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Hioki 3156 Instruction Manual

Hioki 3156 Instruction Manual

Leak current hitester
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Instruction Manual
3156
LEAK CURRENT
HiTESTER
August 2009 Revised edition 10 3156A981-10 09-08H

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  • Page 1 Instruction Manual 3156 LEAK CURRENT HiTESTER August 2009 Revised edition 10 3156A981-10 09-08H...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Contents Introduction.................1 Standard Accessories ..............1 Safety Notes................2 Usage Notes................5 Chapter 1 Overview _________________________ 9 Instrument Overview .............9 Features ..............10 About Leakage Current Measurement ......11 1.3.1 What is Leakage Current? ..........11 1.3.2 Leakage Current Measurement Complying with Standards ..............11 1.3.3 Types of Leakage Current Measurement ......13 Measurement Flowchart..........20 Chapter 2 Parts Names______________________ 21...
  • Page 4 Contents 4.3.3 Measuring Leakage Current between Enclosure and Line ........44 Patient Leakage Current I Measurement....46 Patient Leakage Current II Measurement....47 Patient Leakage Current III Measurement....48 Patient Auxiliary Current Measurement...... 49 Chapter 5 Measurement Method ______________ 51 Selecting a Network............
  • Page 5 Event Registers ............119 7.4.5 Initialization Items ............122 Message Reference ..........123 7.5.1 Common Messages ............123 7.5.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 ........124 Message Reference ..........129 7.6.1 Message Reference ............130 7.6.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 ........135 Loading All Saved Data..........191 Troubleshooting ............192 Device Compliance Statement........193...
  • Page 6 Contents Chapter 9 Using the Printer _________________ 209 Preparation before Connection......... 209 Connection Method ..........212 Chapter 10 Specifications __________________ 215 10.1 Measurement Functions ........... 215 10.2 Measurement System ..........216 10.3 Other Functions ............217 10.4 System-related Functions......... 219 10.5 Accuracy..............

  • Page 7: Introduction

    Introduction Introduction Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI “3156 LEAK CURRENT HiT- ESTER”. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read this manual first, and keep it handy for future reference. Standard Accessories Checking the contents of the package When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping.

  • Page 8: Safety Notes

    Safety Notes Safety Notes This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the instrument. However, using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features.
  • Page 9 Safety Notes Other Symbols Indicates the prohibited action. Indicates the reference. Indicates descriptions relating to the GP-IB only. Indicates descriptions relating to the RS-232C only. Accuracy We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading) and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings: f.s.
  • Page 10 Safety Notes Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories) This instrument complies with CAT II (300 V) safety requirements. To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety standards for various electrical environments, cate- gorized as CAT I to CAT IV, and called measurement categories. These are defined as follows.

  • Page 11: Usage Notes

    If the instrument operates abnormally or displays an abnormal indication, turn off the power switch immediately, and contact your dealer or Hioki rep- resentative.
  • Page 12 Usage Notes Precautions before measurement • Before turning on the instrument, confirm that the voltage of the power source matches the voltage specification indicated on the instrument's power connector ([AC IN]). (The voltage specification (100, 120, 220 or 240 V) ordered by the customer is marked with a black dot in the line voltage column on the rear panel.)
  • Page 13 L, N and E (Earth). Connect the wires as shown below. Other wiring configurations may cause electric shock or damage. 3156 Terminal block (cable case) Power cord Note. If the power cord does not include an earth (E) line, connect only the L and N terminals.
  • Page 14 Usage Notes...

  • Page 15: Chapter 1 Overview

    1.1 Instrument Overview HIOKI Chapter 1 Overview 1.1 Instrument Overview To ensure the safe use of electrical products, it is necessary to con- duct electrical safety tests such as insulation resistance, withstand voltage, ground resistance, and leakage current. This instrument can be used to measure leakage current in all types of electrical products ranging from computers to medical equipment.

  • Page 16: Features

    1.2 Features HIOKI 1.2 Features Wide range of measurement networks in compliance with standards and laws To test electrical equipment for leakage current, it is necessary to use a mea- surement network that simulates the human body in compliance with applica- ble standards or laws.

  • Page 17: About Leakage Current Measurement

    1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement 1.3.1 What is Leakage Current? High voltage is generated in an electrical appliance that uses a com- mercial power supply as its main power source. Should an abnormality occur in such an appliance (due to faulty design or fault), electric cur- rent flows through the body of anyone who touches the appliance.
  • Page 18 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI Standards requiring leakage current measurement Electrical equipment Audio, video, and similar electronic apparatus General International IEC60065 ('98) - Safety requirements Safety of household and similar electrical appliances IEC60335-1 ('01) Part 1: General requirements Information technology equipment - Safety...

  • Page 19: Types Of Leakage Current Measurement

    1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI 1.3.3 Types of Leakage Current Measurement Malfunctioning Malfunctioning 故障機器 故障機器 Patient leakage equipment equipment current III Signal input/ output section F-type applied part Patient leakage current II Applied part Earth leakage current Patient leakage...
  • Page 20 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI (1) Earth leakage current Signal input/ output section Applied part Earth leakage current is electric current that flows through a protective grounding wire to the ground. Class-II equipment does not require the measurement of earth leakage current since it has no protective grounding wire.
  • Page 21 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI Signal input/ output section Applied part Leakage current between enclosure and enclosure Enclosure leakage current is electric current that flows through a per- son who touches an ungrounded enclosed section of equipment. It does not include current that flows to the human body in contact with an applied part.
  • Page 22 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI (3) Patient leakage current Signal input/ output section Patient leakage current I Applied part There are three types of patient leakage current (I, II, and III). Patient leakage current is electric current that flows through the human body in contact with an applied part.
  • Page 23 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI Malfunctioning 故障機器 equipment Signal input/ Patient leakage output section current II Applied part Patient leakage Malfunctioning 故障機器 current III equipment Signal input/ output section F-type applied part...
  • Page 24 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI List of Leakage-Current Measurement Items Single-fault (Description of fault) Normal condition condition 1. One wire in the power cord is disconnected. 2. The protective grounding wire is disconnected. *1 Enclosure leakage current Apply 110% of the rated power supply voltage between the insulated signal input/output section and ground.
  • Page 25 1.3 About Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI (Description of measurement) Remarks *2 The leakage current measurement between enclosure Electric current that flows between: Enclosure 　　line not applicable to testing medical electrical Line *2 Enclosure Ground Enclosure Enclosure Electric current that flows between: This test is applicable only to Class-I equipment.

  • Page 26: Measurement Flowchart

    1.4 Measurement Flowchart Start Connect the power cord. 3.1, "Connecting the Power Cord" (page 27) Turn on the power switch of the 3156. 3.3, "Turning Power On" (page 31) Select a m easurem ent network. 5.1, "Selecting a Network" (page 51) Select a grounding class/applied part.

  • Page 27: Chapter 2 Parts Names

    2.1 External Dimensions HIOKI Chapter 2 Parts Names 2.1 External Dimensions ± ± Unit: mm ± ± 付録 索引...

  • Page 28: Instrument Labels And Functions

    2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions HIOKI 2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions Front Panel...
  • Page 29 2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions HIOKI Detects overcurrent in the power line for equipment under test and activates a protective device. (Rated current: 15 A) Circuit breaker : ON (for normal measuring operation) : OFF (idle condition or when overcurrent protection device has been triggered) Covers the terminal block to prevent electric shock.
  • Page 30 2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions HIOKI Rear Panel Used for input of the power supply to operate the instrument. Power inlet [AC IN] Used to connect the power cord provided. Marked with a black dot ( ) in the power line voltage specification Power source rating section.
  • Page 31 2.2 Instrument Labels and Functions HIOKI Side Panell Used to carry the instrument. Handle Used to tilt the instrument. Stand Do not apply strong downward pressure with the stand extended. Damage to the stand will result. 付録 索引...

  • Page 32: About The Touch Panel

    Do not use excessive force on the touch panel, and do not use sharp objects that could damage the touch screen. The 3156 uses a touch panel for setting and changing all of the mea- surement conditions. Simply by touching the LCD screen at certain...

  • Page 33: Chapter 3 Measurement Preparations

    3.1 Connecting the Power Cord HIOKI Measurement Chapter 3 Preparations 3.1 Connecting the Power Cord Before connecting the power cord, confirm that the voltage of the power source matches the voltage specification indicated on the instrument's power connector ([AC IN]). (The voltage...
  • Page 34 3.1 Connecting the Power Cord HIOKI Connecting the power cord Confirm that the main power switch on Isolation transformer the front panel of the main instrument and the circuit breaker are turned off. Connect the power cord to the [AC IN]...

