Kurzweil PC88 Musician's Manual
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Kurzweil PC88 Musician's Manual

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©1997 All rights reserved. Kurzweil is a product line of Young Chang Co.; Kurzweil, PC88, and VGM are trademarks of Young Chang Co. All
other products and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Product features and speciÞcations are
subject to change without notice.
PC 88
Musician's Guide
Part Number: 910243 Rev. C

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  • Page 1 Musician’s Guide ©1997 All rights reserved. Kurzweil is a product line of Young Chang Co.; Kurzweil, PC88, and VGM are trademarks of Young Chang Co. All other products and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Product features and speciÞcations are subject to change without notice.
  • Page 2 INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO A RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK, OR INJURY TO PERSONS IMPORTANT SAFETY AND INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS WARNING - When using electronic products, basic precautions should always be followed. Read all of the Safety and Installation Instructions before using the product. Do not use this product near water, such as near a bathtub, sink, in a wet basement, near a swimming pool, or the like.
  • Page 3 Young Chang Distributors Contact the nearest Young Chang ofÞce listed below to locate your local Young Chang/ Kurzweil representative. Young Chang America, Inc. 13336 Alondra Blvd. Cerritos, CA 90703-2245 Tel: (562) 926-3200 Fax: (562) 404-0748 Young Chang Kang Nam P.O.Box 998...

  • Page 4: Electrical

    PC88 Specifications Physical Height: Ó (10.95 cm) 5/16 • Width: 14Ó (35.6 cm) • Length: Ó (137.95 cm) 5/16 • Weight: 55 lbs. (25 kg) • Electrical 120 VAC 240 VAC Voltage Range: 100-125 Volts RMS 200-250 Volts RMS •...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    PC88 Specifications ......................iv Physical ......................... iv Electrical ....................... iv Environmental....................... iv Audio........................iv Introducing the PC88 ........................... 1-1 For People Who Never Read Manuals…................ 1-1 Unpacking the Unit… ..................... 1-2 Setup ..........................1-2 Installing the Music Rack ....................1-3 Demo Sequence ......................
  • Page 6 Setups and Zones........................... 4-1 Analyzing a Setup ......................4-1 Selecting Parameters ....................... 4-2 Selecting Zones ....................... 4-2 I Don’t Hear a Zone: Is It Active (But Not Soloed), Muted, or Off? ....4-3 Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice ................ 4-4 Zone Parameters ...........................
  • Page 7 Saving Effects ......................... 7-2 VGM Effects........................7-3 Copying Effects ....................7-3 Effects and Drum Sounds ................... 7-3 MIDI Control of Effects....................7-4 Transmitting PC88 Effects Settings to a Sequencer ............7-4 MIDI Receive............................8-1 Channel On/Off....................8-1 Program....................... 8-1 General MIDI Considerations..................8-2 Global Parameters ..........................
  • Page 8 Memory Available ....................9-5 Reset PC88......................9-5 Dump all Setups ....................9-5 MIDIScope......................9-6 PC88 in the Real World........................10-1 At a Gig......................10-1 In the Recording Studio ..................10-1 In the MIDI Composing Studio ................ 10-2 In the Home....................... 10-2 Internal Voices............................

  • Page 9: Introducing The Pc88

    Read this chapter, at least. If youÕre an experienced MIDI musician, you will have no trouble getting the PC88 up and running right away, and thatÕs what weÕll do here. But even if youÕve mastered every other keyboard in the world, take some time to go through the manual and learn about the advanced features of the PC88.

  • Page 10: Unpacking The Unit

    • Setup Set the PC88 on a keyboard stand or table. Always make sure the ends are supported Ñ not just the middle. Use the stick-on rubber feet if youÕre putting the unit on a ßat surface (or even if you might in the future).

  • Page 11: Installing The Music Rack

    It will play through to the end, but you can stop it by pressing the buttons again. If your PC88 has a VGM board and software version 1.1 (or higher), more than one demo sequence is available for your listening pleasure. In this case, several instrument lights will blink after you press buttons 14 and 16 simultaneously, each one representing a different demo.

  • Page 12: Internal Voices

    Exiting from PC88 Menus You can exit from any PC88 menu by going directly to Internal Voices mode or MIDI Setups mode. You do not have to explicitly exit from the menu; the PC88 will change modes automatically, as soon as you press the Internal Voices or MIDI Setups button.

