Standard And Metric Measurements - Ford Ranger Maintaince And Repair Manual

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
seating torque and standard torque wrench are usually used first to remove any compliance from the joint. The
fastener is then tightened the specified additional portion of a turn measured in degrees. A torque angle gauge
(mechanical protractor) is used for these applications.

Standard and Metric Measurements

Throughout this manual, specifications are given to help you determine the condition of various components
on your vehicle, or to assist you in their installation. Some of the most common measurements include length
(in. or cm/mm), torque (ft. lbs., inch lbs. or Nm) and pressure (psi, in. Hg, kPa or mm Hg). In most cases, we
strive to provide the proper measurement as determined by the manufacturer's engineers.
Though, in some cases, that value may not be conveniently measured with what is available in your toolbox.
Luckily, many of the measuring devices which are available today will have two scales so the Standard or
Metric measurements may easily be taken. If any of the various measuring tools which are available to you do
not contain the same scale as listed in the specifications, use the accompanying conversion factors to
determine the proper value.
The conversion factor chart is used by taking the given specification and multiplying it by the necessary
conversion factor. For instance, looking at the first line, if you have a measurement in inches such as
"free−play should be 2 in.'' but your ruler reads only in millimeters, multiply 2 in. by the conversion factor of
25.4 to get the metric equivalent of 50.8mm. Likewise, if the specification was given only in a Metric
measurement, for example in Newton Meters (Nm), then look at the center column first. If the measurement is
100 Nm, multiply it by the conversion factor of 0.738 to get 73.8 ft. lbs.
Chilton® Automotive Information Systems. © 2004 Thomson Delmar Learning.
TORQUE ANGLE METERS 21