  • Page 35: Connecting The 9170-10 Test Lead

    3.2 Connecting the 9170-10 TEST LEAD HIOKI 3.2 Connecting the 9170-10 TEST LEAD To avoid the risk of electric shock, do not touch the tips of test leads connected to terminals T1, T2, and T3. In some measurement modes, high voltage is output from the terminals.

  • Page 36: Using The 9195 Enclosure Probe

    3.2 Connecting the 9170-10 TEST LEAD HIOKI 3.2.1 Using the 9195 ENCLOSURE PROBE When measuring enclosure leakage current, position the surface con- tact probe on the enclosure of the equipment under test, then set the test lead on the surface contact probe.

  • Page 37: Turning Power On

    3.3 Turning Power On HIOKI 3.3 Turning Power On Before turning on the instrument, confirm that the voltage of the power source matches the voltage specification indicated on the instrument's power connector ([AC IN]). (The voltage specifi- cation (100, 120, 220 or 240 V) ordered by the customer is...
  • Page 38 3.3 Turning Power On HIOKI Turning on the power Power switch (ON: I ) Turn on the power switch (ON: ) on the front panel. The LCD shows the opening message. The network select screen appears by default. If the instrument was turned off with the LCD showing the measurement screen at last use, that measurement screen appears.

  • Page 39: Turning Power Off

    3.4 Turning Power Off HIOKI 3.4 Turning Power Off Always turn off the power switch of equipment under test before turn- ing off power of the instrument to avoid damaging the equipment under test. The instrument uses an internal relay for switching the power line for equipment under test.

  • Page 40: Turning The Circuit Breaker On And Off

    3.5 Turning the Circuit Breaker ON and OFF HIOKI 3.5 Turning the Circuit Breaker ON and OFF Circuit breaker ON Circuit breaker OFF...

  • Page 41: Pre-Test Inspection

    3.6 Pre-Test Inspection HIOKI 3.6 Pre-Test Inspection The instrument’s current detection circuit includes a fuse. If the fuse blows due to miswiring or over-current conditions, current cannot be detected. Before measuring, confirm that the fuse has not blown. Perform the pre-test inspection according to the following procedure.
  • Page 42 -3. When selecting network D, The resistance should be 1560 ±10Ω. Resistance Measurement Example If the resistance is not 1060 ±10Ω, 2060 ±10Ω, or 1560 ±10Ω, A fuse within the instrument may have blown. Contact your dealer (Hioki agent) or nearest Hioki sales office.

  • Page 43: Chapter 4 Connection

    HIOKI Chapter 4 Connection When a measurement mode is selected, the measuring terminals (T1, T2, and T3) to be used for measurement are indicated at the top of the screen. Connect the test leads based on the indications displayed. When earth leakage current measurement mode is selected, no test lead is used.

  • Page 44: Using The Terminal Block

    4.1 Using the Terminal Block HIOKI 4.1 Using the Terminal Block When connecting the 3156 instrument to equipment under test with a power cord, use the terminal block. When reinstalling the terminal block cover, hang the connected wires straight down to prevent the wires from being pinched by the cover.

  • Page 45: Earth Leakage Current Measurement

    4.2 Earth Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI 4.2 Earth Leakage Current Measurement 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord. 2. Start earth leakage current measurement. Using a wiring adapter Obtain and use a wiring adapter as shown below.

  • Page 46: Enclosure Leakage Current Measurement

    Measurement 4.3.1 Measuring Leakage Current between Enclosure and Earth 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord. 2. Connect a test lead to terminal T2. 3. Position the tip of the test lead on the equipment under test, then begin leakage current measurement between enclosure and earth.
  • Page 47 To avoid electric shock, do not touch the tip of the test lead con- nected with terminal T3. Terminal 3 outputs high voltage. 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord.

  • Page 48: Measuring Leakage Current Between Enclosure And Enclosure

    HIOKI 4.3.2 Measuring Leakage Current between Enclosure and Enclosure 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord. 2. Connect test leads to terminals T1 and T2. 3. Position the tips of test leads on the enclosure of the equipment under test, then start leakage current between enclosure and enclosure measurement.
  • Page 49 To avoid electric shock, do not touch the tip of the test lead con- nected with terminal T3. Terminal 3 outputs high voltage. 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord.

  • Page 50: Measuring Leakage Current Between Enclosure And Line

    To avoid electric shock, do not touch the tip of the test lead con- nected with terminal T2. Terminal 2 outputs high voltage. 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord.
  • Page 51 4.3 Enclosure Leakage Current Measurement HIOKI Application of leakage current measurement between enclosure and line The power terminal block of the instrument cannot be connected with equipment under test over 1500 VA. Leakage current between enclo- sure and line can be measured with equipment over 1500 VA, how- ever, by using terminals T1 and T2.

  • Page 52: Patient Leakage Current I Measurement

    (only when selecting a network B) Measuring the class-I equipment and class-II equipment 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord. 2. Connect a test lead to terminal T2.

  • Page 53: Patient Leakage Current Ii Measurement

    To avoid electric shock, do not touch the tip of the test lead con- nected with terminal T3. Terminal 3 outputs high voltage. 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord.

  • Page 54: Patient Leakage Current Iii Measurement

    To avoid electric shock, do not touch the tip of the test lead con- nected with terminal T2. Terminal 2 outputs high voltage. 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord.

  • Page 55: Patient Auxiliary Current Measurement

    HIOKI 4.7 Patient Auxiliary Current Measurement (only when selecting a network B) 1. As shown in the diagram, connect the 3156 instrument to equip- ment under test with a power cord. 2. Connect test leads to terminals T1 and T2.
  • Page 56 4.7 Patient Auxiliary Current Measurement HIOKI...

  • Page 57: Chapter 5 Measurement Method

    HIOKI Measurement Chapter 5 Method 5.1 Selecting a Network After the power switch of the 3156 instrument is set to ON ( ), the net- work select screen appears. For compliance with JIS Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law For medical electrical equipment...

  • Page 58: Selecting The Grounding Class Of Equipment Under Test

    * Measurement of Patient leakage current I in internally powered equipment is supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on. Register the equipment name/control number. (page 53) Setting screen of equipment under test...

  • Page 59: Registering An Equipment Name/Control Number

    5.2 Selecting the Grounding Class of Equipment Under Test HIOKI 5.2.1 Registering an Equipment Name/Control Number An equipment name and a control number can be registered. The name and number registered are included in the data that is printed or saved.

  • Page 60: Selecting A Measurement Mode

    5.3 Selecting a Measurement Mode HIOKI Press to register the input and return to the setting screen of the equipment under test. Press to display the numeric character input screen. Enter a control number. Numeric character input screen Press to register the input and return to the setting screen of the equipment under test.
  • Page 61 5.3 Selecting a Measurement Mode HIOKI Selectable measurement modes When selecting network A, C, D, E, or F (all except B) Grounding class Internally powered Class-I equipment Class-II equipment Measurement mode equipment Earth leakage current Leakage current between enclosure and...

  • Page 62: Setting Measurement Items

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4 Setting Measurement Items When the measurement method is set to [MANUAL] on the measure- ment screen, the measurement starts. The measurement conditions can be changed during measurement. The following example shows the earth leakage current measurement screen.
  • Page 63 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI About indication of "equipment status" in currently executed measurement (or at maximum value acquisition) The indication below the measurement value (or maximum value) on the measurement screen describes the conditions under which the value was obtained.

  • Page 64: Performing Zero Adjustment

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.1 Performing Zero Adjustment (in earth leakage current measurement mode only) Perform zero adjustment before conducting earth leakage current measurement. Zero adjustment eliminates measurement deviation caused by the leakage current from a wiring adapter (extension cord).
  • Page 65 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI After zero adjustment is completed, display returns to the measurement screen. When zero adjustment is effective, a symbol and the amount cancelled (i.e., amount of leakage current from wiring adapter) are displayed, as in the screen shown at left, to indicate that compensation by zero adjustment is being applied.

  • Page 66: Setting The Allowable Value

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.2 Setting the Allowable Value Set the allowable value (upper-limit leakage current value) for the measurement value and maximum value. According to the status (normal condition, single-fault condition) of the equipment under test, two values can be set.
  • Page 67 I and patient auxilary current measurements. 付録 This function is supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version informa- tion is displayed when the 3156 is turned on. For measurements other than these, the same allowable value is used for both AC and DC.

