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ZyXEL Communications ZyWALL 10/10 User Manual

ZyXEL Communications ZyWALL 10/10 User Manual

Internet security gateway
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ZyWALL 10/10 II/50
Internet Security Gateway
User's Guide
Version 3.50
June 2002

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Summary of Contents for ZyXEL Communications ZyWALL 10/10

  • Page 1 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway User’s Guide Version 3.50 June 2002...
  • Page 2 Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
  • Page 3 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.

  • Page 4: Information For Canadian Users

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Information for Canadian Users The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements. The Industry Canada label does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to a user's satisfaction.

  • Page 5: Declaration Of Conformity

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Declaration of Conformity We, the Manufacturer/Importer, ZyXEL Communications Corp. No. 6, Innovation Rd. II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300 R.O.C declare that the product ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 is in conformity with (reference to the specification under which conformity is declared)

  • Page 6: Zyxel Limited Warranty

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon...

  • Page 7: Customer Support

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. • Product model and serial number. • Information in Menu 24.2.1 – System Information. • Warranty Information. • Date that you received your device.

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    List of Diagrams ............................xxvii Preface ..............................xxix GETTING STARTED............................I Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL ...................1-1 The ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway ..............1-1 Features ............................1-1 Applications ..........................1-4 1.3.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem ...........1-4 1.3.2...
  • Page 9 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Turning On Your ZyWALL ....................... 3-1 3.1.1 Initial Screen........................3-1 3.1.2 Entering the Password ......................3-1 Navigating the SMT Interface ....................3-2 3.2.1 Main Menu ......................... 3-3 3.2.2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary ............3-3 3.2.3...
  • Page 10 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.7 IP Alias..........................5-5 TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu..................5-5 5.4.1 IP Alias Setup........................5-7 Chapter 6 Internet Access ........................6-1 Internet Access Setup........................6-1 6.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation......................6-1 6.1.2 PPTP Encapsulation ......................6-2 6.1.3 Configuring the PPTP Client ....................6-3 6.1.4...
  • Page 11 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types......................9-4 Using NAT ..........................9-6 9.2.1 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT ................9-6 9.2.2 Applying NAT........................9-6 NAT Setup..........................9-8 9.3.1 Address Mapping Sets......................9-8 NAT Server Sets – Port Forwarding..................9-13 9.4.1...
  • Page 12 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security .......................10-10 10.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols ....................10-11 10.6 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall ............10-11 10.6.1 Security In General ......................10-12 10.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall....................10-12 10.7.1 Packet Filtering: ......................10-13 10.7.2 Firewall ...........................10-13 Chapter 11 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall..................11-1...
  • Page 13 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.2.1 Rule Checklist ........................13-1 13.2.2 Security Ramifications ..................... 13-2 13.2.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules..................13-2 13.3 Connection Direction......................13-3 13.3.1 LAN to WAN Rules ......................13-3 13.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules ......................13-4 13.4...
  • Page 14 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 17.2 List Update..........................17-1 17.3 Exempt Computers........................17-1 17.4 Customizing ..........................17-2 17.5 Keywords ..........................17-2 17.6 Logs............................17-2 ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ........................IV Chapter 18 Filter Configuration ......................18-1 18.1 About Filtering........................18-1 18.1.1 The Filter Structure of the ZyWALL ................18-2 18.2...
  • Page 15 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 20 System Information & Diagnosis..................20-1 20.1 System Status ........................20-1 20.2 System Information and Console Port Speed ............... 20-3 20.2.1 System Information ......................20-4 20.2.2 Console Port Speed......................20-5 20.3 Log and Trace........................20-5 20.3.1...
  • Page 16 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 21.4.1 Firmware File Upload .....................21-11 21.4.2 Configuration File Upload ....................21-11 21.4.3 FTP File Upload Command from the Command Line Example........21-12 21.4.4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload.............21-13 21.4.5 TFTP File Upload ......................21-13 21.4.6 TFTP Upload Command Example ..................21-14...
  • Page 17 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 24 Call Scheduling ........................24-1 24.1 Introduction .......................... 24-1 Chapter 25 Introduction to IPSec......................25-1 25.1 Introduction .......................... 25-1 25.1.1 VPN..........................25-1 25.1.2 IPSec..........................25-1 25.1.3 Security Association......................25-1 25.1.4 Other Terminology ......................25-1 25.1.5...
  • Page 18 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 26.5.2 Negotiation Mode ......................26-13 26.5.3 Pre-Shared Key .......................26-14 26.5.4 Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Groups ..................26-14 26.5.5 Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) ..................26-14 26.6 Manual Setup ........................26-17 26.6.1 Active Protocol .......................26-17 26.6.2 Security Parameter Index (SPI)..................26-17 Chapter 27 SA Monitor ..........................27-1 1.1.
  • Page 19 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix E Important Safety Instructions ....................I Appendix F Boot Commands ........................J Appendix G Command Interpreter......................L Appendix H Firewall Commands ......................M Appendix I NetBIOS Filter Commands ....................S Appendix J NetBIOS Filter Commands....................Z Index................................CC...

  • Page 20: List Of Figures

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway List of Figures Figure 1-1 Secure Internet Access via Cable ....................1-4 Figure 1-2 Secure Internet Access via DSL ....................1-4 Figure 1-3 VPN Application ...........................1-5 Figure 2-1 Front Panel ............................2-1 Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections ..................2-3 Figure 2-3 ZyWALL 10 II/50 Rear Panel and Connections................2-4...
  • Page 21 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 6-3 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE)..................... 6-4 Figure 7-1 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation ..........7-2 Figure 7-2 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation............ 7-4 Figure 7-3 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPTP Encapsulation ............7-6 Figure 7-4 Menu 11.3 —...
  • Page 22 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-17 Example 3: Menu 11.3 ......................9-21 Figure 9-18 Example 3: Menu 15.1.1.1 ......................9-21 Figure 9-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1 ....................9-22 Figure 9-20 Example 3: Menu 15.2 ......................9-22 Figure 9-21 NAT Example 4.........................9-23 Figure 9-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 —...
  • Page 23 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 15-1 Log Screen..........................15-1 Figure 16-1 Activate the Firewall ........................ 16-2 Figure 16-2 Example 1: E-Mail Screen......................16-3 Figure 16-3 Example 1: Configuring a Rule ....................16-4 Figure 16-4 Example 1: Destination Address for Traffic Originating from the Internet ......16-5 Figure 16-5 Example 1: Rule Summary Screen...................
  • Page 24 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 18-14 Filtering Remote Node Traffic ....................18-19 Figure 19-1 SNMP Management Model.......................19-2 Figure 19-2 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration ....................19-4 Figure 20-1 Menu 24 — System Maintenance .....................20-1 Figure 20-2 Menu 24.1 — System Maintenance — Status................20-2 Figure 20-3 Menu 24.2 —...
  • Page 25 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 21-14 Telnet into Menu 24.7.2 — System Maintenance..............21-12 Figure 21-15 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload ..............21-13 Figure 21-16 Menu 24.7.1 Using the Console Port..................21-15 Figure 21-17 Example Xmodem Upload ....................21-15 Figure 21-18 Menu 24.7.2 Using the Console Port..................
  • Page 26 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 26-5 Headquarters ZyWALL Configuration..................26-5 Figure 26-6 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary....................26-6 Figure 26-7 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup .....................26-9 Figure 26-8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA ..................26-13 Figure 26-9 —...
  • Page 27 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway List of Tables Table 2-1 LED Descriptions........................... 2-1 Table 3-1 Main Menu Commands........................3-2 Table 3-2 Main Menu Summary ........................3-3 Table 4-1 General Setup Menu Field ......................4-2 Table 4-2 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu Fields..................4-3 Table 4-3 WAN Setup Menu Fields .......................
  • Page 28 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing/Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set ..........9-13 Table 9-7 Services & Port Numbers ......................9-14 Table 10-1 Common IP Ports........................10-4 Table 10-2 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts ..................10-6 Table 10-3 Legal NetBIOS Commands .......................
  • Page 29 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters................20-7 Table 20-4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic..................20-13 Table 21-1 Filename Conventions........................ 21-2 Table 21-2 General Commands for GUI-Based FTP Clients ............... 21-4 Table 21-3 General Commands for GUI-Based TFTP Clients..............21-6 Table 22-1 Budget Management ........................
  • Page 30 ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 29-6 Troubleshooting Remote Management ..................29-3 List of Tables...

  • Page 31: List Of Diagrams

    ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway List of Diagrams Diagram 1 Big Picture — Filtering, Firewall, NAT and VPN................A Diagram 2 Single-PC per Modem Hardware Configuration ................C Diagram 3 ZyWALL as a PPPoE Client......................D Diagram 4 Transport PPP frames over Ethernet....................E Diagram 5 PPTP Protocol Overview.........................F...

