Leica DM L Instructions Manual
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Leica DM L Instructions Manual

Leica DM L Instructions Manual

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  • Page 1 Leica DM L Instructions...
  • Page 2 3rd edition, issued in 1998 by: Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH Ernst-Leitz-Strasse D-35578 Wetzlar, P. O. Box 20 40 Responsible for contents: Microscopy product management Phone +49 (0) 64 41-29 25 19 +49 (0) 64 41-29 22 55...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Important notes on this manual ....... Care and maintenance ........62 Wearing and spare parts, tools ....... 63 Assembly and description of components ..Unpacking ............Supplementary information ......64 Installation site ........... Tubes ..............64 Safety ..............Intermediate modules ........64 Mains voltage, fuses ..........
  • Page 4 General specifications General specifications The Leica DML microscope family consists of a number of variants such as: Leica DMLB (30 W lamp/with transformer supply/30 T) 020-519.500 to 020-519.503 Leica DMLB (30 W lamp/with switched mode power supply/30 S) 020-519.504 to 020-519.507...
  • Page 5 Cross section diagram of DAS Mikroskop LEICA DM LB Transmitted light path Incident light path* 1 Transmitted light source (30 or 100 W) 16 – 20: Vertical illuminator* 2 Filter, permanently built-in Light source* (halogen, Hg or Xe) Filter (BG 38)

  • Page 6: Important Notes On This Manual

    Important notes on this manual The Leica DM L microscope series consists of several basic stands and a range of modular Attention: components allowing an almost unlimited variety of individual outfits. Therefore this This manual is an integral part of the product...

  • Page 7: Assembly And Description Of Components

    Attention: dealt with in this manual, it is essential to Make sure that the workplace is free from oil consult the Leica agency for your area or the and chemical fumes. Vibrations, direct sunlight main factory in Wetzlar! and major temperature fluctuations have a...

  • Page 8: Mains Voltage, Fuses

    (230 or 115 V)! Fig. 1a – c Backs of DM L microscopes a Type L 30 T, b Type L 30 S, c Type L 100 S 1 Type plate, 2 115/230 V switch (type L 30 T only), 3 Connection for 12 V 100 W lamp, type L 100 S only; some configurations also have 2 100 W ports with switch, e.g.
  • Page 9 Built-in power supply Type L 30 S and Type L 100 S (Figs. 1b and 1c) Attention: Electronic stabilisation of output voltage 12 V. Automatic adaptation to the local mains voltage On no account should you use fuses of dif- of 90 –...

  • Page 10: Filters, Polarizers

    Filter holders for transmitted light Assembly tools be seen on its edge, e.g. N 16. Stick corre- sponding adhesive labels close to the operating You only need a few ordinary screwdrivers to levers (4.5). Cf → 33.7, put filter magazine back assemble your microscope.

  • Page 11: Condensers

    Assembly of condensers ICT/P polarizer Attached with the knurled screw on the left (6.1), the pin at the right on the underside of the Auxiliary condenser lens LS condenser holder serves as a stop when the The auxiliary lens LS (8.1, for DM LS microscope polarizer is swung in and out.
  • Page 12 The lettering (e.g. DF, PH 1. . . , λ) must point the components should tally with the marking at upwards, whole- quarter-wave the opposite position (outer edge of the disc). compensators (9.6) must be inserted with the Tighten the centering screws (9.3; 9.5) until the correct orientation: the notch must point components are roughly in the center of the towards the centre of the disc! The lettering of...
  • Page 13 UCA/P condenser Lens for 2.5x objective* UCA/P condenser disc For observation with the 2.5x objective, a special adaptation lens (9.7) must be inserted into one The UCA/P hinged condenser (Fig. 10) can be of the holes in the UCL disc. This lens is fitted with various screw-on condenser tops not available for condensers CL/PH, CLP/PH and (Fig.
  • Page 14 ICT condenser prisms Labelling Insert the ICT condenser prisms K etc. Remove self-adhesive labels, e.g. BF, DF, etc. (11.3a) into the large holes (11.3b) as follows: from the backing film with the aid of a small knife or a needle and stick on to the smooth areas on the outer edge of the disc as follows: a) On the opposite side (i.e.
  • Page 15 Special darkfield condensers Assembly of the condenser disc Screw upper (13.1; 13.4) and lower (13.2) parts Fasten the condenser disc with the axis screw together, further information → p. 45. (11.9), check that the disc rotates properly through 360°; it may be blocked if the centering Fixing the condenser screws (11.8) are not screwed in far enough.