  • Page 68: Setting The Filter

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.3 Setting the Filter (when selecting network A, B, or C) Turn the filter for the measurement network ON and OFF or change the setting of the filter. In manual measurement, the measurement value can be checked while switching the filter ON and OFF.
  • Page 69 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI (2) When selecting network B On the measurement screen, press to display the network filter set- ting screen. Change the setting of the filter for the network. Sets the network with a frequency characteristic. Ω...

  • Page 70: Selecting The Type Of Target Current

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.4 Selecting the Type of Target Current • The measurement screen shows only when the target current is selectable. • When network C is selected with the filter setting OFF, setting the target current to "AC Peak" automatically sets the filter for the measurement network to "ON1."...
  • Page 71 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI On the measurement screen, press to display the target current set- ting screen. Select the type of target current. For AC measurement For DC measurement For AC + DC measurement For AC peak measurement Press to return to the measure- ment screen.

  • Page 72: Setting The Measurement Range (Auto/Hold)

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.5 Setting the Measurement Range (Auto/Hold) OVER FLOW • If the range is exceeded, all indications show " ”. • The maximum indication value differs for network D and network F. (The range name indicated is the name of the representative network Ω...
  • Page 73 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI On the measurement screen, press to display the measurement range setting screen. Select a measurement range. Sets the current range to the Auto (automatic) range. Sets the current range to the Hold (fixed) range. Selecting the Hold range displays a set of range setting keys.
  • Page 74 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI Range of indication when setting unit of current measurement to Auto (automatic) mode For details of accuracy guaranteed range: 10.5, "Accuracy" (page 220) When selecting network A, B, C, or E (Measurement of AC, DC, or AC+DC) μ...
  • Page 75 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI Range of indication when setting unit of current measurement to Hold (fixed) mode For details of setting the unit of current measurement to mA: 6.9, "Setting the Mode" (page 97) For details of accuracy guaranteed range: 10.5, "Accuracy"...
  • Page 76 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI About "!" • When measuring in Hold (fixed) range setting, if a portion of measuring current goes over the input allowable range for the FAIL circuit, "!" together with " " may be displayed on the mea- suring screen.

  • Page 77: Changing The Measurement Method (Auto/Manual)

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.6 Changing the Measurement Method (Auto/Manual) (1) Manual measurement The measurement value can be checked while changing the target current, filter setting, power supply polarity, and equipment status. (2) Automatic measurement The power supply polarity and equipment status are automatically switched during measurement.

  • Page 78: Automatic Measurement

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.8 Automatic Measurement The power supply polarity and equipment status are automatically switched during measurement. The item to be switched automatically can be selected and the measuring time set. On the measurement screen, press to display the manual/auto measurement setting screen.
  • Page 79 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI (1) Setting automatic measurement items On the automatic measurement set- ting screen, press to display the automatic measurement item setting screen. The ON/OFF indication above each key indicates whether automatic mea- surement is conducted for that item.
  • Page 80 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI Line phase in leakage current mea- surement between enclosure and line Conducts measurement with volt- age of the L (live) side of power supplied to [LINE IN]. Conducts measurement with volt- age of the N (neutral) side of power supplied to [LINE IN].
  • Page 81 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI (2) Setting the measurement delay (delay time) On the automatic measurement set- ting screen, press to display the measurement delay time setting screen. Period from when measurement ends to when one wire is discon- nected (when next measurement item is "disconnection of one wire in...
  • Page 82 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI Press and set Delay (b). (1 sec. to 30 min. (in 1 sec. increments) Increments the numeric value. Decrements the numeric value. Switching the power supply polarity results in a condition similar to a momentary power outage.

  • Page 83: Printing Measurement Data

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.9 Printing Measurement Data Measurement data (maximum values) can be printed out. • The 9442 PRINTER (option) is required for printing measurement data. • Set the interface to "Printer" before printing. 6.7, "Selecting an Interface" (page 92)

  • Page 84: Saving Measurement Data

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.10Saving Measurement Data Measurement data (maximum values) can be saved in internal mem- ory. Saved data can be checked on the saved data reference screen after measurement is completed. 6.10, "Checking Saved Measurement Data" (page 99)

  • Page 85: Saving Measurement Conditions (Panel Save Function)

    5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI 5.4.11 Saving Measurement Conditions (Panel Save Function) Up to 30 panels of measurement condition data can be saved in inter- nal memory. Saved measurement conditions can be read at a later date. 6.11, "Loading Saved Measurement Conditions" (page 104) The following conditions are saved in a panel.
  • Page 86 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI On the measurement screen, press to display the screen for select- ing the data to be saved. Press to display the screen for selecting a panel number for saving measurement conditions. Select a panel number for saving data.
  • Page 87 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI When a panel number is selected, a panel save confirmation screen then appears. Press and enter a panel name. Entering a panel name enables data to be easily identified when read out later. If no panel name is entered, the panel...
  • Page 88 5.4 Setting Measurement Items HIOKI...

  • Page 89: Chapter 6 System Screen

    HIOKI Chapter 6 System Screen System Screen Initial screen The system screen shows the setting items for main instrument functions and data manage- ment. Press a key to display the correspond- ing function screen. System screen For selecting interface and setting...

  • Page 90: Initializing The Instrument

    6.1 Initializing the Instrument HIOKI 6.1 Initializing the Instrument Press on the initial screen to display the system screen. Press to display the initialization screen. After an initialization condition is selected, confirmation screen appears. Deletes all data including measure- ment conditions and measurement data.
  • Page 91 6.1 Initializing the Instrument HIOKI When "Default condition" is selected Press to reset the system (i.e., restore the default conditions set at the factory). The network select screen is displayed. Press to return to the initialization screen without executing system initial- ization.

  • Page 92: Setting Date And Time

    6.2 Setting Date and Time HIOKI 6.2 Setting Date and Time Press on the initial screen to display the system screen. Press to display the date/time setting screen. (The screen shows the present time.) Set the date and time. From left to right, the displayed setting keys are assigned to year, month, day, hours, and minutes.

  • Page 93: Setting The Beep Sound

    6.3 Setting the Beep Sound HIOKI 6.3 Setting the Beep Sound Press on the initial screen to display the system screen. Press to display the beep sound setting screen. Enter beep sound settings. Setting beep sound for key entry Generates a beep sound when key entry is made.

  • Page 94: Self-Test

    If the screen shows " ", RAM TEST NG! the instrument is malfunctioning. Contact your dealer (Hioki agent) or the nearest Hioki sales office. When is selected The screen shows 12 black keys. Press these keys one by one.
  • Page 95 Press to activate the buzzer. Press to stop the buzzer. If the buzzer does not sound, the instru- ment requires repair. Contact your dealer (Hioki agent) or the nearest Hioki sales office. Press to return to the self-test screen. When...

  • Page 96: Setting The Backlight

    6.5 Setting the Backlight HIOKI 6.5 Setting the Backlight The backlight of the LCD panel on the front panel can be set to Con- stant ON or Auto OFF. When a PC is connected for measurement control and the instrument display is not used, the backlight is turned off to prolong the service life of LCD parts and save energy.

  • Page 97: Setting The Display Language

    6.6 Setting the Display Language HIOKI When "Auto OFF" is selected Set a desired time for the backlight auto OFF function. (1 to 30 min. (in 1 min. incre- ments)) Increments the numeric value. Decrements the numeric value. Press to return to the system screen.

  • Page 98: Selecting An Interface

    6.7 Selecting an Interface HIOKI 6.7 Selecting an Interface Press on the initial screen to display the system screen. Press to display the interface setting screen. Select an interface. Sets the interface connection desti- nation to RS-232C. Sets the interface connection desti- nation to Printer.
  • Page 99 6.7 Selecting an Interface HIOKI When "Printer" is selected Data can be printed by connecting the optional 9442 PRINTER to the RS-232C port on the rear panel of the main instru- ment. When the printer is connected, RS- 232C or GP-IB cannot be used to commu- nicate with a PC.

  • Page 100: Checking The Power Line For Equipment Under Test

    6.8 Checking the Power Line for Equipment Under Test HIOKI 6.8 Checking the Power Line for Equipment Under Test Various tests can be conducted on the power line for equipment under test. Press on the initial screen to display the system screen.

  • Page 101: About The Ng Indication

    6.8 Checking the Power Line for Equipment Under Test HIOKI 6.8.1 About the NG Indication If the result of a check is judged not normal, an " " indication appears to the right of the corresponding item, along with a key for the display of details.
  • Page 102 6.8 Checking the Power Line for Equipment Under Test HIOKI (2) If the current check results in NG • If the power supply voltage is lower than 150 V, the current must be 15 A or lower. • If the power supply voltage is 150 V or higher, the current must be 7 A or lower.