  • Page 33: Preface

    Multiple office/department connections via access devices. E-commerce/EDI applications. The ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 features an ICSA certified firewall, IPSec VPN capability (allowing up to 10/50 simultaneous secure connections), MultiNAT (for multiple IP address translation), web page content filtering and an embedded web server for easy configuration. See the next chapter for more details on these and other features.

  • Page 34: Syntax Conventions

    For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.” as a shorthand for “for instance” and “i.e.” for “that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual. • The ZYWALL 10/10 II/50 may be referred to simply as the ZyWALL throughout this manual. xxxiv Preface...

  • Page 35: Getting Started

    Getting Started Part I: Getting Started This part is structured as a step-by-step guide to help you connect, install and setup your ZyWALL to operate on your network and access the Internet.

  • Page 37: Chapter 1 Getting To Know Your Zywall

    This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyWALL. The ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 is a dual Ethernet Internet security gateway integrated with a robust firewall and network management features designed for home offices and small businesses to access the Internet via cable/ADSL modem or Internet router.
  • Page 38 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway You can configure most features of the ZyWALL via SMT but we recommend you configure the firewall and Content Filters using the ZyWALL web configurator. Content Filtering The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies, as well as disable web proxies.
  • Page 39 ♦ Unix syslog facility support. Upgrade ZyWALL Firmware via LAN The firmware of the ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 can be upgraded via the LAN. Embedded FTP and TFTP Servers The ZyWALL’s embedded FTP and TFTP Servers enable fast firmware upgrades as well as configuration file backups and restoration.

  • Page 40: Applications

    1.3.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem A cable modem or xDSL modem can connect to the ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 for broadband Internet access via Ethernet port on the modem. It provides not only high speed Internet access, but secured internal network protection and management as well.

  • Page 41: Vpn Application

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 1.3.2 VPN Application ZyWALL VPN is an ideal cost-effective way to connect branch offices and business partners over the Internet without the need (and expense) for leased lines between sites. Figure 1-3 VPN Application...

  • Page 43: Chapter 2 Hardware Installation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 2 Hardware Installation This chapter explains the LEDs and ports as well as how to connect the hardware and perform the initial setup. Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports 2.1.1 Front Panel LEDs The LEDs on the front panel indicate the operational status of the ZyWALL.

  • Page 44: Zywall Rear Panel And Connections

    The WAN Link is not ready, or has failed. The WAN Link is OK. (ZyWALL Flashing The 100M WAN link is sending/receiving packets. ZyWALL Rear Panel and Connections The following figures show the rear panel of your ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 and the related connections. Hardware Installation...

  • Page 45: Figure 2-2 Zywall 10 Rear Panel And Connections

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections Hardware Installation...

  • Page 46: Figure 2-3 Zywall 10 Ii/50Rear Panel And Connections

    Figure 2-3 ZyWALL 10 II/50Rear Panel and Connections This section outlines how to connect your ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 to the LAN and the WAN. If you want to connect a cable modem you must connect the coaxial cable from your cable service to the threaded coaxial cable connector on the back of the cable modem.

  • Page 47: Specifications

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway port) of your computer. You can use an extension RS-232 cable if the enclosed one is too short. After the initial setup, you can modify the configuration remotely through telnet connections. Step 2. Connecting the ZyWALL to the Broadband Modem Step 2a.

  • Page 48: Additional Installation Requirements

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Additional Installation Requirements In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware and software requirements you need before you can install and use your ZyWALL. These requirements include: 1. A computer with an Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card) installed.

  • Page 49: Chapter 3 Initial Setup

    When you turn on your ZyWALL, it performs several internal tests as well as line initialization. [ENTER] After the tests, the ZyWALL asks you to press to continue, as shown next. Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. initialize ch =0, ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:41:51:61 initialize ch =1, ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:41:51:62 Press ENTER to continue...

  • Page 50: Navigating The Smt Interface

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Enter Password : XXXX Figure 3-2 Password Screen Navigating the SMT Interface The SMT (System Management Terminal) is the interface that you use to configure your ZyWALL. Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below.

  • Page 51: Main Menu

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.2.1 Main Menu After you enter the password, the SMT displays the ZyWALL Main Menu, as shown next. Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Main Menu Getting Started Advanced Management 1.
  • Page 52 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 3-2 Main Menu Summary MENU TITLE FUNCTION System Password Change your password in this menu (recommended). System Maintenance From displaying system status to uploading firmware, this menu provides comprehensive system maintenance. Schedule Setup Use this menu to schedule outgoing calls.

  • Page 53: Smt Menus At A Glance

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.2.3 SMT Menus at a Glance Figure 3-4 Getting Started and Advanced Applications SMT Menus Initial Setup...

  • Page 54: Figure 3-5 Advanced Management Smt Menus

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 3-5 Advanced Management SMT Menus Initial Setup...

  • Page 55: Changing The System Password

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 3-6 IPSec VPN Configuration SMT Menus Changing the System Password The first thing you should do is change the default system password by following the steps shown next. Step 1. Enter 23 in the main menu to open Menu 23 - System Password as shown below.

  • Page 56: Resetting The Zywall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Re-type your new system password for confirmation and press [ENTER]. Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an (X) for each character you type. Resetting the ZyWALL If you forget your password or cannot access the ZyWALL, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file.

  • Page 57: Procedure To Use The Reset Button

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.4.2 Procedure To Use The Reset Button Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking) before you begin this procedure. 1. Press the RESET button for ten seconds, then release it. If the SYS LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the ZyWALL restarts.

  • Page 59: Chapter 4 General And Wan Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 4 General and WAN Setup Menu 1 - General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. Clone a LAN computer MAC address in the Menu 2 - WAN Setup. System Name System Name is for identification purposes. ZyXEL recommends you enter your computer’s “Computer name”.

  • Page 60: Dyndns Wildcard

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don’t know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name.

  • Page 61: Figure 4-2 Configure Dynamic Dns

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Domain Name Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field zyxel.com.tw blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. You can go to menu 24.8 and type "sys domain name" to see the current domain name used by your router.
  • Page 62 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to make dynamic DNS active. DDNS Type Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select DynamicDNS DynamicDNS if you have a dynamic IP address(es). Select StaticDNS if you (default) have a static IP address(s).

  • Page 63: Wan Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. WAN Setup This section describes how to configure the WAN using Menu 2 — WAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 2 to open menu 2.
  • Page 64 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP Address This field is applicable only if you choose the IP Address attached on LAN method. Enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.

  • Page 65: Chapter 5 Lan Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 5 LAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 – LAN Setup. Introduction This section describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 — LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to open menu 3.

  • Page 66: Factory Lan Defaults

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.1 Factory LAN Defaults The LAN parameters of the ZyWALL are preset in the factory with the following values: 1. IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits). 2. DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.

  • Page 67: Private Ip Addresses

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.

  • Page 68: Rip Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

  • Page 69: Ip Alias

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.7 IP Alias IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network.

  • Page 70: Figure 5-6 Menu 3.2 - Tcp/Ip And Dhcp Ethernet Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup First address DHCP= Server in the IP Pool Configuration: Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 32 Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0...

  • Page 71: Ip Alias Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 5-3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above, then type in the IP address of Address the actual, remote DHCP server here.

  • Page 72: Figure 5-7 Menu 3.2.1 - Ip Alias Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup IP Alias 1= No IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A RIP Direction= N/A Version= N/A Incoming protocol filters= N/A Outgoing protocol filters= N/A IP Alias 2= No...

  • Page 73: Chapter 6 Internet Access

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 6 Internet Access This chapter shows you how to configure your ZyWALL for Internet access. Internet Access Setup You will see three different menu 4 screens depending on whether you chose Ethernet, PPTP or PPPoE Encapsulation.

  • Page 74: Pptp Encapsulation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-1 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Press [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose Ethernet. The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address. Service Type Press [SPACE BAR] to select Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method) or RR-Manager (RoadRunner Manager authentication method).

  • Page 75: Configuring The Pptp Client

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. 6.1.3 Configuring the PPTP Client To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the My Login and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.

  • Page 76: Figure 6-3 Internet Access Setup (Pppoe)

    By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 (rather than individual computer’s), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyWALL does that part of the task.

  • Page 77: Basic Setup Complete

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway If you need a PPPoE service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server, please go to menu 11 and enter the PPPoE service name provided to you in the Service Name field. Basic Setup Complete Well done! You have successfully connected, installed and set up your ZyWALL to operate on your network as well as access the Internet.

