Megger PFL22M1500 Series User Manual
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Megger PFL22M1500 Series User Manual

Portable cable fault locator
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AVTMPFL22M
Rev 1
April 2011
User Guide
PFL22M1500
PFL22M1500INV
Megger Portable Cable Fault Locator
HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
Read this entire manual before operating.
M
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
U.S.A.
610-676-8500
www.megger.com

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  • Page 1 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011 User Guide PFL22M1500 PFL22M1500INV Megger Portable Cable Fault Locator HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT Read this entire manual before operating. Valley Forge Corporate Center 2621 Van Buren Avenue Norristown, PA 19403-2329 U.S.A. 610-676-8500 www.megger.com...
  • Page 3 PFL22M1500-XX PFL22M1500INV-XX (XX is used to indicate Language specific model) Megger Portable Cable Fault Locator...
  • Page 4 Copyright© 2011 by Megger. All rights reserved. The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the product. The products described herein should not be used for purposes other than as specified herein.
  • Page 5 WARRANTY Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option, defective equipment. Equipment returned for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured. Contact your local MEGGER representative for instructions and a return authorization (RA) number.
  • Page 6 Safety Voltages of greater than 50 V applied across dry unbroken human skin are capable of producing heart fibrillation if they produce electric currents in body tissues which happen to pass through the chest area.[citation needed] The electrocution danger is mostly determined by the low conductivity of dry human skin.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents   1 SPECIFICATIONS ..........................1   Supply .............................. 1   Input Voltage source ........................1   High Voltage ..........................1   Proof / Burn Output ........................1   Surge Impulse (Voltage Impulse) ....................2   Arc Reflection & Arc Reflection Plus ..................2  ...
  • Page 8 5 OPERATION OF THE PFL22M 23   Test Modes ........................... 23   Connections ..........................23   Switching on the Unit ......................... 24   Test Procedures ........................... 24   D.C. Dielectric withstand (Proof) Test ..................24   D.C. Dielectric Proof/Burn ....................... 25  ...
  • Page 9 Prior to operation, check for loosened hardware or damage incurred during transit. If these conditions are found, a safety hazard is likely, DO NOT attempt to operate equipment. Please contact Megger as soon as possible. Please check your delivery against: a) your order...
  • Page 10 STANDARD MANUAL CONVENTIONS This manual uses the following conventions: Bold indicates emphasis or a heading. NOTE: is used to set off important information from the rest of the text. A WARNING symbol alerts you to a hazard that may result in equipment damage, personal injury, or death. Carefully read the instructions provided and follow all safety precautions.

  • Page 11: Specifications

    SPECIFICATIONS Supply Input Voltage source  PFL22M1500-XX is fitted with automatic voltage switching and as such can be supplied from either, a) 108 to 135Volts or b) 208 to 265Volts supplies.  The PFL22M1500-XX, maximum power requirement is 1500 VA when used with AC input.

  • Page 12: Surge Impulse (Voltage Impulse)

    Surge Impulse (Voltage Impulse) Ranges Two (2) Impulse voltage 0 to 8kV 0 to 16kV Impulse Energy 1500joule @ 0 to 8kV 1500joule @ 0 to 16kV @ 100% of range Impulse Repetition Rate Single Shot 5 to 30seconds Arc Reflection & Arc Reflection Plus Voltage 0 to 16kV...

  • Page 13: Metering

    SPECIFICATIONS Pulse Width 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 500ns 1μs, 2 μs, 5 μs, 10 μs Pulse Amplitude 25V into 50 Ohms Sampling Rate 100Megasamples/sec Resolution (VP=55%) 0.82m / 2.7ft Timebase accuracy 200 ppm Output impedance 50 Ohms Gain Variable over 60dB in 5dB steps Display XGA 1024 x 768 26.5mm (10.4”) Storage...

  • Page 14: Dimensions & Weights

    Dimensions & Weights Height 965 mm / 38 inch Width 536 mm / 21inch Depth 503 mm / 20 inch Weight (Total) 131kgs / 290lbs Accessories Standard (supplied with instrument) 15m flexible, lightweight,40kV single 1001-123: High Voltage Cable core HV cable Safety Ground Cable 15m flexible ground cable with 19265-15:...