  • Page 13: Midi Setups

    MIDI Setups MIDI Setups WeÕve been dealing with one instrument so far, but the PC88 lets us play with four at a time. Multiple instrument setups are called, logically enough, ÒMIDI SetupsÓ, or just ÒSetupsÓ. You get to them by pressing the button marked (you guessed it) MIDI Setups . Do it now. It blinks, awaiting your selection of a Setup.
  • Page 14 Introducing the PC88 MIDI Setups below, the display now shows the current zone and its program number on the top line of the display, and the Þrst two Key Range parameters in the bottom of the display. Current Bank & Program number...

  • Page 15: Effects

    VGM board feature, weÕve put the VGM logo in the margin. By the way, when you start up the PC88 a message will appear on its display to indicate whether or not a VGM board is installed.

  • Page 16: Checking Battery Voltage Level

    Dump all Setups option on the Global menu. Internal Voices and ROM Setups are not dependent on battery-backed memory. To check the battery level: Press the 4, 5, and 6 buttons simultaneously. The top line of the PC88Õs display will look something like this: SCAN|2.4|W=123|B=2.9 Check the part of the display labelled ÒB=x.xÓ.

  • Page 17: Setup, Connections, And Controls

    ItÕs a good idea to use the stick-on rubber feet even if you are going to be putting the PC88 on a metal stand Ñ you never know when youÕll have to put it down on a table. Just make sure the feet donÕt get in the way of the standÕs supports.

  • Page 18: Pedals

    Connect the MIDI Out of the device or sequencer to the MIDI In of the PC88. The PC88 can receive 16 separate channels of MIDI data through the MIDI In jack.

  • Page 19: Front Panel Controls

    ( MIDI Select ) to the left of the MIDI In jack. In the Out position, the jack doubles as a second Out jack, and sends MIDI data being created by the PC88. Since you canÕt just split a MIDI line with a Y-cable, having a second Out jack makes it more convenient to hook up multiple instruments that are being driven directly from the PC88.

  • Page 20: Sound/Setup Select

    Setups. Furthermore, they do not remember the group that your last selection came from. There is room for 128 Setups in the PC88, and they are arranged in groups A through H, with the group letter at the bottom left of the display. Unlike Internal Voices, Setups in different groups that share a common number are not necessarily related.

  • Page 21: Zone Parameters

    Ñ to three times normal, to three times normal but upside-down. You can also set the curve used for the scaling, the offset from normal, and minimum and maximum values. Controllers opens the largest menu. These parameters determine how the PC88Õs physical controllers Ñ the wheels, sliders, pressure, pedals, and programmable buttonsÑwork. In...
  • Page 22 Accepting or ignoring All Notes Off commands, which can be a problem with some • external keyboards. Turning on and off the General MIDI mode in the PC88 (if the VGM board is present) and • also in any other General MIDI modules connected to the PC88Õs MIDI output.

  • Page 23: Data Entry

    The Enter button is also used in Intuitive Entry mode. Intuitive Entry The PC88 includes a feature called ÒIntuitive EntryÓ. This has three modes: in one, when a parameter is being displayed, you can enter a value for it using a physical controller or key, thus avoiding the Alpha wheel and numeric keypad.
  • Page 24 The third Intuitive Entry mode is used when setting the MIDI Receive channels. Setting these channels is important when using the PC88 with a sequencer, and a complete explanation is in Chapter 8. To choose a channel quickly, either to inspect, audition, or edit, press and hold the MIDI Receive button, and then one of the numbered Voice buttons.

  • Page 25: Jump Editing

    (labelled E, F, and G); and the two wheels at the far left of the keyboard are all assignable to different MIDI (and PC88) functions, just like the Pedals and Switch Pedals. The buttons can be conÞgured as momentary (they only stay on when they are being pressed) or toggle (they alternate between two different states each time you press).

  • Page 26: Master Volume

    MIDI data. Panic Pressing the Panic button is the fastest way to get all sound, both within the PC88 and in any MIDI devices that it is connected to, to stop. It immediately releases all notes in the PC88, plus it sends the MIDI messages ÒAll Notes OffÓ...

  • Page 27: Internal Voices

    In MIDI Setups mode, up to four ÒZonesÓ can be active at once, but in Internal Voices mode the PC88 is operating as a single Zone. (However, in either mode, the PC88 can receive MIDI data on 16 channels simultaneously.) If your unit has the optional VGM board installed, the Internal Voices mode is...

