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Vantage CNM 2.0 User's Guide
11.1.10 IPSec and NAT
This section applies to computers running IPSec behind the ZyXEL device.
NAT is incompatible with the AH protocol in both Transport and Tunnel mode. An IPSec
VPN using the AH protocol digitally signs the outbound packet, both data payload and
headers, with a hash value appended to the packet. When using AH protocol, packet contents
(the data payload) are not encrypted.
A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination
address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the
integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash
value appended to the received packet doesn't match. The VPN device at the receiving end
doesn't know about the NAT in the middle, so it assumes that the data has been maliciously
altered.
IPSec using ESP in Tunnel mode encapsulates the entire original packet (including headers)
in a new IP packet. The new IP packet's source address is the outbound address of the sending
VPN gateway, and its destination address is the inbound address of the VPN device at the
receiving end. When using ESP protocol with authentication, the packet contents (in this case,
the entire original packet) are encrypted. The encrypted contents, but not the new headers, are
signed with a hash value appended to the packet.
Tunnel mode ESP with authentication is compatible with NAT because integrity checks are
performed over the combination of the "original header plus original payload," which is
unchanged by a NAT device. Transport mode ESP with authentication is not compatible with
NAT, although NAT traversal provides a way to use Transport mode ESP when there is a
NAT router between the IPSec endpoints.
Table 53 VPN and NAT
SECURITY PROTOCOL
AH
AH
ESP
ESP
11.1.11 Keep Alive
When you initiate an IPSec tunnel with keep alive enabled, the ZyXEL device automatically
renegotiates the tunnel when the IPSec SA lifetime period expires. In effect, the IPSec tunnel
becomes an always on connection after you initiate it. Both IPSec routers must have a ZyXEL
device-compatible keep alive feature enabled in order for this feature to work.
151
MODE
Transport
Tunnel
Transport
Tunnel
Chapter 11 Configuration > VPN
NAT
No
No
No
Yes
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