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Omicron Bode 100 User Manual

Multifunctional test & measurement instrument
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  • Page 1 Bode 100 User Manual...
  • Page 2 User Manual are not contractually binding. OMICRON electronics reserves the right to make changes at any time to the technology and/or configuration without announcement. OMICRON electronics is not to be held liable for statements and declarations given in this User Manual.
  • Page 3 2.2 Powering the Bode 100 ........
  • Page 4 Calibrating the Bode 100........
  • Page 5 12.1 Bode 100 Specifications ........135...
  • Page 6 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank...

  • Page 7: Using This Manual

    This User Manual provides detailed information on how to use all functions of the Bode 100 vector network analyzer properly and efficiently. The Bode 100 User Manual is intended for all users of the Bode 100, providing instructions on the operation, usage, and measurement procedures.
  • Page 8 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank...

  • Page 9: Introduction

    Its concept – universal hardware controlled by the Bode Analyzer Suite software running on a computer – makes the Bode 100 an efficient and flexible solution for a wide spectrum of applications including: •...

  • Page 10: Block Diagram

    Bode 100 User Manual 1.2 Block Diagram Figure 1-1: Block diagram...

  • Page 11: Connectors

    Introduction 1.3 Connectors Caution: To avoid damage of the Bode 100, check 12.3 "Absolute Maximum Ratings" on page 136 for maximum input signals at the CH 1 INPUT and CH 2 INPUT connectors and maximum reverse power at the OUTPUT connector.

  • Page 12: Standard Compliance

    Council from 1991-04-29 (91/263/EWG), the standard of the Council from 1992-04-28 (92/31/EWG), the standard of the Council from 1993-07-22 (93/68/EWG) 1.6 Test Compliance The Bode 100 passed the tests according to the EN/IEC 61010-1, IEC 61326.

  • Page 13: Delivery

    Test objects on a PCB: USB cable quartz filter, IF filter (m–m) BNC straight adapter (f–f) BNC T adapter (f–f–f) BNC short circuit (m) The delivered items may differ slightly from the picture. BNC 50 Ω load (m) Bode 100 User Manual...
  • Page 14 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank...

  • Page 15: Getting Started

    The Bode Analyzer Suite on the delivered CD-ROM controls the operation of the Bode 100. Install the Bode Analyzer Suite first, before you connect the Bode 100 to the computer. Put the Bode 100 CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive and follow the instructions on the screen. Select the 32-bit or 64-bit installation according to your computer’s hardware.

  • Page 16: How To Proceed

    Bode 100 User Manual 2.4 How to Proceed Now, you are ready to work with your Bode 100. You can proceed with Section 3 "Gain/Phase Mode" to make your first measurement with the Bode 100, and then go through the Bode 100 User Manual to learn the capabilities of your Bode 100 by doing practical examples.

  • Page 17: Gain/Phase Mode

    Gain/Phase Mode 3 Gain/Phase Mode Figure 3-1: Menu bar Gain/Phase mode Allows access to all Bode 100 functions. See Table 8-1: "Menus and commands" on page 96. window Toolbar Contains shortcuts to the most important Calibration toolbar Bode 100 functions.
  • Page 18 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 3-2: Configuration and measurement setup Set the output source generator frequency. Set the output source generator level. Select the channel 1 input attenuation. Select the channel 2 input attenuation. Select the receiver bandwidth. Hint: A higher receiver bandwidth allows faster measurements, a lower receiver bandwidth increases the measurement accuracy.
  • Page 19 Serial number of the Bode 100 Hint: If the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background, check whether the Bode 100 is powered and connected to your computer, and then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button...

  • Page 20: Basics

    Bode 100 User Manual 3.1 Basics The gain and phase of the DUT is calculated from the measurement data obtained using the reference channel 1 and the measurement channel 2. You can connect the signal source to the reference channel internally or externally as described in 3.2 "Choosing the Reference Connection"...

  • Page 21: Internal Reference Connection

    Gain/Phase Mode 3.1.1 Internal Reference Connection The basic formulas for the internal reference connection are summarized below. Note: In the internal reference connection mode of the Bode 100, the reference 2 ⁄ voltage for the gain/phase measurement is always Table 3-1:...

