WÄRTSILÄ 31SG Product Manual
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WÄRTSILÄ 31SG Product Manual

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Wärtsilä 31SG
PRODUCT GUIDE
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Summary of Contents for WÄRTSILÄ 31SG

  • Page 1 Wärtsilä 31SG PRODUCT GUIDE < Page | 1...
  • Page 2 © Copyright by WÄRTSILÄ FINLAND Oy All rights reserved. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, graphic, photocopying, recording, taping or other information retrieval systems) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. THIS PUBLICATION DESIGNED...
  • Page 3 Introduction This Product Guide provides data and system proposals for the early design phase of marine engine installations. For contracted projects specific instructions for planning the installation are always delivered. Any data and information herein is subject to revision without notice. Issue Published Updates...
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  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents 1. Main Data and Outputs ..........................9 Maximum continuous output ......................9 Reference conditions........................10 Operation in inclined position ......................10 Dimensions and weights ........................ 11 2. Operating Ranges ..........................15 Engine operating range ........................15 Loading capacity ........................... 15 Low load operation .........................
  • Page 6 Crankcase ventilation system ......................69 Flushing instructions........................70 8. Compressed Air System ........................73 Instrument air quality ........................73 External compressed air system ....................73 9. Cooling Water System ........................... 76 Water quality ..........................76 External cooling water system ....................... 76 10.
  • Page 7 18.2 Space requirements for maintenance ..................121 18.3 Transportation and storage of spare parts and tools ..............121 18.4 Required deck area for service work .................... 121 19. Transport Dimensions and Weights ....................125 19.1 Lifting of generating sets ......................125 19.2 Engine components ........................
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  • Page 9: Main Data And Outputs

    1. Main Data and Outputs The Wärtsilä 31SG is a 4-stroke, non-reversible, turbocharged and intercooled gas engine. Cylinder bore ....... 310 mm Stroke ........430 mm Number of valves ....2 inlet valves, 2 exhaust valves Cylinder configuration ..8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 V-angle ........

  • Page 10: Reference Conditions

    Reference conditions The output is available within a range of ambient conditions and coolant temperatures specified in the chapter Technical Data. The required fuel quality for maximum output is specified in the section Fuel characteristics. For ambient conditions or fuel qualities outside the specification, the output may have to be reduced.

  • Page 11: Dimensions And Weights

    Dimensions and weights 1.4.1 Generating sets Fig 1-1 W8V31SG & W10V31SG engine dimensions Engine W 8V31SG 6087 6196 3560 1650 1650 W 10V31SG 6726 6836 4200 1650 1650 Engine Weight Weight Engine liquids W 8V31SG 3205 3205 4701 1796 3115 3115 1600 1153...
  • Page 12 Fig 1-2 W12V31SG, W14V31SG & W16V31SG engine dimensions Engine W 12V31SG 7840 8090 4840 2000 2000 1000 1250 W 14V31SG 8480 8730 5480 2000 2000 1000 1250 W 16V31SG 9120 9370 9120 2000 2000 1000 1250 Engine Weight Weight Engine liquids W 12V31SG 2926...
  • Page 13 * Turbocharger at flywheel end; ** Weight without liquids, damper and flywheel (as a rule of thumb, add 60kg per cylinder on top of 8 and or 10V engine weight or, add 50kg per cylinder for 12, 14 and 16V engines for additional gas components weight);...
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  • Page 15: Operating Ranges

    Operating Ranges Engine operating range Running below nominal speed the load must be limited according to the diagrams in this chapter in order to maintain engine operating parameters within acceptable limits. Operation in the shaded area is permitted only temporarily during transients. Minimum speed is indicated in the diagram, but project specific limitations may apply.
  • Page 16 2.2.2 Diesel electric propulsion and auxiliary engines 2.2.2.1 Loading rates Constant speed engines (DE / Aux) Normal loading rate, constant speed engines, 720/750 rpm (DE / Aux) Table 2-1 Normal Loading rate Emergency, Engine load Nominal loading Fast loading Fast loading Hybrid operation [% of MCR] (MN70) [s]...
  • Page 17 Unloading rate, constant speed engines, 720/750 rpm (DE / Aux / CPP) Table 2-2 Unloading rate Engine load [% Emergency, Hybrid of MCR] Nominal unloading [s] Fast unloading [s] operation only [s] #N/A #N/A Fig 2-2 Unloading rate, constant speed engines, 720/750 rpm (DE / Aux / CPP) In gas electric installations loading ramps are implemented both in the propulsion control and in the power management system, or in the engine speed control in case isochronous load sharing is applied.
  • Page 18 2.2.2.2 Instant Load Application The maximum permissible load step which may be applied at any given load can be read from the figure below. The values are valid for engines operating in island mode (speed control). Furthermore, the stated values are limited to a running engine that has reached nominal operating temperatures, or for an engine which has been operated at above 30% load within the last 30 minutes.