  • Page 103: Setting The Mode

    6.9 Setting the Mode HIOKI 6.9 Setting the Mode Press on the initial screen to display the system screen. Press to display the mode setting screen. Select a mode. Mode setting screen When mode is selected Use the instrument in ammeter mode for normal use.
  • Page 104 The instrument can also be used as a general high-frequency voltmeter. Ｖ 3156 (Set to voltmeter mode) When the instrument is used as a voltmeter, it does not function as a leakage current tester. Setting to voltmeter mode results in an open internal network circuit.

  • Page 105: Checking Saved Measurement Data

    6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data HIOKI 6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data This screen displays the measurement data saved by using the mea- surement screen. It also allows the deletion and printing of measurement data (when the optional 9442 PRINTER is connected).

  • Page 106: Deleting Saved Data

    6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data HIOKI 6.10.1Deleting Saved Data to select a data unit to delete. Press A confirmation screen appears. Press to delete the selected data unit. To delete two or more data units, repeat steps through Press to return to the system screen.

  • Page 107: Printing Saved Data (With 9442 Printer Connected)

    6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data HIOKI 6.10.2Printing Saved Data (with 9442 PRINTER connected) * The 9442 PRINTER (option) is required to print saved data. to select a data unit to print. Press to print the data of the selected data unit.

  • Page 108: Displaying All Measurement Reference

    6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data HIOKI 6.10.3Displaying All Measurement Reference Information for Selected Mode Press on the measurement data reference screen to display the mea- surement data reference (details) screen. When there are six or more combina- tions, use to scroll the page.

  • Page 109: Changing The Data Unit Mode

    6.10 Checking Saved Measurement Data HIOKI 6.10.4Changing the Data Unit Mode Press to switch the mode used for the data unit. On the sample screen, the mode changes in the following order: → → Earth Leak En-Ea Leak → En-En Leak Pat.Aux.

  • Page 110: Loading Saved Measurement Conditions

    6.11 Loading Saved Measurement Conditions HIOKI 6.11 Loading Saved Measurement Conditions Measurement conditions saved by using the measurement screen can be loaded (read). The following lists the saved measurement conditions. Measurement items, target current mode, network, measurement range, filter setting, comparator allowable value (normal condition,...

  • Page 111: Chapter 7 Gp-Ib/Rs-232C Interface

    • It is vital that the proper data format is used when inputting com- mands with data values to the 3156. 7.1 Overview and Features All functions except for the power switch and self-test functions can be controlled via GP-IB/RS-232C.

  • Page 112: Specifications

    7.2 Specifications HIOKI 7.2 Specifications 7.2.1 Specifications of RS-232C Transfer system Communication : Full duplex Synchronization : Start-stop synchronization Baud rate 9600 bps Data length 8 bits Parity none Stop bit 1 bit Message terminator Receiving data : CR+LF, CR...

  • Page 113: Specifications Of Gp-Ib

    7.2 Specifications HIOKI 7.2.2 Specifications of GP-IB Interface Functions All source handshake functions All acceptor handshake functions Basic talk functions Serial poll function No talk-only mode The talker cancellation function with MLA (My Listen Address) Basic listener functions No listen-only mode The listener cancellation function with MTA (My Talk Address) is provided.

  • Page 114: Connection And Setting

    3156 and the controller. D-sub 9Pin male connector with M2.6 set screws The I/O connector is designed for the terminal (DTE). The 3156 uses pins Nos. 2, 3, and 5. All other pins are not used. CCITT Signal Functions Name...

  • Page 115: Communication Conditions

    7.3 Connection and Setting HIOKI When connecting the 3156 and PC/AT (DOS/V) Use a crossing cable comprising two D-sub 9Pin female connectors. Cross connection D-sub 9pin female D-sub 9pin femal Recommended 3156 PC/AT cable: Pin No. Pin No. HIOKI 9637 RS-232C CABLE (1.8 m)

  • Page 116: Screen Display

    7.3 Connection and Setting HIOKI 7.3.3 Screen Display During communications (in the remote state), the LOCK key to release the remote state is displayed on the screen. Press this key to resume the normal state (local state). This key is disabled if the GP-IB controller has put the instrument into the local lock out state.

  • Page 117: Communication Methods

    Various messages are supported in order to control the 3156 through the interface. Messages are divided into program messages, which are sent to the 3156 from the PC, and response messages, which are sent to the PC from the 3156. Program messages...
  • Page 118 If an error occurs when the query message is received, the query does not produce response message. Command Syntax The names of commands for the 3156 are as far as possible mne- monic. Furthermore, all commands have a long form, and an abbrevi- ated short form.
  • Page 119 7.4 Communication Methods HIOKI Message The 3156 supports the following message terminators. Terminators • LF • CR • CR+LF • CR+LF • EOI • LF with EOI The following response message terminators can be selected depend- ing on the interface setting.
  • Page 120 +9.999E+10 The 3156 does not completely support IEEE 488.2. Use the data shown in Section 7.5 "Message Reference" (page 123) as far as pos- sible, but be warned that the input buffer or output queue may overflow...
  • Page 121 However, in order to prevent confusion with abbreviated forms and mistakes in operation, it is rec- ommended practice always to prefix " " to headers. On the 3156, the current paths are as follows (common in GP-IB and RS-232C). :CONFigure: :CONFigure:WTIMe:...

  • Page 122: Output Queue And Input Buffer

    • When a device clear is issued. • When the power is turned off and turned on again. • When a query error is generated. The 3156 has an output queue of byte capacity. If the response messages overflow this limit of byte, a query error is generated, and the output queue is cleared.

  • Page 123: Status Byte Register

    HIOKI 7.4.3 Status Byte Register In its implementation of the serial polling function using service requests, the 3156 employs the status model specified by IEEE 488.2. The term "event" refers to any phenomenon which generates a service request. Represents standard event register...
  • Page 124 7.4 Communication Methods HIOKI Status byte register (STB) The status byte register is an 8-bit register whose contents are output from the main instrument to the controller, when serial polling is being performed. If even only one bit in the status byte register has changed from 0 to 1...

  • Page 125: Event Registers

    7.4 Communication Methods HIOKI 7.4.4 Event Registers Standard event status register (SESR) The standard event status register is an 8-bit register. It is possible to determine the status of the instrument by reading these registers. If any bit in the standard event status register is set to 1 (after masking by the standard event status enable register), bit 5 (ESB) of the status byte register is set to 1.
  • Page 126 PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC Standard event status enable register (SESER) Event status registers specific to the 3156 (ESR0) The 3156 has two event status registers. The event status registers are each 8-bit registers. It is possible to determine the status of the instrument by reading these registers.
  • Page 127 7.4 Communication Methods HIOKI Event status registers 0 (ESR0), 1 (ESR1) and event status enable registers 0 (ESER0), 1 (ESER1) Status byte register (STB) bit2 bit1 bit0 Event status register 0 (ESR0) ESB0 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1...

  • Page 128: Initialization Items

    7.4 Communication Methods HIOKI 7.4.5 Initialization Items : initialized / : not initialized Initialization method *RST *CLS Power on Item command command Device specific functions (ranges etc.) Output queue Input buffer Event registers Current path Headers on/off *1 Except the PON bit (bit 7).

  • Page 129: Message Reference

    7.5 Message Reference HIOKI 7.5 Message Reference The command specific to GP-IB interface is identified with Any typographical mistakes in the message will result in a command error. 7.5.1 Common Messages Message Explanation page Clears event registers and status byte registers...

  • Page 130: Messages Specific To The 3156

    7.5 Message Reference HIOKI 7.5.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 Setting of the equipment under test Message Explanation page Sets the grounding class of equipment under test :EQUipment :EQUipment? Queries the grounding class of equipment under test Sets the equipment name/control number of equipment...
  • Page 131 Queries the application line for leakage current :LINE? measurement between enclosure and line :MAXimum:CLEar Clears the maximum value * Supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on. Manual measurement Message Explanation page...
  • Page 132 7.5 Message Reference HIOKI Automatic measurement Message Explanation page Queries the automatic measurement completion :AMC? :CONFigure:AUTO:KIND Sets the type of automatic measurement :CONFigure:AUTO:KIND? Queries the type of automatic measurement Sets the measuring time of automatic measurement :CONFigure:MTIMe :CONFigure:MTIMe? Queries the measuring time of automatic measurement...
  • Page 133 7.5 Message Reference HIOKI Saved data Message Explanation page Deletes the saved data :MEMory:CLEar :MEMory:NUMBer? Queries the number of models in the saved data Queries the equipment name/control number of the saved :MEMory:READ:IDENtity? data :MEMory:READ:MEASure? Reads saved data :MEMory:SAVE:AUTO Saves automatic measurement results...
  • Page 134 :SYSTem:LOAD Loads a panel :SYSTem:MODE Sets the mode :SYSTem:MODE? Queries the mode :SYSTem:SAVE Saves a panel :SYSTem:RESet Initializes the 3156 :SYSTem:TEST:VA? Queries the VA check :SYSTem:TIME Sets the time :SYSTem:TIME? Queries the time :SYSTem:UNIT Sets the unit of current measurement...