  • Page 22: Choosing The Reference Connection

    Bode 100 User Manual 3.2 Choosing the Reference Connection Open the Configuration window by clicking Device Configuration on the Configuration menu or the Device Configuration toolbar button (see 3.3 "Example: Gain/Phase Measurement" on page 24). By default, the Device Configuration tab is selected.
  • Page 23 Gain/Phase Mode To connect the reference externally: 1. Set the marked configuration field as shown in the following figure. Note: The source signal is externally connected to the channel 1 input behind the 50 Ω source resistor (channel 1 voltage as defined in 3.1 "Basics"...

  • Page 24: Example: Gain/Phase Measurement

    How to: • Measure the gain and phase of a DUT with sinusoidal signal at a frequency • Set the bandwidth, attenuators and amplitudes of the Bode 100 • Optimize the diagram • Compensate the connection cables in the Gain/Phase mode Question: What is the magnitude in dB of the delivered IF filter at 10.7 MHz?
  • Page 25 1. Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite. 2. Click the Gain/Phase toolbar button Hint: If you see the Bode 100 serial number in the status bar on the lower right side of the window then the Bode Analyzer Suite communicates with the Bode 100.
  • Page 26 Bode 100 User Manual 4. In the Configuration window, set: CH2: 50 Ω ON (click the switch as shown) • • SOURCE: 10.7 MHz • Receiver bandwidth: 10 Hz • ATTN 1 (channel 1 input attenuator): 20 dB • ATTN 2 (channel 2 input attenuator): 20 dB •...
  • Page 27 Gain/Phase Mode 5. Click the Connection Setup tab. The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100. Hint: Set the voltage ratio in the box if you use a probe instead of cable connection (see 9.2 "Advanced Sweep Options" on page 116).
  • Page 28 Bode 100 User Manual 7. Click to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Gain/Phase mode window. 8. For a better view of the Gain/Phase vector in the complex plane, right-click in the diagram, and then click Optimize.
  • Page 29 IF filter only, use the Gain/Phase calibration to compensate the phase shift of the cables. Continue the example and calibrate the Bode 100 to get the phase shift of the IF filter: 1. Replace the IF filter with the BNC straight adapter (f–f).
  • Page 30 Hint: If you change settings you must repeat the User Calibration. If you use the Probe Calibration instead you can change settings without repeating the calibration. For more information, see 7 "Calibrating the Bode 100" on page 75. Result: The transfer function of the IF filter has a magnitude of –31.49 dB and a phase shift of 61.8º...
  • Page 31 • Measure the gain and phase shift of a DUT using a sinusoidal signal at a certain frequency • Set the bandwidth, attenuators and amplitude of the Bode 100 • Optimize the diagram • Compensate the connection cables in the Gain/Phase mode Go back to the overview chart at 3 "Gain/Phase Mode"...
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  • Page 33: Impedance/Reflection Mode

    Impedance/Reflection Mode 4 Impedance/Reflection Mode Figure 4-1: For the description of the menu bar, Graphical display of measurement results Impedance/Reflection toolbar and calibration bar, see Use the shortcut menu to optimize the display. mode window 8 "Common Functions" on page 95. See Figure 3-4: "Graphical display of measurement results"...

  • Page 34: Basics

    Bode 100 User Manual Figure 4-2: Impedance/Reflection Select the output format Select the output format Select the output format mode results of the impedance of the admittance of the reflection measurement results. measurement results. measurement results. Display of the respective measurement results in the selected format.

  • Page 35: Equivalent Circuits

    Impedance/Reflection Mode Note: The reference resistance can be set in the Measurement area of the Impedance/Reflection mode window. 4.1.2 Equivalent Circuits The basic formulas for the serial equivalent circuit are: Real Z ( ) jImag Z ( ) (Eq. 4-6) Real Z ( ) (Eq.
  • Page 36 Bode 100 User Manual Depending on the regional settings of your computer the elements of the serial and parallel equivalent circuits are displayed according to the IEC (International Electronic Commission) or ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standards as shown below.