  • Page 15: Optional (Not Supplied As Standard)

    MPP2000 or MPP1001 Electromagnetic pinpoint receiver Cable Drums Megger have several cable drums and cable drum assemblies which need to be specified dependent on installation and possible combination with other instruments. Another consideration is where the equipment is installed into a vehicle or trailer the available payload must be taken into consideration.
  • Page 16 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 17: Getting To Know Your Plf22M

    GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M Top Panel Controls Safety 1. Status Bar: Indicates High visibility status bar Indicates Operating status of the HV On / HV Off PFL22. Ungrounded / HV On: Two outer segments glow Red indicating earth/ground off and HV active. Note: HV not active in TDR mode Grounded / HV Off: Single inner segment glows Green indicating Earths are on with no HV present.
  • Page 18 3. Zero Start Interlock When illuminated indicates that the voltage control knob LED (Yellow): Indicates is not at zero, Voltage control must be at zero before of voltage control not at commencing any voltage changes. Only active for dc zero operations.

  • Page 19: Metering

    GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M Metering 0 to 300mA analogue Mili-Amp meter. Indicates the Milliampmeter: charging current being applied (leakage current). 11. NOT USED 12. NOT USED 13. d.c. KiloVolt meter: 0 to 20 kV analogue kilovolt meter. Indicates applied voltage (or voltage preview) in Proof/Burn, Surge, Arc Reflection modes.

  • Page 20: Controls

    Controls 14. Surge Repetition Control Knob: Select either single shot or set the desired surge repetition rate. 15. Arc Reflection Mode Pushbutton To selected Arc Reflection mode depress the push (switch/indicator): button switch. Switch will illuminate when Arc Reflection mode selected and active. 16.
  • Page 21 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M 20. Voltage Range Switch: Two position rotary selector switch that switches between the proof/burn ranges of 10 & 20 kV and the surge voltage ranges of 8 & 16 kV. 21. Voltage Control Knob: Rotary Voltage control knob, controlling the applied voltage in Proof/Burn, Surge or Arc Reflection modes.

  • Page 22: External Connections

    External Connections External Battery connection The positive connection point when using the PFL22M Positive (+): from an external 12V supply. External Battery connection The negative connection point when using the PFL22M Negative (-): from an external 12V supply. Note: When external battery is used the only earth/ground is via the external Earth/Grounding connection (item 27) 25.

  • Page 23: External Connections

    GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PLF22M External Connections 28. Rain Flap Closed and secured during transportation to maintain Instrument IP rating. 29. HV Output Socket The PFL22M is supplied with a 5m detachable 40kV HV cable. Interlocks built into the receptacle inhibit the use of the unit unless the HV cable is securely fitted.

  • Page 24: Integrated Mtdr

    Integrated MTDR 32. MTDR Display Large 21cm (10.4”) LCD display. Displaying all parameters and the necessary information and traces to achieve rapid accurate fault location. 33. Pneumatic Lid Pneumatic support rams provide safe support whilst Rams: opening and closing the lid of the PFL22M. 34.

  • Page 25: Safety

    In the event of equipment malfunction, the unit should immediately be de- energized and returned to Megger for repair. This equipment generates High Voltages and high Current, which can be lethal. Operators must read and understand this entire User Guide prior to operating the equipment.
  • Page 26 Competent Person: means a person having:-  Adequate knowledge of electricity  Adequate experience of electrical work  An understanding of the system to be worked on and practical experience of that class of system  An understanding of the hazards which may arise during the work, and the precautions which need to be taken ...

  • Page 27: Safety In Using The Pfl

    An uncontrolled spark-over can create a safety hazard.  Megger recommends the use of appropriately rated rubber gloves when connecting and disconnecting to the High-Voltage terminals.  An Interlock circuit is provided (and its use is highly recommended) to enable the operator to safely control access to the complete high-voltage circuit.
  • Page 28 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 29: Preparing For Test

    PREPARING FOR TEST IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNINGS WARNING The surge return is isolated from chassis ground by a 2000ohm resistor. This limits current in the case of a failed concentric neutral. The surge return cannot be used as a substitute system ground. Failure to follow this procedure can result in serious injury or in the extreme, death of the operator and/or the destruction of the equipment.

  • Page 30: Site Preparation

    Site Preparation Choose a location that meets the following conditions:  The vehicle (if used) can be safely parked. Set the brakes or block the wheels.  The location is as dry as possible.  There is no flammable material stored in the vicinity. ...