  • Page 28: Program Numbers And Other Ways Of Selecting Voices

    The increment/decrement ( + and - ) buttons are also operational. The table below summarizes the PC88Õs Internal Voices, showing the four groups available from each front panel button. Use Previous Group and Next Group to move between groups.

  • Page 29: Customizing The Internal Voices Mode

    In keeping with the Òdigital pianoÓ concept of the Internal Voices mode, and in order to make the PC88 as easy as possible to use, the sounds in the Internal Voices are always going to be the same, and you cannot change them. (In Setups mode, you can do all sorts of things, as weÕll soon see.) You can, however, change certain aspects of PC88 operation in Internal Voices mode.

  • Page 30: The Vgm Banks

    The optional VGM board adds three extra ÒBanksÓ of instruments to the PC88Õs internal sounds. A Bank is different from a PC88 Group. A Bank is deÞned by the MIDI SpeciÞcation, and it can have 128 different programs, while a Group has only 16 programs. When talking about the various banks, weÕll refer to the Internal Voices bank weÕve just been playing with as...

  • Page 31: Setups And Zones

    Setups and Zones The full power of the PC88 is available when it is in the Ò MIDI Setups Ó (or just ÒSetupsÓ) mode. In this mode, the PC88 can take on the identity of four distinct instruments and four distinct MIDI transmitters, all of which can use the same set of physical controllers, or any subset thereof.

  • Page 32: Selecting Parameters

    You can also access an empty bank (or Voice): doing this means that the Zone will not produce any sound on the PC88, but it will still send a bank and program number, as well as notes and controllers, to an external MIDI synthesizer whose receive channel matches this ZoneÕs.

  • Page 33: I Don't Hear A Zone: Is It Active (But Not Soloed), Muted, Or Off

    Setups and Zones Selecting Zones If you want to hear just one Zone, and temporarily mute the notes on all the others, use the Ò Solo Ó button. The button for the current Zone turns red, and the only sound you hear is that ZoneÕs.

  • Page 34: Creating A Setup From An Internal Voice

    Setups and Zones Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice There are two ways to create a Setup. One is to take an existing Setup and modify it. The other is to build one up from an Internal Voice. An Internal Voice, as you may have Þgured out by now, is in most respects a Setup with Zones 2, 3, and 4 turned off.

  • Page 35: Zone Parameters

    Zone parameters with the PC88Õs Internal Voices. Zone Parameters and Internal Voices The PC88Õs Internal Voices have only one active Zone: Zone 1. Saving Zone parameters to Internal Voices is a little different than saving to a Zone in a Setup, since any parameter you change will affect all Internal Voices;...

  • Page 36: Midi Transmit

    VGM sounds if the board is installed); out the MIDI Out jack ( MIDI ); or both ( Local+MIDI ). Note that if MIDI is not selected, and you play the PC88 into a sequencer, you may hear nice sounds, but the sequencer wonÕt record anything from this Zone.

  • Page 37: Program

    Registered Parameters Ñ if you want to adjust the pitchbend range on one of those, youÕll have to do it by hand. The PC88 not only sends them, it also recognizes them, so if you send the PC88 these commands from an external source (like another PC88), it will respond accordingly.

  • Page 38: Entry Transmit

    Zone Parameters Program (If there isnÕt one, it just shows a number.) HereÕs an example of the PC88Õs display when you press the <<< key while an internal voice is active: Zone Bank Program number number number Zone:1||||||0:001||| Bank:Internal|Voices Bank name You can set the Bank by any of the usual data entry methods, Direct or Intuitive.

  • Page 39: Bank Mode

    Bank Select messages; instead, they use Program Changes 100-109 as Bank Selects. If you select Bank 5: Program 42 for a PC88 Zone, for example, it will send out Program Change 105 followed by Program Change 42. PC88 program numbers over 99 are not sent.

  • Page 40: Program Name Display

    Þll with a different sound on another zone (either internal or on an external synth). Note Map Note Map lets you change the way notes are sent from the PC88, which can be useful in a number of situations. The default setting is Linear: all notes go out as played. Moving decrementally takes you to Off: no notes are sent, but controllers and other non-note data are.

  • Page 41: Transpose

    You can use three Zones this way (1 of 3, 2 of 3, 3 of 3) or even, if youÕre really ambitious, all four Zones (1 of 4, etc.). These maps wonÕt accomplish much on the PC88, but they can come in handy with external synths.