  • Page 19: Low Load Operation

    Low load operation 2.3.1 Normal Low load operation - Normal load acceptance In order to avoid fouling of the engine, recommended limits to the low load operation are given. Low load operation is all loads below 15% load. Cumulative low load operation should not exceed the recommended values given in the chart and table.

  • Page 20: Low Air Temperature

    Table 2-4 Max continuous low load operation time for load acceptance according to Normal Load acceptance chapter Engine load W31SG on Gas 550kW/cyl Fig 2-5 Low load operating restrictions 2.3.2 Absolute idling Absolute idling (disconnected generator) ● Maximum 10 minutes if the engine is to be stopped after the idling. 3-5 minutes idling before stop is recommended.
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  • Page 22: Technical Data

    3. Technical Data Introduction This chapter contains technical data of the engine (heat balance, flows, pressures etc.) for design of auxiliary systems. Further design criteria for external equipment and system layouts are presented in the respective chapter. 3.1.1 Engine driven pumps The fuel consumption stated in the technical data tables is with engine driven pumps.

  • Page 23: Wärtsilä 8V31Sg

    Wärtsilä 8V31SG Wärtsilä 8V31SG mode mode mode mode Engine speed Cylinder output Speed mode Constant Constant Constant Constant Engine output 4240 4400 4240 4400 Mean effective pressure 2.72 2.71 2.72 2.71 IMO compliance Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Combustion air system (Note 1) Flow at 100% load kg/s...
  • Page 24 Gas pressure to Gas Valve Unit, min kPa (a) 1015 1015 1015 1015 Gas temperature before Gas Valve Unit °C 0...60 0...60 0...60 0...60 Lubricating oil system Pressure before bearings, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability, including pipe loss, max. Priming pressure, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability priming pump, including pipe loss, max.
  • Page 25 Pressure at engine during start, min. (alarm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 (20°C) Pressure, max. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Low pressure limit in air vessels 1500 1500 1500 1500 Starting air consumption, start (successful) Notes: Note 1 At ISO 15550 conditions (ambient air temperature 25°C, LT-water 25°C) and 100% load. Flow tolerance 9%.

  • Page 26: Wärtsilä 10V31Sg

    Wärtsilä 10V31SG Wärtsilä 10V31SG mode mode mode mode Engine speed Cylinder output Speed mode Constant Constant Constant Constant Engine output 5300 5500 5300 5500 Mean effective pressure 2.72 2.71 2.72 2.71 IMO compliance Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Combustion air system (Note 1) Flow at 100% load kg/s...
  • Page 27 Gas pressure at engine inlet, min (PT901) kPa (a) Gas pressure to Gas Valve Unit, min kPa (a) 1015 1015 1015 1015 Gas temperature before Gas Valve Unit °C 0...60 0...60 0...60 0...60 Lubricating oil system Pressure before bearings, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability, including pipe loss, max.
  • Page 28 Pressure, nom. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Pressure at engine during start, min. (alarm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 (20°C) Pressure, max. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Low pressure limit in air vessels 1500 1500 1500 1500 Starting air consumption, start (successful) Notes: Note 1 At ISO 15550 conditions (ambient air temperature 25°C, LT-water 25°C) and 100% load.

  • Page 29: Wärtsilä 12V31Sg

    Wärtsilä 12V31SG Wärtsilä 12V31SG mode mode mode mode Engine speed Cylinder output Speed mode Constant Constant Constant Constant Engine output 6360 6600 6360 6600 Mean effective pressure 2.72 2.71 2.72 2.71 IMO compliance Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Combustion air system (Note 1) Flow at 100% load kg/s...
  • Page 30 Gas pressure to Gas Valve Unit, min kPa (a) 1015 1015 1015 1015 Gas temperature before Gas Valve Unit °C 0...60 0...60 0...60 0...60 Lubricating oil system Pressure before bearings, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability, including pipe loss, max. Priming pressure, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability priming pump, including pipe loss, max.
  • Page 31 Pressure at engine during start, min. (alarm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 (20°C) Pressure, max. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Low pressure limit in air vessels 1500 1500 1500 1500 Starting air consumption, start (successful) Notes: Note 1 At ISO 15550 conditions (ambient air temperature 25°C, LT-water 25°C) and 100% load. Flow tolerance 9%.

