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ENTERPRISE LINUX 4.5.0 -
Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 4.5.0 - Manuals
Manuals and User Guides for Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 4.5.0 -. We have
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Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 4.5.0 - manual available for free PDF download: Reference Manual
Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 4.5.0 - Reference Manual (434 pages)
Brand:
Red Hat
| Category:
Software
| Size: 1.61 MB
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
5
Introduction
17
Changes to this Manual
17
Finding Appropriate Documentation
18
Documentation for First-Time Linux Users
18
For the more Experienced
20
Documentation for Linux Gurus
20
Document Conventions
21
More to Come
22
We Need Feedback
23
System Reference
25
Boot Process, Init, and Shutdown
27
The Boot Process
27
A Detailed Look at the Boot Process
27
The BIOS
27
The Boot Loader
28
The Kernel
29
The /Sbin/Init Program
30
Running Additional Programs at Boot Time
32
Sysv Init Runlevels
33
Runlevels
33
Runlevel Utilities
34
Shutting down
35
The GRUB Boot Loader
37
Boot Loaders and System Architecture
37
Grub
37
GRUB and the X86 Boot Process
37
Features of GRUB
38
Installing GRUB
39
GRUB Terminology
39
Device Names
40
File Names and Blocklists
41
The Root File System and GRUB
41
GRUB Interfaces
42
Interfaces Load Order
43
GRUB Commands
43
GRUB Menu Configuration File
45
Configuration File Structure
45
Configuration File Directives
46
Changing Runlevels at Boot Time
47
Additional Resources
47
Installed Documentation
48
Related Books
48
Useful Websites
48
File System Structure
49
Why Share a Common Structure
49
Overview of File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
49
FHS Organization
49
Special File Locations under Red hat Enterprise Linux
54
The Sysconfig Directory
55
Etc/Sysconfig/Amd
57
Etc/Sysconfig/Apmd
57
Etc/Sysconfig/Arpwatch
57
Etc/Sysconfig/Authconfig
57
Etc/Sysconfig/Autofs
57
Etc/Sysconfig/Clock
58
Etc/Sysconfig/Desktop
59
Etc/Sysconfig/Devlabel
59
Etc/Sysconfig/Dhcpd
59
Etc/Sysconfig/Exim
60
Etc/Sysconfig/Firstboot
60
Etc/Sysconfig/Gpm
60
Etc/Sysconfig/Harddisks
60
Etc/Sysconfig/Hwconf
61
Etc/Sysconfig/I18N
61
Etc/Sysconfig/Init
61
Etc/Sysconfig/Keyboard
64
Etc/Sysconfig/Kudzu
64
Etc/Sysconfig/Mouse
64
Etc/Sysconfig/Named
65
Etc/Sysconfig/Netdump
66
Etc/Sysconfig/Network
66
Etc/Sysconfig/Ntpd
66
Etc/Sysconfig/Pcmcia
67
Etc/Sysconfig/Radvd
67
Etc/Sysconfig/Rawdevices
67
Etc/Sysconfig/Samba
67
Etc/Sysconfig/Selinux
68
Etc/Sysconfig/Sendmail
68
Etc/Sysconfig/Spamassassin
68
Etc/Sysconfig/Squid
68
Additional Resources
71
Installed Documentation
71
The Proc File System
73
A Virtual File System
73
Viewing Virtual Files
73
Changing Virtual Files
74
Proc/Apm
75
Proc/Buddyinfo
75
Proc/Cmdline
76
Proc/Cpuinfo
76
Proc/Crypto
77
Proc/Devices
77
Proc/Dma
78
Proc/Execdomains
78
Proc/Fb
78
Proc/Filesystems
78
Proc/Interrupts
79
Proc/Iomem
79
Proc/Ioports
80
Proc/Kcore
80
Proc/Kmsg
81
Proc/Loadavg
81
Proc/Locks
81
Proc/Mdstat
81
Proc/Meminfo
82
Proc/Misc
84
Proc/Modules
84
Proc/Mounts
84
Proc/Mtrr
85
Proc/Partitions
85
Proc/Pci
86
Proc/Slabinfo
86
Proc/Stat
88
Proc/Swaps
88
Proc/Sysrq-Trigger
89
Proc/Version
89
Process Directories
89
Proc/Bus
91
Proc/Driver
92
Proc/Fs
92
Proc/Ide
93
Proc/Irq
94
Proc/Net
94
Proc/Scsi
95
Proc/Sys
97
Proc/Sysvipc
109
Proc/Tty
109
Using the Command
110
Additional Resources
111
Installed Documentation
111
Useful Websites
111
Users and Groups
113
User and Group Management Tools
113
Standard Users
114
Standard Groups
115
User Private Groups
117
Group Directories
118
Shadow Passwords
119
Additional Resources
119
Installed Documentation
119
Related Books
120
The X Window System
123
The X11R6.8 Release
123
Desktop Environments and Window Managers
124
Desktop Environments
124
Window Managers
125
Server Configuration Files
125
Xorg.conf
126
Fonts
132
Fontconfig
133
Core X Font System
134
Runlevels and X
136
Runlevel 3
136
Runlevel 5
137
Additional Resources
138
Installed Documentation
138
Useful Websites
138
Related Books
139
Network Services Reference
141
Network Interfaces
143
Network Configuration Files
143
Interface Configuration Files
144
Ethernet Interfaces
144
Ipsec Interfaces