  • Page 37: Quality Factor

    ----- - 4.2 Example: Impedance/Reflection Measurement Expected example duration: 20 minutes. In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Impedance/Reflection mode of the Bode 100. How to: • Measure the reflection coefficient at a frequency •...
  • Page 38 To find out the answer, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite. Hint: If you see the serial number of your Bode 100 on the lower right side of the status bar then your Bode 100 is working properly.
  • Page 39 Impedance/Reflection Mode 4. Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to configure the Impedance/Reflection mode. 5. Set: • SOURCE: 10.7 MHz • Receiver bandwidth: 10 Hz • Level: 0 dBm...
  • Page 40 Consequently, the External Probe boxes are unavailable. 7. Connect the output of the Bode 100 to the input of the IF filter and the BNC 50 Ω load to the output of the IF filter as shown.
  • Page 41 Impedance/Reflection Mode 9. For a better view of the impedance, admittance and reflection vectors in the complex plane, right-click in the respective diagrams, and then click Optimize. 10.View the results. Result: The measured values of the IF filter at 10.7 MHz are: •...
  • Page 42 100% keep in mind that you are using real components with a factor on their own. For information on how to calibrate the Bode 100 in the Impedance/Reflection mode, see 7.4 "Calibration in the Impedance/Reflection Mode" on page 83. Congratulation! You learned how to use the Impedance/Reflection mode.

  • Page 43: Frequency Sweep Mode

    Frequency Sweep Mode 5 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5-1: Sweep settings Cursor settings Trace settings Frequency Sweep Set frequency sweep. Set cursors and view Define measurement format mode window See Figure 5-2: "Sweep measurement results. and display options. settings" on page 44. See Figure 5-3: "Cursor See Figure 5-4: "Trace settings"...
  • Page 44 Bode 100 User Manual In the Frequency Sweep mode you can perform a sequence of Gain/Phase and/or Impedance/Reflection measurements and examine the results in different types of diagrams. Figure 5-2: Sweep settings Set the frequency sweep start frequency. Set the frequency sweep stop frequency.
  • Page 45 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5-4: Trace settings Select the check box to activate trace 1. Set the color of trace 1. Click Gain, Reflection, Impedance or Admittance to select the respective trace 1 measurement. Display See "Data and Memory" on page 111.

  • Page 46: Example: Frequency Sweep Measurement

    Note: Diagram Setup is only available if both traces are activated. 5.1 Example: Frequency Sweep Measurement Expected example duration: 30 minutes. In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep mode of the Bode 100. How to: • Visualize measurement data in a graph •...
  • Page 47 To find out the answers, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite. Hint: If you see the Bode 100 serial number on the lower right side of the status bar then your Bode 100 is working properly.
  • Page 48 The Gain/Phase and Impedance/Reflection buttons in the Configuration window are just used to show the respective device configurations. The buttons have no impact on the measurements performed by the Bode 100 – you select the measurement in the Measurement lists in the Trace 1 and Trace 2 areas (see Figure 5-4: "Trace settings"...
  • Page 49 Frequency Sweep Mode 5. Click the Connection Setup tab. The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100. Hint: Use the box to set the voltage ratio when you use a probe instead of cable connection (see 9.4 "Using Probes" on page 125).
  • Page 50 Bode 100 User Manual 7. Click to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep mode window. 8. Set the sweep frequencies: • Start frequency: 11.98 MHz • Stop frequency: 12.04 MHz • Number of points: 401 The other settings will be automatically calculated and the Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep mode window should now look like below.
  • Page 51 Frequency Sweep Mode 10.Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below. 11.If you have a larger screen you can adjust your window size. Move the mouse to the lower right corner of the window . and drag the corner.
  • Page 52 Bode 100 User Manual Hint: In addition to resizing the window, you can click the split bar to hide the left and right panes to increase the size of the diagrams. In the upper graph you see the gain of the quartz filter. You can use the cursors to measure the series and parallel resonance frequencies.
  • Page 53 Frequency Sweep Mode 13.To find the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter, right-click the curve in the upper diagram, point to Cursor 1, and then click Jump to Max.
  • Page 54 Bode 100 User Manual 14.To find the parallel resonance frequency of the quartz filter, right-click the curve in the upper diagram, point to Cursor 2, and then click Jump to Min. In the marked area of the Frequency Sweep mode window, the series and parallel resonance frequencies and the corresponding measurement data are now displayed.
  • Page 55 Frequency Sweep Mode 15.To measure the group delay of the quartz filter at its series resonance frequency, select Tg in the Format list. The following figure shows the group delay measured by Trace 1 at the series resonance frequency marked by cursor 1. Result: The group delay T at the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter is 314.2 μs.
  • Page 56 To display only this chart, clear the Trace 1 check box to deactivate trace 1. Since the output of the DUT (quartz filter) is connected to the channel 2 input, the measured impedance is the quartz impedance plus the 50 Ω input impedance of the Bode 100.