  • Page 32: Wärtsilä 14V31Sg

    Wärtsilä 14V31SG Wärtsilä 14V31SG mode mode mode mode Engine speed Cylinder output Speed mode Constant Constant Constant Constant Engine output 7420 7700 7420 7700 Mean effective pressure 2.72 2.71 2.72 2.71 IMO compliance Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Combustion air system (Note 1) Flow at 100% load kg/s...
  • Page 33 Gas pressure to Gas Valve Unit, min kPa (a) 1015 1015 1015 1015 Gas temperature before Gas Valve Unit °C 0...60 0...60 0...60 0...60 Lubricating oil system Pressure before bearings, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability, including pipe loss, max. Priming pressure, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability priming pump, including pipe loss, max.
  • Page 34 Pressure at engine during start, min. (alarm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 (20°C) Pressure, max. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Low pressure limit in air vessels 1500 1500 1500 1500 Starting air consumption, start (successful) Notes: Note 1 At ISO 15550 conditions (ambient air temperature 25°C, LT-water 25°C) and 100% load. Flow tolerance 9%.

  • Page 35: Wärtsilä 16V31Sg

    Wärtsilä 16V31SG Wärtsilä 16V31SG mode mode mode mode Engine speed Cylinder output Speed mode Constant Constant Constant Constant Engine output 8480 8800 8480 8800 Mean effective pressure 2.72 2.71 2.72 2.71 IMO compliance Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier 3 Combustion air system (Note 1) Flow at 100% load kg/s...
  • Page 36 Gas pressure to Gas Valve Unit, min kPa (a) 1015 1015 1015 1015 Gas temperature before Gas Valve Unit °C 0...60 0...60 0...60 0...60 Lubricating oil system Pressure before bearings, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability, including pipe loss, max. Priming pressure, nom. (PT 201) Suction ability priming pump, including pipe loss, max.
  • Page 37 Pressure at engine during start, min. (alarm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 (20°C) Pressure, max. 3000 3000 3000 3000 Low pressure limit in air vessels 1500 1500 1500 1500 Starting air consumption, start (successful) Notes: Note 1 At ISO 15550 conditions (ambient air temperature 25°C, LT-water 25°C) and 100% load. Flow tolerance 9%.

  • Page 38: Description Of The Engine

    Description of the Engine Definitions Fig 4-1 Engine definitions (V93C0028) Main components and systems 4.2.1 Engine block The engine block, made of nodular cast iron, is cast in one piece for all cylinder numbers and it supports the underslung crankshaft. The block has been given a stiff and durable design to absorb internal forces and the engine can therefore also be resiliently mounted not requiring any intermediate foundations.
  • Page 39 Crankshaft itself is forged in one piece. Both main bearings and big end bearings temperatures are continuously monitored. Counterweights are fitted on every web. High degree of balancing results in an even and thick oil film for all bearings. The connecting rods are arranged side-by-side and the diameters of the crank pins and journals are equal irrespective of the cylinder number.
  • Page 40 resistance. All valves are hydraulic controlled with valve guides and equipped with valve springs and rotators. A small side air receiver is located in the hot box, including charge air bends with integrated hydraulics and charge air riser pipes. Following components are connected to the cylinder head: ●...
  • Page 41 4.2.12 Fuel equipment When operating the engine, the gas is injected through gas admission valves into the inlet channel of each cylinder. The gas is mixed with the combustion air immediately upstream of the inlet valve in the cylinder head and the gas/air mixture will flow into the cylinder during the intake stroke. Since the gas valve is timed independently of the inlet valve, scavenging of the cylinder is possible without risk that unburned gas is escaping directly from the inlet to the exhaust.

  • Page 42: Time Between Inspection Or Overhaul & Expected Life Time

    Time between Inspection or Overhaul & Expected Life Time NOTE  Time Between Overhaul data can be found in Services Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual (O&MM)  Expected lifetime values may differ from values found in Services O&MM manual  Achieved life times very much depend on the operating conditions, average loading of the engine, fuel quality used, fuel handling systems, performance of maintenance etc ...
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  • Page 44: Piping Design, Treatment And Installation

    Piping Design, Treatment and Installation This chapter provides general guidelines for the design, construction and planning of piping systems, however, not excluding other solutions of at least equal standard. Installation related instructions are included in the project specific instructions delivered for each installation. Lubricating oil, fresh water and compressed air piping is usually made in seamless carbon steel (DIN 2448) and seamless precision tubes in carbon or stainless steel (DIN 2391), exhaust gas piping in welded pipes of corten or carbon steel (DIN 2458).

  • Page 45: Pressure Class

    Table 5-1 Recommended maximum velocities on pump delivery side for guidance Piping Pipe material Max velocity [m/s] LNG Piping Stainless steel Fuel gas piping Stainless steel / Carbon steel Lubricating Black steel piping Fresh water piping Black steel Sea water piping Galvanized steel Aluminium brass 10/90 copper-nickel-iron...