146
Channel Bonding Interfaces
148
Alias and Clone Files
149
Dialup Interfaces
150
Other Interfaces
151
Interface Control Scripts
152
Network Function Files
153
Additional Resources
154
Installed Documentation
154
Network File System (NFS)
155
How It Works
155
Required Services
156
NFS and
157
Starting and Stopping NFS
158
NFS Server Configuration
159
The /Etc/Exports Configuration File
159
The Command
162
NFS Client Configuration Files
163
Autofs
164
Etc/Fstab
164
Common NFS Mount Options
166
Securing NFS
167
Host Access
167
File Permissions
169
Additional Resources
169
Installed Documentation
169
Related Books
170
Useful Websites
170
Apache HTTP Server
171
Apache HTTP Server 2.0
171
Features of Apache HTTP Server 2.0
171
File System Changes in Apache HTTP Server 2.0
172
Packaging Changes in Apache HTTP Server 2.0
172
Migrating Apache HTTP Server 1.3 Configuration Files
173
Global Environment Configuration
174
Main Server Configuration
177
Modules and Apache HTTP Server 2.0
179
Virtual Host Configuration
179
After Installation
185
Starting and Stopping
186
Configuration Directives in
187
General Configuration Tips
187
Keepalive
188
Maxkeepaliverequests
188
Pidfile
188
Serverroot
188
Timeout
188
Ifmodule
189
Keepalivetimeout
189
MPM Specific Server-Pool Directives
189
Listen
190
Extendedstatus
191
Ifdefine
191
Include
191
Loadmodule
191
Suexecusergroup
191
User
192
Group
192
Serveradmin
192
Servername
192
Usecanonicalname
193
Documentroot
193
Directory
193
Options
194
Allowoverride
194
Order
195
Allow
195
Deny
195
Userdir
195
Directoryindex
195
Accessfilename
196
Cachenegotiateddocs
196
Typesconfig
196
Defaulttype
196
Hostnamelookups
196
Errorlog
197
Loglevel
197
Logformat
197
Customlog
198
Serversignature
198
Alias
198
Scriptalias
198
Redirect
198
Indexoptions
199
Addiconbyencoding
199
Addiconbytype
199
Addicon
199
Defaulticon
200
Adddescription
200
Readmename
200
Headername
200
Indexignore
200
Addencoding
200
Addlanguage
200
Languagepriority
200
Addtype
201
Addhandler
201
Action
201
Errordocument
201
Browsermatch
201
Location
202
Proxyrequests
202
Proxy
202
Cache Directives
202
Namevirtualhost
203
Virtualhost
203
Configuration Directives for SSL
204
Default Modules
204
Adding Modules
205
Virtual Hosts
206
Setting up Virtual Hosts
206
The Secure Web Server Virtual Host
207
Additional Resources
207
Related Books
208
Useful Websites
208
Email
209
Email Protocols
209
Mail Transport Protocols
209
Mail Access Protocols
210
Email Program Classifications
212
Mail Delivery Agent
212
Mail Transfer Agent
212
Mail User Agent
213
Mail Transport Agents
213
Sendmail
213
Postfix
218
Fetchmail
220
Mail Delivery Agents
224
Procmail Configuration
225
Procmail Recipes
226
Mail User Agents
231
Securing Communication
232
Additional Resources
234
Installed Documentation
234
Related Books
235
Useful Websites
235
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
237
Introduction to DNS
237
Nameserver Zones
237
BIND as a Nameserver
238
Nameserver Types
238
Etc/Named.conf
239
Common Statement Types
239
Other Statement Types
244
Comment Tags
246
Zone Files
246
Zone File Directives
246
Zone File Resource Records
247
Example Zone File
250
Reverse Name Resolution Zone Files
250
Using Rndc
251
Configuring
251
Configuring
252
Command Line Options
253
Advanced Features of BIND
254
DNS Protocol Enhancements
254
Multiple Views
254
IP Version 6
255
Security
255
Common Mistakes to Avoid
255
Additional Resources
256
Installed Documentation
256
Related Books
257
Useful Websites
257
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
259
Why Use LDAP
259
Openldap Features
260
LDAP Terminology
260
Openldap Daemons and Utilities
261
NSS, PAM, and LDAP
263
PHP4, LDAP, and the Apache HTTP Server
263
LDAP Client Applications
264
Openldap Configuration Files
264
The /Etc/Openldap/Schema/Directory
265
Openldap Setup Overview
266
Editing
266
Configuring a System to Authenticate Using Openldap
268
Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format
269
PAM and LDAP
269
Migrating Directories from Earlier Releases
270
Additional Resources
270
Installed Documentation
270
Useful Websites
271
Related Books
272
Samba
273
Introduction to Samba
273
Samba Features
273
Samba Daemons and Related Services
274
Daemon Overview
274
Starting and Stopping Samba