  • Page 57: Impedance Calibration

    The reason why it is not is as follows: We have used a cable to connect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 and therefore we measure a phase shift of the reflected voltage (twice the shift of the cable itself). We can remove this unwanted phase shift by using the Impedance calibration.
  • Page 58 Bode 100 User Manual 2. Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100. Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable. 3. Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window.
  • Page 59 Frequency Sweep Mode 5. Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window. After the calibration has been finished, the field on the right displays Performed on green background. 6. Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Ω load. 7.
  • Page 60 Hint: The warning symbol indicates that the load resistor and/or the short delay time value differ from the factory settings. 10.Click . You have done the Impedance calibration in the Frequency Sweep mode. 11.Reconnect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 as shown below.
  • Page 61 Frequency Sweep Mode 12.View the calibrated Smith chart. 13.Calculation of the series resistance at the series resonance frequency: To calculate the series resistance of the quartz filter you need to subtract 50 Ω from the real part measured with cursor 1. The reason for this is that the reflection measurement circuit "sees"...
  • Page 62 Bode 100 User Manual Congratulation! You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep mode. How to: • Visualize measurement data in a graph • Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth • Set sweep parameters like start and stop frequencies •...

  • Page 63: Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode

    Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode 6 Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode Figure 6-1: Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode window Note: The window areas and screen elements in the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode are the same as in the Frequency Sweep mode. For their description, see Figure 5-1: "Frequency Sweep mode window"...
  • Page 64 Bode 100. By using an external coupler it is possible to utilize an external amplifier to boost the Bode 100 source signal to the required output level (see Figure 6-3: "Connecting external coupler and amplifier"...

  • Page 65: Example: Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Measurement

    • Display impedance in polar format • Remove the effect of noise Let’s examine the delivered IF filter when connected to the Bode 100 by a 50 Ω directional coupler. Questions: • What is the VSWR of the IF filter within its passband? •...
  • Page 66 Bode 100 User Manual 4. Set: CH1: 50 Ω ON • CH2: 50 Ω ON • Hint: To match the impedance of the directional coupler, the input resistances of the channel 1 and channel 2 are set to 50 Ω.
  • Page 67 Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode 5. Click the Connection Setup tab. The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT as well as the directional coupler to the Bode 100.
  • Page 68 Bode 100 User Manual 6. Connect the directional coupler to the Bode 100 as shown. 7. Click to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode window.
  • Page 69 Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode 8. Set the sweep frequencies: • Start frequency: 8.7 MHz • Stop frequency: 12.7 MHz • Number of points: 201 The other settings will be automatically calculated and the Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode window should now look like below.
  • Page 70 7.6 "Calibration in the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode" on page 91. 11.Connect the IF Filter to the Bode 100 and the 50 Ω load to the output of the IF filter as shown below. 12.Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below.
  • Page 71 Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode In the upper graph you see the reflection of the IF filter in VSWR format. Even outside its passband the VSWR of the filter is quite good – this indicates that the input impedance of the filter in the measured frequency range is very close to 50 Ω...
  • Page 72 Bode 100 User Manual Hint: The effect of noise on the measurement results can be reduced by narrowing the receiver bandwidth, by using less attenuation in the input channels and by increasing the signal level of the Bode 100 source output.
  • Page 73 Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode 13.Select the Cursor 1 check box to activate the cursor, and then set the cursor to the IF filter’s center frequency of 10.7 MHz by entering 10.7 MHz in the respective box of the cursor spreadsheet. Result: The VSWR of the IF filter at its center frequency is 1.012.
  • Page 74 Bode 100 User Manual Congratulation! You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode. How to: • Connect an external coupler • Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth • Calibrate and compensate the connection system •...