  • Page 42: Velocity

    Vel Max: 1 to 127 The PC88 can respond to keyboard velocity Ñ how hard you play the keys Ñ in a variety of ways. Each Zone can have its own velocity response settings, and any change you make in a Zone affects both local sounds and outgoing MIDI data.

  • Page 43: Velocity Curve

    Zone Parameters Velocity and cannot be used for note-ons). You can think of Scale as being a proportional change to the velocity, while Offset is a linear change. The maximum values for Offset are ±127. The illustration below shows the effects of Velocity Offset. Note that Velocity Offset is the only parameter changed in this example;...

  • Page 44: Velocity Minimum, Velocity Maximum

    Velocity Min: 1, Max: 64 no MIDI velocity is produced when you strike keys with medium velocity or greater Velocity Min: 64, Max: 127 MIDI velocity isn’t produced unless you strike keys with velocity of medium or greater Strike Velocity PC88 5-10...

  • Page 45: Controllers

    SwitchPdl 1, 2 (same as Buttons E,F,G) Controller editing is one of the strongest aspects of the PC88Õs usefulness as the main controller for a sophisticated MIDI studio. In this chapter, weÕll talk about two different types of ÒcontrollersÓ as they apply to the PC88. One is the physical controllers: the wheels, buttons, pedals, etc.

  • Page 46: Getting Around

    Zone Parameters Controllers The PC88Õs physical controllers include (in the order they appear in the menu): the pitch wheel, which is actually split into two controllers, one for movement up from the • center (Wheel 1 Up) and the other for movement down (Wheel 1 Dn) the second wheel, often referred to as the modulation wheel (Wheel 2) •...

  • Page 47: Midi Controllers And Other Parameters

    ¥ 91 Reverb Depth Ñ (the default for Slider A) ¥ 93 Effects Depth Ñ (the default for Slider B) The PC88 uses some MIDI Controllers in unique ways to edit effects (83, 90, 92, and 94) • and operate the Arpeggiator (116-119): see Chapters 6 and 7 for more. A detailed list of the entire set of MIDI Controller messages appears in Appendix F.

  • Page 48: Scaling

    Goto Program (Goto Prog) (134). Selects an entirely different Voice for the Zone. The Voice • number is the On value. Setup Increment (Setup Inc) (135) takes the PC88 to the next highest Setup, and sends out • all of the appropriate Exit and Entry values. When you change Setups, itÕs quite possible that the Setup you go to wonÕt have the same controller conÞguration as the current Setup,...

  • Page 49: Entry And Exit Values

    Þrst selected, however, is still ignored.) Exit Value tells the PC88 to send a value for that controller whenever you leave the Setup, either by selecting another Setup or by switching to Internal Voices mode. It can be very useful when a controller is doing something special to the sound which you donÕt want to continue...

  • Page 50: Do These Parameters Always Mean Something

    126 Mono mode On (the On value, in some synths, speciÞes the number of MIDI channels to respond to, with one voice on each) 127 Poly mode On >0 Program Increment Program Decrement Ö Ö Goto Program Setup Increment PC88 5-16...

  • Page 51: Do I Need All Those Pedals

    For example, you might want to be able to control modulation depth both with Wheel 2 and pressure. The PC88 has no restrictions on assigning multiple controllers to a particular MIDI message. For live performers, a useful trick is to assign Goto Setup to the three buttons (E, F, and G) each with its own value.
  • Page 52 Press the button of the Zone you want to paste into, and press Enter. Again, any other parameter button cancels. When you paste a Zone, the PC88 retains the destination zoneÕs old MIDI channel, which is less likely to conßict with the MIDI channel you have copied. ItÕs a good idea to set the MIDI channel of the zone before you paste into it.

  • Page 53: Storing A Setup

    Zone Parameters Storing a Setup You can also set the zone, controller, switch, arpeggiator, or effects to a default value. ÒClear,Ó at the end of each copy menu, copies information stored in Setup #127 that contains default parameter information. You can overwrite this setup with your own information, however, to create your own ÒdefaultÓ...

  • Page 54: Dumping A Setup

    Setups, itÕs always a good idea to have them stored externally so you can load them back into the PC88 should something go wrong with the memory (or if you have to do a hard reset). You can change which Setup you are dumping by turning the Alpha wheel or entering a number on the keypad.