  • Page 46: Pipe Class

    Example 1: The pressure on the suction side of the cooling water pump is 0.1 MPa (1 bar). The delivery head of the pump is 0.3 MPa (3 bar), leading to a discharge pressure of 0.4 MPa (4 bar). The highest point of the pump curve (at or near zero flow) is 0.1 MPa (1 bar) higher than the nominal point, and consequently the discharge pressure may rise to 0.5 MPa (5 bar) (with closed or throttled valves).

  • Page 47: Insulation

    Insulation The following pipes shall be insulated: ● All trace heated pipes ● Exhaust gas pipes ● Exposed parts of pipes with temperature > 60°C Insulation is also recommended for: ● Pipes between engine or system oil tank and lubricating oil separator ●...

  • Page 48: Flexible Pipe Connections

    5.7.2 Lubricating oil pipes Flushing of the piping and equipment built on the engine is not required and flushing oil shall not be pumped through the engine oil system (which is flushed and clean from the factory). It is however acceptable to circulate the flushing oil via the engine sump if this is advantageous. Cleanliness of the oil sump shall be verified after completed flushing and is acceptable when the cleanliness has reached a level in accordance with ISO 4406 (c) 21/19/15, NAS10.
  • Page 49 Fig 5-1 Flexible hoses Page | 49...

  • Page 50: Clamping Of Pipes

    Drawing V60L0796 below is showing how pipes shall be clamped. NOTE Pressurized flexible connections carrying flammable fluids or compressed air have to be type approved. Clamping of pipes It is very important to fix the pipes to rigid structures next to flexible pipe connections in order to prevent damage caused by vibration.
  • Page 51 Fig 5-3 Flange supports of flexible pipe connections (4V60L0796) Fig 5-4 Pipe clamp for fixed support (4V61H0842) Page | 51...
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  • Page 53: Fuel System

    Acceptable fuel characteristics 6.1.1 Gas fuel specification As a gas fuel engine, the Wärtsilä 31SG engine is designed for continuous operation only in gas operating mode. For continuous operation in the rated output, the gas used as main fuel in gas operating mode has to fulfill the below mentioned quality requirements.

  • Page 54: Fuel Gas System

    6.2.1 Gas mode operation In gas operating mode the main fuel is natural gas which is injected into the engine at a low pressure. The gas is ignited with sparkplug in a prechamber located in the engine. Main gas valves are solenoid operated and electronically controlled whereas pre-chamber is hydro-mechanically controlled with sparkplug.
  • Page 55 Pipe connections Size Gas inlet Gas system ventilation Air inlet to double wall gas system 6.3.1.2 Fuel gas system, with enclosed GVU Fig 6-2 Example of fuel gas system with enclosed GVU (DAAF077105B) System components Supplier Gas detector Gas double wall system ventilation fan 10N05 Gas valve unit...
  • Page 56 The fuel gas can typically be contained as CNG, LNG at atmospheric pressure, or pressurized LNG. The design of the external fuel gas feed system may vary, but every system should provide natural gas with the correct temperature and pressure to each engine. 6.3.1.3 Double wall gas piping and the ventilation of the piping The annular space in double wall piping is ventilated artificially by underpressure created by ventilation fans.
  • Page 57 6.3.1.4 Gas valve unit (10N05) Before the gas is supplied to the engine it passes through a Gas Valve Unit (GVU). The GVU include a gas pressure control valve and a series of block and bleed valves to ensure reliable and safe operation on gas.
  • Page 58 Fig 6-4 Gas valve unit reference P&I diagram (DAAF051037D) Page | 58...
  • Page 59 Fig 6-5 Main dimensions of the enclosed GVU (DAAF060741A) Fig 6-6 Main dimensions of the open GVU (DAAW010186A) Page | 59...
  • Page 60 Fig 6-7 Gas valve unit P&I diagram, open type (DAAF085795A) Page | 60...
  • Page 61 6.3.1.5 Master fuel gas valve For LNG carriers, IMO IGC code requires a master gas fuel valve to be installed in the fuel gas feed system. At least one master gas fuel valve is required, but it is recommended to apply one valve for each engine compartment using fuel gas to enable independent operation.
  • Page 62 Table 6-5 Nitrogen properties as a medium for purging Property Unit Value Content of mixture out of ≥ 95.0 Oxygen content ≤ 1.0 Dew point (atmospheric ≤ 40 °C pressure) Pressure before purging 8 ± Bar(g) value 1.75 The following guidelines apply for purging the fuel gas pipe between GVU and engine: Required inert gas amount: 5 times the total volume of gas pipes that are to be purged Flow: Standard purging time is 20 seconds;...