  • Page 16: Stages, Tube System

    Assembly of stage, object guide, tube system Stages Object guide* Mechanical stage on DM LB and DM LM Assemble with two clamp screws (28.2). Your microscope: slightly turn out clamp screw delivery will either contain the guide for 2 (28.13) and insert stage, holding slightly at an specimen slides (15.1) or the one-hand object angle, into the circular mount (14.8).

  • Page 17: Incident Light Modules

    → p. 30 module, 7 POL system, 8 Smith reflector – 31. Besides tubes from the DM L range (Fig. 44), it is also possible to adapt tubes from DM R research microscopes (Fig. 46) using the R/L adapter (45.2).
  • Page 18 Light stop* Insert the black plate (30.5) between the two stage plates (39.4), after lowering the condenser The Smith reflector and the DF reflector (16.3 (not with Pol rotary stage). and 16.5) can only be put in opposite positions. The 4 positions of the turret plate are each Photomicrography* marked on the left of the dovetail guide with the In general, a trinocular tube (Fig.

  • Page 19: Eyepieces, Graticules

    10x/20 and 10x/22, insertable and remove pos. 8a or 8b). The 1 Clamp screw, 2 Spacer ring for Leica microscopes (must be 12.5x/16 M model is basically the same as the 10x/25 M pushed upwards as far as the stop) eyepiece.

  • Page 20: Objectives

    Objectives For 100 W transmitted light, only the LH 107 can be used! Always only use Leica objectives of tube length ∞ (infinity)! The standard thread is M25, or for Before assembling to the microscope, you should check that the lamphousings have been incident light darkfield objectives BD M32 (Fig.
  • Page 21 Lamp change, Transmitted light Light sources, Incident light The Leica DM L microscope is fitted for incident light BF, DF, POL and ICR with a 12 V 100 W halo- Attention: gen lamp. For incident light fluorescence, mercury and xenon gas discharge lamps are 12 V 30 W preferable due to the brighter image (Fig.
  • Page 22 Attention: Attention: Leave the protective covering on the lamp until it is in its holder! Do not connect until the lamps have been Avoid making fingerprints wipe assembled, → p. 21. Check the mains voltage immediately. setting and correct if necessary or use a Close the lamphousing (21.1).
  • Page 23 Lamphousing 106 z* Avoid frequent switching on and off, as this can Hg and Xe lamps impair the stability of the illumination and shorten the lamp’s life. Hot Hg lamps cannot be reignited until they have cooled down. Danger: Attention: The following information is extremely We recommend that you let new burners burn in important and should be adhered to under all...
  • Page 24 Attention: Attention: Protect movable interior parts with foam rubber or similar in case of shipment. Disassemble the Insert burner as follows, adhering strictly to burner. the above safety information: To open lamphousing 105 z: undo screws (22.4), Do not remove the protective covering yet pull the cut-out plug slightly out of the socket (24.7).
  • Page 25 Lamphousing 106 z* Move the collector to the rearmost position with Hg and Xe lamps the focusing knob (21.4; 20.2). Pull the focusing knob of the collector outwards. The collector Always insert the burner so that can now be removed. Attention: Attention: Make sure that the lamp base and the power...