  • Page 75: Calibrating The Bode 100

    The Bode 100 can compensate effects of the measurement setup like cables and probes. Further on the overall accuracy may be improved by calibrating the Bode 100 (e.g. if the operating temperature is outside the range specified in 12.5 "Environmental Requirements" on page 137).

  • Page 76: User Calibration

    Bode 100. The User Calibration is performed directly at the exact measurement frequencies. In the Gain/Phase and Impedance/Reflection measurement modes, the Bode 100 is calibrated at the source frequency. In the Frequency Sweep modes, the calibration is performed at the exact frequencies specified by the measurement points.

  • Page 77: Hierarchy Of Calibration Methods

    7.2 Calibration in the Gain/Phase Mode (Internal Reference Connection) For calibrating the Bode 100 in the Gain/Phase mode you find a practical example in 3.3 "Example: Gain/Phase Measurement" on page 24. Note: The Probe Calibration is performed in the same way as the...
  • Page 78 (External Reference Connection – CH1) To compensate for the cable and connection setup effects in the Gain/Phase mode, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite. Select the Gain/Phase mode. 2. Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to open the Configuration window.
  • Page 79 Calibrating the Bode 100 3. Set: • External reference CH1 (Click the switch symbol CH1 and CH2: 50 Ω (Click the switch symbols.) • • SOURCE: 10.7 MHz • Receiver bandwidth: 10 Hz • ATTN 1: 20 dB • ATTN 2: 20 dB •...
  • Page 80 Bode 100 User Manual 4. Click the Connection Setup tab. The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100. 5. Connect the cables you want to use for the measurement as shown below. 6. Click to close the Configuration window.
  • Page 81 Calibrating the Bode 100 8. In the respective calibration window, click the Start button next to Thru to calibrate the Bode 100. Note: In the Gain/Phase mode, no Impedance calibration is possible. The Gain/Phase mode is now calibrated for the current specific measurement setup.
  • Page 82 Bode 100 User Manual 10.The calibration is done and you can replace the BNC straight adapter with your DUT as shown below.

  • Page 83: Calibration In The Impedance/Reflection Mode

    Impedance/Reflection mode. Without calibration the reference plane of the impedance measurements is at the BNC connector of the Bode 100 source output. Therefore if a DUT is connected through a cable, the measured impedance is the combination of the cable's impedance and the DUT's impedance.
  • Page 84 Bode 100 User Manual How to: • Eliminate the effect of the cable • Connect the cable in the open, short and load condition • Connect the DUT Questions: What is the real part of the impedance in Ω? •...
  • Page 85 6. Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100. Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable to have the same reference plane for calibration.
  • Page 86 8. Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable. Hint: If you use a short circuit other than the one delivered with your Bode 100 you can enter the short delay by clicking the + symbol next to Advanced and typing the short delay time.
  • Page 87 Calibrating the Bode 100 12.Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window. After the calibration has been finished, the field on the right displays Performed on green background. 13.After the calibration has been finished, the calibration window looks like shown below.
  • Page 88 15.Open the Configuration window by clicking the Device Configuration toolbar button to see how to connect your DUT to the Bode 100. 16.Connect the test object. Note: The IF filter is a two-port device. To ensure that the impedance of the filter is measured correctly, its output must be terminated.
  • Page 89 • The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is –35.1 dB. Your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different. Congratulation! You learned the calibration of the Bode 100 in the Impedance/Reflection mode. How to: •...