  • Page 63: Lubricating Oil System

    Lubricating Oil System Lubricating oil requirements 7.1.1 Engine lubricating oil Lubricating oils with the following properties have to be used. Viscosity & Viscosity Index (VI) class SAE 40 and VI of min. 95. Lubricating oils with alkalinity (BN) of 4 - 7 mg KOH/g. Sulphated ash content of gas engine oil is a very important property.
  • Page 64 Fig 7-2 Lubricating oil system, single engine & wet sump (DAAF301501B) Page | 64...
  • Page 65 Fig 7-3 Lubricating oil system (Gas), multiple engines & wet sump (DAAF301500A) Page | 65...
  • Page 66 7.2.1 Separation system 7.2.1.1 Separator unit (2N01) If the installation is designed to operate on gas only, then intermittent separating might be sufficient. Separators are usually supplied as pre-assembled units. Typically lubricating oil separator units are equipped with: ● Feed pump with suction strainer and safety valve ●...
  • Page 67 The surface temperature of the heater must not exceed 150°C in order to avoid cooking of the oil. The heaters should be provided with safety valves and drain pipes to a leakage tank (so that possible leakage can be detected). Separator (2S01) The separators should preferably be of a type with controlled discharge of the bowl to minimize the lubricating oil losses.
  • Page 68 Fig 7-4 Example of system oil tank arrangement (DAAE007020e) Design data: Oil tank volume 1.2...1.5 l/kW, see also Technical data Oil level at service 75...80% of tank volume Oil level alarm 60% of tank volume 7.2.3 Suction strainers (2F01, 2F04, 2F06) It is recommended to install a suction strainer before each pump to protect the pump from damage.

  • Page 69: Crankcase Ventilation System

    maximum permitted pressure is 200 kPa (2 bar) to avoid leakage through the labyrinth seal in the turbocharger (not a problem when the engine is running). A two speed electric motor for a main or standby pump is not accepted. The piping shall be arranged so that the pre-lubricating oil pump fills the main oil pump, when the main pump is engine driven.

  • Page 70: Flushing Instructions

    Design data: Flow see Technical data Backpressure, see Technical data max. Temperature 80°C The size of the ventilation pipe (D2) out from the condensate trap should be equal or bigger than the ventilation pipe (D) coming from the engine. more information about ventilation pipe (D) size, see the external...
  • Page 71 Operate the separator unit continuously during the flushing (not less than 24 hours). Leave the separator running also after the flushing procedure, this to ensure that any remaining contaminants are removed. If an electric motor driven stand-by pump (2P04) is installed then piping shall be flushed running the pump circulating engine oil through a temporary external oil filter (recommended mesh 34 microns) into the engine oil sump through a hose and a crankcase door.
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  • Page 73: Compressed Air System

    Compressed Air System Compressed air is used to start engines and to provide actuating energy for safety and control devices. The use of starting air for other purposes is limited by the classification regulations. To ensure the functionality of the components in the compressed air system, the compressed air has to be free from solid particles and oil.
  • Page 74 Fig 8-1 External starting air system (DAAF301502) 8.2.1 Starting air compressor unit (3N02) At least two starting air compressors must be installed. It is recommended that the compressors are capable of filling the starting air vessel from minimum (1.8 MPa) to maximum pressure in 15...30 minutes.
  • Page 75 Dimensions are approximate. Fig 8-2 Starting air vessel The starting air consumption stated in technical data is for a successful start. During start the main starting valve is kept open until the engine starts, or until the max. time for the starting attempt has elapsed.

  • Page 76: Cooling Water System

    Cooling Water System Water quality The fresh water in the cooling water system of the engine must fulfil the following requirements: pH ....... min. 6.5...8.5 Hardness ..... max. 10 °dH Chlorides ..... max. 80 mg/l Sulphates ....max. 150 mg/l Good quality tap water can be used, but shore water is not always suitable.
  • Page 77 Fig 9-1 Example diagram for multiple main engines (DAAF301505A) Page | 77...
  • Page 78 Fig 9-2 Cooling water system, arctic solution for multiple engines (DAAF320500A) 9.2.1 Cooling water system for arctic conditions At low engine loads the combustion air can be below zero degrees Celsius after the compressor stage, it cools down the cooling water and the engine instead of releasing heat to the cooling water in the charge air cooler.
  • Page 79 overcooling the engine jacket can cause cold corrosion of the cylinder liners or even a stuck piston. Thus maintaining nominal charge air receiver and HT-water inlet temperature are important factors, when designing the cooling water system for arctic conditions. Proper receiver temperatures must be ensured at all ambient temperatures.
  • Page 80 The maximum inlet water temperature for those equipment is generally 38 ºC. The set-point of the temperature control valve 4V08 can be up to 45 ºC for the engine. 9.2.5 Charge air temperature control valve (4V09) The temperature of the charge air is maintained on desired level with an electrically actuated temperature control valve in the external LT circuit.
  • Page 81 Box cooling has the advantage that no raw water system is needed, and box coolers are less sensitive for fouling and therefor well suited for shallow or muddy waters. 9.2.8 Waste heat recovery The waste heat in the HT cooling water can be used for fresh water production, central heating, tank heating etc.
  • Page 82 Table 9-1 Minimum diameter of balance pipe Nominal pipe Max. flow Max. number of vent size velocity (m/s) pipes with ø 5 mm orifice DN 32 DN 40 DN 50 DN 65 9.2.11 Drain tank (4T04) It is recommended to collect the cooling water with additives in a drain tank, when the system has to be drained for maintenance work.
  • Page 83 Required heating power to heat up the engine, see formula below: where: P = Preheater output [kW] Preheating temperature = 60...70 °C Ambient emperature [°C] m = Engine weight [tonne] = Lubricating oil volume [m ] (wet sump engines only) = HT water volume [m t = Preheating time [h] Engine specific coefficient = 1 kW n...