  • Page 26: Performance Parameters

    Objectives 0.17 The DM L microscope series is based on tube length ∞ (infinity) and a focal length of the tube The objective may only be used with a lens of f = 200 mm. Therefore, only objectives coverglass of the standard 0.17 mm thickness.
  • Page 27 D (or A, B, C) Attention: Pupil position of the objective (important for ICT Objectives with built-in iris diaphragm! interference contrast and ICR p. 48). The knurled ring may only be used to adjust the diaphragm, not for screwing in and out. Objective type (performance class): Risk of damage! C PLAN...

  • Page 28: Eyepieces

    (see below), e.g. 20. If the maximum optics data sheet. field of view is exceeded, there may be a ++) from the range of Leica AG Heerbrugg/ disturbing loss of definition or vignetting at the CH (formerly WILD) edge of the image, see following pages! Eyepiece tube diameter: 30 mm.
  • Page 29 Field of view no. Tubes higher values than the approximate values given The type designation of DM L tubes (Figs. 44, 46) below: also contains a combination of numbers which indicate the maximum admissible eyepiece fov Objective series max.

  • Page 30: Tube System

    The numbers have the following meanings (→ 4/5/7 Fov 25 is possible up to height index 4 (e.g. table below): the numbers 0/3/4 indicate the 2 Ergomodules L 2/25 or magnification maximum permissible height index of the changer L 3/25). Fov 22 is possible up to intermediate modules (see section on field height index 5, fov 20 is possible up to performance at the top of p.

  • Page 31: Condensers

    ICT only possible from 10x objective important aspect of microscopy. A range of dif- upwards, with the exception of DF with ferent models is available for the Leica DM L condenser top 0.50/S15: from 5x objective. microscope series. Intercept distance, i.e. distance between...

  • Page 32: Total Magnification

    Total magnification Useful magnification Total magnification = objective The total magnification of a light microscope is magnification x eyepiece magnification. subject to physical limits known as the useful magnification. This is roughly a thousand times If using the magnification changer ( → p. 65, the aperture of the objective, →...

  • Page 33: Operation

    Transmitted light, basic setting Switching on Adjustment specimen Mains connection and fuse → p. 9 – 10. For initial adjustment of the microscope it is Operate mains switch (28.9) so that the advisable to have a specimen that contains integrated coloured pilot lamp lights up. Some areas of high and low contrast.
  • Page 34 Focusing For eyepieces with inserted graticule* only: Bring the object greatly out of focus or remove The coaxial controls on each side of the from the light path and sharply focus the microscope have a total of 5 functions (→ Fig. graticule with a relaxed eye by adjusting the 28, p.

  • Page 35: Filters

    If wearing glasses you should remove (18.10, Close any tube exits you will not be using (44.4; for 10x/25) or push back (18.10, for 10x/20 and 46.5), as stray light may otherwise disturb 10x/22) the glare protection, but make sure to viewing.

  • Page 36: Condensers, Koehler Illumination

    CB1.5, CB3 Blue conversion filters. Raise the colour temperature for special lamps. CR1.5 Red conversion filter. Lowers the colour temperature, e.g. from 6000 K (colour temperature of an Xe lamp) to 5500 K (colour temperature of daylight film). BG 23 To enhance the contrast of the complementary colours blue and red for black-and-white film.
  • Page 37 Fig. 28 Transmitted light controls (in this example: UCL Fig. 29 Koehler illumination condenser) a Field diaphragm not focused, not centered, b Field 1 Analyser slot, 2 Fastening of object holder, → Fig. 15, 3 Hole diaphragm focused, but not centered, c Field diaphragm for centering key* (UCL condenser, →...
  • Page 38 Open the field diaphragm (28.10) until it just The aperture diaphragm is set according to the disappears from the field of view (24d). When viewer’s subjective impression of the image, the changing an objective the condenser centration scale on the dial is just to allow reproducible may have to be slightly adjusted.
  • Page 39 Operation of transmitted light An aperture diaphragm in the objective (Fig. The lens can only be used up to an objective 25.4) is normally fully opened. The reduction in magnification of max. 20x. Exact Koehler image brightness caused by stopping down illumination (→...
  • Page 40 Operation of objectives Immersion objectives* CORR objectives Special objectives which can be adjusted to dif- OIL: only use optical immersion oil (30.4) of DIN/ ISO standard. Cleaning → p. 62. Lettering → p. ferent coverglass thicknesses: 27 – 28 and p. 41. correction mount (not illustrated) roughly to an W: Water immersion, used distilled water if average or estimated value by turning the knurl.