  • Page 31: Incoming Supply Lead/Cord

    PREPARING FOR TEST Incoming Supply Lead/Cord The appropriate (Country specific) PFL22M1500 supplied supply lead/cord should be inserted into the receptacle at the rear of the instrument (under the protective rain flap) and connected to a suitable stable supply in the range of a) 108 to 135Volts or b) 210 to 265Volts.

  • Page 32: Switching On

    from possible “electrical shock”. This includes the cable terminations, point of connection and other areas of potential hazard. Switching On Once all connections have been made and a safety zone established the PFL22M1500 can be turned-on, by pulling out the emergency stop button which also acts as an on/off switch.

  • Page 33: Operation Of The Pfl22M

    OPERATION OF THE PFL22M Test Modes The PFL22M1500 system provides the User with the following testing and cable fault locating modes:  D.C. Dielectric Withstand (Proof)  D.C. Proof/Burn  Pulse Echo (Time Domain Reflectometer, TDR) Low Voltage Prelocation  Arc Reflection - High Voltage Prelocation ...

  • Page 34: Switching On The Unit

    Switching on the unit 1. Turn on the PFL22M1500 by pulling out the yellow Emergency Stop button (item 8) which also acts as an on/off switch. At turn-on all lamps will illuminate for a short period of time, during self test. Note: The Voltage and Mode selector switches are locked in position during transportation to help avoid miss-handling.

  • Page 35: D.c. Dielectric Proof/Burn

    OPERATION 6. Depress the Initiate button (item 22) and the selected test voltage will be applied to the cable under test. Whilst active the pushbutton will flash. The integrity of the cable under test can now be assessed by reviewing a) breakdown voltage and b) leakage current.

  • Page 36: Arc Reflection : High Voltage Prelocation

    Pulse Echo (Time Domain Reflectometer, TDR) : Low Voltage Prelocation The PFL22M1500 has an integrated T.D.R. 1. Set the rotary Voltage Control Knob (item 21) to the “Zero Start” position (item 9). NOTE: Range and function switch cannot be moved if a mode is active. 2.
  • Page 37 OPERATION 4. Depress the pushbutton of the desired mode, in this case Arc Reflection. Selection is confirmed by the pushbutton remaining illuminated and the other pushbutton extinguishing. 5. On the MTDR select the Arc Reflection method and a standard Pulse Echo measurement is made, with the trace being automatically stored in the internal memory.

  • Page 38: Impulse Current (Surge Impulse, I.c.e.) : High Voltage Prelocation

    Impulse Current (Surge Impulse, I.C.E.) : High Voltage Prelocation 1. Set the rotary Voltage Control Knob (item 21) to the “Zero Start” position (item 9). 2. Set the Voltage Range switch (item 20) to the desired “surge” range either 8 or 16kV.

  • Page 39: Surge Generation (Surge Impulse): High Voltage Pinpoint Location

    OPERATION Surge Generation (Surge Impulse): High Voltage pinpoint location 1. Set the rotary Voltage Control knob (item 21) to the “Zero Start” position item 9). 2. Set the Voltage Range switch (item 20) to the desired “surge” range either 8 or 16kV.
  • Page 40 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 41: Maintenance

    Megger Authorized Service Center route. In the event that Service is required, contact your Megger representative or local Megger Authorized Service Center for instructions, a product Return Authorization (RMA) number, and shipping instructions.
  • Page 42 11. How long had the unit been operating before it failed? 12. Local conditions: i.e. weather, temperature, humidity, dust, etc. 13. Contact details of operator, or who to contact to follow-up. AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 43: Addendum 1 Mtdr100 User Guide

    Addendum 1 MTDR100 User Guide AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...
  • Page 44 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 45: Getting To Know Your Mtdr100

    A1-1 Getting to know your MTDR100 (shown integrated into the PFL22M1500) 32. . MTDR Display Large 21cm (10.4”) LCD display. Displaying all parameters and the necessary information and traces to achieve rapid accurate fault location. 33. Pneumatic Lid Rams: Pneumatic support rams provide safe support whilst opening and closing the lid of the PFL22M 34.