  • Page 84: Combustion Air System

    Combustion Air System 10.1 Engine room ventilation To maintain acceptable operating conditions for the engines and to ensure trouble free operation of all equipment, attention to shall be paid to the engine room ventilation and the supply of combustion air. The air intakes to the engine room must be located and designed so that water spray, rain water, dust and exhaust gases cannot enter the ventilation ducts and the engine room.

  • Page 85: Combustion Air System Design

    in areas of frequent maintenance activities. For very cold conditions a pre-heater in the system should be considered. Suitable media could be thermal oil or water/glycol to avoid the risk for freezing. If steam is specified as heating medium for the ship, the pre-heater should be in a secondary circuit.
  • Page 86 where: qc = combustion air volume flow [m³/s] m' = combustion air mass flow [kg/s] ρ = air density 1.15 kg/m³ The fans should preferably have two-speed electric motors (or variable speed) for enhanced flexibility. In addition to manual control, the fan speed can be controlled by engine load. In multi-engine installations each main engine should preferably have its own combustion air fan.
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  • Page 88: Exhaust Gas System

    11. Exhaust Gas System 11.1 Exhaust gas outlet TC Location Engine Free end Driving end W 8V31SG 0º, 45º, 90º 0º, 45º, 90º W 10V31SG Fig 11-1 Exhaust pipe connections, W8V31 & W10V31 (DAAF343596A) TC Location Engine Free end Driving end W 12V31SG W 14V31SG 0º, 45º, 90º...

  • Page 89: External Exhaust Gas System

    Engine A[mm] ØB [mm] W 8V31SG DN550 W 10V31SG DN550 Fig 11-3 Exhaust pipe, diameters and support (DAAF351047) Engine A[mm] ØB [mm] W 12V31SG DN450 W 14V31SG DN450 W 16V31SG DN450 1000 Fig 11-4 Exhaust pipe, diameters and support (DAAF351275A, DAAF351507A) 11.2 External exhaust gas system Each engine should have its own exhaust pipe into open air.
  • Page 90 Engine Exhaust gas bellows Transitions piece Exhaust gas ventilation unit * Connection for measurement of back pressure Drain with water trap, continuously open Bilge Rupture disc * Selective Catalytic Reactor (SCR) 10 Urea injection unit (SCR) 11a Silencer with spark arrestor 11b CSS silencer element Fig 11-5 External exhaust gas system (DAAF391527)
  • Page 91 11.2.2 Exhaust gas ventilation unit (5N01) An exhaust gas ventilation system is required to purge the exhaust piping after the engine has been stopped in gas mode. The exhaust gas ventilation system is a class requirement. The ventilation unit is to consist of a centrifugal fan, a flow switch and a butterfly valve with position feedback.
  • Page 92 11.2.4 Piping The piping should be as short and straight as possible. Pipe bends and expansions should be smooth to minimise the backpressure. The diameter of the exhaust pipe should be increased directly after the bellows on the turbocharger. Pipe bends should be made with the largest possible bending radius;...
  • Page 93 11.2.6 Back pressure The maximum permissible exhaust gas back pressure is stated in chapter Technical Data. The back pressure in the system must be calculated by the shipyard based on the actual piping design and the resistance of the components in the exhaust system. The exhaust gas mass flow and temperature given in chapter Technical Data may be used for the calculation.
  • Page 94 Fig 11-7 Exhaust noise, source power corrections The conventional silencer is able to reduce the sound level in a certain area of the frequency spectrum. CSS is designed to cover the whole frequency spectrum. 11.2.10.2 Silencer system comparison With a conventional silencer system, the design of the noise reduction system usually starts from the engine.
  • Page 95 11.2.10.3 Compact silencer system (5N02) The CSS system is optimized for each installation as a complete exhaust gas system. The optimization is made according to the engine characteristics, to the sound level requirements and to other equipment installed in the exhaust gas system, like SCR, exhaust gas boiler or scrubbers.

