Fuel Requirements; How To Select Fuel Oil; Fuel Oil Selection Chart - KIRLOSKAR DV Series O & M Manual

4.8.6

Fuel requirements

KOEL Diesel engines was designed to use Number 2-D diesel fuel or equivalent that meets specification
DIN 51601-DK. For maximum fuel economy, Number 2-D fuel whenever possible. When temperatures are
below -7'C(20°F), use Number 1-D fuel. If Number 1-D fuel is not available, the mixture of one kerosene to
two gallons of Number 2-D fuel can be used. Once kerosene has been added, the engine should be run for
several minutes to mix the fuel.
4.8.7

How to select fuel oil

Fuel quality is an important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance, long engine life, and
acceptable exhaust emission levels. KOEL engines are designed to operate on most diesel fuels marketed
today. In general, fuels meeting the properties of ASTM Designation D975 (grades 1-D and 2-D) have
provided satisfactory performance. The ASTM 975 specification, however, does not in itself adequately
define the fuel characteristics needed for assurance of fuel quality.The properties listed in the fuel oil
selection chart below have provided optimum engine performance. Grade 2-D fuel is normally available for
generator service. Grade 1-D fuel should not be used in pleasure craft engines, except in an emergency.

Fuel oil selection chart

General Fuel
Classification
Gravity,°API
#)
Flash Point
Min.°F (°C)
Viscosity, Kinematic
CST 100 °F (40 °C )
Cloud Point °F
#)
Sulfur Content
wt%, Max.
Carbon Residue
on 10%, wt%, Max.
Accelerated Stability
Total Insolubles
mg/100 ml, Max.
#)
Ash, wt%, Max.
Cetane Number, Min.
Distillation
Temperature, °F(°C)
IMP, Typican
#)
10% Typical
#)
50% Typical
#)
90%
+)
End Point
#)
Water & Sediment
#) Not specified In ASTM D 975
+) Differs from ASTM D 975
Note : 1. The cloud point should be 6°C(10°F) below the lowest expected fuel temperature to prevent
clogging of fuel fitters by crystals.
ASTM
Test
D 287
D 93
D 445
D 2500
D 129
D 524
D2274
D482
D 613
+)
D 86
D 1796
No. 1
ASTM 1-D
40 ~ 44
100 (38)
1.3 ~ 2.4
See Note 1) See Note 1 )
0.5
0.15
1.5
0.01
45
350(177)
385(196)
45(218)
500 (260) Max 625(329) Max
550(288) Max 675(357) Max
0.05
No. 2 DIN 51601
ASTM 2-D
33 ~ 37 0.815 ~ 0.855
125 (52) 131 (55)
1.9 ~ 4.1 1.8 ~ 10
See Note 1)
0.5 0.15
0.35
1.5
0.01
45
375(191)
430(221)
510(256) 680(360)
0.05 0.05
0.1
>45
37