  • Page 46: Mtdr100 Specification

    MTDR100 Specification Operation Single Jog-Dial Modes Pulse Echo, Direct, Comparison, Arc Reflection, Arc Reflection Plus (ARP), Differential Arc Reflection (DART) Impulse Current Ranges 10 ranges: 100m, to 55km / 328ft to 180,445ft Pulse Width 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 500ns 1μs, 2 μs, 5 μs, 10 μs Pulse Amplitude 25V into 50 Ohms Sampling Rate...

  • Page 47: Overview Of Methods Available On The Pfl22M1500

    MTDR USER GUIDE Overview of Methods available on the PFL22M1500 TDR / Pulse Reflection Reminder : TDR or Pulse Echo is a low voltage method of fault prelocation suitable for locating short and open circuits and other faults bellow about 300Ohm.

  • Page 48: Display

    Display The display of the MTDR100/300 is designed to be “user friendly”, whereby all operator selection is via a series of menus and drop-down sub-menus. Display: XGA 1024 x 768 (10.4” / 26.55mm) Status Bar Cable Type: Selected from cable library, or custom cable put in by operator Vp: Velocity factor, set by operator or by default setting in cable liabrary Pulse: Pulse width, either set automatically with range or set by operator Gain: Amplification applied to the trace...

  • Page 49: Operator Menu Bar

    MTDR USER GUIDE Operator Menu Bar Range: Ranges from 100m to 55km or 328ft to 180,446ft Pulse Width: Set from 50nS to 10ųS or Auto with range Gain: Set gain to be applied to trace Velocity: Set velocity factor of cable (library or custom) Test: Used to activate the TDR/Pulse Echo modes Arm: Arms transient recorder for Arc Reflection Plus, Current Impulse (Voltage Decay (not available on PFL22M1500)

  • Page 50: Single Button Operation

    Single Button Operation Rotary Jog-Dial (item 35) Operation of the MTDR100/300 is all undertaken via the rotary jog-dial. Selection of modes and setting of all user-defined parameters are easily undertaken with this single control. Selection of the required parameter or settings is obtained by rotating the jog- dial, though the available menus and sub-menus.

  • Page 51: Operation Of The Mtdr100/300

    MTDR USER GUIDE A1-2 OPERATION OF THE MTDR100/300 Enabling the MTDR (When Integrated with PFL system) On the PFL ensure the rotary Voltage Control knob (item 21) is set to the “Zero Start” (item 9) position. Unless using HV methods of Pre-location the Voltage Range switch (item 20) can be set to any range.
  • Page 52  You will then see the following sub-menu options.  Scroll up to Configuration and select by depressing jog-dial. You will then be presented with the following options:  Language: Allows the operator to select the operating language from those installed.
  • Page 53 MTDR USER GUIDE  Back: Takes the operator out of the preferences sub-menu, back to the configuration menu  From configuration scroll up and highlight Cable Types and select by depressing jog- dial. You will then be presented with the following options: ...
  • Page 54  Set Cursor Offset, allows the operator to “null out” the output cable. When “nulled” out the displayed trace will be from the start of the test piece, not including the length of the output cable. If used this will be set as a default until reset ! As this affects the default setting the following screen will be displayed asking for...
  • Page 55 MTDR USER GUIDE  Scroll to File” select by depressing jog-dial, you will then be presented with the following sub-menu options:  Save: Allows the operator to save current trace with its parameters to internal memory. If “new” selected operator will be presented with a virtual keyboard allowing entry of new name and other pertinent information.
  • Page 56 To select Mode (Method)  Scroll to “Mode” (also known as method), to configure the integrated MTDR100. Select the required mode by rotating the job-dial until “Mode” is highlighted. Then by depressing the jog-dial, you will then be presented with the following sub-menu options: ...
  • Page 57 MTDR USER GUIDE  Select Trace #: This is automatically selected after the required trace(s) have been selected. Once selected use “Back” to return to the main menu options.  Back: Takes the operator out the File sub- menus back to the “Traces ” tab ...
  • Page 58  View: to access the display viewing options. Select by depressing jog-dial. You will then be presented with the following sub-menu options:  Zoom: Allows the operator to zoom in to a particular section of the displayed trace. Zoom defaults to the right cursor position. ...
  • Page 59 MTDR USER GUIDE  “Range”. Select by depressing jog-dial, where the TDR ranges can be selected Allows the operator to set the MTDR to the desired range from 100m to 55km (fixed ranges). It is recommended that a higher range than the anticipated length of the cable is used.
  • Page 60  Scroll to “Test”, select by depressing jog- dial. When activated turns the MTDR into real- time pulse echo mode, with continual sampling.  Scroll to “ARM, select by depressing jog- dial. Required in:- Arc Reflection ; Surge Impulse ; Voltage Decay modes to arm or initiate the transient memory required for these methods.