  • Page 96: Turbocharger Cleaning

    The noise attenuation of the standard silencer is either 25 or 35 dB(A). This attenuation is valid up to a flow velocity of max. 40 m/s. Turbocharger Cleaning Regular water cleaning of the turbine and the compressor reduces the formation of deposits and extends the time between overhauls.

  • Page 97: Compressor Cleaning System

    12.2 Compressor cleaning system The compressor side of the turbocharger is cleaned with the same equipment as the turbine. ´ Page | 97...
  • Page 98 Page | 98...

  • Page 99: Exhaust Emissions

    Exhaust Emissions Exhaust emissions from the dual fuel engine mainly consist of nitrogen, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour with smaller quantities of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), partially reacted and non-combusted hydrocarbons and particulates. 13.1 Gas engine exhaust components Due to the high efficiency and the clean fuel used in a spark ignited gas engine, the exhaust gas...

  • Page 100: Automation System

    Automation System Wärtsilä Unified Controls - UNIC is a fully embedded and distributed engine management system, which handles all control functions on the engine; for example start sequencing, start blocking, fuel injection, ignition control, cylinder balancing, knock control, speed control, load sharing, normal stops and safety shutdowns.
  • Page 101 IOM Input/Output Module handles measurements and limited control functions in a specific area on the engine. CCM Cylinder Control Module handles fuel injection control and local measurements for the cylinders. ESM Engine Safety Module handles fundamental engine safety, for example shutdown due to overspeed or low lubricating oil pressure.
  • Page 102 14.1.4 Engine safety system The engine safety module handles fundamental safety functions independently from engine controls, for example overspeed protection. Main features: ● Redundant design for power supply, speed inputs and stop solenoid control ● Fault detection on sensors, solenoids and wires ●...
  • Page 103 Table 14-1 Typical amount of cables Cable From <=> To Cable types typical Gas Valve Unit <=> Integrated Automation System 2 x 2 x 0.75 mm 1 x Ethernet CAT5 Engine <=> Gas Valve Unit 4 x 2 x 0.75 mm 2 x 2 x 0.75 mm 3 x 2 x 0.75 mm Gas Valve Unit <=>...

  • Page 104: Functions

    14.2 Functions 14.2.1 Start 14.2.1.1 Start blocking Starting is inhibited by the following functions: ● Turning device engaged ● Pre-lubricating pressure low (override if black-out input is high and within last 30 minutes after the pressure has dropped below the set point of 0.8 bar) ●...

  • Page 105: Alarm And Monitoring Signals

    14.2.3.3 Emergency stop mode The sequence of engine stopping in emergency stop mode is similar to shutdown mode and also the pre-chamber gas is de-activated immediately upon stop signal. Emergency stop is the fastest way of manually shutting down the engine. In case the emergency stop push-button is pressed, the button is automatically locked in pressed position.
  • Page 106 Electric motor ratings for engine turning device Engine type Voltage [V] Frequency [Hz] Power [kW] Current [A] Wärtsilä 31SG 3 x 400 - 690V 50 / 60 10 - 6A 14.4.1.2 Pre-lubricating oil pump The pre-lubricating oil pump must always be running when the engine is stopped. The engine control system handles start/stop of the pump automatically via a motor starter.

  • Page 107: System Requirements And Guidelines For Gas-Electric Propulsion

    14.4.1.7 Stand-by pump, LT cooling water (if applicable) (4P05) The engine control system starts the pump automatically via a motor starter, if the cooling water pressure drops below a preset level when the engine is running. 14.4.1.8 Circulating pump for preheater (4P04) The preheater pump shall start when the engine stops (to ensure water circulation through the hot engine) and stop when the engine starts.
  • Page 108 demand. In practice the control system should monitor the generator load and reduce the system load, if the generator load exceeds 100%. In speed droop mode all generators take an equal share of increased system load, regardless of any difference in initial load. If the generators already sharing load equally are loaded beyond their max.
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  • Page 110: Foundation

    15. Foundation Wärtsilä SG marine engines can be installed as generating sets to many installations. Dynamic forces caused by the engine are listed in the chapter Vibration and noise. 15.1 Mounting of generating sets 15.1.1 Resilient mounting Generating sets, comprising engine and generator mounted on a common base frame, are usually installed on resilient mounts on the foundation in the ship.
  • Page 111 15.1.1.1 Rubber mounts The generating set is mounted on conical resilient mounts, which are designed to withstand both compression and shear loads. In addition the mounts are equipped with an internal buffer to limit the movements of the generating set due to ship motions. Hence, no additional side or end buffers are required.