  • Page 55: The Arpeggiator

    ÒsequencersÓ which played a Þnite series of notes over and over, with changes in the series dictated by the musician as the instrument played. The power of the Arpeggiator is not limited to the PC88: it also can control MIDI instruments, by sending MIDI data out just as if you were playing the keyboard.

  • Page 56: Arpeggiator Active

    If all Zone Enables are Off , then the Arpeggiator wonÕt do anything. The Arpeggiator not only produces notes from the PC88 Ñ it can also control external MIDI instruments. Just as if you were playing the keyboard normally, the notes produced by the Arpeggiator in a Zone will go to all of that ZoneÕs destinations: local, MIDI, or both.

  • Page 57: Latch Mode

    The Arpeggiator Latch Mode Latch Mode determines how the Arpeggiator will respond to notes played on the keyboard. Keys means that the Arpeggiator will only play while you are holding down one or more keys. As you play different notes, they get added to the Arpeggiator, and as you release notes, they get taken out.

  • Page 58: Beats

    Initial Tempo is the tempo, in beats per minute (bpm), at which the Arpeggiator will play when Þrst turned on. This tempo can be changed in real time by assigning any of the PC88Õs physical controllers in the Setup to Tempo . The range is 20 to 300 bpm.

  • Page 59: Shift Limit

    The Arpeggiator Shift Limit What happens when you transpose so far that the resulting notes are out of range? ThatÕs where the Shift Limit parameter comes in. This number determines how far up or down the Arpeggiator will play from the original note. The minimum value is 0 (which is, admittedly, not of much use), and the maximum is 88.

  • Page 60: Glissando

    The Arpeggiator Copying the Arpeggiator Glissando When the Glissando parameter is On, then the Arpeggiator chromatically Þlls in between notes as it cycles through them. Example: If the Arpeggiator is supposed to play a D and an F, with Glissando on it will play D, D#, E, F, E, D#, D. Available MIDI controllers To recap the MIDI controllers available for the Arpeggiator: 116 Ñ...

  • Page 61: Effects Editing

    Chapter 7 Effects Editing The PC88Õs built-in effects processor provides reverb, delay and chorusing effects for the on- board sounds. As weÕve seen, a different combination of effects can be assigned to any Internal Voice or Setup, and that combination can be remembered when that Voice or Setup is recalled Ñ...

  • Page 62: Internal Effects

    IntFx shows the algorithm or combination of effects that will be applied to the Internal sounds. These correspond with the various button combinations from the Effects section of the PC88Õs front panel; as you scroll through the Algorithms, you can see the lights in the Effects section change in accordance with the Algorithms.

  • Page 63: Vgm Effects

    Effects Editing VGM Effects VGM Effects We still havenÕt looked at the VGM boardÕs effects processor. If you have the VGM board installed, press the right cursor button (assuming youÕre still in the Effects menu) to see more parameters. (Another way to get here is to press both cursor buttons from an Internal effects parameter.) These parameters affect the VGM sounds (Banks 1-3), whether theyÕre being played locally or from MIDI.

  • Page 64: Midi Control Of Effects

    The Xmit Rvb Sysex parameter from the Global menu allows you to send SysEx messages describing the PC88Õs current effects settings when you call a Setup. This means that when you subsequently transmit from the sequencer to the PC88, the effects settings youÕve saved will be used instead of the PC88Õs defaults.

  • Page 65: Midi Receive

    ÒChannelizeÓ functions, which means that the sequencer can determine how the MIDI signal coming from a master keyboard (like the PC88) will be routed. If thatÕs the case, itÕs a wise idea to turn Local Control (under the Global menu) off, so that you donÕt end up with doubled notes and other kinds of confusion.

  • Page 66: General Midi Considerations

    General MIDI Considerations General MIDI Considerations With the VGM board installed, the PC88 can be conÞgured to receive in General MIDI mode, or it can receive in a mixed mode, taking advantage of all of its sounds. General MIDI (ÒGMÓ) mode is turned on using the General MIDI parameter, under the Global menu.

  • Page 67: Global Parameters

    Chapter 9 Global Parameters Many of the PC88Õs important settings are made from the menu under the Global button. As the name implies, these parameters are not Zone- or channel-speciÞc, but affect the entire instrument. The table below summarizes these parameters:...

  • Page 68: Local Control

    This turns local control of the PC88 on and off. This function is very important in a large studio. HereÕs why: If the PC88 is the master keyboard for a sequencer and at the same time is acting as a multi- timbral instrument, itÕs essential that the performance section (the keys and controllers) and the sound-producing section (the voice banks) be independent from each other.