  • Page 79: Advanced Applications

    Advanced Applications Part II: Advanced Applications This part covers Remote Node Setup, IP Static Route Setup and Network Address Translation.

  • Page 81: Chapter 7 Remote Node Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 7 Remote Node Setup This chapter shows you how to configure a remote node. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway. A remote node represents both the remote gateway and the network behind it across a WAN connection.

  • Page 82: Figure 7-1 Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile For Ethernet Encapsulation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes Encapsulation= Ethernet Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Session Options: Service Name= N/A Edit Filter Sets= No Outgoing: My Login= N/A...
  • Page 83 IP address here. Route This field refers to the protocol that will be routed by your ZyWALL – IP is the only option for the ZyWALL 10/10 II/50. Edit IP This field leads to a “hidden” menu. Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to go to Menu 11.3 - Remote Node...

  • Page 84: Outgoing Authentication Protocol

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPPoE Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Telco Option: Service Name= Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Outgoing= Period(hr)= 0 My Login=...

  • Page 85: Pptp Encapsulation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-2 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPPoE Encapsulation Specific) FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing CHAP/PAP calls. Options for this field are: CHAP/PAP - Your ZyWALL will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.

  • Page 86: Figure 7-3 Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile For Pptp Encapsulation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPTP Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Telco Option: Service Name=N/A Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Outgoing= Period(hr)= 0 My Login=...

  • Page 87: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Ethernet Encapsulation)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulation) Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11.1, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes. Press [ENTER] to open Menu 11.3 - Network Layer Options. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options...

  • Page 88: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Pptp Encapsulation)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric This field is valid only for PPTP/PPPoE encapsulation. The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks.

  • Page 89: Figure 7-5 Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 7-5 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic Rem IP Address= N/A Rem Subnet Mask= N/A My WAN Addr= 0.0.0.0...

  • Page 90: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Pppoe Encapsulation)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. 1 to 15 IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks.

  • Page 91: Figure 7-6 Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter (Ethernet Encapsulation)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Use menu 11.5 to specify the filter set(s) to apply to the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the ZyWALL to prevent certain packets from triggering calls. You can specify up to 4 filter sets separated by commas, e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12, in each filter field.

  • Page 93: Chapter 8 Ip Static Route Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 8 IP Static Route Setup This chapter shows you how to configure static routes with your ZyWALL. Static routes tell the ZyWALL routing information that it cannot learn automatically through other means. This can arise in cases where RIP is disabled on the LAN.

  • Page 94: Figure 8-2 Menu 12 - Ip Static Route Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway IP Static Route Setup You configure IP static routes in menu 12. 1 by selecting one of the IP static routes as shown next. Enter 12 from the main menu. Menu 12 - IP Static Route Setup 1.

  • Page 95: Table 8-1 Ip Static Route Menu Fields

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The following table describes the IP Static Route Menu fields. Table 8-1 IP Static Route Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Route # This is the index number of the static route that you chose in menu 12.

  • Page 97: Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (Nat)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyWALL. Introduction NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address...

  • Page 98: What Nat Does

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. 9.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side.

  • Page 99: Nat Application

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-1 How NAT Works 9.1.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyWALL can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. More examples follow...

  • Page 100: Nat Mapping Types

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-2 NAT Application With IP Alias 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: 1. One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps one local IP address to one global IP address.

  • Page 101: Table 9-2 Nat Mapping Types

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. 4. Many One to One: In Many-One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps the each local IP addresses to unique global IP addresses.

  • Page 102: Using Nat

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Using NAT You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up SUA/NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyWALL. 9.2.1 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT SUA (Single User Account) is a ZyNOS implementation of a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping, Many-to-One and Server.

  • Page 103: Figure 9-4 Menu 11.3 - Applying Nat To The Remote Node

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The following figure shows how you apply NAT to the remote node in menu 11.1. Step 1. Enter 11 from the main menu. Move the cursor to the Edit IP field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to bring up Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options.

  • Page 104: Nat Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway NAT Setup Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to computers on the LAN. You can see two NAT Address Mapping sets in menu 15.1. You can only configure Set 1.

  • Page 105: Figure 9-7 Menu 15.1.1 - Sua Address Mapping Rules

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway SUA Address Mapping Set Enter 255 to display the next screen (see also section 9.2.1). The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= SUA Local Start IP...
  • Page 106 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). Type These are the mapping types discussed above (see Server Table 9-2). Server allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this machine.

  • Page 107: Figure 9-8 Menu 15.1.1 - First Set

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= ? Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------ Action= Edit Select Rule=N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-8 Menu 15.1.1 —...

  • Page 108: Figure 9-9 Menu 15.1.1.1 - Editing/Configuring An Individual Rule In A Set

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-5 Fields in Menu 15.1.1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Action The default is None. Edit means you want to edit a selected rule Edit (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a rule before the rule selected.

  • Page 109: Nat Server Sets - Port Forwarding

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing/Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Type Press [SPACE BAR] to toggle through a total of five types. These One-to-One are the mapping types discussed in Table 9-2. Server allows you to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this computer.

  • Page 110: Configuring A Server Behind Nat

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.

  • Page 111: Figure 9-10 Menu 15.2 - Nat Server Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Enter a port number in an unused Start Port No field. To forward only one port, enter it again in the End Port No field.

  • Page 112: Figure 9-11 Multiple Servers Behind Nat Example

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-11 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example 9-16...

  • Page 113: General Nat Examples

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway General NAT Examples 9.5.1 Internet Access Only In the following Internet access example, you only need one rule where all your ILAs (Inside Local addresses) map to one dynamic IGA (Inside Global Address) assigned by your ISP.

  • Page 114: Example 2: Internet Access With An Inside Server

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway From menu 4 shown above, simply choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed in section 9.5. The SUA Only read-only option from the Network Address Translation field in menus 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case.

  • Page 115: Example 3: Multiple Public Ip Addresses With Inside Servers

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address --------------------------------------------------- Default Default 192.168.1.10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1026 1026 RR Reserved Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-15 Menu 15.2 —...
  • Page 116 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The example situation looks somewhat like this: Figure 9-16 NAT Example 3 Step 1. In this case you need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets. Therefore you must choose the Full Feature option from the Network Address Translation field (in menu 4 or menu 11.3) in Figure 9-17.
  • Page 117 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 6. Repeat the previous step for rules 2 to 4 as outlined above. Step 7. When finished, menu 15.1.1 should look like as shown in Figure 9-19. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options...
  • Page 118 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Example3 Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------ 1. 192.168.1.10 10.132.50.1 192.168.1.11 10.132.50.2 3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255...

  • Page 119: Example 4: Nat Unfriendly Application Programs

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.5.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation. In this case it is better to use Many-One-to-One mapping as port numbers do not change for Many-One-to-One (and One-to-One) NAT mapping types.

  • Page 120: Figure 9-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 - Address Mapping Rule

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule Type= Many-One-to-One Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 = 192.168.1.12 Global IP: Start= 10.132.50.1 = 10.132.50.3 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule After you’ve configured your rule, you should be able to check the settings in menu 15.1.1 as shown next.

  • Page 121: Firewall And Content Filters

    Firewall and Content Filters Part III: Firewall and Content Filters Part III introduces firewalls in general and the ZyWALL firewall. It also explains custom ports and logs and gives example firewall rules and an overview of content filtering.

  • Page 123: Chapter 10 Firewalls

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 10 Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall. 10.1 What Is a Firewall? Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another.

  • Page 124: Stateful Inspection Firewalls

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems, since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems.

  • Page 125: Denial Of Service

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-1 ZyWALL Firewall Application 10.4 Denial of Service Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources.

  • Page 126: Types Of Dos Attacks

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port.

  • Page 127: Figure 10-2 Three-Way Handshake

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-2 Three-Way Handshake Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment).

  • Page 128: Figure 10-4 Smurf Attack

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 2-b In a LAND Attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.

  • Page 129: Stateful Inspection

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 10-3 Legal NetBIOS Commands MESSAGE: REQUEST: POSITIVE: NEGATIVE: RETARGET: KEEPALIVE: All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables. Table 10-4 Legal SMTP Commands AUTH DATA EHLO ETRN EXPN...

  • Page 130: Stateful Inspection Process

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Denies all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN. Figure 10-5 Stateful Inspection The previous figure shows the ZyWALL’s default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works. User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed.

  • Page 131: Stateful Inspection And The Zywall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. The packet is inspected by a firewall rule to determine and record information about the state of the packet's connection. This information is recorded in a new state table entry created for the new connection.

  • Page 132: Tcp Security

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The ability to define firewall rules is a very powerful tool. Using custom rules, it is possible to disable all firewall protection or block all access to the Internet. Use extreme caution when creating or deleting firewall rules. Test changes after creating them to make sure they work correctly.