274
Samba Server Types and the Smb.conf File
276
Stand-Alone Server
276
Domain Member Server
278
Domain Controller
280
Samba Security Modes
285
Share-Level Security
285
User-Level Security
285
Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)
286
Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)
286
Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)
286
Samba Account Information Databases
287
Backward Compatible Backends
287
New Backends
288
Samba Network Browsing
288
Workgroup Browsing
289
Domain Browsing
290
WINS (Windows Internetworking Name Server)
290
Samba with CUPS Printing Support
291
Simple Settings
291
Samba Distribution Programs
292
Findsmb
292
Make_Smbcodepage
292
Make_Unicodemap
293
Net
293
Nmblookup
294
Pdbedit
294
Rpcclient
295
Smbcacls
295
Smbclient
295
Smbcontrol
295
Smbgroupedit
296
Smbmount
296
Smbpasswd
296
Smbspool
296
Smbstatus
296
Smbtar
296
Testparm
297
Testprns
298
Wbinfo
298
Additional Resources
298
Installed Documentation
298
Red hat Documentation
298
Related Books
298
Useful Websites
299
Ftp
301
The File Transport Protocol
301
Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes
301
FTP Servers
302
Vsftpd
302
Files Installed with
303
Starting and Stopping
304
Starting Multiple Copies of
304
Vsftpd Configuration Options
306
Daemon Options
306
Log in Options and Access Controls
307
Anonymous User Options
309
Local User Options
309
Directory Options
311
File Transfer Options
312
Logging Options
312
Network Options
313
Additional Resources
316
Installed Documentation
316
Related Books
317
Useful Websites
317
Security Reference
319
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
321
Advantages of PAM
321
PAM Configuration Files
321
PAM Service Files
321
PAM Configuration File Format
322
Module Interface
322
Control Flag
323
Module Arguments
324
Module Name
324
Sample PAM Configuration Files
324
Creating PAM Modules
327
PAM and Administrative Credential Caching
328
Directives
328
Removing the Timestamp File
328
PAM and Device Ownership
329
Device Ownership
329
Application Access
330
Additional Resources
330
Installed Documentation
330
Useful Websites
331
TCP Wrappers and Xinetd
333
TCP Wrappers
333
Advantages of TCP Wrappers
334
TCP Wrappers Configuration Files
334
Formatting Access Rules
335
Option Fields
339
Xinetd
342
Configuration Files
342
The File
342
The /Etc/Xinetd.D/Directory
343
Altering Xinetd Configuration Files
344
Additional Resources
348
Installed Documentation
348
Related Books
349
Useful Websites
349
Iptables
351
Packet Filtering
351
Differences between Iptables and Ipchains
353
Options Used Within Iptables Commands
354
Command Options
354
Structure of Options
354
Parameter Options
356
Iptables Match Options
357
Target Options
360
Listing Options
361
Saving Iptables Rules
362
Iptables Control Scripts
362
Iptables Control Scripts Configuration File
364
And Ipv6
365
Additional Resources
365
Installed Documentation
365
Useful Websites
365
Kerberos
367
What Is Kerberos
367
Advantages of Kerberos
367
Disadvantages of Kerberos
367
Kerberos Terminology
368
How Kerberos Works
370
Kerberos and PAM
371
Configuring a Kerberos 5 Server
372
Configuring a Kerberos 5 Client
374
Additional Resources
375
Installed Documentation
375
Useful Websites
376
SSH Protocol
379
Features of SSH
379
Why Use SSH
379
SSH Protocol Versions
380
Event Sequence of an SSH Connection
381
Transport Layer
381
Authentication
382
Channels
382
Openssh Configuration Files
383
More than a Secure Shell
384
X11 Forwarding
384
Port Forwarding
385
Requiring SSH for Remote Connections
386
Additional Resources
386
Installed Documentation
386
Related Books
387
Useful Websites
387
Selinux
389
Introduction to Selinux
389
Files Related to Selinux
389
The Pseudo-File System
389
Selinux Configuration Files
390
Selinux Utilities
392
Additional Resources
393
Installed Documentation
393
Red hat Documentation
393
Useful Websites
393
Appendixes
395
General Parameters and Modules
397
Kernel Module Utilities
397
Persistent Module Loading
400
Specifying Module Parameters
400
Storage Parameters
401
Ethernet Parameters
407
The Channel Bonding Module
414
Using Multiple Ethernet Cards
414
Additional Resources
418
Installed Documentation
418
Useful Websites
418
Index
419
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