  • Page 90: Calibration In The Frequency Sweep Mode

    The calibration time for the User Calibration depends on the number of measurement points and the selected receiver bandwidth. The calibration time required for the Probe Calibration depends only on the selected receiver bandwidth. When working with the Bode 100 at frequencies below 10 Hz, the calibration can be quite long.

  • Page 91: Calibration In The Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode

    If your measurement frequency range is close to such nonlinearities, we recommend to use the User Calibration to remove the nonlinear effects. To calibrate the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode: 1. Click the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) toolbar button to switch to the Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode.
  • Page 92 Bode 100 User Manual 3. Plug the BNC straight adapter on the end of the cable. 4. Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window. After the calibration has been finished, the field on the right displays Performed on green background.
  • Page 93 Calibrating the Bode 100 8. Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Ω load. 9. For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Ω, enter the exact resistance of the load resistor in the respective box in the Advanced area of the calibration window.
  • Page 94 Bode 100 User Manual 11.After the calibration has been finished, the calibration window looks like shown below. Hint: A yellow warning symbol displayed close to Advanced indicates that the short delay and/or the load resistance entered in the Advanced area differ from the factory settings.

  • Page 95: Common Functions

    Common Functions 8 Common Functions In this section you can find the Bode Analyzer Suite basics. The section provides an overview of the toolbars, menus and commands common to all measurement modes. Further on, this section explains how to change the measurement range, how to export the data and how to store and load configuration files.
  • Page 96 Bode 100 User Manual Table 8-1: Menus and commands Menu Command Description Opens the NewBodeMeasurement.Bode file containing default settings. Opens a .Bode file containing Open saved settings and measurement data. Saves the device configuration, Save measurement settings, calibration and measurement...
  • Page 97 Description Enables you to configure the Device Configuration Bode 100. Shows the connection of the Configuration Connection Setup DUT to the Bode 100. Search and Reconnects the Bode 100 with Reconnect Device the computer. Starts the User Calibration User Calibration (see 7 "Calibrating the...

  • Page 98: Setting The Measurement Range

    Bode 100 manually. A saved file containing the Bode 100 settings has the .Bode extension. The file is stored in XML format and can be viewed with standard Web browsers or a...

  • Page 99: Exporting Measurement Data

    To continue with your measurement, click the Continuous Measurement toolbar button Hint: To ensure that the Bode 100 starts with the same configuration as in your last session, click Options on the Tools menu, click the Startup Configuration tab, and then select Settings from last session.
  • Page 100 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 8-5: Displayed CSV file data To adapt the .csv file to your requirements, you can choose between different decimal and value separators. To select the separators you want to use, click Options on the Tools menu, click the CSV Export tab, and then select the decimal and value separators.

  • Page 101: Advanced Functions

    Advanced Functions 9 Advanced Functions The Bode 100 provides additional features extending the Bode Analyzer Suite functionality described in sections 3 to 8 of this User Manual. This section describes these advanced functions which will make your daily measurement tasks with the Bode 100 even easier.
  • Page 102 Bode 100 User Manual Optimize The Optimize command allows you to optimize the diagram by scaling both axes so that you can see the complete measurement result in the highest possible resolution. Figure 9-2: Diagram with default settings Figure 9-3:...
  • Page 103 Advanced Functions Zoom Mode After clicking Zoom Mode, the pointer changes to a magnifying glass when you move it over the diagram. Press and hold the left mouse button to select the zoom area. After releasing the left mouse button, the diagram is rescaled to display the zoomed area.

