33m (100 ft). - Page 29 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................2 RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING ..........2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION..................3 CHECKLISTS ......................6 October ‘ 98...
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Page 30: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION Section 4 contains checklists and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal operation. RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING UPPER COWLING: Parking brake ON. Fuel shutoff valves OFF. -
Page 31: Preflight Inspection
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Before each flight, it is necessary to carry out a complete inspection of the aircraft as hereby detailed. CABIN INSPECTION A Weight and balance: check if within limits... - Page 32 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES EXTERNAL INSPECTION To carry out the external inspection it will be necessary to follow the checklist below with the station order outlined in fig. 4-1 A. Left side tank cap: Check proper fastening.
- Page 33 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES Check the cooling circuit for losses from tubing, check coolant reservoir level, insure radiator honeycomb cooling fins are unobstructed. WARNING ! III. Check lubrication circuit for losses from tubing, check oil reservoir level, insure radiator honeycomb cooling fins are unobstructed IV.
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Page 34: Checklists
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES FIG. 4-1 CHECKLISTS BEFORE STARTING ENGINE (after preflight inspection) I. Flight planning, fuel consumption, refueling. II. Aircraft loading and related inspections (see section 6) III. Seat and safety belts adjustment IV. - Page 35 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL Both fuel taps ON. S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES III. Engine throttle to idle. IV. Choke as needed. Electric fuel pump switch: ON. VI. Magnetos switch to ON. VII. Prop area: free VIII.
- Page 36 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES 912 S 912UL 50° - 100° Oil temperature 50° - 110° 135° Cylinder heads temperature 150° 1.5 - 7 Oil pressure 1.5 - 7 Check ammeter to insure alternator is charging.
- Page 37 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES CRUISE Reach cruising altitude Set power and engine rpm's for cruise. III. Check engine parameters 912 S 912UL 90° - 100° Oil temperature 90° - 110°...
- Page 38 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL Turn off all electrical utilities S.r.l. NORMAL PROCEDURES III. Set magnetos switch and Master switch to OFF Set both fuel taps to OFF. Insert hood over pitot tube located near left side wingtip.
- Page 39 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................2 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION .................... 3 STALL SPEEDS ....................... 4 CROSSWIND........................
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Page 40: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E INTRODUCTION This section provides all necessary data for accurate and comprehensive planning of flight activity from takeoff to landing. -
Page 41: Airspeed Calibration
; valid for flap settings (0°, 15° e 40°) expected during cruise, takeoff and landing. The graph is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf/100 P96 – Airspeed indicator adjustement CAS (kts) IAS (Km/h) Fig. -
Page 42: Stall Speeds
P E R F O R M A N C E STALL SPEEDS CONDITIONS: - weight 544 kg - engine idle - no ground effect NOTE The table below is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf/100. LATERAL BANKING 0° 30° 45° ° FLAPS... -
Page 43: Crosswind
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E CROSSWIND Maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity is 15 Kts ⇒ Example: Given Find Wind direction = 30° Headwind = 17.5 Kts... -
Page 44: Takeoff Performance
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF DISTANCE ONDITIONS - ISA - Flaps: 15° - Engine: full throttle - Slope: 0° Wind: zero... -
Page 45: Landing
- Runway: dry, compact, grass - Engine: throttle idle - Slope: 0° Wind: zero Distance over a 15 m obstacle The graph below is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf/100 Ground roll DISTANCE WEIGHT (Kg) Fig. 5-4. L ANDING October ‘98... -
Page 46: Climb Performance
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E CLIMB PERFORMANCE CLIMB RATE IN CLEAN CONFIGURATION ONDITIONS - ISA - Flaps: 0° - Weight 544 kg... - Page 47 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E NOTE • For each 10 kg weight increase, R/C decreases by 0.15 m/sec (30 ft/min). • For each 10 kg weight decrease, R/C increases by 0.15 m/sec (30 ft/min).
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Page 48: Cruise
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. P E R F O R M A N C E CRUISE ONDITIONS Altitude: 0 Wind: 0 P96 Golf CAS kts Hourly consumption [lt/h] 4300 4800 5000 P96 Golf/100... - Page 49 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. WEIGHT & BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT & BALANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................... 2 AIRCRAFT WEIGHING PROCEDURES ..............2 WEIGHING REPORT ....................3 C. G. TRAVEL......................4 October ‘ 98...
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Page 50: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. WEIGHT & BALANCE INTRODUCTION This section describes the procedure for establishing the basic empty weight and moment of the aircraft. Loading procedure information is also provided. AIRCRAFT WEIGHING PROCEDURES... -
Page 51: Weighing Report
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. WEIGHT & BALANCE MODEL P96 GOLF WEIGHING REPORT S/N:________ WEIGHING N°____ DATE:_________ Datum: Propeller support flange without spacer meters Nose wheel weight W Plumb bob distance from LS... -
Page 52: C. G. Travel
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. WEIGHT & BALANCE C. G. TRAVEL C.G. travel for all loading combinations is as follows: 22 - 25% of Mean Aerodynamic Chord October ‘ 98... - Page 53 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. S Y S T E M S SECTION 7 AIRPLANE AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................2 AIRFRAME ....................2 FLIGHT CONTROLS..................2 INSTRUMENT PANEL................. 3 SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESS ...............
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Page 54: Introduction
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. S Y S T E M S INTRODUCTION This section provides description and operation of the aircraft and its systems. AIRFRAME The wing is made up of a central light alloy torque box; a light alloy leading edge is attached to the front spar while flaps and ailerons hinge on aft spar;... -
Page 55: Instrument Panel
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL mixed type with push-rods and cables; the cable control circuit is confined within S.r.l. S Y S T E M S cabin and is connected to a pair of push-rods positioned in the wings that control ailerons differentially. -
Page 56: Seats And Safety Harness
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. S Y S T E M S SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESS Aircraft features four point fitting safety belts with waist and diagonal straps adjustable via a sliding metal buckle. -
Page 57: Electrical System
P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT MANUAL S.r.l. S Y S T E M S be operated with a switch located on left side of dashboard. A fuel pressure indicator monitors correct fuel feed to carbs. - Page 58 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT ANUAL S.r.l. GROUND HANDLING & SERVICE SECTION 8 GROUND HANDLING AND SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................2 AIRPLANE INSPECTION PERIODS..............2 GROUND HANDLING ..................2 CLEANING AND CARE..................3...
- Page 59 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT ANUAL S.r.l. GROUND HANDLING & SERVICE INTRODUCTION This section contains factory-recommended procedures for proper ground handling and routine care and servicing. It also identifies certain inspection and maintenance requirements which must be followed if the aircraft is to retain its new- plane performance and dependability.
- Page 60 P96 Golf COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf / 100 TECNAM LIGHT ANUAL S.r.l. GROUND HANDLING & SERVICE JACKING Given the light empty weight, lifting one of the main wheels can easily be accomplished even without the use of hydraulic jacks. It is in fact sufficient that while one person lifts one half-wing by acting on the spar immediately before the wingtip, another person places a suitable stand below the steel spring attachment.
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