  • Page 41: Phase Contrast

    Operation of phase contrast Immersion condensers Possible errors The condensers CL/PH 0.90/1.25 OIL and UCL Wrong coverglass thickness (→ p. 27) or wrong 0.90/1.25 OIL (Fig. 7) are usually used dry. The objective. Specimen has been placed on stage maximum illumination aperture is then 0.90. Both with coverglass downwards instead of upwards.
  • Page 42 Set the light ring corresponding to the objective Auxiliary telescope engraving (e.g. PH 1) on the condenser disc Insert an auxiliary telescope* (30.1) into the (28.15) or use the light ring slide (7.7). observation tube in place of an eyepiece. Slightly loosen the clamp ring (30.3) and focus The double engraving λ...

  • Page 43: Transmitted Light Darkfield

    Operation of transmitted light darkfield Watch the quality of the phase contrast image. If Attention: using the auxiliary telescope, watch the image with one eye through the eyepiece. Then repeat The highest possible objective aperture is 0.75, the centration process for the other objective although objectives with higher apertures can light ring combinations.
  • Page 44 Transmitted light darkfield with special switch to objectives of higher magnifications. darkfield condenser Only the observed object field should be framed with the field diaphragm. The application potential of the DF condensers (Fig. 13) depends on the aperture of the Immersion darkfield objective in use.

  • Page 45: Transmitted Light Polarization

    Operation of oblique illumination, polarization Oblique illumination* Assembly of polarizers* To obtain a relief-like contrast; push DF slide Push the analyser (32.6) into the microscope stand (33.1). The engraving λ must be on the (CL/PH and CLP/PH condenser; 7.7) in part way or rotate condenser disc (18.15) slightly out of underneath.
  • Page 46 λ- and λ/4 compensator Polarizer: Attach filter holder (32.1) to the condenser holder (33.4; 5.2), → p. 11. Push the To activate the compensator (λ = 1st order red = polarizer (33.5a/b) into the lower opening. gypsum plate = wave plate = sensitive tint or λ/4 = mica plate): push in the analyser (32.6) upside Attention: down.

  • Page 47: Transmitted Light Interference Contrast

    Operation of transmitted light interference contrast Condenser for interference contrast Rotatable analyser only: Loosen analyser clamp (not illustrated) and set so that the two line n.b.: Only use the condenser tops 0.90 S1 or P markings are exactly opposite each other. 0.90S1 and P 1.40 OIL.
  • Page 48 Focus the specimen. It may be easier to focus a Adjustment of the condenser prisms stained specimen first or the edge of the If the equipment was delivered together, the coverglass. Set Koehler illumination exactly ( → condenser prisms will already have been p.
  • Page 49 The dark stripe should be in the centre of the Setting ICT contrast brighter circular area (Fig. 36). If not, proceed as Carefully adjust the objective prism slide with follows: push in the left-hand centering key the adjustment screw (34.6) to obtain an (10.3b) on the back of the condenser until it optimum image.
  • Page 50 Preparation errors Polarizer has been damaged by powerful light sources. Check this by holding the polarizer Possible sources of error if ICT image quality is against a window or light source. Damaged light unsatisfactory: sources then show distinctly uneven colouring. Embedding medium, specimen slide (petri dish) The IC prisms in the condenser are in the wrong or object (e.g.