  • Page 69: Change Setups

    In Keys Up mode, the change will not occur until the PC88 is in a Òno keys downÓ condition. So if you hold any note, or even if you play sufÞciently legato so that thereÕs never a moment at which no keys are being played, the change will be delayed.

  • Page 70: Tuning And Receive Transpose

    Exclusive messages are Þltered out. (The MIDI Thru jack still works normally.) Tuning and Receive Transpose Changing the Tuning parameter raises or lowers the pitch of the PC88 by up to a semitone, in 1- cent (1/100th of a semitone) increments. Changing Receive Transpose ( Recv Trans ) raises or lowers the pitch a semitone at a time, up to 64 semitones.

  • Page 71: Transmit Buttons

    Global Parameters the Device IDs must agree or the PC88 will ignore it. If you want to make sure the Setup can be sent back into any PC88, set the Device ID to 127 before you dump it. Transmit Buttons Xmit Buttons lets you transmit every button press on a PC88 as a MIDI System Exclusive command.

  • Page 72: Midiscope

    To use it, press Enter at the ÒMIDIScope?Ó prompt. Now whenever you play a key or controller or send any MIDI data to the PC88, the data shows up on the display: the type of command on the top line, and the data bytes on the bottom. This can be a highly useful tool for diagnosing problems in a MIDI system, such as improper setting of controllers or dead cables.

  • Page 73: Pc88 In The Real World

    PC88 in the Real World The PC88 offers you tremendous variety and ßexibility in many settings. To get you thinking, here are four situations that a PC88 might Þnd itself in, and how you might conÞgure it in each. At a Gig YouÕre using the PC88 all by itself.

  • Page 74: In The Midi Composing Studio

    Put the PC88 on its own MIDI In cable. Turn MIDI Receive On on all 16 channels, and turn • Local Control off. This will make the PC88 a slave to the computer, and anything you play on the keyboard will be routed through the computer before you hear it.

  • Page 75: Internal Voices

    Appendix A Internal Voices This appendix shows the 64 Internal Voices in the PC88 (Bank 0). They are arranged in ÒfamiliesÓ that you access by pressing the Next Group and Previous Group buttons. These numbers assume the "Program Number Display"...
  • Page 76 Internal Voices Button Label Prg # Internal Voice Mod Wheel Sliders C & D Buttons Others Harpsichord Harpsichord E-no release release vel - harpsi releases Stereo Harpsi E-no release release vel - harpsi releases 8ve Harpsichord E-no release Pedals Harpschrd E-no release Acoustic Guitar Acoustic Guitar*...

  • Page 77: Vgm Board Voices

    VGM Board Voices General MIDI voices Appendix B VGM Board Voices General MIDI voices This list shows the voices in the General MIDI bank (Bank1) on the VGM board. The bank is automatically selected for all channels when ÒGeneral MIDIÓ in the Global menu is turned on. They are accessible at any time on any chan- nel when GM has been turned on, with the exception of channel 10 which is dedicated to drum sounds.

  • Page 78: Expansion Voices

    Expansion voices This list shows the voices in the Expansion bank (Bank2) on the VGM board that are available when the PC88 is not in General MIDI mode. Any of these voices, including the ÒGMÓ drum sets, are accessible on any MIDI channel.

  • Page 79: Drum Sounds

    General MIDI This list shows the drum sounds and sound effects on the VGM board that are available when the PC88 is in General MIDI mode. The different sets are accessed by sending the PC88 the appropriate program change number on Chan- nel 10.
  • Page 80 Drum sounds General MIDI Number Note GM Standard Kit Room Kit Power Kit Electronic Kit Synth Kit Brush Kit Orchestra Kit Mid Tom 1 Room Mid Tom 1 Room Mid Tom 1 Elec Mid Tom 1 Mid Tom 1 Timpani B Hi Tom 2 Room Hi Tom 2 Room Hi Tom 2 Elec Hi Tom 2 Hi Tom 2...

