Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Epson Printer Interface Cartridge for the Apple IIc
Summary of Contents for Epson Printer Interface Cartridge for the Apple IIc
- Page 1 ® EPSON Printer Interface Cartridge for the Apple ® Operation Manual...
- Page 2 While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, Epson Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Contents Introduction ........Installation and Operation ..... . Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge . - Page 4 Print Enhancements and Special Characters ......Emphasized Mode ......Double-Strike..
- Page 5 Appendixes LX-90 Characters ......Draft Mode ........NLQ Mode .
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Page 6: Introduction
The other chapters explain the main fea- tures of the LX-90, and the appendixes give technical information on the printer. Note Although all references in this manual are to the Epson LX-90 printer, this PIC can also be used with the Epson HomeWriter™-10. -
Page 7: Installation And Operation
Chapter Installation and Operation After you have set up your printer and loaded the paper (following the directions in the LX-90 you are ready to plug in User’s Manual), your Printer Interface Cartridge (PIP) and begin printing. Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge Inserting the PIC is easy. - Page 8 Now that the PIC is installed, you need to change the settings of three small switches, called DIP switches, in the back of the printer. Figure l-2 shows where the DIP switches are. Figure 1-2. DIP switch location The functions of these switches are explained in detail in Appendix D, but all that you need to do now is turn three of them on.
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Page 9: Printing The Self Test
Printing the Self Test It’s time to see the LX-90 in action. You’ll start with a self test. Don’t connect the printer to your computer yet-just follow these steps: 1. Make sure that your printer has paper in it and that the power switch (on the right side of the printer) is off. -
Page 10: Control Panel
Control Panel After connecting your LX-90 to your computer system, turn on the printer and look at the control panel, which is shown in Figure l-4. Figure l-4. Control panel You have already used the control panel for a special purpose, printing the self test. -
Page 11: Using Your Printer
The other two buttons, FF and LF work only when the printer is off line (when the ON LINE light is off). If the ON LINE light is on, press the ON LINE button before you use these. FF (Form Feed)-advances continuous paper to the top of the next page or ejects a single sheet of paper. - Page 12 You can now begin using the LX-90 with your software, or you can find out about the special features of the printer in the next chapters. You may be especially interested in SelecType, the feature described in Chapter 2, which you can use with nearly all software.
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Page 13: Selectype
Chapter 2 SelecType The LX-90 enables you to use a feature called SelecType to produce five special typestyles: Typewriter-style Near Letter Quality, Emphasized bold printing, D o u b l e - s t r i k e b o l d p r i n t i n g , Compressed narrow printing, o r E l i t e p r i n t i n g . -
Page 14: Selecting Typestyles
When you press the ON LINE and FF buttons, the LX-90 signals in three ways that SelecType is on: the printer beeps, the READY light turns off, and the ON LINE light begins flashing. Selecting Typestyles In SelecType, each button has a function: ON LINE selects typestyles. -
Page 15: Selectype Exercise
SelecType Exercise You will probably use SelecType mainly with commercial software, but since there are so many different commercial software programs, the sample exercises are in BASIC because every IIc is equipped with this programming language. You don’t need to know anything about programming for this exer- cise because it is merely for practice. -
Page 16: Mode Combination
Now that you have selected the emphasized mode, push the FF button once to set it. 5. Push the LF button once to return the panel to its standard opera- tion. 6. Press the ON LINE button so the is ready to print. LX-90 Now you have set the LX-90 to print in emphasized mode. -
Page 17: Selectypetips
Now print your sample document or run your sample program. If your printing appears in emphasized Near Letter Quality as you see here, you have successfully combined the two modes. If you get any other results, turn your printer off and back on and then try the steps again. -
Page 18: Elements Of Dot-Matrix Printing And Computer / Printer Communications
Chapter 3 Elements of Dot-Matrix Printing and Computer / Printer Communications This chapter is for those of you who want to know something about how your printer works. It’s a simple, non-technical explanation of the basics of dot-matrix printing that will help you understand some of the later chapters, particularly the ones on user-defined characters and graphics. -
Page 19: Other Pitches
Other Pitches In addition to pica, in which there are 10 characters per inch, the LX-90 can also print in other widths, or pitches. It does so by reducing the distance between pin firings. In the elite mode it prints 12 charac- ters per inch and in the compressed mode it prints slightly more than 17 characters per inch. -
Page 20: Nlq Mode
NLQ Mode The preceding examples are in the LX-90’s draft mode, but the LX-90 also has the high-quality NLQ (Near Letter Quality) mode that you have seen in previous chapters. The NLQ letters are more fully-formed than the draft letters because they are made up of many more dots, as you can see below. -
Page 21: Escape And Ascii
ESCape and ASCII The details of printer-computer communication are complex, but for most purposes all you need to know is that the computer sends a series of codes (each consisting of one or more numbers) to the printer, and the printer interprets them. Some codes tell the printer to print a character, and other codes tell it to turn on or off certain printer functions, such as emphasized or Near Letter Quality. -