  • Page 135: Message Reference

    • In automatic measurement (Command) regarding use of the command. "Command" is displayed only Note Use this command after executing the :MODE command to activate earth leakage current mode. when the note is related to command. Command, Query 3156 Response 付録 索引...

  • Page 136: Message Reference

    7.6 Message Reference HIOKI 7.6.1 Message Reference The command specific to GP-IB interface is identified with Clears event registers and status byte registers Syntax Command *CLS Function Command Clears the content of event registers (SESR, ESR0) as well as the bits of the corresponding status byte registers.
  • Page 137 No header is prefixed to the response mes- sage. Example Query *IDN? Response HIOKI,3156,0,V1.00 The equipment ID is "HIOKI, 3156, 0, 1.00 (software version)." Error If the response message exceeds the output queue size, a query error occurs. 付録 索引...
  • Page 138 Restores the default settings (factor settings) Syntax Command *RST Function Command The initial screen appears after initialization is completed. Same as specifying with 3156 initialization command :SYSTem:RESet Example Command *RST Initializes the instrument settings. Error Any data following a command results in a command error.
  • Page 139 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries SRER Syntax Command <numerical value> *SRE Query *SRE? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 255 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Sets a pattern for using the status byte register (STB) in the Command service request enable register (SRER).
  • Page 140 Any data following a command results in a command error. Note command is accepted since it is a common command *WAI that complies with IEEE-488.2 1987 standard. However, using command has no effect since all commands specific *WAI to the 3156 instrument are sequential commands, except for :START...