  • Page 81: Kurzweil Drums

    Drum sounds Kurzweil Drums Kurzweil Drums Shown below are the ÒKurzweilÓ percussion sounds available in the Expansion Bank (2) on the VGM board. Note Clean Ambient Synth Prog. change no. Kick Drum Ambient Kick Drum Synth Kick Drum Kick Drum...
  • Page 82 Drum sounds Kurzweil Drums Note Clean Ambient Synth Conga Tone Conga Tone Conga Tone Conga Tap (Tap> Howl Tone) Conga Tap (Tap> Howl Tone) Conga Tap (Tap> Howl Tone) Conga Slap Conga Slap Conga Slap Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa...

  • Page 83: Latin Percussion

    Drum Sounds Latin Percussion Latin Percussion The Latin Percussion kit (Program Change # 63 in the Expansion Bank on the VGM board) offers a variety of Ethnic Percussion sounds—a combination of cowbells, congas, and shakers—uniquely designed to allow you to play authentic Latin, Cuban, and African rhythms using simple scales.

  • Page 84: Orchestral Percussion

    (fast double strokes), simply by playing trills and grace notes. Timpani Glockenspiel For example, to play this typical march pattern: Field Drum Bass Drum play the following on the keyboard: For a triangle roll, play: For a tambourine roll, play: PC88...

  • Page 85: Effects Algorithms

    Appendix D Effects Algorithms The following table shows the effects algorithms accessible on the PC88 either with or without the VGM board in- stalled. If the VGM board is installed, two different effectsÑInternal and VGMÑcan be used simultaneously. Algorithms are chosen by sending a specific MIDI Controller message. The value (second data byte) of the controller calls up the algorithm as listed in this table.
  • Page 86 Effects Algorithms Value (decimal) Reverb Size Reverb Tone Effect Room Normal None Room Normal Chorus 1 Room Normal Chorus 2 Room Normal Delay Stage Normal None Stage Normal Chorus 1 Stage Normal Chorus 2 Stage Normal Delay Hall Normal None Hall Normal Chorus 1...

  • Page 87: Midi Setups

    There are 32 standard Setups and an additional 32 VGM Setups With 17 assignable controllers shared among four independent zones, PC88 MIDI Setups can be quite complex. The following list describes the features of each factory MIDI Setup, including any non-default controller assignments, special application notes, and Òserving suggestionsÓ.
  • Page 88 MIDI Setups Standard Setups 16 Volume Sliders Template : Used for the tutorial in Chapter 1 of this book. All settings are default, except for program and slider assignments. A is Zone 1 volume. B is Zone 2 vol- ume. C is Zone 3 volume. D is Zone 4 volume. 17 FluidGtr &...

  • Page 89: Vgm Setups

    MIDI Setups VGM Setups VGM Setups 33 64 E Grnd & Str Zones 1 and 2 are set to matching programs in the Internal Voices and 64-note Poly banks, and play odd and even note ranges. Activate Zone 4 to add 8va Choir. C is strings filter.

  • Page 90: Application Notes

    There are many ways to program the PC88 to fully automate a multi-synthesizer rig for quick-access live performance. When you are preparing the PC88 for a live performance, the Default Setup (#127), the Volume Sliders, Local Template, and MIDI Tem- plate setups are recommended starting points.

  • Page 91: Default Setup Parameters (Generic Template

    MIDI Setups Default Setup Parameters (Generic Template) Default Setup Parameters (Generic Template) Shown below are the Setup parameters for Setup 127 "Default Setup", which is provided as a generic template with most of its parameters set to their defaults or most basic values. Setup:127 Default Setup Zones 1-4 MIDI Transmit...

  • Page 92: Default Controller Assignments (Internal Voices

    Arpeggiator un i played Zone Enable Setup Template Provided on the following two pages is a template to copy and use for recording the settings of the zones in the Setups you create. PC88...
  • Page 93 MIDI Setups Setup Template Setup Name: Zone 1 Arp. enable MIDI Transmit Cont. Ctls ctl # scale offset curve entry val exit val MIDI channel wheel1 up destination wheel1 down bndrng wheel 2 Program mpressure bank slider A program slider B entry transmit slider C bank mode...
  • Page 94 E offset button F curve button G min-max sw pedal 1 sw pedal 2 Setup key rng latch md play ord beats tempo duratn Arpeggiator Functions vel mode fix vel noteshft shftlimt limtopt gliss PC88...

  • Page 95: Continuous Controllers In The Midi Specification

    Original DX7 used this for aftertouch 04/36 04/24 Foot Pedal Transmitter is a foot pedal; receiver is loudness or timbral change. PC88 default assignment (04) is Pedal 2 and Slider Portamento Time 05/37 05/25 Transmitter is a slider; receiver controls time to glide from one note to the next when Portamento switch (41H) is On.

