Waters 2998 Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for Waters 2998. We have 2 Waters 2998 manuals available for free PDF download: Operator's Manual, Overview And Maintenance Manual

Waters 2998 Operator's Manual (122 pages)

Photodiode Array Detector

Brand: Waters | Category: Security Sensors | Size: 1.16 MB

Copyright Notice
2
Trademarks
2
Customer Comments
3
Safety Considerations
3
Safety Advisories
4
Operating this Instrument
4
Audience and Purpose
4
Intended Use of the 2998 Photodiode Array Detector
5
Calibrating
5
ISM Classification
5
ISM Classification: ISM Group 1 Class B
5
EC Authorized Representative
6
Table of Contents
7
2998 PDA Detector Optics Principles
13
Detector Optics
14
Calculating Absorbance
15
Flow Cell Operating Principles
16
Resolving Spectral Data
17
Measuring Light at the Photodiode Array
18
Optimizing the Signal-To-Noise Ratio
19
Optimizing Filter Constants
19
Selecting the Appropriate Sampling Rate
19
Computing Absorbance Data Points
21
Dark Current
21
Reference Spectrum
21
Data Averaging
21
Filtering Data
24
Reference Wavelength Compensation
25
Setting up the Detector
27
Before You Begin
28
Unpacking and Inspecting
28
Laboratory Site Selection
29
Detector Dimensions
30
Connecting to the Electricity Source
30
Making Signal Connections
31
Connecting the Ethernet Cable
32
Network Installation Guidelines
33
Connecting to Other Instruments
34
Plumbing the Detector
42
Making the Gas Supply Connection
44
Starting up and Shutting down the Detector
44
Starting up the Detector
45
Monitoring Detector Leds
46
Shutting down the Detector
47
Using a Cuvette
47
Maintaining the Detector
52
Contacting Waters Technical Service
52
Maintenance Considerations
52
Safety and Handling
52
Spare Parts
53
Routine Maintenance
53
Maintaining the Flow Cell
54
Flushing the Flow Cell
54
Replacing the Flow Cell
55
Replacing the Lamp
57
Replacing the Fuses
60
Diagnostic Tests and Troubleshooting
64
Diagnostic Tests
64
Verifying Detector Calibration
64
Reading Lamp Energy
65
Performing the Erbium Calibration
65
Reading the Calibration Constants
66
Displaying PDA Detector Rear Panel Interface Connections
66
Changing the Rear Panel Interface Connections
67
General Troubleshooting
68
Power Surges
68
Clearing Bubbles from the Flow Cell
69
Detector Troubleshooting
69
Spectral Contrast Theory
74
Comparing Absorbance Spectra
74
Representing Spectra as Vectors
74
Vectors Derived from Two Wavelengths
75
Vectors Derived from Multiple Wavelengths
76
Spectral Contrast Angles
76
Undesirable Effects
79
Detector Noise
80
Photometric Error
80
Solvent Changes
80
Threshold Angle
80
A Safety Advisories
84
Warning Symbols
84
Task-Specific Hazard Warnings
84
Specific Warnings
85
Caution Symbol
87
Warnings that Apply to All Waters Instruments
88
Electrical and Handling Symbols
94
Electrical Symbols
94
Handling Symbols
95
B Specifications
97
C Solvent Considerations
101
Introduction
102
Clean Solvents
102
Solvent Quality
102
Preparation Checklist
102
Water
102
Using Buffers
102
Tetrahydrofuran
103
Solvent Miscibility
105
How to Use Miscibility Numbers
105
Buffered Solvents
106
Head Height
106
Minimum Tubing Bend Radius Recommendations
106
Solvent Viscosity
107
Mobile Phase Solvent Degassing
107
Gas Solubility
107
Solvent Degassing Methods
108
Sparging
109
Vacuum Degassing
109
Solvent Degassing Considerations
109
Wavelength Selection
110
UV Cutoffs for Common Solvents
110
Mixed Mobile Phases
112

Waters 2998 Overview And Maintenance Manual (94 pages)

Photodiode Array Detector

Brand: Waters | Category: Security Sensors | Size: 1.79 MB

Trademarks
3
Customer Comments
3
Contacting Waters
4
Safety Considerations
4
2998 PDA Detector Optics Principles