  • Page 141: Messages Specific To The 3156

    7.6 Message Reference HIOKI 7.6.2 Messages Specific to the 3156 Executes and cancels zero adjustment Queries the zero adjustment enable/disable status Syntax Command <characters> :ADJust Query :ADJust? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> : Zero adjustment enabled OFF : Zero adjustment disabled Function Executes zero adjustment.
  • Page 142 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the voltage application ON/OFF Syntax Command <characters> :APPLy Query :APPLy? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> : Starts applying voltage. OFF : Stops applying voltage. Function Command • When network A, C, D, E, or F is selected In manual measurement, the application of line voltage starts.
  • Page 143 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the measurement method (automatic/manual) Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:AUTO Query :CONFigure:AUTO? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> : Automatic OFF : Manual Function Command Sets the measurement method. When set to Auto, measurement can be started by any of the...
  • Page 144 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the type and setting of automatic measurement Syntax Command <numerical value> :CONFigure:AUTO:KIND Query :CONFigure:AUTO:KIND? Response <numerical value> = 1 to 4095 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Sets the type of automatic measurement. Command Sets the bit of the item for automatic measurement to 1.
  • Page 145 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the type and setting of automatic measurement Note • Use this command after executing the command to :MODE activate the measurement mode. • Depending on the equipment under test settings and mea- surement mode, the settable power supply polarity and the status of equipment under test vary.
  • Page 146 When testing normal and single fault conditions, sets two allowable values to use when making DC and AC measure- ments. (Supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on.) Patient leakage current II, patient leakage current III: Sets the allowable value for normal condition to zero (+0.000E+00).
  • Page 147 Returns one allowable value to use when making AC mea- surement each for normal condition and single-fault condi- tion. (Supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on.) Patient leakage current II, patient leakage current III: Returns zero (+0.000E+00) as the allowable value for normal...
  • Page 148 • Use this command after executing the command to :MODE activate the patient leakage current I mode or the patient auxiliary current mode. • This command is supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on.
  • Page 149 • Use this command after executing the command to :MODE 付録 activate the patient leakage current I mode or the patient auxiliary current mode. • This command is supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on. 索引...
  • Page 150 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the status of equipment under test in manual measure- ment Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:CONDition Query :CONFigure:CONDition? Response <characters> = NORMal/ EARTh/ POWersource/ NAPPly/ <characters> RAPPly/ LLINe/ NLINe NORMal : Normal condition EARTh : Single-fault condition...
  • Page 151 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI When network A, C, D, E, or F is selected Equipment status Class-I equipment Single-fault condition Normal condition Power line Earth conductor Line voltage Line voltage disconnection disconnection application: L application: N Measurement mode Earth leakage current...
  • Page 152 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI When network B is selected Equipment status Class-I equipment Single-fault condition 110% voltage 110% voltage Normal condition Power line Earth conductor application: application: disconnection disconnection positive phase negative phase Measurement mode Earth leakage current Leakage current between...
  • Page 153 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the target current Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:CURRent Query :CONFigure:CURRent? Response <characters> = ACDC/ AC/ DC/ ACPeak <characters> ACDC : AC+DC (alternating current and direct current) : Alternating current : Direct current ACPeak: Alternating current peak...
  • Page 154 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the measurement network filter Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:FILTer Query :CONFigure:FILTer? Response <characters> = ON/ ON1/ ON2/ OFF <characters> When network A is selected OFF : Single-frequency network : Multi-frequency network When network B is selected : Network with a frequency characteristic OFF : Network with 1 kΩ...
  • Page 155 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the measuring time of automatic measurement Syntax Command <numerical value> :CONFigure:MTIMe Query :CONFigure:MTIMe? Response <numerical value> = 1 to 300 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Sets the measuring time of automatic measurement. Command Query Returns the measuring time of automatic measurement as a numeric value.
  • Page 156 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the power supply polarity in manual measurement Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:POLarity Query :CONFigure:POLarity? Response <characters> = NORMal/ REVerse <characters> NORMal: Positive phase REVerse: Negative phase Function Command Sets the power supply polarity for manual measurement.
  • Page 157 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the current range Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:RANGe Query :CONFigure:RANGe? Response <characters> = AUTO/ HOLD1/ HOLD2/ HOLD3/ HOLD4 <characters> AC, DC, AC+DC AUTO : Auto range HOLD1: 25.00 mA range HOLD2: 5.000 mA range HOLD3: 500.0 μA range...
  • Page 158 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the target voltage Syntax Command <characters> :CONFigure:VOLTage Query :CONFigure:VOLTage? Response <characters> = ACDC/ AC/ DC <characters> ACDC : AC+DC (Alternating current + Direct current) : Alternating current : Direct current Function Command Sets the target voltage.
  • Page 159 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the wait time for switching operation in automatic mea- surement (Other) Syntax Command <numerical value> :CONFigure:WTIMe:ETC Query :CONFigure:WTIMe:ETC? Response <numerical value> = 1 to 1800 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Command Sets the wait time for switching operation in automatic mea- surement (other than polarity switching).
  • Page 160 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the wait time for switching operation in automatic mea- surement (Line) Syntax Command <numerical value> :CONFigure:WTIMe:LINE Query :CONFigure:WTIMe:LINE? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 1800 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Command Sets the wait time (from the completion of measurement to power line disconnection) for switching operation in automatic measurement.
  • Page 161 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the wait time for switching operation in automatic mea- surement (Polarity) Syntax Command <numerical value> :CONFigure:WTIMe:POLarity Query :CONFigure:WTIMe:POLarity? Response <numerical value> = 1 to 1800 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Command Sets the wait time (from switching power supply polarity to the start of measurement) for switching operation in automatic measurement.
  • Page 162 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the grounding class of equipment under test Syntax Command <characters> :EQUipment Query :EQUipment? Response <characters> = CLAss1(CLA1)/ CLAss2(CLA2)/ INTernal <characters> CLAss1 : Class-I equipment CLAss2 : Class-II equipment INTernal : Internally powered equipment Function Sets the grounding class of equipment under test.
  • Page 163 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the equipment name/control number of equipment under test Syntax Command <character value 1>,<character value 2> :EQUipment:IDENtity Query :EQUipment:IDENtity? Response <character value 1>,<character value 2> = Equipment name <character value 1> (text data with 1 to 12 characters) = Equipment control number <character value 2>...
  • Page 164 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the applied part of equipment under test (Network B only) Syntax Command <characters> :EQUipment:TYPE Query :EQUipment:TYPE? Response <characters> = B/ BF/ CF <characters> B : Type B applied part BF : Type BF applied part...
  • Page 165 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the event status enable register 0 (ESER0) Syntax Command <numerical value> :ESE0 Query :ESE0? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 255 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Command Sets a pattern for using ESER0 in event status enable register 0 (ESER0).
  • Page 166 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the event status register 0 Syntax Query :ESR0? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 255 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Returns the setting content of event status register 0 (ESR0) as Query a numeric value, then clears the content. No header is prefixed to the response message.
  • Page 167 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the application line for leakage current measurement between enclosure and line Syntax Command <characters> :LINE Query :LINE? Response <characters> = INT/ EXT <characters> INT : Uses internal contact. (internal contact and terminal T2) EXT: Uses external contact.
  • Page 168 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Clears the maximum value Syntax Command :MAXimum:CLEar Function Clears the maximum value. Command Example Command :MAXimum:CLEar Clears the maximum value. Error An execution error occurs in the following cases: • When the measurement mode is not selected •...
  • Page 169 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the maximum value after automatic measurement Syntax Query :MEASure:AUTO? Response <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2>,<numerical value 3>,<numerical value 4>,<numerical value 5>..= Maximum value (NR3) <numerical value 1> = Judgement (NR1) <numerical value 2> 0: Equal to or less than the allowable value (PASS)
  • Page 170 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the maximum value after automatic measurement Function Query Returns all measurement results at once after automatic mea- surement. Returns the maximum value in each combination of power sup- ply polarity and equipment under test status, the corresponding judgement, power supply polarity, and equipment status as numeric values.
  • Page 171 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the maximum value Syntax Query :MEASure:MAXimum? Response <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2>,<numerical value 3>,<numerical value 4>,<numerical value 5> = Maximum value(NR3) <numerical value 1> = Judgement(NR1) <numerical value 2> 0: Equal to or less than the allowable value(PASS)
  • Page 172 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the maximum value Example Query :MEASure:MAXimum? Response :MEASURE:MAXIMUM +2.345E-03,1,1,2,0 (Headers: ON) (Headers: OFF) +2.345E-03,1,1,2,0 The example of response data is shown below: Maximum Power supply Judgement Equipment status Target current value polarity 2.345 mA FAIL...
  • Page 173 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the number of models in the saved data Syntax Query :MEMory:NUMBer? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 100 (NR1) <numerical value> Function Returns the number of models (total number of data units) in Query the saved data as a numeric value.
  • Page 174 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Reads saved data Syntax Query <numerical value> <characters> :MEMory:READ:MEASure? = Data unit number (NR1) <numerical value> Numeric value from 1 to the number of models (total number of data units) Measurement mode <characters> EARTh/ ENCLosure1(ENCL1)/ ENCLosure2(ENCL2)/ENCLosure3(ENCL3)/...
  • Page 175 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Reads saved data Syntax Response = Measurement network filter (NR1) <numerical value 5> When network A is selected 0: OFF, 1: ON When network B is selected 0: OFF, 1: ON When network C is selected...
  • Page 176 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Reads saved data Maximum Power supply Target Judgement Equipment status Filter value polarity current 2.345 mA PASS Positive phase Normal condition AC+DC 2.362 mA PASS Negative Normal condition AC+DC phase 2.510 mA PASS Positive phase Single-fault condition (disconnection of...
  • Page 177 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Saves the maximum value Syntax Command :MEMory:SAVE:MAXimum Function Saves the date, equipment name, control number, grounding Command class, applied part*, network, measurement mode, maximum value, test condition setting at maximum value acquisition, and judgement result of the present measurement in memory.
  • Page 178 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the measurement mode Syntax Command <characters> :MODE Query :MODE? Response <characters> = OFF/ EARTh/ ENCLosure1(ENCL1)/ <characters> ENCLosure2(ENCL2)/ENCLosure3(ENCL3)/ PATient1(PAT1)/ PATient2(PAT2)/ PATient3(PAT3)/ PAUXiliary When network A, C, D, E, or F is selected : Mode not selected...
  • Page 179 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the measurement mode Error An execution error occurs in the following cases: • The mode is set to "voltmeter mode." (Command) • When network is OFF • When network A, C, D, E, or F is selected...
  • Page 180 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the network Note Use this command after executing the command to :MODE activate OFF mode (i.e., measurement mode not selected). Starts automatic measurement Syntax Command :STARt Function Starts measurement when automatic measurement is set.
  • Page 181 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the backlight automatic OFF function Syntax Command <numerical value> :SYSTem:BACKlight Query :SYSTem:BACKlight? Response <numerical value> = 0 to 30 (NR1) <numerical value> : Constant ON 1 to 30 : Auto OFF (1 to 30 minutes)
  • Page 182 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the beep sound (Judgement of allowable value) Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:BEEPer:COMParator Query :SYSTem:BEEPer:COMParator? Response <characters> = FAIL/PASS/OFF <characters> FAIL : Generates a beep sound for "FAIL" judgement. PASS : Generates a beep sound for "PASS"...
  • Page 183 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the beep sound (Key entry) Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:BEEPer:KEY Query :SYSTem:BEEPer:KEY? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> ON : Generates a beep sound. OFF : Does not generate a beep sound. Function Command Sets the beep sound for notification of key entry.
  • Page 184 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the beep sound (T3 output) Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:BEEPer:T3OUt Query :SYSTem:BEEPer:T3OUt? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> ON : Generates a beep sound. OFF: Does not generate a beep sound. Function Sets the beep sound to be generated while 110% voltage is Command output from terminal 3.
  • Page 185 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the date Syntax Command <numerical value 1>,<numerical value :SYSTem:DATE 2>,<numerical value 3> Query :SYSTem:DATE? <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2>,<numerical value 3> Response = Year : 2000 to 2099 (NR1) <numerical value 1> = Month: 1 to 12 (NR1) <numerical value 2>...
  • Page 186 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the content of a panel Syntax Query <numerical value> :SYSTem:FILE? = 1 to 30 (NR1) <numerical value> <character value 1>,<character value 2>,<character value 3>, <character value 4>,<character value 5>,<numerical value 1>, <numerical value 2>,<numerical value 3>,<numerical value 4>, <numerical value 5>,<numerical value 6>...
  • Page 187 (NR3) (unit: A) = Single fault condition allowable value to <numerical value 9> use when making DC measurements (NR3) (unit: A) 付録 * Supported from version 1.12 of the 3156. Version information is displayed when the 3156 is turned on. 索引...
  • Page 188 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the content of a panel = Equipment under test status Response <numerical value 10> 0: Normal condition 1: Single-fault condition (disconnection of one wire in power line) 2: Single-fault condition (disconnection of protective earth conductor)
  • Page 189 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the content of a panel Example Query :SYSTem:FILE? 1 Response :SYSTEM:FILE ABC,NO-111,CLA1,0,A,1,0,0,0, 0,+100.0E-06,+500.0E-06,+0.000E+00, +0.000E+00,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 (Headers: ON) ABC,NO-111,CLA1,0,A,1,0,0,0,0,+100.0E-06, +500.0E-06,+0.000E+00,+0.000E+00,0,0,0,0, (Headers: OFF) 0,0,0 The following settings have been made: <Equipment name> : ABC <Control number> : NO-111 <Grounding class>...
  • Page 190 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the display language Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:LANGuage Query :SYSTem:LANGuage? Response <characters> = JAPanese/ ENGlish <characters> JAPanese: Japanese language ENGlish : English language Function Command Sets the display language. Returns the display language setting.
  • Page 191 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the mode Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:MODE Query :SYSTem:MODE? Response <characters> = ON/OFF <characters> ON : Voltmeter mode OFF : Ammeter mode Function Command Sets the mode.Sets the mode. Returns the mode setting. Query...
  • Page 192 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Initializes the 3156 Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:RESet = ALL/ CONDition/ SAVEdata <characters> : Initializes the instrument to the default settings (factory settings). (Same as command) *RST CONDition: Initializes the instrument to the default settings except for saved measurement data.
  • Page 193 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Queries the VA check Syntax Query :SYSTem:TEST:VA? Response <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2>,<numerical value 3>,<numerical value 4>,<numerical value 5>,<numerical value 6> = Voltage value (between L and N) (NR3) <numerical value 1> = Current value (NR3) <numerical value 2>...
  • Page 194 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the time Syntax Command <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2> :SYSTem:TIME Query :SYSTem:TIME? Response <numerical value 1>,<numerical value 2> = Time 0 to 23 (NR1) <numerical value 1> = Minute 0 to 59 (NR1) <numerical value 2>...
  • Page 195 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the unit of current measurement Syntax Command <characters> :SYSTem:UNIT Query :SYSTem:UNIT? Response <characters> = AUTO/HOLD <characters> AUTO: Automatic HOLD: mA, fixed Function Command Sets the unit of current measurement. Returns the unit of current measurement setting.
  • Page 196 7.6 Message Reference HIOKI Sets and queries the response message terminator Syntax Command <numerical value> :TRANsmit:TERMinator Query :TRANsmit:TERMinator? Response <numerical value> = 0/1 (NR1) <numerical value> 0: LF+EOI 1: CR, LF+EOI Function Command Sets the response message terminator. Query Returns the response message terminator setting as a numeric value.