  • Page 96: The Switches: 64-69

    Transmitter is a pedal; works in conjunction with 07 (Vol- ume) to make “temporary” volume changes or performance inflections. Volume can be thought of as a fader on a console, while Expression the pedal on an organ. PC88 default as- signment (11) is Pedal 1. Effect Control 1...

  • Page 97: Sound Controllers: 70-79

    Deliberately vague. Once upon a time, this Controller was “Velocity Replace”, but it was never implemented by any- body. Harmonic Content Richness or intensity of timbre. PC88 default assignment is Button E Release Time Length of release portion of envelope. PC88 default assign- ment is Slider D.

  • Page 98: Controllers 80-97

    Applications and notes 80-83 50-53 General Purpose #5-#8 Similar to 16-19 and 48-51. The PC88 uses #83 to set Algo- rithms for the Internal effects processor. Portamento Control When Portamento Switch (41H) is turned on, and Portamento Time (05H) is not zero, the value of this Controller is the number of the note at which the glide will start .

  • Page 99: 102-119: Uncharted Territory

    Its use is optional, but it can help to avoid confusion in very complex data streams. 102-119: Uncharted Territory Controllers 102 through 119 do not have specific functions. On the Kurzweil PC88, however, these four do: Decimal Name...

  • Page 100: 120-127: Mode Messages

    Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification 120-127: Mode Messages Above 119, Controller messages are considered Òmode messagesÓ, and have specific functions that address an en- tire instrument, rather than a single voice. Decimal Name Applications and notes All Sound Off Instantly mutes the sound without changing the Volume (Controller 07) Reset All Controllers...

  • Page 101: Pc88 Internal Diagnostics

    To start the PC88 diagnostics, power up the unit while simultaneously holding the 1 , 2 , and 3 buttons. Release the 1 , 2 , and 3 buttons within two seconds of turning on the PC88. After a brief introductory message, the display will appear as follows: Press <<<...

  • Page 102: Exiting Diagnostics

    The VGM Port Test requires a VGM option to be installed. If no VGM option is installed, the test will fail. If, on the other hand, there is a VGM option installed, the PC88 will use it to play Þve test tones in sequence.

  • Page 103: Midi Implementation Chart

    Active Sense Reset Notes *Use MULTI mode to assign different programs to each MIDI channel **Any control change can be sent by the PC88 Mode 1: OMNI ON, POLY Mode 2:OMNI OFF, MONO O = yes Mode 3: OMNI OFF, POLY...
  • Page 105 5-11 Numerics Controllers 5-17 Copy 14-bit Controllers 2-10, 7-1 Effects 440-tuned piano voice Global 64-Note Poly bank Key Range 3-4, 5-7, A-1 64-note polyphony MIDI Receive MIDI Transmit Next Group 2-10 Panic 9-4, F-6 All Notes Off Previous Group 5-13, F-6 All Sound Off Program 1-4, 2-7...
  • Page 106 Envelope Internal Effects Delay 2-10, 5-13 Envelope Control Internal Effects Wet 5-15 Exit values Internal Reverb Time Exiting from PC88 Menus 1-4, 3-1, A-1 Internal Voices Exiting without changing a Setup Internal voices Expansion Sounds bank customizing PC 88 Index-2...
  • Page 107 IntFx MIDI composing studio 1-4, 1-6, 2-7, 5-12 10-2 Intuitive entry using PC88 in MIDI connections MIDI control of effects 5-13 MIDI controllers Joystick available with Arpeggiator sending to other devices MIDI In Jump editing MIDI Receive channel on/off Program parameter...
  • Page 108 5-13 Pitch Up 5-14 Sequence Start Pitchbend down 5-14 Sequence Stop Pitchbend Range Sequencer Pitchbend up using the PC88 with Play Order Setting up the PC88 with Arpeggiator Setup Change Channel PNameDisp Setup chg chan PNumDisp 5-14 Setup Decrement Poly On...
  • Page 109 Tuning and Internal Voices Tuning Bank Select 5-17 copying Tuning Program Select selecting Zones 2-4, 4-2 active 5-18 copying Unpacking the PC88 2-4, 4-2 current 2-4, 4-2 muted selecting Vel Curve 2-4, 4-2 soloed Vel Max Vel Min Vel Offset...
  • Page 110 PC88 Index-6...

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