Page 22: Apple Iic Pic Features
Chapter 4 Apple IIc PIC Features The next four chapters describe many of the printing features of the IIc PIC. You can read these chapters if you wish, but you may not need to. Whether or not you use the rest of this manual depends upon your expertise, your interest, and the software you plan to use. -
Page 23: How To Run Basic Programs
printer for you and all you have to know about the printer is how to turn it on and how to load paper. If you need help with the installation program for your software, see Appendix E. How to run BASIC programs . . . If you want to know just enough about BASIC to run the demonstration programs in this manual, here’s all you need. -
Page 24: Pica Printing
Pica Printing The first exercise is a simple five-line program to print a sample line of characters in pica, the standard pitch. Enter this program: PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#1" X=65 PRINT CHR$(X); 60 NEXT X: PRINT: PRINT PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#0" Now run the program. You should get the results you see below, 10 pica characters per inch. -
Page 25: Cancelling Codes
Now run the program to see the line printed in compressed mode. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_'abcdefghi Cancelling Codes As you saw in the third version of the print pitch program, you must cancel a code when you don’t want it any more. With very few exceptions, the LX-90 modes stay on until they are cancelled. -
Page 26: Pitch Comparison
you may turned on, and the current position of the print head have becomes the top-of-page setting. Some of the demonstration programs end with a reset code (Escape "@“) so that the commands from program will not inter- fere with the commands in the next one. After you run a program with a reset code in it, remember to change the top-of-page setting before you begin printing full pages. - Page 27 Enter and run the following program to see how the NLQ mode is turned on by an ESCape sequence: 5 PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#l" 10 PRINT CHR$(27);"x";CHR$(l); 20 FOR X=65 TO 105 30 PRINT CHR$(X); 40 NEXT X: PRINT 300 PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#0" ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^-‘abcdefghi Note that you use a lowercase x, not a capital X, in line Because...
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Page 28: Print Enhancements And Special Characters
Chapter 5 Print Enhancements and Special Characters Besides the pitches (pica, elite, and compressed) covered in Chap- ters 3 and 4, the LX-90 offers many other typestyles. Emphasized Mode In the emphasized mode the LX-90 prints each dot twice, with the second dot slightly to the right of the first. -
Page 29: Double-Strike
Emphasized works only in draft pica and NLQ modes. In elite and compressed the dots are already so close together that even with reduced print speed, LX-90 cannot fire, retract, and again fire pins quickly enough to print overlapping dots. You do sacrifice some print speed with emphasized, because the print head slows down to print twice as many dots, but the increase in print quality is well worth it. -
Page 30: Expanded Mode
Expanded Mode Perhaps the most dramatic mode on the LX-90 is expanded. It pro- duces extra-wide characters that are good for titles and headings. For this mode, the dot pattern of each character is expanded and twice as many dots are printed. You can see the difference between pica and expanded pica if you enter and run this program: PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#l"... -
Page 31: Underline Mode
When you run the program, your printout should match the one below, showing that the two modes combine with no trouble. This is s t a n d a r d p r i n t i n g . e x p a n d e d E m p h a s i z e d A later section in this chapter explains a special ESCape code, Mas-... -
Page 32: Master Select
Master Select The LX-90 has a special ESCape code called Master Select that allows you to choose any possible combination of seven different modes: pica, elite, compressed, emphasized, double-strike, expanded, and italic. The format of the Master Select code is ESCape ‘!” followed by a number that is calculated by adding together the values of the modes listed below: italic... -
Page 33: Superscript And Subscript
In this program, you can use any number you calculate by using the formula above, but remember that emphasized can’t combine with compressed or elite. If you try to combine emphasized with either of the two narrow pitches, you won’t harm your printer; it will simply use a priority list in its memory to determine which mode to use. -
Page 34: International Characters
Now that you see how to use the ESCape sequences for superscript and subscript, you can devise your own examples. International Characters As you know, languages other than English require a few extra characters. The LX-90 has provided for printing in many languages by having nearly international characters in its ROM (Read Only Memory). - Page 35 5-1. NLQ mode Table International characters in 5-2. Table International characters in draft mode FRANCE GERMANY DENMARK I SWEDEN ITALY SPAIN JAPAN NORWAY DENMARK II 5-3. Table International characters in draft italic mode FRANCE GERMANY DENMARK I SWEDEN ITALY SPAIN JAPAN NORWAY DENMARK II...
- Page 36 Once you have selected an international character set with the DIP switches or the ESCape “R” code, you can use the tables to see which keys on your standard keyboard can produce the international char- acters you want. Simply type the character from the top row of one of the figures in order to print the corresponding character in the row of the set you have chosen.