  • Page 197: Loading All Saved Data

    7.7 Loading All Saved Data HIOKI 7.7 Loading All Saved Data Transmit to read the number of models :MEMory:NUMBer? (total number of data units). Transmit <data unit number> to :MEMory:READ:IDENtity? read the equipment name and control number of the specified data unit.

  • Page 198: Troubleshooting

    • Ensure the message terminators (delimiters) for the controller are set. "Message Terminators" (page 113) After transmission on the • Press the LOCAL key on the front panel of the 3156 to release RS-232C/ GP-IB bus, the keys the remote state. on the 3156 freeze up and •...

  • Page 199: Device Compliance Statement

    7.9 Device Compliance Statement HIOKI 7.9 Device Compliance Statement “Information on compliance to standards” based on the IEEE 488.2 standard (1) IEEE 488.1 interface functions These are detailed in 7.2.2 "Specifications of GP-IB" (page 107) (2) Operation with a device address other than 0 through 30 The bus is disabled.
  • Page 200 7.9 Device Compliance Statement HIOKI (6) Summary of functional elements for use when constructing device specific commands, and whether compound commands or program headers can be used: The followings can be used • Program message • Program message terminator • Program message unit •...
  • Page 201 7.9 Device Compliance Statement HIOKI (15) Existence/nonexistence of macro command When a macro command is being executed, the maximum length of macro label, the maximum length of block for defining a macro, and how echoing is managed when expanding a macro Macros are not used.
  • Page 202 7.9 Device Compliance Statement HIOKI...

  • Page 203: Chapter 8 Ext I/O Terminal

    HIOKI Chapter 8 EXT I/O Terminal (1) EXT I/O terminal functions Input of start/stop signals Selection of panel number for data loading Output of measurement end signal Output of comparator judgement signal Others (2) Connector type 57RE-40360-730B (D29) (manufactured by DDK)

  • Page 204: Description Of Signals

    8.1 Description of Signals HIOKI 8.1 Description of Signals To prevent electrical hazards, observe the following cautions: • Turn off the instrument's power switch before connecting a cable to the terminal. Ensure secure connection to prevent the cable from disconnecting during operation and contacting a conductive part (e.g., chassis, test leads).

  • Page 205: Connecting To The Ext I/O Terminal

    8.2 Connecting to the EXT I/O Terminal HIOKI 8.2 Connecting to the EXT I/O Terminal Connect an EXT I/O cable connector before turning on the instru- ment's power switch. Connecting or disconnecting a cable connector after turning the instrument on may cause a fault.
  • Page 206 8.2 Connecting to the EXT I/O Terminal HIOKI Except for power supply terminals, all input and output terminals are negative logic. Terminal name Input/output Function Sets the instrument to automatic measurement mode. When this terminal is set to Low level, automatic measurement starts.
  • Page 207 8.2 Connecting to the EXT I/O Terminal HIOKI Table of LOAD0 - LOAD4 control and corresponding panel numbers Number of panel to be LOAD4 LOAD3 LOAD2 LOAD1 LOAD0 loaded 1: High level, 0: Low level Invalid setting results when all terminals from LOAD0 to LOAD4 are set to "1"...

  • Page 208: Electrical Specifications

    8.3 Electrical Specifications HIOKI 8.3 Electrical Specifications Input signal specifications (Names of applicable signals: START, STOP, 0ADJ, LOAD0 to LOAD4, KEYLOCK) Input signal Active Low input Maximum applied Input voltage to EXT.DCV terminal voltage High level Input voltage to EXT.DCV terminal, or open Low level 0.3 VDC or lower...

  • Page 209: Internal Circuit Configuration

    8.4 Internal Circuit Configuration HIOKI 8.4 Internal Circuit Configuration • Insulating the signal wires prevents signal interference. Be sure to ground external equipment connected to the instrument. If protec- tive earthing is not provided, insulation damage may result. • The maximum Low-level output current of the output photocoupler is 60 mA.

  • Page 210: Timing Chart

    8.5 Timing Chart HIOKI 8.5 Timing Chart The following shows the output signal timing chart for automatic mea- surement. The number of measurement items (n) varies depending on [number of polarity conditions] x [number of equipment status] set with displayed on the automatic measurement setting screen.
  • Page 211 8.5 Timing Chart HIOKI (Example: When the judgement result of item 2 is "FAIL") *1: Judgement result of item 1 *2: Judgement result of item 2 *3: Judgement result of item 3 *4: Judgement result of item (n - 1)

  • Page 212: Panel Load Function At Ext I/O Start

    8.5 Timing Chart HIOKI 8.5.1 Panel load function at EXT I/O start Saved measurement conditions can be read and measurement con- ducted according to the conditions read. The number of the panel to be read is specified by LOAD0 through LORD4 before START signal input.

  • Page 213: Zero Adjustment Function By External I/O

    8.5 Timing Chart HIOKI 8.5.2 Zero Adjustment Function by External I/O Zero adjustment is available only in the measurement mode for earth leakage current. 5.4.1, "Performing Zero Adjustment" (page 58) When not using the panel load function The 0ADJ signal is set to Low level. (Low level must be held for at least 1 ms.)

  • Page 214: Example Of Output Signal Connection

    8.6 Example of Output Signal Connection HIOKI 8.6 Example of Output Signal Connection (1) When not using the INT.DCV, INT.GND, and EXT.DCV terminals [Relay] [LED lamp] Output Output 24 V max 24 V max EXT.COM EXT.COM 60 mA max 60 mA max When using a relay, be sure to install a diode for absorbing counter-electro- motive force.

  • Page 215: Chapter 9 Using The Printer

    9.1 Preparation before Connection HIOKI Chapter 9 Using the Printer Preparation before Connection The maximum value, measurement conditions, and other data can be printed when the optional 9442 PRINTER is connected with the 9444 CONNECTION CABLE. Necessary items • 9442 PRINTER (DPU-414 Seiko Instruments Inc.) •...
  • Page 216 Change the settings of the software dip switches (DIP SW) to use the 9442 for the 3156. • The 9442 is shipped with the function settings for use with the Hioki 3166 CLAMP ON POWER HiTESTER. Before using, always change the settings of the DIP switches.
  • Page 217 9.1 Preparation before Connection HIOKI Press the ON LINE button and provide the following settings for DIP SW2 and DIP SW3. Software DIP SW 2 settings Switch No. Function (Press ON LINE) (Press FEED) Print mode Normal printing Condensed print-...

  • Page 218: Connection Method

    To avoid electrocution, turn off the power to all devices before plugging or unplugging any cables or peripherals. Connect the 9442 PRINTER to the RS-232C connector of the 3156. Before connection, complete any necessary settings on both the printer and the 3156.
  • Page 219 9.2 Connection Method HIOKI Print example Date Equipment name Control number Grounding class and applied part Network Measurement mode Filter Allowable value Maximum value Judgement result Power supply polarity Equipment under test status *: Network B only Description of printed information...
  • Page 220 9.2 Connection Method HIOKI Item Explanation Printed item Explanation Filter Filter Network A Network with a frequency characteristic Multi-frequency network Network B Network with a frequency characteristic Network with 1 k Ω non-inductive resistance only Network C Network compatible with perception/reaction...

  • Page 221: Chapter 10 Specifications

    10.1 Measurement Functions HIOKI Chapter 10 Specifications 10.1 Measurement Functions Measurement mode • Earth leakage current (single item selection) • Leakage current between enclosure and earth • Leakage current between enclosure and enclosure • Leakage current between enclosure and line •...

  • Page 222: Measurement System

    10.2 Measurement System HIOKI 10.2 Measurement System Measurement terminals Terminal T1, terminal T2 (with built-in fuse holder), terminal T3 (110% voltage application terminal) Line output terminals Terminal block (100 to 240 V) Measurement system Indication of a current value calculated based the measured drop in volt-...