  • Page 112: Flexible Pipe Connections

    15.4 Flexible pipe connections When the engine or generating set is resiliently installed, all connections must be flexible and no grating nor ladders may be fixed to the engine or generating set. When installing the flexible pipe connections, unnecessary bending or stretching should be avoided. The external pipe must be precisely aligned to the fitting or flange on the engine.
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  • Page 114: Vibration And Noise

    Vibration and Noise Generating sets comply with vibration levels according to ISO 8528-9. Main engines comply with vibration levels according to ISO 10816-6 Class 5. 16.1 External forces & couples Some cylinder configurations produce external forces and couples. These are listed in the tables below.
  • Page 115 Table 16-2 External couples Speed Freq. Freq. Freq. Engine [RPM] [Hz] [kNm] [kN] [Hz] [kN] [kN] [Hz] [kN] [kN] 8V31SG 10V31SG 12.5 12V31SG 14V31SG 12.5 16V31SG -- couples and forces = zero or insignificant. Table 16-3 Torque variations Speed Freq. Freq.

  • Page 116: Mass Moments Of Inertia

    Table 16-4 Torque variations (at 0% load) Speed Freq. Freq. Freq. Freq. Engine [RPM] [Hz] [kNm] [kNm] [Hz] [kN] [Hz] [kN] 8V31SG 10V31SG 12V31SG 37.5 112.5 14V31SG 16V31SG --- couples and forces = zero or insignificant. 16.2 Mass moments of inertia The mass-moments of inertia of the main engines (including flywheel) are typically as follows: Engine J ( kg m...

  • Page 117: Exhaust Noise

    16.4 Exhaust noise The results represent typical exhaust sound power level emitted from turbocharger outlet to free field at engine full load and nominal speed. Exhaust gas Sound Power Level in Octave Frequency Band [dB, ref 1pW] [Hz] 1000 2000 4000 Total Page | 117...

  • Page 118: Power Transmission

    17. Power Transmission 17.1 Flexible coupling The power transmission of propulsion engines is accomplished through a flexible coupling or a combined flexible coupling and clutch mounted on the flywheel. The crankshaft is equipped with an additional shield bearing at the flywheel end. Therefore also a rather heavy coupling can be mounted on the flywheel without intermediate bearings.
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  • Page 120: Engine Room Layout

    18. Engine Room Layout 18.1 Crankshaft distances Minimum crankshaft distances are to be arranged in order to provide sufficient space between engines for maintenance and operation. 18.1.2 Generating sets Fig 18-1 V-engines, turbocharger in free end (DAAF363645) Engine W V31SG 2200 2620 3800...

  • Page 121: Space Requirements For Maintenance

    18.2 Space requirements for maintenance 18.2.1 Working space around the engine The required working space around the engine is mainly determined by the dismounting dimensions of engine components, and space requirement of some special tools. It is especially important that no obstructive structures are built next to engine driven pumps, as well as camshaft and crankcase doors.
  • Page 122 18.4.1 Service space requirement 18.4.1.1 Service space requirement, engine Page | 122...
  • Page 123 Fig 18-2 Service space requirement, W8V31 & W10V31 (DAAF443904) Fig 18-7 Service space requirement, W12V31, W14V31 & W14V31 (DAAF438352) Page | 123...
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  • Page 125: Transport Dimensions And Weights

    19. Transport Dimensions and Weights 19.1 Lifting of generating sets Fig 19-1 Lifting of generating sets ( DAAF 341224) Page | 125...

  • Page 126: Engine Components

    19.2 Engine components Table 19-1 Turbocharger and cooler inserts Dimensions Weight Engine [kg] W 8V31SG W 10V31SG W 12V31SG W 14V31SG Fig 19-2 Lube oil cooler W 16V31SG Dimensions Weight Engin e [kg] W 8V31SG 1165 W 10V31SG 1165 W 12V31SG 1165 W 14V31SG 1135...
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  • Page 128: Product Guide Attachments

    Product Guide Attachments This and all other product guides can be accessed on the internet, at www.wartsila.com. Product guides are available both in web and PDF format. Engine outline drawings are available not only in 2D drawings (in PDF, DXF format), but also in 3D models in near future. Please consult your sales contact at Wärtsilä...
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  • Page 130: Annex

    ANNEX 21.1 Unit conversion tables The tables below will help you to convert units used in this product guide to other units. Where the conversion factor is not accurate a suitable number of decimals have been used. Length conversion factors Mass conversion factors Convert Multiply...

  • Page 131: Prefix

    21.1.1 Prefix Table 21-1 The most common prefix multipliers Name Symbol Factor Name Symbol Factor Name Symbol tera 1012 kilo nano giga milli 10.Mar mega micro μ 10.Jun Page | 131...

  • Page 132: Collection Of Drawing Symbols Used In Drawings

    Wärtsilä 31SG Product Guide 21.2 Collection of drawing symbols used in drawings Page | 132...

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