Campbell Hausfeld WF2050 Operating Instructions & Parts Manual page 8

Operating Instructions and Parts Manual
Glossary of Welding Terms
AC or Alternating Current - electric Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) - also
current that reverses direction called MIG, is a welding process used
periodically. Sixty cycle current travels in with a wire feed welding machine. The
both directions sixty times per second. wire is solid and an inert gas is used for
shielding.
Arc Length - the distance from the end
of the electrode to the point where the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) -
arc makes contact with the work surface. also called TIG, is a welding process used
with welding equipment with a high
Base Metal - the material to be welded.
frequency generator. The arc is created
between a non-consumable tungsten
Butt Joint - a joint between two
electrode and the work piece. Filler metal
members aligned approximately in the
may or may not be used.
same plane.
Lap Joint - a joint between two
Crater - a pool, or pocket, that is formed
overlapping members in parallel planes.
as the arc comes in contact with the base
metal.
Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) - the
voltage between the electrode and the
DC or Direct Current - electric current
work clamp of the welding machine
which flows only in one direction. The
when no current is flowing (not
polarity (+ or -) determines which
welding). The OCV determines how
direction the current is flowing.
quickly the arc is struck.
DC Reverse Polarity - occurs when the
Overlap - occurs when the amperage is
electrode holder is connected to the
set too low. In this instance, the molten
positive pole of the welding machine.
metal falls from the electrode without
Reverse Polarity directs more heat into
actually fusing into the base metal.
melting the electrode rather than the
work piece. It is used on thinner material.
Porosity - gas pockets, or cavities,
formed during weld solidification. They
DC Straight Polarity - occurs when the
weaken the weld.
electrode holder is connected to the
negative pole of the welding machine.
Penetration - the depth into the work
With straight polarity more heat is
piece that has been heat effected by the
directed to the work piece for better
arc during the welding process. A good
penetration on thicker material.
weld achieves 100% penetration
meaning that the entire thickness of the
Electrode - a coated metal wire having
work piece has been heated and
approximately the same composition as
resolidified. The heat effected area
the material being welded.
should be easily seen on the opposite
Fillet Weld - approximately a triangle in side of the weld.
cross-section, joining two surfaces at right
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
angles to each other in a lap, T or corner
- also called Stick, is a welding process
joint.
that uses a consumable electrode to
Flux - a coating, when heated, that
support the arc. Shielding is achieved by
produces a shielding gas around the
the melting of the flux coating on the
welding area. This gas protects the parent electrode.
and filler metals from impurities in the air.
Slag - a layer of flux soot that protects
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) - also
the weld from oxides and other
called Gasless, is a welding process used contaminants while the weld is
with a wire-feed welding machine. The solidifying (cooling). Slag should be
weld wire is tubular with flux material removed after weld has cooled.
contained inside for shielding.
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Spatter - metal particles thrown from
the weld which cool and harden on the
work surface. Spatter can be minimized
by using a spatter resistant spray on the
work piece before welding.
Tack Weld - weld made to hold parts in
proper alignment until final welds are
made.
Travel Angle - the angle of the
electrode in the line of welding. It varies
from 5º to 45º depending on welding
conditions.
T Joint - made by placing the edge of
one piece of metal on the surface of the
other piece at approximately a 90º angle.
Undercut - a condition that results when
welding amperage is too high. The
excessive amperage leaves a groove in
the base metal along both sides of the
bead which reduces the strength of the
weld.
Weld Pool or Puddle - a volume of
molten metal in a weld prior to its
solidification as weld metal.
Weld Bead - a narrow layer or layers of
metal deposited on the base metal as the
electrode melts. Weld bead width is
typically twice the diameter of the
electrode.
Work Angle - the angle of the electrode
from horizontal, measured at right
angles to the line of welding.
8
Modelos WF2050, WF2054, WF2057 & WF2058
Instrucciones para soldar
(Continuación)
LIMPIEZA DE ESCORIAS
Cubierta
Use ante-
ADVERTENCIA
!
ojos de Relleno
seguridad aprobados por la asociación
norteamericana ANSI (ANSI Standard
Raíz
Z87.1) (o alguna organización similar en
sus respectivos paises) y ropa de
protección para sacar la escoria. Los
residuos calientes le podrían ocasionar
heridas a las personas que se encuentren
en el área de trabajo.
Figura 8 - Soldadura con filete
Una vez que haya terminado de soldar, (Ángulo de 60 ˚ )
espere a que las piezas soldadas se
enfríen. Una capa protectora que
METODO USADO PARA SOLDAR
llamaremos escoria cubre el reborde
Según el tipo de material y el grosor de
para evitar que los contaminanates en el
la pieza de trabajo deberá usar un
aire reacionen con el metal derretido.
método de desplazamiento de la
Cuando el metal se haya enfriado un
pistola soldadora. Para soldar
poco y no esté al rojo vivo, podrá limpiar
materiales delgados (de calibre 18 ó
el escoria. Esto lo puede hacer con una
mayor) y cualquier pieza de aluminio,
rebabadora. Golpee suavemente la
la pistola debe ubicarse al frente del
escoria con el martillo hasta que logre
sedimento y dirijirlo a lo largo de la
despegarla. Finalmen-te, use un cepillo
pieza. Para soldar piezas de acero más
de alambre para ter-minar de limpiar.
gruesas, ubique la pistola directamente
sobre el sedimento para aumentar la
POSICIONES PARA SOLDAR
penetración. Este método se podría
Básicamente hay 4 posiciones para
llamar de empuje (vea la Figura 10).
soldar: plana, horizontal, vertical y por
encima de la cabeza. Soldar en la
posición plana es lo más fácil ya que la
velocidad se puede aumentar, el metal
derretido se chorrea menos, se puede
lograr una mayor penetración y el
trabajador se cansa menos. Para soldar
en esta posición se usan angulos de
desplazamiento y de trabajo de 45º.
Otras posiciones requieren técnicas
diferentes tales como paso entretejido,
circular o cruzado. Para completar este
tipo de soldadura se requiere más
experiencia en la materia.
Soldar por encima de la cabeza es la
posición más dificil y peligrosa. La
temperatura a usar y el tipo de
electrodo dependen de la posición.
Siempre debe tratar de soldar en la
posición plana. Para aplicaciones
especificas debe consultar un manual
técnico.
PASOS
Algunas veces deberá usar más de un
paso para soldar. Primero deberá hacer
un paso primordial, éste será seguido
por pasos adicionales de relleno (vea la
Fig. 8). Si las piezas son gruesas, tal vez
sea necesario biselar los bordes que
están unidos en un angulo de 60º.
Recuerde que deberá limpiar las escorias
antes de cada paso.
Figura 9 - Pasos múltiples
HALE
EMPUJE
Figura 10
33 Sp