AMD Athlon 64 Thermal Design Manual
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AMD Athlon 64 Thermal Design Manual

AMD Athlon 64 Thermal Design Manual

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AMD Athlon™ 64 and
AMD Opteron™
Processors Thermal
Design Guide
Publication #
Issue Date:
Rev:
26633
3.03
September 2003

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Summary of Contents for AMD Athlon 64

  • Page 1 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Publication # Rev: 26633 3.03 Issue Date: September 2003...
  • Page 2 Trademarks AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Athlon, AMD Opteron and combinations thereof, are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Other product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors Thermal Requirements......................13 ™ ™ AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 FX, and AMD Opteron Processor Specifications........................13 Socket Description ......................14 Motherboard Component Height Restrictions ..............16 Thermal Solution Design Requirements................18 Sample Heatsinks and Attachment Methods ..............19 2.5.1 Thermal Reference Design Solution 1.................19...
  • Page 4 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 Thermal Design Guide A.2.2 Procedure......................... 45 Motherboard Component Keep-Out Areas and Height Restriction Drawings....47 Thermal Reference Design Solution Component Drawings ........... 68 Contents...
  • Page 5 Figure 7. View of an Installed Heatsink Utilizing the Thermal Reference Design Solution 1 .........................21 Figure 8. Exploded View of the Components Utilized in the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors Thermal Reference Design Solution 2........23 Figure 9. Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 Components Configured for Shipment ....24 Figure 10.
  • Page 6 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 Thermal Design Guide List of Figures...
  • Page 7 Table 1. Mechanical and Thermal Specifications for the AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors .........................13 Table 2. Thermal Solution Design Requirements for the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors .........................18 Table 3. Components for the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors Thermal Reference Design Solution 1......................19...
  • Page 8 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 Thermal Design Guide List of Tables...

  • Page 9: Revision History

    February 2003 3.02 Revised Figure 3, “Motherboard Component Height Restrictions for the AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor Thermal Solution,” on page 16, and the drawings in the Appendix, section A3, “Motherboard Component Keep-Out Areas and Height Restriction Drawings,” on pages 35–44.
  • Page 10 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 Thermal Design Guide...

  • Page 11: Chapter 1 Introduction

    AMD Opteron processors. 1.1 Summary of Requirements To allow optimal reliability of the AMD Opteron and AMD Athlon 64 processor-based systems, the thermal and cooling solution should dissipate heat from a processor operating at its maximum thermal power. The sections in this document specify required values for the thermal and mechanical parameters.
  • Page 12 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Introduction Chapter 1...

  • Page 13: Chapter 2 Amd Athlon

    AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 FX, and AMD Opteron processors. The thermal and mechanical specifications for the 940-pin AMD Athlon 64 FX processor are the same as those for the AMD Opteron processor. For the thermal and mechanical requirements for the AMD Athlon 64 FX processor, refer to the AMD Opteron processor information presented in this document.

  • Page 14: Socket Description

    Therefore, independent support structures are required for mounting the heatsink. Figure 1. 754-pin µPGA Socket Used for the AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 15: Figure 2. 940 Pin Μpga Socket Used For The Amd Opteron™ Processor

    Thermal Design Guide Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional view of the Socket 940, which is used for the AMD Opteron processor. As with the Socket 754, it has a 1.27 mm array pitch but has a 31x31 pin array with various pins removed from the package for keying and mechanical support.

  • Page 16: Motherboard Component Height Restrictions

    An overview of the motherboard component restrictions for the AMD Athlon 64 is shown in Figure 3. A complete detailed set of drawings is shown in Appendix A.3 on page 47. Thermal-solution designers must adhere to these geometric restrictions to be compatible with the motherboards designed for the AMD Athlon 64 processor.

  • Page 17: Figure 4. Motherboard Component Height Restrictions For The Amd Opteron Processor Thermal Solution

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 4. Motherboard Component Height Restrictions for the AMD Opteron™ Processor Thermal Solution Chapter 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements...