  • Page 51: Incident Light Techniques

    Incident light techniques Switching on the incident light source Attention: The following incident light techniques are For microscopes with transmitted/incident light described in the special supplementary manual switchover on the right side of the microscope for DM LP (polarized light) and the DM LM base (not illustrated): switch to incident light.
  • Page 52 Imaging the light sources to check adjustment Projection on the microscope base (method 2) Pull the light stop* (30.5) out of the stage (39.4). Projection without objective (method 1) Center the condenser at least roughly → p. 37. Put a piece of paper or similar on the specimen Remove the specimen.
  • Page 53 Halogen lamps: LH 106 Halogen, Xe and Hg lamps: LH 106 z Adjust the collector (37.4) until you see the lamp Lamphousing 106 z: Halogen, Xe, Hg lamp (Fig. filament (Fig. 38). If using the fluorescence 40 and 41). illuminator, you will only be able to see a few The image of the light source is focused with coils of the filament.
  • Page 54 Mercury (Hg) and Xenon lamps (Xe) object (→ optics DM L/DM R data sheet) and switch it into the light path, assembly → p. 18. Move the direct image (41b) to the centre of the brighter circle with the horizontal and vertical (40.5 and 40.1) adjustment of the holder.
  • Page 55 Collector setting Halogen, Hg and Xe lamps: Adjust the collector (40.6; 37.4) until the object field is homogeneously illuminated, optimize adjustment if possible; does not apply for LH 105/ 2 and 107. Fig. 41 Schematic diagram of lamp adjustment for lamphousing 106 z (in reality the lamp images are less well defined) a direct lamp image, focused, but decentered b direct lamp image in the correct position c reflected and direct lamp image in correct position...
  • Page 56 Diaphragm settings Protective filter* Open the field diaphragm (39.6) until the field When using gas discharge lamps for polarized of view is just illuminated. Stopping down may light, it is advisable to slot a protective filter (not improve the contrast and be gentler to sensitive illustrated) into the front of lamphousing 106 z to fluorescence specimens.

  • Page 57: Linear Measurements

    Linear measurements Example: Linear measurements If 1.220 mm of the stage micrometer corresponds to 50 following required linear divisions of the measurement scale, the micrometer value is 1.220 : 50 = 0.0244 mm = 24.4 µm. For extremely measurements: low objective magnifications it may be that only part of –...

  • Page 58: Thickness Measurements

    Thickness measurements Thickness measurements Object marker In principle, thickness measurements can be The object marker is screwed in place of an carried out if both the upper and the lower objective (not illustrated). When rotated, a surface of the object can be clearly focused. diamond is lowered onto the coverglass or difference stage...

  • Page 59: Tv Microscopy

    TV microscopy Adaption Recorded picture diagonal with 1 inch inch inch inch Various adapters available camera camera camera camera connection of TV cameras with c-mount and B- without zoom magnification mount thread (Fig. 43). c-mount adapter 1x HC The c-mount adapters listed in the following c-mount adapter 0.63x HC –...
  • Page 60 Possible errors Picture too dim (noisy TV picture, poor contrast). Remedy: Increase lamp intensity, swing filter out of light path, switch over beamsplitter in tube system, switch TV camera to higher sensitivity. Picture too bright (TV picture glare). Remedy: Switch neutral density filter, switch over beamsplitter in tube system, reduce camera sensitivity.

  • Page 61: Care And Maintenance

    Painted or plastic surfaces must not dust off with a bellows ball. be tarnished or etched. All Leica instruments are manufactured and tested with extreme care. If you do have cause Attention: for complaint, however, please do not try to...

  • Page 62: Wearing And Spare Parts, Tools

    Main wearing and spare parts, tools Code no. Part no. Component Used for Spare lamps 500 317 Halogen lamp 12 V 130 W Integrated illumination, transmitted light 500 974 Halogen lamp 12 V 100 W Lamphousing 105/105 z 500 137 Ultra high pressure Hg lamp 50 W Lamphousing 106 z 500 138...

  • Page 63: Supplementary Information

    DM L microscopes. Note that the field of view number might be limited → p. 27 – 32: Tubes from the DM L range (Fig. 44). Tubes for polarized light microscopy are identified by the extra letter P, e.g. Binocular tube HC LBP, Trinocular tube HC L3TP (similar to Fig.
  • Page 64 Magnification changer* For stepwise additional increase of the total magnification by the factors 1.5x and 2x. → Fig. 45.1. Fig. 45 Additions to the tube range 1 Magnification changer (1x, 1.5x, 2x), 2 Adapter HC R/L for DM R tubes (Fig. 45) 3 Ergomodule L2/25 for raising the viewing port by 30 mm, 4 Eyepiece adapter tube HC PHOTO Fig.