  • Page 133: Upper Layer Protocols

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway little tracking information. For instance, ICMP redirect packets are never allowed in, since they could be used to reroute traffic through attacking machines. 10.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols Some higher layer protocols (such as FTP and RealAudio) utilize multiple network connections simultaneously.

  • Page 134: Security In General

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.6.1 Security In General You can never be too careful! Factors outside your firewall, filtering or NAT can cause security breaches. Below are some generalizations about what you can do to minimize them. 1. Encourage your company or organization to develop a comprehensive security plan. Good network administration takes into account what hackers can do and prepares against attacks.

  • Page 135: Packet Filtering

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.7.1 Packet Filtering: The router filters packets as they pass through the router’s interface according to the filter rules you designed. Packet filtering is a powerful tool, yet can be complex to configure and maintain, especially if you need a chain of rules to filter a service.
  • Page 136 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. To selectively block/allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host/networks and outside host/networks. Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. 4. The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules.

  • Page 137: Chapter 11 Introducing The Zywall Firewall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 11 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall This chapter shows you how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall. 11.1 Remote Management and the Firewall When SMT menu 24.11 is configured to allow management from the WAN, it overrides the firewall. See the Remote Management chapter for details.

  • Page 138: Viewing The Firewall Log

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.2 - Firewall Setup The firewall protects against Denial of Service (DOS) attacks when it is active. The default Policy sets 1. allow all sessions originating from the LAN to the WAN and 2.

  • Page 139: Table 11-1 View Firewall Log

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 11-1 View Firewall Log FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost.

  • Page 141: Chapter 12 Using The Zywall Web Configurator

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 12 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator This chapter shows you how to configure your firewall with the web configurator. 12.1 Web Configurator Login and Main Menu Screens Use the ZyWALL web configurator, to configure your firewall. To get started, follow the steps shown next.

  • Page 142: Enabling The Firewall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 12.2 Enabling the Firewall Click Advanced, Firewall, Configuration and then the Config tab. Enable (or activate) the firewall by clicking the Firewall Enabled check box as seen in the following screen. Figure 12-1 Enabling the Firewall 12.3 E-mail...

  • Page 143: Logs

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 13-4) When an event generates an alert, a message is immediately sent to an e-mail account specified by you. Enter the complete e-mail address to which alert messages will be sent in the E-mail Alerts To field and schedule times for sending alerts in the Log Timer fields in the E-mail screen (following screen).

  • Page 144: Table 12-1 E-Mail

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-1 E-mail FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Address Info Mail Server Enter the IP address of your mail server in dotted decimal notation. Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) should be able to provide this information. If this field is left blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e- mail.

  • Page 145: Smtp Error Messages

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 12.3.3 SMTP Error Messages If there are difficulties in sending e-mail the following error messages appear. Please see the Support Notes on the included disk for information on other types of error messages. E-mail error messages appear in SMT menu 24.3.1 as "SMTP action request failed. ret= ??". The “??"are described in the following table.

  • Page 146: Attack Alert

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Subject: You may edit the Firewall Alert From ZyWALL subject title Date: The date format here Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42 is Day-Month-Year. From: user@zyxel.com user@zyxel.com 1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy The date format here |forward is Month-Day-Year.

  • Page 147: Half-Open Sessions

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network. 3. The CPU power of servers in your LAN network. 4. Network bandwidth. 5. Type of traffic for certain servers. If your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy), then the default values should be reduced.

  • Page 148: Figure 12-4 Attack Alert

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. If the Blocking Time timeout is greater than 0, then the ZyWALL blocks all new connection requests to the host giving the server time to handle the present connections. The ZyWALL continues to block all new connection requests until the Blocking Time expires.
  • Page 149 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Denial of Service Thresholds One Minute Low This is the rate of new half-open sessions 80 existing half-open sessions. that causes the firewall to stop deleting half-open sessions.
  • Page 150 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Incomplete host IP address that causes the firewall to sessions. start dropping half-open sessions to that same destination host IP address. Enter a number between 1 and 250. As a general...

  • Page 151: Chapter 13 Creating Custom Rules

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 13 Creating Custom Rules This chapter contains instructions for defining both Local Network and Internet rules. 13.1 Rules Overview Firewall rules are subdivided into “Local Network” and “Internet”. By default, the ZyWALL’s stateful packet inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the local network, and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet.

  • Page 152: Security Ramifications

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. Is the intent of the rule to forward or block traffic? 3. What is the direction connection: from the LAN to the Internet, or from the Internet to the LAN? 4. What IP services will be affected? 5.

  • Page 153: Connection Direction

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Source Address What is the connection’s source address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? Destination Address What is the connection’s destination address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? 13.3 Connection Direction...

  • Page 154: Wan To Lan Rules

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections (WAN to LAN). If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it.

  • Page 155: Figure 13-3 Firewall Rules Summary - First Screen

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-3 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 13-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS General Name This is the name of the firewall rule set. Type a name to...
  • Page 156 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Default Policy Log Click this check box to log all matched rules in the ACL default set. The following fields summarize the rules you have created. Note that these fields are read only. Click the tab at the top of the box to order the rules according to that tab.

  • Page 157: Predefined Services

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.5 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Rule Config(uration) screen (see Figure 13-4) displays all predefined services that the ZyWALL already supports. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets.
  • Page 158 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION IPSEC_TUNNEL(ESP:0) This service is used by the IPSec ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol. IRC(TCP/UDP:6667) This is another popular Internet chat program. MSN Messenger(TCP:1863) Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol.
  • Page 159 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION SNMP(TCP/UDP:161) Simple Network Management Program. SNMP- Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). TRAPS(TCP/UDP:162) SQL-NET(TCP:1521) Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.

  • Page 160: Creating/Editing Firewall Rules

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.5.1 Creating/Editing Firewall Rules To create a new rule, click a number (No.) then click Edit in the last screen shown to display the following screen. Figure 13-4 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule Table 13-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule...

  • Page 161: Source And Destination Addresses

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Destination Address Click DestAdd to add a new address, DestEdit to DestAdd edit an existing one or DestDelete to delete one. DestEdit Please see the following section on adding and editing destination addresses.

  • Page 162: Figure 13-5 Adding/Editing Source And Destination Addresses

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-5 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses 13-12 Creating Custom Rules...

  • Page 163: Timeout

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-4 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular Single Address (single) IP address, a range of IP addresses (e.g., Range Address 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP...

  • Page 164: Figure 13-6 Timeout Screen

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-6 Timeout Screen 13-14 Creating Custom Rules...

  • Page 165: Table 13-5 Timeout Menu

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-5 Timeout Menu FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE TCP Timeout Values Connection Timeout This is the length of time the ZyWALL waits for a TCP 30 seconds session to reach the established state before dropping the session.

  • Page 167: Chapter 14 Custom Ports

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 14 Custom Ports This chapter covers creating, viewing and editing custom ports. 14.1 Introduction Configure customized ports for services not predefined by the ZyWALL (see Figure 13-4). For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website.

  • Page 168: Table 14-1 Custom Ports

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 14-1 Custom Ports FIELD DESCRIPTION Customized Services This is the number of your customized port. Status Indicates whether ports have already been configured or are still empty. Name This is the name of your customized port.

  • Page 169: Creating/Editing A Custom Port

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 14.2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port Click Edit in the previous screen to create a new custom port or edit an existing one. This action displays the following screen. Figure 14-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port The next table describes the fields in this screen.

  • Page 170: Table 14-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 14-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Service Name Enter a unique name for your custom port. Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP or TCP/UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box.

  • Page 171: Chapter 15 Logs

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 15 Logs This chapter contains information about using the log screen to view the results of the rules you have configured. 15.1 Log Screen When you configure a new rule you also have the option to log events that match, don’t match (or both) this rule (see Figure 13-4).

  • Page 172: Table 15-1 Log Screen

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15-1 Log Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost.

  • Page 173: Chapter 16 Example Firewall Rules

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 16 Example Firewall Rules This chapter gives examples for configuring various rules for WAN to LAN and LAN to WAN. 16.1 Examples Whenever you open a hole in the firewall to forward a service from the Internet to the local network, and NAT is also enabled, you may have to also configure a server behind NAT using SMT menu 15.2.

  • Page 174: Figure 16-1 Activate The Firewall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Activate the firewall. You may activate the firewall through the web configurator as shown next (click Configuration, the Config tab, then click the Firewall Enabled check box) or through SMT menu 21.2. You can only configure the firewall using the web configurator or CI commands (see Appendices).