  • Page 104: Frequency Sweep And Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode

    Bode 100 User Manual 9.1.2 Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) Mode The shortcut menu in the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) modes is shown below. To open the shortcut menu, right- click the diagram in the graphical display...
  • Page 105 Advanced Functions Zoom Mode By using the Zoom Mode command, you can select a zoom area for an in-depth display of a part of the diagram. The zoom function is a nice way to inspect particular parts of the measurement curve without having to change the measurement parameters.
  • Page 106 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9-7: Displaying the zoom area In the Zoom Mode, the measurement is still performed in the whole frequency sweep range (span); the zoom area applies only to the graphical display. (Compare the sweep settings in Figure 9-6: "Selecting the zoom area" and Figure 9-7: "Displaying the zoom area"...
  • Page 107 Advanced Functions Cursor 1, By using the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 commands, you can set the respective Cursor 2 cursor to the minimum and the maximum of a curve as follows: 1. Right-click a curve in the diagram. 2. Point to Cursor 1 or Cursor 2, and then click Jump to Max or Jump to Min to set the respective cursor to the maximum or the minimum of the curve.
  • Page 108 Bode 100 User Manual The following figure shows a zoom area of an measurement. Due to the low number of measurement points within the area, the displayed curve is not smooth. Figure 9-10: Measured curve with initial sweep settings...
  • Page 109 Advanced Functions By applying the Copy from Zoom function the frequency span is narrower, resulting in a higher resolution of the measured curve. Figure 9-11: Measured curve with sweep settings copied from the zoom area After using the Copy from Zoom function, the original sweep settings are lost. If used, the User Calibration is switched off, too.
  • Page 110 Bode 100 User Manual Special Zoom In the Zoom Mode, when moving the pointer over an axis the pointer becomes Function a double-headed arrow. Then click the left mouse button to zoom in and the right mouse button to zoom out respectively.
  • Page 111 Advanced Functions Data and Memory With the Bode 100 you can copy the current measurement data into the trace memory and display it. To store and display the measurement data: 1. Click the button to store the current measurement data into the trace memory.
  • Page 112 Bode 100 User Manual Example: Using the data and memory functions Example duration: 15 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the data and memory display function in the Frequency Sweep mode. How to: •...
  • Page 113 Advanced Functions 3. Click the button to store the measurement data. 4. In the Display list, select Memory. The stored data is displayed as a dashed line. 5. In the Display list, select Data & Memory, and then touch the housing of the quartz filter with your finger.
  • Page 114 Bode 100 User Manual Hint: Use the Zoom Mode function to get a better view. The figure below shows a zoomed diagram showing the effect of touching the quartz filter’s housing. Result: Touching the quartz housing shifts the parallel resonance frequency by 450 Hz.
  • Page 115 Advanced Functions 9. Optimize the Y-axis. The diagram now displays the difference between the actual measurement data and the stored data. If the curve is above the 0 dB line the current measured data is higher than the stored measurement data. If the curve is below the 0 dB line the currently measured data is lower than the stored measurement data.

  • Page 116: Advanced Sweep Options

    Measurement period fields The measurement period indicates the time the Bode 100 requires to perform measurement at one frequency point. By multiplying this value with the selected number of measurement points you can get an estimate of the expected sweep...
  • Page 117 Advanced Functions Example: Expected sweep time for 401 points and a measurement period of 3.06 ms sweep time = 3.06 ms • 401 frequency points = 1.2 s Some devices under test require a settling time when the input frequency has been changed (e.g.
  • Page 118 Number of Sometimes a very specific number of measurement points is required. With the Measurement Bode 100 you can set any number of measurement points in the range Points 10…16501. To set the number of measurement points, click in the Number of Points box, and then enter the number of points you wish to use for your measurement.
  • Page 119 Advanced Functions To get back a predefined number of measurement points, select the corresponding entry in the Number of Points list. Figure 9-18: Selecting a predefined number of measurement points...

  • Page 120: Level Shaping

    Bode 100 User Manual 9.3 Level Shaping By using the Shaped Level function available in the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) modes you can vary the Bode 100 output level within the frequency sweep range. Possible applications for this functionality include: •...
  • Page 121 The green indicators next to the Output Level column signal that the output level is within the Bode 100 output level range (–27 dBm…13 dBm). If an entered delta level results in an output level outside the Bode 100 range, the output level is limited accordingly.
  • Page 122 Hint: Based on the entered delta level the calculated output levels at 20 kHz and 180 kHz are outside the level range of the Bode 100. Therefore the values are limited to the maximum possible output level and the red indicators are...
  • Page 123 Advanced Functions You can shape very steep slopes by entering two delta levels at the same frequency. To select either the rising or falling edge, adjust the sequence of the delta levels: 1. Click in the respective frequency cell. 2. Right-click in the selected frequency cell, and then click Set as First or Set as Second.
  • Page 124 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9-24: Characteristic with changed slope The figure shows the output level frequency characteristic after clicking Set as First.