  • Page 18: Thermal Solution Design Requirements

    Table 2 provides the design-target specifications that must be met for the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron processors to operate reliably. Table 2. Thermal Solution Design Requirements for the AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™...

  • Page 19: Sample Heatsinks And Attachment Methods

    Table 3 lists the parts that comprise the thermal reference design solution 1 for the AMD Opteron and AMD Athlon 64 processors. The heatsink installers do not have to assemble each individual component. The heatsink suppliers package the parts with some of the components already assembled.

  • Page 20: Figure 5. Amd Athlon 64 And Amd Opteron Processors Thermal Reference Design

    26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 5. AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Reference Design Solution 1 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 21: Figure 6. Thermal Reference Design Solution 1 Components Assembled For Shipment

    AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 6. Thermal Reference Design Solution 1 Components Assembled for Shipment Figure 7. View of an Installed Heatsink Utilizing the Thermal Reference Design Solution 1 Chapter 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements...

  • Page 22: Thermal Reference Design Solution 2

    2.5.2 Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 Table 4 lists the parts used in the thermal reference design solution 2 for the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron processors. An exploded view of the components used for this thermal solution is shown in Figure 8 on page 23.

  • Page 23: Figure 8. Exploded View Of The Components Utilized In The Amd Athlon 64 And

    26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 8. Exploded View of the Components Utilized in the AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 Chapter 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements...

  • Page 24: Figure 9. Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 Components Configured For Shipment

    AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 9. Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 Components Configured for Shipment Figure 10. View of a Heatsink Installation Utilizing the Thermal Reference Design Solution 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 25: Thermal Solution Design Considerations

    The size of the square hole differs according to the type of processor. The AMD Athlon 64 processor version has a 20 mm square hole while the AMD Opteron processor version has a 26 mm square hole. Using a 26-mm hole on both AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron processors is being investigated, and the results will be included in an update of this document.

  • Page 26: Retention Frame

    AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide The reference spring clip material is the heat-treatable spring steel, SK7. AMD strongly recommends using SK7 or an equivalent material for the spring clip. The clip should be plated after heat treatment for cosmetic and anti-corrosive reasons. Table 5 gives the chemical composition of SK7.

  • Page 27: Figure 11. Example Of A Low-Cost Heatsink Using Aluminum Extrusion Technology

    An example of a low-cost heatsink utilizing extruded aluminum stock is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Example of a Low-Cost Heatsink Using Aluminum Extrusion Technology Chapter 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements...

  • Page 28: Figure 12. High Performance Heatsink With Copper Slug Embedded In The Base

    An example of a high performance heatsink using a high-density fin technology is shown in Section A.4 on page 64. Figure 12. High Performance Heatsink with Copper Slug Embedded in the Base AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 29: Figure 13. Required Exhaust Airflow Direction For Motherboard Voltage Regulator

    Thermal Design Guide 2.6.4.3 Required Exhaust Airflow Direction The current that a motherboard must supply to the AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron processors has increased during the development of these processors. The increase in current requires that air exhausting from the heatsink be directed across the motherboard processor voltage regulator.

  • Page 30: Fans

    Acoustic noise is a concern for both system builders and AMD. Systems with high levels of acoustic noise can generate customer complaints and can influence the acceptance of a product.

  • Page 31: Figure 14. Typical Temperature-Fan Speed Relation For Speed-Controlled Fan

    Figure 14 shows a typical fan speed curve. The actual fan speed can depend on the heatsink, but the speed versus temperature ramping should be implemented as shown in the figure. Figure 14. Typical Temperature-Fan Speed Relation for Speed-Controlled Fan Chapter 2 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements...

  • Page 32: Figure 15. Acoustic Noise From Sample Thermal Solutions With A 70X15 Mm Fan

    However, the thermal solutions did not meet required thermal performance levels below 3000 rpm. Figure 15. Acoustic Noise from Sample Thermal Solutions with a 70x15 mm Fan AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 33: Thermal Interface Material

    2.6.7 EMC Shield Because of the high clock frequencies of the AMD Opteron and AMD Athlon 64 processors, an EMC shield has been designed and incorporated into the thermal solution. This shielding is a component that may or may not be necessary for meeting regulatory agency requirements, depending on the system.
  • Page 34 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Requirements Chapter 2...

