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1-6 GENERALINFORMATIONAND
MAINTENANCE
Fig. 16 Screwdrivers should be kept in good
:ondition to prevent injury or damage which
:ould result it the blade slips from the screw
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Fig. 16 Using the correct size wrench will
help prevent the possibility of rounding off
a nut
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Fig. 17 Power tools should always be prop-
erly grounded
Fig. 19 NEVER work under a vehicle unless it
is supported using safety stands (jackstands)
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Do, when possible, pull on a wrench handle
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Do set the parking brake and block the drive
rather than push on it, and adjust your stance to pre-
vent a fall.
wheels if the work requires a running engine.
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Do be sure that adjustable wrenches are
tightly closed on the nut or bolt and pulled so that
the force is on the side of the fixed jaw.
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Do strike squarely with a hammer; avoid glanc-
ing blows.
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Don't run the engine in a garage or anywhere
else without proper ventilation-EVER! Carbon
monoxide is poisonous; it takes a long time to leave
the human body and you can build up a deadly sup-
ply of it in your system by simply breathing in a !ittle
every day. You may not realize you are slowly poi-
soning yourself. Always use power vents, windows,
fans and/or open the garage door.
l
Don't work around moving parts while wearing
loose clothing. Short sleeves are much safer than
long, loose sleeves. Hard-toed shoes with neoprene
soles protect your toes and give a better grip on slip-
pery surfaces. Jewelry such as watches, fancy belt
buckles, beads or body adornment of any kind is not
safe working around a vehicle. Long hair should be
tied back under a hat or cap.
l
Don't use pockets for toolboxes. A fall or bump
can drive a screwdriver deep into your body. Even a
rag hanging from your back pocket can wrap around
a spinning shaft or fan.
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Don't smoke when working around gasoline,
cleaning solvent or other flammable material.
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Don't smoke when workrng around the battery.
When the battery is being charged, it gives off explo-
sive hydrogen gas.
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Don't use gasoline to wash your hands; there
are excellent soaps available. Gasoline contains dan-
gerous additives which can enter the body through a
cut or through your pores. Gasoline also removes all
the natural oils from the skin so that bone dry hands
will suck up oil and grease.
l
Don't service the air conditioning system un-
less you are equipped with the necessary tools and
trainmg. When liquid or compressed gas refrigerant
is released to atmospheric pressure it will absorb
heat from whatever it contacts. This will chill or freeze
anything it touches.
l
Don't use screwdrivers for anything other than
driving screws! A screwdriver used as an prying tool
can snap when you least expect it, causing injuries.
At the very least, you'll ruin a good screwdriver.
. Don't use an emergency jack (that little ratchet,
scissors, or pantograph jack supplied with the vehi-
cle) for anything other than changing a flat! These
jacks are only Intended for emergency use out on the
road; they are NOT designed as a maintenance tool. If
you are serious about mamtaining your vehicle your-
self, invest in a hydraulic floor jack of at least a 1%
ton capacity, and at least two sturdy jackstands.
sion which can increase the torque necessary to
proper installation and safe operation of the vehicle
achieve the desired clamp load for which that fastener
afterwards.
was originally selected. Additionally, be sure that the
Thread gauges are available to help measure a bolt
p See Figures 20, 21, 22, and 23
driver surface of the fastener has not been compro-
or stud's thread. Most automotive and hardware
mised by rounding or other damage. In some cases a
stores keep gauges available to help you select the
Although there are a great variety of fasteners found
driver surface may become only partially rounded, al-
proper size. In a pinch, you can use another nut or
in the modern car or truck, the most commonly used
lowing the driver to catch in only one direction. In
bolt for a thread gauge. If the bolt you are replacing is
retainer is the threaded fastener (nuts, bolts, screws,
many of these occurrences, a fastener may be in-
not too badly damaged, you can select a match by
studs, etc.). Most threaded retainers may be reused,
stalled and tightened, but the driver would not be able
finding another bolt which will thread in its place. If
provided that they are not damaged in use or during
to grip and loosen the fastener again. (This could lead
you find a nut which threads properly onto the dam-
the repair. Some retainers (such as stretch bolts or
J to frustration down the line should that component
aged bolt, then use that nut to help select the replace-
torque prevailing nuts) are designed to deform when
ever need to be disassembled again).
ment bolt If however, the bolt you are replacing is so
tightened or in use and should not be reinstalled.
If you must replace a fastener, whether due to de-
badly damaged (broken or drilled out) that its threads
Whenever possible, we will note any special re-
sign or damage, you must ALWAYS be sure to use
cannot be used as a gauge, you might start by look-
tainers which should be replaced during a procedure.
the proper replacement In all cases, a retainer of the
ing for another bolt (from the same assembly or a
But you should always inspect the condition of a re-
same design, material and strength should be used.
similar location on your vehicle) which will thread
tainer when It is removed and replace any that show
Markings on the heads of most bolts will help deter-
into the damaged bolt's mounting. If so, the other bolt
signs of damage. Check all threads for rust or corro-
mine the proper strength of the fastener. The same
can be used to select a nut; the nut can then be used
material, thread and pitch must be selected to assure
to select the replacement bolt.
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