  • Page 175: Figure 16-2 Example 1: E-Mail Screen

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. Go to the E-mail screen by clicking Advanced, Firewall, Configuration, then the E-mail tab. Configure the E-mail screen as follows. Enter 10.100.1.2, the IP Enter a subject for This is where the...

  • Page 176: Figure 16-3 Example 1: Configuring A Rule

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Configure your firewall rule as shown in the following screen. The default firewall blocks all Internet traffic entering our local network, but you want to create a hole for web service from the Internet.

  • Page 177: Figure 16-4 Example 1: Destination Address For Traffic Originating From The Internet

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Click DestAdd in the previous screen to configure the destination address as the IP of your server on the LAN. 10.100.1.2 is the IP of our server on the LAN (supporting FTP, HTTP,...

  • Page 178: Example 2: Small Office With Mail, Ftp And Web Servers

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 5. When you have finished configuring your rules, the Rule Summary screen should look like this. Click Apply in this screen to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL. Block packets that don’t match the rules specified below.

  • Page 179: Figure 16-6 Send Alerts When Attacked

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway A mail server with an IP of 192.168.10.2. Two FTP servers. You want FTP server 1 (IP of 192.168.10.3) to be accessible from the Internet, but FTP server 2 (192.168.10.4) may only be accessed by internal users, i.e., from the local network.

  • Page 180: Figure 16-7 Configuring A Pop Custom Port

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Now you want to restrict access to the Internet except for the HTTP proxy server and your mail server. First you need to create a custom port for POP3. POP (Post Office Protocol) is an Internet mail server protocol that provides an incoming message storage system.

  • Page 181: Figure 16-8 Example 2: Local Network Rule 1 Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Network to see the Rule Summary screen. Now click an available No. (rule number) button, then click Edit to bring up the next screen. Step 5. Click SrcAdd under the Source Address box and enter the IP address of the mail server (192.168.10.2) in the same fashion as in Figure 16-4.

  • Page 182: Figure 16-9 Example 2: Local Network Rule Summary

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7. The Rule Summary screen should look like Figure 16-9. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Click Apply to...

  • Page 183: Figure 16-10 Example: Internet To Local Network Rule Summary

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway screen. Now click on the DestAdd button under the Destination Address box and enter the IP of FTP server One (192.168.10.3). Step 9. On completing the procedure the Rule Summary for this Internet firewall rule should look like the following screen.

  • Page 184: Example 3: Dhcp Negotiation And Syslog Connection From The Internet

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 16.1.3 Example 3: DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet The following are some Internet firewall rule examples that allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL and allow a syslog connection from the Internet.

  • Page 185: Advanced Management

    Advanced Management Part IV: Advanced Management This part provides information on Filter Configuration, SNMP Configuration, System Information and Diagnosis, Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance, System Maintenance and Information and Remote Management.

  • Page 187: Chapter 18 Filter Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 18 Filter Configuration This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters. 18.1 About Filtering Your ZyWALL uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call. There are two types of filter applications: data filtering and call filtering.

  • Page 188: The Filter Structure Of The Zywall

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Call Filtering Active Data Built-in User-defined match match match Outgoing Initiate call default Call Filters Data Packet if line not up Call Filters (if applicable) Send packet and reset Idle Timer Match Match Match...

  • Page 189: Figure 18-2 Filter Rule Process

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Start Packet into filter Fetch First Filter Set Filter Set Fetch Next Fetch First Filter Set Filter Rule Fetch Next Filter Rule Next filter Next Filter Set Rule Active? Available? Available? Execute Filter Rule...

  • Page 190: Configuring A Filter Set

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port.
  • Page 191 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.1 - Filter Set Configuration Filter Filter Set # Comments Set # Comments ------ ----------------- ------ ----------------- _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0...

  • Page 192: Filter Rules Summary Menu

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.2.1 Filter Rules Summary Menu This screen shows the summary of the existing rules in the filter set. The following tables contain a brief description of the abbreviations used in the previous menus. Table 18-1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu...

  • Page 193: Configuring A Filter Rule

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-2 Rule Abbreviations Used ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION Destination Port number Offset Length Refer to the next section for information on configuring the filter rules. 18.2.2 Configuring a Filter Rule To configure a filter rule, type its number in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary and press [ENTER] to open menu 21.1.1 for the rule.

  • Page 194: Table 18-3 Tcp/Ip Filter Rule Menu Fields

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= IP Mask= Port #= Port # Comp= None...
  • Page 195 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS None Port # Comp Select the comparison to apply to the destination port in the packet against the value given in Destination: Port #.
  • Page 196 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Drop Action Not Select the action for a packet not matching the rule. Check Next Rule Matched Forward Drop Press [SPACE BAR] to select properties for fields that do not need to be typed in. When you have Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule configured, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm”...

  • Page 197: Filter Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Packet into IP Filter Filter Active? Apply SrcAddrMask to Src Addr Check Src Not Matched IP Addr Matched Apply DestAddrMask to Dest Addr Check Dest Not Matched IP Addr Matched Check Not Matched IP Protocol Matched Check Src &...

  • Page 198: Generic Filter Rule

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.2.4 Generic Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a generic filter rule. The purpose of generic rules is to allow you to filter non-IP packets. For IP, it is generally easier to use the IP rules directly.

  • Page 199: Table 18-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Filter # This is the filter set, filter rule co-ordinates, i.e., 2,3 refers to the second filter set and the third rule of that set.

  • Page 200: Example Filter

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Once you have completed filling in Menu 21.4.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel. This data will now be displayed on Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary.
  • Page 201 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press [ENTER]. Step 5. Press [ENTER] at the message [Press ENTER to confirm] to open Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary.
  • Page 202 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway When you press [ENTER] to confirm, you will see the following screen. Note that there is only one filter rule in this set. Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary # A Type Filter Rules...

  • Page 203: Filter Types And Nat

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.4 Filter Types and NAT There are two classes of filter rules, Generic Filter (Device) rules and Protocol Filter (TCP/IP) rules. Generic Filter rules act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. Protocol Filter rules act on the IP packets.

  • Page 204: Applying A Filter And Factory Defaults

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.6 Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults This section shows you where to apply the filter(s) after you design it (them). Sets of factory default filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls, and block incoming telnet, FTP and HTTP connections.
  • Page 205 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway numbers separated by commas. See the appendix on filter commands for information on the factory default NetBIOS filter. Apply your remote Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter node filters in Input Filter Sets: protocol filters...

  • Page 207: Chapter 19 Snmp Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 19 SNMP Configuration This chapter discusses SNMP for network management and monitoring. 19.1 About SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network.

  • Page 208: Figure 19-1 Snmp Management Model

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 19-1 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyWALL). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP.

  • Page 209: Supported Mibs

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 19-1 General SNMP Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent.

  • Page 210: Figure 19-2 Menu 22 - Snmp Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration SNMP: Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 0.0.0.0 Trap: Community= public Destination= 0.0.0.0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 19-2 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration The following table describes the SNMP configuration parameters.

  • Page 211: Snmp Traps

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 19.4 SNMP Traps The ZyWALL will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs: Table 19-3 SNMP Traps TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (power on).

  • Page 213: Chapter 20 System Information & Diagnosis

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 20 System Information & Diagnosis This chapter covers SMT menus 24.1 to 24.4. This chapter covers the diagnostic tools that help you to maintain your ZyWALL. These tools include updates on system status, port status, log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software.

  • Page 214: Figure 20-2 Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. In this menu, enter 1 to open System Maintenance - Status. Step 3. There are three commands in Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status. Entering 1 drops the WAN connection, 9 resets the counters and [ESC] takes you back to the previous screen.

  • Page 215: System Information And Console Port Speed

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-1 System Maintenance — Status Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Tx B/s Shows the transmission speed in Bytes per second on this port. Rx B/s Shows the reception speed in Bytes per second on this port.

  • Page 216: System Information

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.2 - System Information and Console Port Speed 1. System Information 2. Console Port Speed Please enter selection: Figure 20-3 Menu 24.2 — System Information and Console Port Speed 20.2.1 System Information System Information gives you information about your system as shown below. More specifically, it gives you information on your routing protocol, Ethernet address, IP address, etc.

  • Page 217: Console Port Speed

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-2 Fields in System Maintenance — Information FIELD DESCRIPTION IP Address This is the IP address of the ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation. IP Mask This shows the IP mask of the ZyWALL.

  • Page 218: Figure 20-6 Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log And Trace

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Select option 24 from the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Step 2. From menu 24, select option 3 to open Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace.

  • Page 219: Unix Syslog

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 20.3.2 UNIX Syslog The ZyWALL uses the UNIX syslog facility to log the CDR (Call Detail Record) and system messages to a syslog server. Syslog and accounting can be configured in Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting, as shown next.
  • Page 220 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters PARAMETER DESCRIPTION No filters are logged when this field is set to No. Filters with the individual filter Log Filter log Filter field set to Yes (Menu 21.x.x).) are logged when this field is set to Yes.