  • Page 61: Addendum 2

    Addendum 2 PFL22M1500INV-XX (PFL22M1500INV Inverter Option only) AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...
  • Page 62 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 63: Specification

    This section applies to PFL22M1500’s fitted with optional Inverter Only Caution The installed inverter “must only be connected” to a battery that has a nominal output of 12V, it will not operate if connected to a 6V battery and will be damaged if connected to a 24V battery Specification DC Input...

  • Page 64: Protection

    Protection The Inverter is equipped with the following protection features: GFCI Protection: De-energizes the AC circuits and thereby protects the user and equipment if a ground fault occurs. The Ground Fault Interrupter (GFCI) protects against hazardous electrical shocks that could be caused by dampness, faulty mechanism worn insulation and similar phenomena.
  • Page 65 In the event of any of the protection circuits operating use the following procedures: 1. Remove batteries cables from the batteries, short together and then re- connect the PFL to the batteries. In the event this does not work, it is highly likely that the GFCI protection has tripped 2.

  • Page 66: Operation

    Operation CAUTION A reverse polarity connection (positive to negative) will blow a fuse in the inverter and may permanently damage the unit. Damage caused by a revers polarity connection is not covered by warranty. Determine Battery Capacity Battery type and size affects the performance of the inverter and PFL. We recommend that for optimum power as much battery capacity as possible is used.
  • Page 67 1. Connect the cable from the positive terminal on the PFL to positive terminal of the battery. Make a secure connection, loose connectors cause excessive voltage drop, may cause overheated wires and melted insulation. 2. Attached the cable from the negative terminal on the PFL to the negative terminal of the battery.
  • Page 68 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 69: Addendum 3

    Addendum 3 Cable Fault Location Applications Guide AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...
  • Page 70 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

  • Page 71: Typical Fault Locating Strategy

    The most important aspect of locating a cable fault is the development of a strategy that will allow the fault location to be safely and positively identified. This is achieved by following the Megger “Logical Approach to Fault Location” See previous flowchart.
  • Page 72 voltage as defined by the breakdown voltage noted during the previous step. Increase the test voltage slowly, noting that the longer the cable , the greater the cable capacitance, hence the Arc Reflection breakdown voltage can be higher than the breakdown voltage. If the fault appears to be unstable, try increasing the discharge voltage slightly.

  • Page 73: Overview Of Fault Prelocation Methods

    Overview of Fault Prelocation Methods Description of TDR or Pulse Echo techniques TDR also know as Pulse Echo or radar methods of fault location use low- voltage pulses to locate changes in impedance along the length of the cable. From these low-voltage pulses, a small amount of energy is reflected back to the TDR from a change of impedance and is displayed on the MTDR screen, as either a positive going or negative going pulse, depending on the impedance characteristic (negative pulse for low impedance to shield faults and positive...

  • Page 74: Description Of Arc Reflection

    Description of Arc Reflection The Arc Reflection method uses standard pulse echo techniques to prelocate high resistance faults, which are not identifiable using pulse echo. In Arc Reflection we use an Impulse Generator, Arc Reflection Filter and the MTDR100. The operator takes a standard pulse echo trace which is automatically saved as a reference file.

  • Page 75: Description Of Impulse Current

    Description of Impulse Current Impulse current also known as ICE is probably one of the oldest methods of fault Prelocation using “transient analysis”. This method allows the prelocation of high resistance and flashing faults. In Impulse Current we use an Impulse Generator, Inductive Coupler (C.T.) and the MTDR100 which acts like a transient recorder.

  • Page 76: Description Of Voltage Decay

    Description of Voltage Decay Voltage Decay is probably only used around 8% of the time, but it is especially useful when a fault breaks down and then reseals itself. This can be termed a “flashing or pecking” fault. Voltage decay can also be used where the voltage required to breakdown the fault cannot be achieved with the surge generator.

  • Page 77: Avtmpfl22M Rev 1 April

    Megger Quality System Certificate AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...
  • Page 78 AVTMPFL22M Rev 1 April 2011...

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Pfl22m1500inv series

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