  • Page 223: Other Functions

    10.3 Other Functions HIOKI 10.3 Other Functions Setting the grounding Selected from Class-I equipment, Class-II equipment, or internally pow- class of equipment ered equipment under test * When selecting network B, select the applied part from the following Type B applied part, Type BF applied part, or Type CF applied part Trigger system •...
  • Page 224 10.3 Other Functions HIOKI Measurement delay • Setting of wait time from the completion of measurement to power supply disconnection (default: OFF) (setting) function • Setting of wait time from switching power supply polarity to the start of mea- surement (default: 1 sec.) •...

  • Page 225: System-Related Functions

    10.4 System-related Functions HIOKI 10.4 System-related Functions Beep sound setting • Allowable value judgement: Selectable from "ON when Pass," "ON when FAIL," and "OFF" • Key input: ON/OFF • T3 (110% voltage application terminal) output: ON/OFF • Line voltage output from T2: ON/OFF...

  • Page 226: Accuracy

    10.5 Accuracy HIOKI 10.5 Accuracy 10.5.1Current Measurement Section Operating temperature and humidity for guaranteed accuracy: ± ± 5°C (73 41°F), 80%RH or lower (no dew condensation allowed) Temperature coefficient: 0.1 x basic accuracy x (T-23) weighted --- operating temperature T [°C] Warm-up time: 30 min.
  • Page 227 10.5 Accuracy HIOKI Measurement of AC Peak Guaranteed Accuracy Measurement Range accuracy resolution 20 Hz < f 1 kHz 1 kHz < f 10 kHz range 8 mA ± ± μ 75.0 mA (2%rdg.+2dgt.) (5.0%rdg.+10dgt.) or more 0.8 mA ±...

  • Page 228: Network Section

    10.5 Accuracy HIOKI 10.5.2Network Section Network accuracy *1, *2 Characteristic Network name Frequency range Other DC input Cut-off frequency /filter status ± with resistance (-3 dB points deviation ± Ω A/Filter OFF 0.5% 100 kHz or lower ± ± Ω...

  • Page 229: Interfaces

    10.6 Interfaces HIOKI 10.6 Interfaces EXT I/O Connector: D-sub 36-pin, female Insulation Negative logic Open collector output Output: Internal +5 V power supply, internal GND (equivalent to chas- sis grounding) (1) Input START : Measurement starts when this signal is set to Lo.

  • Page 230: Printer

    10.7 Printer HIOKI PC interfaces (1) GP-IB interface Communication content: Remote control, measurement data output Compliance with IEEE-488.1 1987 Reference: IEEE-488.2 1987 Connector: D-sub 24-pin, female (2) RS-232C interface Communication content : Remote control, measurement data output Transmission system : Synchronous communication, full duplex...

  • Page 231: General Specifications

    10.8 General Specifications HIOKI 10.8 General Specifications Display section 320 x 240 dot matrix LCD (with backlight) Equipped with automatic backlight OFF function (Backlight OFF time can be set in 1 minute increments.) Backlight turns ON when panel is touched in backlight OFF mode.
  • Page 232 10.8 General Specifications HIOKI Options 9637 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 9-pin., crossing cable) 9638 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 25-pin., crossing cable) 9151-02 GP-IB CABLE (2 m) 9151-04 GP-IB CABLE (4 m) 9442 PRINTER (DPU-414 Seiko Instruments Inc.) 9443-01 AC ADAPTER (for printer / Japan ) (PW-4007-J1-E or PW-4007-JU1-E (power cord CB-JP01-18B-E), Seiko Instruments Inc.)

  • Page 233: Measurement Networks

    10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI 10.9 Measurement Networks 10.9.1Network A (for Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law) Network A is a measurement network that complies with the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law. Network A complies with the following law: (1) Ordinance Concerning Technical Requirements for Electrical...

  • Page 234: Network B (For Medical Electrical Equipment)

    10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI 10.9.2Network B (for medical electrical equipment) Network B is a measurement network for medical electrical equip- ment. Network B complies with the following standards: (1) Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for safety (IEC 60601-1(1988-12) + am1 (1991-11) + am2 (1995-03))

  • Page 235: Network C (For Iec 60990)

    10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI 10.9.3Network C (for IEC 60990) Network C is a measurement network that complies with IEC 60990. Network C complies with the following standards: (1) Methods of measurement of touch current and protective con- ductor current (IEC/TR 60990 (1990-06))
  • Page 236 10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI (6) Applicable UL standards (e.g., UL 1419, UL 3101-1, UL 3111-1) There are many other applicable standards. Methods of measurement of touch current and protec- Applicable tive conductor current standards (IEC/TR 60990 (1990-06)) Measurement Ω Ω...

  • Page 237: Network D (For Ul)

    10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI 10.9.4Network D (for UL) Network D is a measurement network that complies with UL. Network D complies with the following standards: (1) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances (IEC 60335-1 (1991-06) + am1 (1994-11)) (2) Applicable UL standards Ω...

  • Page 238: Network E (General-Purpose 1)

    10.9 Measurement Networks HIOKI 10.9.5Network E (General-purpose 1) Network E is a general-purpose measurement network. The circuit configuration is as follows: ± Ω 0.1% Ｖ Network (1 kΩ) with 1 kΩ This network can be used to perform leakage current tests in compli- ance with applicable standards.

  • Page 239: Chapter 11 Maintenance And Service

    11.1 Cleaning and Storage HIOKI Maintenance Chapter 11 and Service 11.1 Cleaning and Storage Cleaning To clean the instrument, wipe it gently with a soft cloth moistened with water or mild detergent. Never use solvents such as benzene, alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as they can deform and discolor the case.

  • Page 240: Repair And Servicing

    • Pack the instrument carefully so that it will not be damaged during shipment, and include a detailed written description of the problem. Hioki cannot be responsible for damage that occurs during ship- ment. • Use the original packing materials when reshipping the instrument, if pos- sible.
  • Page 241 6.1, "Initializing the Instrument" (page 84) Stop using the instrument in the cases described below. Disconnect the power cord and test leads, then contact your dealer (Hioki agent) or the nearest Hioki sales office. 付録 • When instrument damage can be confirmed •...

  • Page 242: Replacing Fuses

    11.3 Replacing Fuses HIOKI 11.3 Replacing Fuses • Replace the fuse only with one of the specified characteristics and voltage and current ratings. Using a non-specified fuse or shorting the fuse holder may cause a life-threatening hazard. Power supply section : F250V T0.1AL...
  • Page 243 11.3 Replacing Fuses HIOKI Replacing the fuse for measurement operation (front panel) Turn the power switch OFF ( ), then disconnect the power cord and test leads. Turn off the circuit breaker. Gently press the red holder at termi- nal T2, turn it 90 degrees, then remove the fuse holder.

  • Page 244: Instrument Disposal

    11.4 Instrument Disposal HIOKI 11.4 Instrument Disposal The instrument contains a lithium battery for system memory backup. To avoid electric shock, turn off the power switch and discon- nect the power cord and test leads before replacing the lithium batteries.

  • Page 245: Appendix

    Terminology Appendix Terminology (excerpt from IEC 60601-1 (1988-12) + am1 (1991-11) + am2 (1995-03) Equipment part Applied part complying with the specified requirements of the standard to Type B applied part provide protection against electric shock, particularly regarding allowable leakage current, and marked with the symbol indicated at the left. Note: Type B applied parts are not suitable for direct cardiac application.
  • Page 246 Terminology Equipment part Part of equipment, excluding applied parts, intended to receive voltage or Signal input section current as input signals, for example, for display, recording, or data pro- cessing. Part of equipment, excluding applied parts, intended to deliver voltage or Signal output section current as output signals, for example, for display, recording, or data pro- cessing.
  • Page 247 Terminology Others Insulation applied to live parts to provide basic protection against elec- Basic insulation tric shock. Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insula- tion. Double insulation (JIS T1001-92 adds a supplementary description "...which can be indi- vidually tested when necessary.") Single insulation system applied to live parts which provide a degree of protection against electric shock equivalent to double insulation under Reinforced insulation...
  • Page 248 Terminology...
  • Page 249 Leakage current between enclosure and line 44, 74 Class-I ..............52 Instrument labels and functions ......22 Class-II ..............52 Command Reference ........123 Commands Specific to the 3156 .......124 Common commands .........123 Manual measurement ......57, 71, 125 Connection ............37 Measurement mode ........54, 124 Measurement range ...........
  • Page 250 Index Range of indication when setting unit of current measurement ..........68, 69 RS-232C ........105, 106, 224, 226 Save ............99, 104 Saved data ............127 Self-Test ............. 88 Separators ............113 Specifications ........... 106, 215 System ............. 128 Target current ..........

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