  • Page 221: Filter Log

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374 Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b Jul 19 11:29:06 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=45000028240140001f06ac12c0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b451d1430135004000077600000 3. Filter log Filter log Message Format SdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx Dst=xx.xx.xx.xx prot spo=xxxx dpo=xxxx] S04>R01mD IP[…] is the packet header and S04>R01mD means filter set 4 (S) and rule 1 (R), match (m) drop (D).

  • Page 222: Call-Triggering Packet

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP / IPXCP Jul 19 11:42:44 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:LCP Closing Jul 19 11:42:49 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:IPCP Closing Jul 19 11:42:54 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:CCP Closing...

  • Page 223: Diagnostic

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway IP Frame: ENET0-RECV Size: Time: 17:02:44.262 Frame Type: IP Header: IP Version Header Length = 20 Type of Service = 0x00 (0) Total Length = 0x002C (44) Identification = 0x0002 (2) Flags = 0x00...

  • Page 224: Wan Dhcp

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic TCP/IP Ping Host WAN DHCP Release WAN DHCP Renewal Internet Setup Test System 11. Reboot System Enter Menu Selection Number: Host IP Address= N/A Figure 20-10 Menu 24.4 — System Maintenance — Diagnostic Follow the procedure below to get to Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance –...

  • Page 225: Figure 20-11 Wan & Lan Dhcp

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 20-11 WAN & LAN DHCP The following table describes the diagnostic tests available in menu 24.4 for your ZyWALL and associated connections. Table 20-4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic FIELD DESCRIPTION Ping Host Enter 1 to ping any machine (with an IP address) on your LAN or WAN.

  • Page 227: Chapter 21 Firmware And Configuration Maintenance

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 21 Firmware and Configuration Maintenance This chapter tells you how to back up and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and a new configuration file. 21.1 Filename Conventions The configuration file (often called the romfile or rom-0) contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password, DHCP Setup, TCP/IP Setup, etc.

  • Page 228: Backup Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway you have uploaded the correct firmware version. The AT command is the command you enter after you press “y” when prompted in the SMT menu to go into debug mode. Table 21-1 Filename Conventions...

  • Page 229: Using The Ftp Command From The Command Line

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.5 - System Maintenance - Backup Configuration To transfer the configuration file to your workstation, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

  • Page 230: Gui-Based Ftp Clients

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec.

  • Page 231: Backup Configuration Using Tftp

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway • There is an SMT console session running. • The firewall is active. The default firewall policies block all traffic from the WAN, so to enable TFTP over the WAN, you must turn the firewall off (menu 21.2) or create a firewall rule to allow TFTP from the WAN.

  • Page 232: Gui-Based Tftp Clients

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway TFTP [-i] host get rom-0 config.rom where “i” specifies binary image transfer mode (use this mode when transferring binary files), “host” is the ZyWALL IP address, “get” transfers the file source on the ZyWALL (rom-0 name of the configuration file on the ZyWALL) to the file destination on the computer and renames it config.rom.

  • Page 233: Restore Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started. You can enter ctrl-x to terminate operation any time. Starting XMODEM download... Figure 21-4 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3.

  • Page 234: Restore Using Ftp Or Tftp

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FTP is the preferred methods for restoring your current computer configuration to your ZyWALL since it is faster. Please note that you must wait for the system to automatically restart after the file transfer is complete.

  • Page 235: Restore Using Ftp Session Example

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. Step 4. Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). Step 5. Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. Step 6. Find the “rom” file (on your computer) that you want to restore to your ZyWALL.

  • Page 236: Uploading Firmware And Configuration Files

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Starting XMODEM download (CRC mode) ... CCCCCCCCC Figure 21-10 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen.

  • Page 237: Firmware File Upload

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway WARNING! DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL. 21.4.1 Firmware File Upload FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client.

  • Page 238: Ftp File Upload Command From The Command Line Example

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File To upload the system configuration file, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

  • Page 239: Ftp Session Example Of Firmware File Upload

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7. Enter “quit” to exit the FTP prompt. 21.4.4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> put firmware.bin ras...

  • Page 240: Tftp Upload Command Example

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the ZyWALL. Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer. Step 5. Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the ZyWALL and the computer.

  • Page 241: Example Xmodem Firmware Upload Using Hyperterminal

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To upload System firmware: 1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode. 2. Enter "atur" after "Enter Debug Mode" message. 3. Wait for "Starting XMODEM upload" message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal.

  • Page 242: Uploading A Configuration File Via Console Port

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 21.4.10 Uploading a Configuration File Via Console Port Step 1. Select 2 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File. Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen.

  • Page 243: Figure 21-19 Example Xmodem Upload

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Send. Figure 21-19 Example Xmodem Upload After the configuration upload process has completed, restart the ZyWALL by entering “atgo”.

  • Page 245: Chapter 22 System Maintenance & Information

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 22 System Maintenance & Information This chapter leads you through SMT menus 24.8 to 24.11. 22.1 Command Interpreter Mode The Command Interpreter (CI) is a part of the main system firmware. The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT, while adding some low-level setup and diagnostic functions.

  • Page 246: Call Control Support

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ras> ? Valid commands are: exit device ether pptp config ipsec hdap ras> Figure 22-2 Valid Commands 22.2 Call Control Support The ZyWALL provides two call control functions: budget management and call history. Please note that this menu is only applicable when Encapsulation is set to PPPoE or PPTP in menu 4 or menu 11.1.

  • Page 247: Budget Management

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 22.2.1 Budget Management Menu 24.9.1 shows the budget management statistics for outgoing calls. Enter 1 from Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control to bring up the following menu. Menu 24.9.1 - Budget Management...

  • Page 248: Call History

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 22.2.2 Call History This is the second option in Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control. It displays information about past incoming and outgoing calls. Enter 2 from Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control to bring up the following menu.

  • Page 249: Figure 22-6 Menu 24 - System Maintenance

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway from an external server when you turn on your ZyWALL. Menu 24.10 allows you to update the time and date settings of your ZyWALL. The real time is then displayed in the ZyWALL error logs and firewall logs.

  • Page 250: Resetting The Time

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 22-3 Time and Date Setting Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Use Time Server Enter the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the when Bootup ZyWALL. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to check with your ISP/network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works.
  • Page 251 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway When the ZyWALL starts up, if there is a time server configured in menu 24.10. iii. 24-hour intervals after starting. System Maintenance & Information 22-7...

  • Page 253: Chapter 23 Remote Management

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 23 Remote Management This chapter covers remote management found in SMT menu 24.11. 23.1 Telnet The only way to configure the ZyWALL for remote management is through an SMT session using the console port. Once your ZyWALL is configured, you can use telnet to configure it remotely as shown next.

  • Page 254: Web

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 23.3 Web You can use the ZyWALL’s embedded web configurator for configuration and file management. See the Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator chapter for an introduction to the web configurator. 23.4 Remote Management Remote management control is for managing Telnet, Web and FTP services. You can customize the service port, access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility.

  • Page 255: Figure 23-2 Menu 24.11 - Remote Management Control

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.11 - Remote Management Control TELNET Server: Port = 23 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 FTP Server: Port = 21 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0...

  • Page 256: Remote Management Limitations

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Server Access Select the access interface (if any) by pressing [SPACE BAR], then [ENTER] to choose from: LAN only, WAN only, ALL or Disable. Only (default) The default 0.0.0.0 allows any client to use this service to remotely 0.0.0.0...

  • Page 257: System Timeout

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 23.6 System Timeout There is a system timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds) for either the console port or telnet/web/FTP connections. Your ZyWALL will automatically log you out if you do nothing in this timeout period, except when it is continuously updating the status in menu 24.1 or when sys stdio has...

  • Page 259: Call Scheduling And Vpn/Ipsec

    Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V: Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V provides information about Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec.

  • Page 261: Chapter 24 Call Scheduling

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 24 Call Scheduling Call scheduling allows you to dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. 24.1 Introduction The call scheduling feature allows the ZyWALL to manage a remote node and dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long.

  • Page 262: Figure 24-2 Schedule Set Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway To delete a schedule set, enter the set number and press [SPACE BAR] or [DELETE] in the Edit Name field. To setup a schedule set select the schedule set you want to setup from menu 26 (1-12) and press [ENTER] to see Menu 26.1 - Schedule Set Setup as shown next.
  • Page 263 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 24-1 Schedule Set Setup Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTION Once: If you selected Once in the How Often field above, then enter the date the set should activate here in year-month-date format. Date Weekday:...