  • Page 65: Heating Stages

    350 (up to 350 °C), not illustrated, always requires the condenser outfit UCA/P-S15 and objectives with working distances > 7 mm, → optics DM L/DM R data sheet. Fig. 48a Dual viewing attachment 1 Movement of light pointer in x and y direction, change from...

  • Page 66: Viewing Attachments/Tracing Device

    Multi viewing attachment L MD 3/20 (Fig. 48b) → separate manual. There may be limitations for specimen images in dim light (darkfield, polarization, fluorescence). Tracing device* The tracing device L 3/20 allows an optical overlay of large objects (next to the microscope) on the microscope image.

  • Page 67: Diapositive Overlay

    Lateral overlay* Diapositive overlay device* The devices for diapositive overlay and The diapositive overlay device consists of the macroscopy can only be adapted to the HC FSA reflection optics, the illumination unit with 6 V/ 25 PE tube (46.9) (Fig. 49 and 51). 4 W halogen lamp (49.8), the standard 5 x 5 cm slide frame (49.6) and the control for focusing These tubes have a side flange (46.9) to allow...
  • Page 68 Changing the halogen lamp in the illumination The following diapositives are available: unit Marker arrow 10 mm measurement scale with 100 divisions µm marks for 2.5x – 100x objectives 10 x 10 mm grid division in 100 fields Attention! Test circle and measured length for grain size measurements Disconnect from power supply.

  • Page 69: Macro Device

    The framed diapositive is inserted in the Assembly of the macro device integrated holder (49.6) (white side of diapositive Screw the reflection optics (51.3) onto the tube with lettering facing microscope). flange (51.1) with the coupling ring (51.2). Align the macro adapter (51.5) against the The holder is adjustable on all sides, so the macrodual zoom and secure with the threaded overlay can be moved to different areas of the...
  • Page 70 Operation of macro device The microscope illumination is left switched off to avoid disturbing image brightening. Important: For normal viewing without the The object is placed on the stage under the macro mirror housing or macrodual zoom, put on mirror housing of the macrodual zoom (51.11) the cover to avoid disturbing overlay effects.
  • Page 71 The total magnification in the film plane of a Drawing camera is derived from multiplying the Using the macrodual zoom as a drawing device intermediate image magnification M by the Drawing microstructures under the microscope magnifications of the photo eyepiece and has the advantages over photomicrography that camera attachment, e.g.: significant details can be highlighted and that...
  • Page 72 = correction factor of the reflection optics, Further details on how to use this system can be (1.176x) found in the manual of the manufacturer, Leica AG, Vienna. Not illustrated. The magnification can be altered by changing the zoom setting (scale…) or the level of the VARIMET digital measurement system drawing plane.

  • Page 73: Index

    Index Achromat 28 Focusing 35 Phase contrast 12, 32, 42 Addresses 2, 62 Fuses 9, 63 Photo 19 Adjustment of reflected light 52 Photo eyepieces 19, 20 Adjustment of transmitted light 35 Gas discharge lamps 17 Photomicro 19, 29 Adjustment lens 16 Graticules 20, 29 Planachromat 28 Analyser 46, 48...

  • Page 74: Eu Conformity Declaration

    EU Conformity declaration We hereby declare that the product specified below conforms in its design and construction as well as the model we have put on the market to the relevant safety and health regulations laid down by the European Union. This declaration will cease to be valid if the instrument is modified without our consent.
  • Page 75 Tel. +49 (0) 64 41-29 0 Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH Fax +49 (0) 64 41-29 25 99 Ernst-Leitz-Strasse D-35578 Wetzlar (Germany) http://www.leica.com...

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