  • Page 125: Using Probes

    Advanced Functions 9.4 Using Probes With the Bode 100 you can use measurement probes for input channel 1 and input channel 2. Figure 9-25: Using a probe Using the probes is recommended in the following applications: • Measurements at points within the DUT circuitry not accessible with BNC cables •...
  • Page 126 Bode 100 User Manual When using a probe, consider the following instructions: 1. Always set the correct probe ratio in the Connection Setup tab of the Configuration window. You can choose between 1:1, 10:1 or 100:1. Figure 9-26: Setting the probe ratio...
  • Page 127 3. Ensure that your DUT is terminated correctly. Hint: When using a probe with a DUT which requires a 50 Ω termination, you can simply connect the BNC 50 Ω load delivered with your Bode 100 to the output of the DUT.
  • Page 128 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9-28: Touching the DUT’s input with the probe’s tip Hint: Ensure that the probe’s tip is in contact with the DUT’s input all the time until the calibration is finished. 7. After having calibrated the probe, start your measurement at any point of the DUT using the probe.

  • Page 129: Automation Interface

    Automation Interface 10 Automation Interface So far you have worked with the Bode 100 by using the graphical user interface (GUI) of the Bode Analyzer Suite. Beside this very comfortable user interface for laboratory use, the Bode 100 provides also an all-purpose application programming interface (API) for interfacing with the Bode 100.
  • Page 130 Automation Interface" on page 131 shows a typical code segment used to access functions of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface. In this example, a Bode 100 unit is searched for and, after a device has been found, measurement parameters are set.
  • Page 131 Automation Interface Figure 10-2: Example of code segment for accessing the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface For a complete description of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface, see the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Reference. To access it: 1. On the taskbar, click the Start button, and then point to Programs. 2.
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  • Page 133: Troubleshooting

    11.2 Lost Communication The loss of the power supply and other events can cause loss of communication between the Bode 100 and the computer. In this case, the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background.
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  • Page 135: Technical Data

    Technical Data 12 Technical Data 12.1 Bode 100 Specifications Table 12-1: Bode 100 specifications Characteristic Rating Frequency range 10 Hz…40 MHz or (selectable by the 1 Hz…40 MHz Bode Analyzer Suite) (extended frequency range) OUTPUT connector 50 Ω Output impedance...

  • Page 136: Power Requirements

    Bode 100 User Manual 12.2 Power Requirements Table 12-2: Power requirements Characteristic Rating AC power adapter Input voltage/frequency 100…240 V / 47…63 Hz DC power supply Output voltage/output power +10…24 V / 10 W Inner connector +10…24 V Outer connector...

  • Page 137: Computer Requirements

    Rating Dimensions (w × h × d) 26 × 5 × 26.5 cm / 10.25" × 2" × 10.5" Weight < 2 kg / 4.4 lbs Hint: You can find more technical data on the OMICRON Lab Web site www.omicron-lab.com.
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  • Page 139: Contact Information / Technical Support

    Contact Information / Technical Support Contact Information / Technical Support E-Mail: support@omicron-lab.com Web: www.omicron-lab.com or contact the following OMICRON electronics customer service centers: Europe, Africa, Middle East OMICRON electronics GmbH, Klaus, Austria Phone: +43 5523 507-333 Fax: +43 5523 507-999...
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  • Page 141: Index

    Index Index Impedance/Reflection mode ..39–40 connector CH 1 INPUT ..... . 11 CH 2 INPUT ..... . 11 DC power supply .
  • Page 142 ......139 OMICRON Lab address ....139 technical support .
  • Page 143 Index VSWR ....34, 42, 50, 65, 69, 73 window Frequency Sweep (External Coupler) mode ... . . 63 Frequency Sweep mode .
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