  • Page 264: Figure 24-3 Applying Schedule Set(S) To A Remote Node (Pppoe)

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPPoE Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Telco Option: Service Name= N/A Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Outgoing= Period(hr)= 0 My Login= N/A...

  • Page 265: Chapter 25 Introduction To Ipsec

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 25 Introduction to IPSec This chapter introduces the basics of IPSec VPNs. 25.1 Introduction 25.1.1 VPN A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control and auditing technologies/services used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite for communication.

  • Page 266: Vpn Applications

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-1 Encryption and Decryption Data Confidentiality The IPSec sender can encrypt packets before transmitting them across a network. Data Integrity The IPSec receiver can validate packets sent by the IPSec sender to ensure that the data has not been altered during transmission.

  • Page 267: Ipsec Architecture

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-2 VPN Application 25.2 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows. Introduction to IPSec 25-3...

  • Page 268: Ipsec Algorithms

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-3 IPSec Architecture 25.2.1 IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms).

  • Page 269: Encapsulation

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 25.3 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode. Figure 25-4 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation 25.3.1 Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet. In Transport mode, the IP packet contains the security protocol (AH or ESP) located after the original IP header and options, but before any upper layer protocols contained in the packet (such as TCP and UDP).

  • Page 270: Table 25-1 Vpn And Nat

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn't match.

  • Page 271: Chapter 26 Vpn/Ipsec Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 26 VPN/IPSec Setup This chapter introduces the VPN SMT menus. 26.1 VPN/IPSec Setup The VPN/IPSec main SMT menu has three main submenus. 1. Define VPN policies in menu 27.1 submenus, including security policies, endpoint IP addresses, peer IPSec router IP address and key management.

  • Page 272: Ipsec Algorithms

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 - VPN/IPSec Setup 1. IPSec Summary 2. SA Monitor 3. View IPSec Log Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 26-2 Menu 27 — VPN/IPSec Setup 26.2 IPSec Algorithms The ESP and AH protocols are necessary to create a Security Association (SA), the foundation of an IPSec VPN.

  • Page 273: Ipsec Summary

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-1 AH and ESP Select DES for minimal security and 3DES for maximum. Select MD5 for minimal security and SHA-1 for Select NULL to set up a tunnel without encryption. maximum security. DES (default)

  • Page 274: My Ip Address

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 26.3.1 My IP Address My IP Addr is the WAN IP address of the ZyWALL. If this field is configured as 0.0.0.0, then the ZyWALL will use the current ZyWALL WAN IP address (static or dynamic) to set up the VPN tunnel. The ZyWALL has to rebuild the VPN tunnel if the My IP Addr changes after setup.

  • Page 275: Figure 26-4 Telecommuter's Zywall Configuration

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 26-4 Telecommuter’s ZyWALL Configuration Figure 26-5 Headquarters ZyWALL Configuration The Secure Gateway IP Address may be configured as 0.0.0.0 only when using IKE key management and not Manual key management. A ZyWALL with Secure Gateway Address set to 0.0.0.0 can receive multiple VPN connection requests using the same VPN rule at the same time.

  • Page 276: Figure 26-6 Menu 27.1 - Ipsec Summary

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1 – IPSec Summary # Name Local Addr Start - Local Addr End Encap IPSec Algorithm Key Mgt Remote Addr Start - Remote Addr End Secure GW Addr - ------ ----------------- --------------- ------...
  • Page 277 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Local Addr When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to 192.168.1.38 Single, this is the same (static) IP address as in the Local Addr Start field.
  • Page 278 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE field in SMT 27.1.1 to 0.0.0.0. Remote When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to 172.16.2.46 Addr End Single, this is the same (static) IP address as in the Remote Addr Start field.

  • Page 279: Ipsec Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 26.4 IPSec Setup Select Edit in the Select Command field, type the index number of a rule in the Select Rule field and press [ENTER] to edit the VPN using the menu shown next.
  • Page 280 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE My IP Addr Enter the WAN IP address of your ZyWALL. The ZyWALL uses its current 0.0.0.0 WAN IP address (static or dynamic) in setting up the VPN tunnel if you leave this field as 0.0.0.0.

  • Page 281: Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — Ipsec Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port. Type a port number from 0 to 65535. Some of the most common IP ports are: 21, FTP;...

  • Page 282: Ike Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port. Type a port number from 0 to 65535. Some of the most common IP ports are: 21, FTP;...

  • Page 283: Negotiation Mode

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 26-8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must: Choose a negotiation mode. Authenticate the connection by entering a pre-shared key. Choose an encryption algorithm. Choose an authentication algorithm.

  • Page 284: Pre-Shared Key

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Aggressive Mode is quicker than Main Mode because it eliminates several steps when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication (phase 1). However the trade-off is that faster speed limits its negotiating power and it also does not provide identity protection. It is useful in remote access situations where the address of the initiator is not know by the responder and both parties want to use pre-shared key authentication.

  • Page 285: Figure 26-9 Menu

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1.1 - IKE Setup Phase 1 Negotiation Mode= Main Pre-Shared Key= Encryption algorithm = DES Authentication algorithm = SHA1 SA Life Time (Seconds)= 28800 Key Group= DH1 Phase 2 Active Protocol = ESP...
  • Page 286 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-5 — Menu 27.1.1.1 IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encryption When DES is used for data communications, both sender and receiver must ALgorithm know the same secret key, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code.

  • Page 287: Manual Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-5 — Menu 27.1.1.1 IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Perfect Forward Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is disabled (None) by default in phase 2 None Secrecy (PFS) IPSec SA setup. This allows faster IPSec setup, but is not so secure. Press [SPACE BAR] and choose from DH1 or DH2 to enable PFS.

  • Page 288: Figure 26-10 Menu 27.1.1.2 - Manual Setup

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1.2 – Manual Setup Active Protocol= ESP Tunnel ESP Setup SPI= Encryption ALgorithm= DES Key1= Key2= N/A Key3= N/A Authentication ALgorithm= MD5 Key= N/A AH Setup SPI (Decimal)= N/A Authentication ALgorithm= N/A Key= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 26-10 Menu 27.1.1.2 —...
  • Page 289 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-7 Menu 27.1.1.2 — Manual Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Authentication Press [SPACE BAR] to choose from MD5 or SHA1 and then press ALgorithm [ENTER]. Key Enter the authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable. The key 123456789abcde must be unique.

  • Page 291: Chapter 27 Sa Monitor

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 27 SA Monitor This chapter teaches you how to manage your SAs by using the SA Monitor in SMT menu 27.2. 1.1. Introduction A Security Association (SA) is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. This menu (shown next) displays active VPN connections.

  • Page 292: Table 27-1 Menu 27.2 - Sa Monitor

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This is the security association index number. Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy. This name is Taiwan unique for each connection where the secure gateway IP address is a public static IP address.
  • Page 293 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel. SA Monitor 27-3...

  • Page 295: Chapter 28 Ipsec Log

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 28 IPSec Log This chapter interprets common IPSec log messages. 28.1 VPN Initiator IPSec Log To view the IPSec and IKE connection log, type 3 in menu 27 and press [ENTER] to display the IPSec log as shown next.

  • Page 296: Vpn Responder Ipsec Log

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 28.2 VPN Responder IPSec Log The following figure shows a typical log from the VPN connection peer. Index: Date/Time: Log: ------------------------------------------------------------ 01 Jan 08:08:07 Recv Main Mode request from <192.168.100.100> 01 Jan 08:08:07 Recv:<SA>...
  • Page 297 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Send:<Symbol><Symbol> IKE uses the ISAKMP protocol (refer to RFC2408 – ISAKMP) to transmit data. Each ISAKMP packet Recv:<Symbol><Symbol> contains payloads of different types that show in the log - see Table 28-3.

  • Page 298: Table 28-2 Sample Ipsec Logs During Packet Transmission

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION !! IKE Packet Retransmit The ZyWALL did not receive a response from the peer and so retransmits the last packet sent. !! Failed to send IKE Packet The ZyWALL cannot send IKE packets due to a network error.
  • Page 299 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-3 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPE TRANS Transform Key Exchange Identification Certificate CER_REQ Certificate Request HASH Hash Signature NONCE Nonce NOTFY Notification Delete Vendor ID IPSec Log 28-5...

  • Page 301: Troubleshooting, Appendices And Index

    Troubleshooting, Appendices, Glossary and Index Part VI: Troubleshooting, Appendices and Index This part provides Troubleshooting, followed by some Appendices and an Index.

  • Page 303: Chapter 29 Troubleshooting

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 29 Troubleshooting This chapter covers potential problems and possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem. Please see our included disk for further information.

