Use; Woodworking Chisels And How To Use Them; Cutting And Scraping; How To Position Tool Rest For Circumference Cutting - Craftsman 113.228162 Owner's Manual

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INGCH|SELs AND HOW TO USE THEN
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PARTING TOOL
iBe_ ch+s+iS ha_e bandies approximately
l O-in. t+ongo to
pt-oVide plenty Ofgripand leverage, sharp tools a re ess ent ia |
for Clean+ eas+y work buy tools that will take and hold
keen edges
THEORYOF TURNING
CUTTING CHISEL SCRAPING CHISEL
The Two Classes of Chisels
Theseare: 1} Chisels intended primarily for cutting, a nd 2)
chisels used only for scraping: The cutting chisels are the
gouge, :skew and parting tool. These are the most used.
They are com monly sharpened to a razor edge by honing on
both sicles_ The scraping chisels are the flatnose, round
nose and spear point. These are not honed on the flat sides
-- the wire edges produced by grinding are left on to aid i n
the scraping process.
To cut, the chisel is held so that the sharp edge actually d_gs
into the revolving work to peel off shavings. To scrape. _he
chisel is held at a right angle to the work surface, and
removes fine particles instead of shavings. Ma ny operations
require that the cutting chisels be used for scraping; bu_
scraping chisels are practically never used for cutting:.
Scraping dulls a chisel much faster, especially the razor
sharp cutting chisels. Cutting is faster than scraping and
produces a smoother finish which requires less sanding.
However. it is far more difficult to master. Scraping, on the
other hand. is far more precise a nd easier to control.
___SCR_P_
SPEAR P0tNT FLAT NOSE
USED CHISEL TYPES
ROUND NOSE
When You Can Cut, and When You Must Scrape
There are two different approaches to the work when
turning, One approach is toward a circumference of the
workpiece (fore×ample, turning down the outer surface of a
cylinder or the inner wall of a hollow round box.) in this
approach, the surface being turned travels under the chise_
edge tike an endless belt. The second approach is toward
the diameter of a workpiece (as when turning the face of a
faceplate turning, or the side of a large shoulder on a
spindle turning), In this approach the surface being turned
rotates like a disc under the chisel edge, Sometimes the
approach will be a combmat+on of both,
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_---_,vCI RCUM FER ENCE
"-....J/ _ APPROACH_
DIAMETER .... 1t
APPROACH
Either a cutting or scraping action can be used when the
approach =s toward a circumference -.- the shaving is
removed tike a _eeling from a potato_ Scraping, only, can be
used when the approach is toward a diameter, The reason
is obvious when you consider that faceplate turning practi +
cally always req u_res removal of wood across the grain.
Wood does not peel easily across the grain, and attempts to
use cutting methods will likely result in damage to the work
and throwing of the chisei by the work.
it follows that a cutting action is used for the genera_ run of
spindle turning operations , + . while the major part of a
facep_ate turning is done by the scraping method, When a
combination approach is to be used+ you will have to judge,
by me feel of the work. when to stop cutting and start
scraping Never try to cut when it becomes difficult to hold
the chisel against the roughness of the wood grain.
How to Position Tool Rest for Circumference Cutting
When cutting, the object ia to pierce the outer skin of wood
to a ceGa_n desired depth, then to hold the chisel steady,
with the bevel edge paral;et to the work circumference, so
that it will peel off a shaving at this desired depth. The on+y
sure method of holding the chisel steady is to rest the bevel
against the work. as shown in sketch 1. When the toot rest
is at the proper height (sketch t ), the chisel ca n be held with
the bevel pressed against the work, and the tool rest will act
as a fulcrum to support the chisel against the downward
force of the revolving work,
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