15
- Detector Optics
  15
  - Calculating Absorbance
    16
- Flow Cell Operating Principles
  17
- Resolving Spectral Data
  18
- Measuring Light at the Photodiode Array
  18
- Computing Absorbance Data Points
  22
  - Dark Current
    23
  - Reference Spectrum
    23
  - Data Averaging
    23
  - Reference Wavelength Compensation
    25
2 Setting up the Detector

27
- Before You Begin
  27
- Unpacking and Inspecting
  27
- Selecting a Laboratory Site
  28
- Stacking System Modules
  28
- Connecting to the Electricity Source
  29
- Connecting Signal Cables
  30
- Plumbing the 2998 PDA Detector
  38
  - Connecting the Detector to the Gas Supply
    39
- Starting up and Shutting down the 2998 PDA Detector
  40
  - Starting the Detector
    40
  - Monitoring Leds
    41
  - Shutting down the Detector
    41
- Using a Cuvette
  41
  - Before You Begin
    42
  - Cuvette Measurement Procedure
    42
3 Maintaining the Detector

45
- Contacting Waters Technical Service
  45
- Maintenance Considerations
  45
  - Safety and Handling
    45
  - Spare Parts
    46
- Routine Maintenance
  46
- Maintaining the Flow Cell
  46
  - Flushing the Flow Cell
    47
  - Replacing the Flow Cell
    47
- Replacing the Lamp
  49
- Replacing the Fuses
  51
4 Diagnostic Tests and Troubleshooting

53
- Diagnostic Tests
  53
- General Troubleshooting
  56
  - Troubleshooting Lamps
    56
  - Power Surges
    56
  - Clearing Bubbles from the Flow Cell
    57
  - Detector Troubleshooting
    58
5 Spectral Contrast Theory

61
- Comparing Absorbance Spectra
  61
- Representing Spectra as Vectors
  62
  - Vectors Derived from Two Wavelengths
    62
  - Vectors Derived from Multiple Wavelengths
    63
- Spectral Contrast Angles
  63
  - Spectra with Different Shapes
    63
  - Differences between Spectra of the same Compound
    65
- Undesirable Effects
  65
  - Detector Noise
    66
  - Photometric Error
    66
  - Solvent Changes
    66
  - Threshold Angle
    67
A Safety Advisories

69
- Warning Symbols
  69
  - Specific Warnings
    70
- Notices
  71
- Bottles Prohibited Symbol
  71
- Required Protection
  71
- Warnings that Apply to All Waters Instruments and Devices
  72
- Warnings that Address the Replacing of Fuses
  75
- Electrical and Handling Symbols
  76
  - Electrical Symbols
    76
  - Handling Symbols
    77
B Specifications

79
- Physical Specifications
  79
- Environmental Specifications
  79
- Electrical Specifications
  79
- Performance Specifications
  80
- Optical Component Specifications
  81
- Flow Cell Specifications
  82
C Solvent Considerations

83
- Introduction
  83
  - Clean Solvents
    83
  - Solvent Quality
    83
  - Preparation Checklist
    83
  - Water
    83
  - Use Buffers
    84
  - Tetrahydrofuran
    84
- Solvent Miscibility
  84
  - How to Use Miscibility Numbers
    85
- Buffered Solvents
  86
- Head Height
  86
- Minimum Bend Radius for Tubing
  86
- Solvent Viscosity
  87
- Mobile Phase Solvent Degassing
  87
  - Gas Solubility
    87
- Solvent Degassing Methods
  88
  - Sparging
    88
  - Vacuum Degassing
    88
  - Solvent Degassing Considerations
    89
- Wavelength Selection
  89
  - UV Cutoffs for Common Solvents
    89
  - Mixed Mobile Phases
    90

Waters Categories

Laboratory Equipment Security Sensors Control Unit Measuring Instruments Water Pump

More Waters Manuals

Waters 2998 Manuals

Waters 2998 Operator's Manual (122 pages)

Table of Contents

Waters 2998 Overview And Maintenance Manual (94 pages)

Table of Contents

2998 PDA Detector Optics Principles

2 Setting up the Detector

3 Maintaining the Detector

4 Diagnostic Tests and Troubleshooting

5 Spectral Contrast Theory

A Safety Advisories

B Specifications

C Solvent Considerations

Related Products

Waters Categories