  • Page 304: Problems With The Lan Interface

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 29.2 Problems with the LAN Interface Table 29-2 Troubleshooting the LAN Interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Can’t ping any workstation on the Check the 10M/100M LEDs on the front panel. One of these LEDs LAN.

  • Page 305: Problems With Internet Access

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 29-3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Can’t connect to a remote node or Check menu 24.1 to verify the line status. If it indicates Down, then ISP. refer to the section on the line problems.

  • Page 306: Problems With Remote Management

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway 29.6 Problems with Remote Management Table 29-6 Troubleshooting Remote Management PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Cannot access the ZyWALL Refer to the Remote Management Limitations section for scenarios when from the LAN or WAN. remote management may not be possible.

  • Page 307: Appendix A The Big Picture

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix A The Big Picture The following figure gives an overview of how filtering, the firewall, VPN and NAT are related. Diagram 1 Big Picture — Filtering, Firewall, NAT and VPN The Big Picture...

  • Page 309: Appendix B Pppoe

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix B PPPoE PPPoE in Action An ADSL modem bridges a PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) from your PC to an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) that connects to a xDSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates (see the next figure).

  • Page 310: How Pppoe Works

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway How PPPoE Works The PPPoE driver makes the Ethernet appear as a serial link to the PC and the PC runs PPP over it, while the modem bridges the Ethernet frames to the Access Concentrator (AC). Between the AC and an ISP, the AC is acting as a L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator) and tunnels the PPP frames to the ISP.

  • Page 311: Appendix C Pptp

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix C PPTP What is PPTP? PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a Microsoft proprietary protocol (RFC 2637 for PPTP is informational only) to tunnel PPP frames. How can we transport PPP frames from a PC to a broadband modem over Ethernet? A solution is to build PPTP into the ANT (ADSL Network Termination) where PPTP is used only over the short haul between the PC and the modem over Ethernet.
  • Page 312 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway PPTP is very similar to L2TP, since L2TP is based on both PPTP and L2F (Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding). Conceptually, there are three parties in PPTP, namely the PNS (PPTP Network Server), the PAC (PPTP Access Concentrator) and the PPTP user.
  • Page 313 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway PPP Data Connection The PPP frames are tunneled between the PNS and PAC over GRE (General Routing Encapsulation, RFC 1701, 1702). The individual calls within a tunnel are distinguished using the Call ID field in the GRE header.

  • Page 315: Appendix D Hardware Specifications

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix D Hardware Specifications Power Specification I/P AC 120V / 60Hz ; O/P DC 12V 1200 mA MTBF 100000 hrs Operation Temperature 0º C ~ 40º C Ethernet Specification for 10 Mbit Half Duplex for the ZyWALL 10...

  • Page 317: Appendix E Important Safety Instructions

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix E Important Safety Instructions The following safety instructions apply to the ZyWALL. 1. Be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. 2. The maximum recommended ambient temperature for the ZyWALL is 40º Celsius (104º...

  • Page 319: Appendix F Boot Commands

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix F Boot Commands The BootModule AT commands execute from within the router’s bootup software, when debug mode is selected before the main system firmware (ZyNOS) is started. When you start up your ZyWALL, you are given a choice to go into debug mode by pressing a key at the prompt shown in the following screen.
  • Page 320 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway ======= Debug Command Listing ======= just answer OK ATHE print help ATBAx change baudrate. 1:38.4k, 2:19.2k, 3:9.6k 4:57.6k 5:115.2k ATENx,(y) set BootExtension Debug Flag (y=password) ATSE show the seed of password generator ATTI(h,m,s) change system time to hour:min:sec or show current time...

  • Page 321: Appendix G Command Interpreter

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix G Command Interpreter The following describes how to use the command interpreter. Enter 24 in the main menu to bring up the system maintenance menu. Enter 8 to go to Menu 24.8 - Command Interpreter Mode. See the included disk or zyxel.com for more detailed information on these commands.

  • Page 323: Appendix H Firewall Commands

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix H Firewall Commands The following describes the firewall commands. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config edit firewall active <yes | This command turns the firewall on or off.
  • Page 324 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config display firewall ? This command shows all of the available firewall sub commands. config edit firewall e-mail mail- This command sets the IP address to which the e- server <ip address of mail server>...
  • Page 325 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config edit firewall attack block Set this command to to block new traffic after <yes | no> the tcp-max-incomplete threshold is exceeded. Set it to to delete the oldest half-open session when traffic exceeds the tcp-max-incomplete threshold.
  • Page 326 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION Config edit firewall set <set #> This command sets the time period to allow an icmp-timeout <seconds> ICMP session to wait for the ICMP response. Config edit firewall set <set #>...
  • Page 327 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION Config edit firewall set <set #> This command sets the ZyWALL to log traffic that rule <rule #> log <none | match | matches the rule, doesn't match, both or neither.
  • Page 328 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config edit firewall set <set #> This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL rule <rule #> TCP destport-range check for TCP traffic with a destination port in this <start port #> <end port #>...

  • Page 329: Appendix I Netbios Filter Commands

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix I NetBIOS Filter Commands The following describes the NetBIOS packet filter commands. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. Introduction NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN.
  • Page 330 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway The filter types and their default settings are as follows. NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT LAN to WAN This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or Forward forwarded from the LAN to the WAN. LAN to DMZ...
  • Page 331 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway sys filter netbios config 1 off Command: This command forwards LAN to DMZ NetBIOS packets Command: sys filter netbios config 2 on This command blocks IPSec NetBIOS packets Command: sys filter netbios config 3 off This command stops NetBIOS commands from initiating calls.
  • Page 332 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix J Power Adapter Specifications AC Power Adapter Specifications North America AC Power Adapter model AD48-1201200DUY Input power: AC120Volts/60Hz/0.25A Output power: DC12Volts/1.2A Power consumption: 10 W Plug: North American standards Safety standards: UL, CUL (UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No.234-M90)
  • Page 333 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Plug: European Union standards Safety standards: TUV, CE (EN 60950) AC Power Adapter model AD-1201200DK Input power: AC230Volts/50Hz/0.2A Output power: DC12Volts/1.2A Power consumption: 10 W Plug: United Kingdom standards Safety standards: TUV, CE (EN 60950, BS7002)

  • Page 335: Index

    ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Index Call Scheduling..........24-1 Action for Matched Packets ......13-11 maximum number of schedule sets.... 24-1 Activate The Firewall........16-3 PPPoE ............24-3 Alert Schedule..........12-4 Precedence ..........24-1 Application-level Firewalls......10-1 Precedence Example ....See Precedence Applications for the ZyWALL 50....
  • Page 336 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Custom Ports DYNDNS Wildcard..........4-2 Creating/Editing......... 14-3 Introduction ..........14-1 E-mail Customer Support ..........vii Log Example ..........12-5 Customized Services........14-2 Mail Server ..........12-4 Mail Subject ..........12-4 DDNS Tab..............12-3 Configuration..........4-3 E-mail Alerts ..........12-4 Default Policy Log......... 13-6 E-mail Screen ..........16-4...
  • Page 337 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Filters Rule To Allow Web Service From The Internet ............... 16-1 Executing a Filter Rule ......18-2 Services............13-7 Logic Flow of an IP Filter......18-10 SMT Menus ..........11-1 Firewall Types ............10-1 Access Methods .........
  • Page 338 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem ..1-4 Logs..............15-1 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority .. See IANA Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ... 10-6 MAC Address......... 4-5, 29-2 Internet Security Gateway ........i Mail Server .............12-4 IP address..........
  • Page 339 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Rear Panel..........2-2, 2-3, 2-4 One Minute High ........... 12-9 Related Documentation........ xxxiii One Minute Low ..........12-9 Relay..............5-6 One-Minute High ........... 12-7 Remote Management Online Registration ..........vi Firewall............11-1 Remote Management Limitations....23-4 Packet Filtering ..........
  • Page 340 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Source and Destination Addresses... 13-11 MIBs............19-3 Summary............ 13-4 SNMP ( Simple Network Management Protocol) ..............1-2 Timeout............ 13-13 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ..............19-1 SA Monitor ............ 27-1 Source & Destination Addresses ....13-11 Safety Instructions ..........K Source Address........
  • Page 341 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway TCP Security..........10-10 UNIX Syslog ..........20-7 TCP/IP ... 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-7, 7-7, 7-10, 10-3, 10-4, Upload Firmware ......... 21-10 18-7, 18-8, 18-10, 18-13, 18-17, 23-1 Upper Layer Protocols ...... 10-10, 10-11 TCP/IP filter rule..........18-7 Teardrop............
  • Page 342 ZyWALL 10/10 II/50 Internet Security Gateway Introduction ..........10-2 Index...

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