  • Page 35: Chapter 3 Conclusion

    Thermal Design Guide Chapter 3 Conclusion The AMD Opteron™ and AMD Athlon™ 64 processor thermal reference design solutions 1 and 2 have been presented in this document. These thermal solutions should provide the thermal engineer the design information to either implement the thermal reference design solutions...
  • Page 36 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Conclusion Chapter 3...

  • Page 37: A Appendix

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Appendix This section describes thermocouple instrumentation and the procedure for clip load testing. Thermocouple Instrumentation Thermocouples measure the three necessary temperatures that are used for a detailed thermal- performance analysis.

  • Page 38: Figure 17. Thermocouple Taped To Processor Lid

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide 2) Tape down the thermocouple such that the bead is centered on the package as indicated by the intersection of the diagonals. Be sure to have the thermocouple oriented to align it properly with the relief groove in the heatsink as shown in Figure 17.

  • Page 39: Figure 18. Thermocouple Attached To Processor With Strain Relief On Package And Pcb

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 18. Thermocouple Attached to Processor with Strain Relief on Package and PCB. Figure 19. Heatsink with Thermocouple Relief Groove Machined into Base...

  • Page 40: Heatsink Thermocouple Attachment

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide A.1.2 Heatsink Thermocouple Attachment 1) Drill a 1.5-mm diameter hole in the heatsink base as shown in Figure 20. Figure 20. Heatsink Thermocouple Relief Groove and Measurement Hole 2) Inject thermal grease, such as Dow Corning 340, into the hole with a needle.

  • Page 41: Procedure For Clip Load Testing

    Thermal Design Guide Procedure for Clip Load Testing This section provides the necessary information to measure the force applied by a heatsink clip to the AMD Athlon™ 64 processor. This force is known as the clip load. A.2.1 Equipment The following sections detail the equipment needed to measure the clip load.

  • Page 42: Figure 22. Load Cell Inserted Into The Load Cell Fixture

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 22. Load Cell Inserted into the Load Cell Fixture The load cell fixture should be machined from a stainless steel material. A drawing of the fixture is shown in Figure 23 on page 43.

  • Page 43: Figure 23. Drawing Of Load Cell Fixture For The Entran Elw-D1 Load Cell

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Figure 23. Drawing of Load Cell Fixture for the Entran ELW-D1 Load Cell Appendix A Appendix...
  • Page 44 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide A.2.1.3 Test Board Any printed circuit board made for use with the Socket 754 processor family should be able to accept clip load testing. Be sure the fixture does not interfere with any components that may be mounted to the PCB in the socket window.

  • Page 45: Figure 24. Test Board With A Load Cell Fixture Installed In The Socket 754

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide A.2.2 Procedure The following procedure details how to obtain the clip load using the load cell fixture assembly: 1. Set the voltage output on the voltage source to 15.00 V and connect the load cell as indicated by the manufacturer.

  • Page 46: Figure 25. Heatsink Installation Over The Load Cell Fixture

    Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide 6. Place the retention frame onto the board and align it with the backplate standoffs. 7. Place the heatsink on the load cell assembly.
  • Page 47 Height Restriction Drawings The ten drawing sheets in this section from page 48 through page 57 provide information for the motherboard component keep-out areas and height restrictions for the AMD Athlon 64 processor based on the 754-pin socket. The ten drawing sheets in this section from page 58 through page 67 provide information for the motherboard component keep-out areas and height restrictions for the AMD Opteron processor based on the 940-pin socket.
  • Page 48 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Appendix Appendix A...
  • Page 49 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Appendix A Appendix...
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  • Page 68 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Thermal Reference Design Solution Component Drawings Pages 69 through 82 contain drawings for the components of the thermal reference design solutions 1 and 2.
  • Page 69 Preliminary Information 26633 Rev. 3.03 September 2003 AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opteron™ Processors Thermal Design Guide Appendix A Appendix...
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