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Page 37: Page Formatting
Chapter Page Formatting Although the LX-90 printer has many sophisticated commands to set margins, line spacing, and horizontal and vertical tabs, this chap- ter won’t take up your time with extensive discussions of these because most are taken care of by applications programs. Instead, this chapter describes a few commands that the average user might need. -
Page 38: Skip-Over-Perforation
A program like this also allows you to choose the margins you prefer for program listings. Just remember that once you run a pro- gram that sets margins, those margins are in effect until you change them with new margin commands or turn off or reset the printer. You should be aware that a few applications programs reset the printer before each document or file they print. -
Page 39: Paper-Out Sensor
The standard line spacing is the only one you need for almost all printing of text, but in some cases you may want to increase or decrease the space between lines. The LX-90 has several commands to do this. ESCape “0” changes the line spacing to l/&inch, ESCape “1” changes the line spacing to 7/72-inch, and ESCape “2”... - Page 40 The centering command centers a line of text between the margins. This is handy for headings, titles, and captions. Right justification is the opposite of left justification. The right mar- gin is even and the left is not. Auto justification puts extra spaces between words where necessary so that both the left and right margins are even.
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Page 41: Introduction To Dot Graphics
Chapter 7 Introduction to Dot Graphics The dot graphics mode allows your LX-90 to produce pictures, graphs, charts, or almost any other pictorial material you can devise. Instead of using the standard letters and numbers, the graphics mode prints dots column by column and line by line. You plan where you want the dots to appear and then use a program to tell the LX-90 where to put them. -
Page 42: Dot Patterns
Income Statement 40000 S a l e s c o s t s P r o f i t 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 The quickest and easiest way to print graphics on your LX-90 is to use a commercial graphics program. -
Page 43: The Print Head And Graphics
The Print Head and Graphics Chapter 3 told you a little about how the print head on the LX-90 prints letters: it receives a code for a letter and then fires a pattern of pins to form that letter. In the main graphics mode, however, the LX-90 prints only one column of pins for each code it receives, and it uses only the top eight of the nine pins. -
Page 44: Graphics Mode
Graphics Mode The graphics mode command is quite different from the other com- mands covered so far in this manual. For most of the other LX-90 modes, such as emphasized and expanded, one ESCape code turns the mode on and another turns it off. For graphics, the command is more complicated because the code that turns on a graphics mode also spe- cifies how many columns it will use. - Page 45 eight pins, and you send only one number for each column. The num- bering system that allows you to use a single number to specify which of the 256 possible patterns you want is shown in Figure 7-l. Figure 7-l. labels To fire any one pin, you send its number.
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Page 46: First Graphics Program
Now that you know the principles of Epson graphics, you’re ready for two simple exercises, more densities, and then something more complex as a basis for writing your own programs. First Graphics Program Your first graphics exercise could be a program that prints a single column of dots, but it is difficult to see the pattern in a single column of dots, so your first graphics program prints the same pattern 40 times. -
Page 47: The "Z" Command
The “Z” Command Some software (including ProDOS BASIC) automatically inserts the control codes for a carriage return and a line feed after every 80 - 130 characters. This insertion is usually no problem with text, but it can spoil your graphics. In the graphics mode it may insert the control codes in the middle of a line. - Page 48 To see how more than one line combines to form a figure, enter and run the following program, which uses the lines you have already typed and adds several more. 5 PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#l" 10 PRINT CHR$(9);"Z" 20 PRINT CHR$(27);"A";CHR$(7) FOR R=l TO CHR$(0);...
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Page 49: Density Varieties
the loop is executed, the program prints lines 50 and 80 alternately so that the patterns of the print lines will fit together well. Notice that the graphics command can be in effect for only one print line. The command is in lines 40 and 70 so that it is issued each time a new print line is begun. -
Page 50: Reassigning Code
B-inch high-speed double-density row has 960 places where the LX-90 can put a dot (dot positions), but only half of them can be used on any one pass of the print head. Having twice as many possible dot posi- tions enables high-speed double-density designs to have a higher reso- lution than single-density ones even though consecutive dots are not used. -
Page 51: Poke Subroutine
POKE Subroutine Because the Apple IIc has special uses for certain low-numbered codes, such 4 and 9, you should the following subroutine in any graphics program that uses numbers below 20 decimal. 10000 IF PEEK (49305) < > 80 then 10000 49304,N 10010 POKE 10020 RETURN... - Page 52 In this figure you can see the main rules for graphic design in the three densities. In single density no dots can be placed on vertical lines. In high-speed double density, dots can be placed on vertical lines, but no dots can overlap. In low-speed double density, dots can be placed on vertical lines and they can overlap.
- Page 53 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 4 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 Figure 7-5.
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Page 54: Screen Dump Program
This program is reprinted from Epson through the kind permission of its Connection: Apple authors, W.H. Darnall and D.B. Corner. -
Page 55: Diamonds Of Randwon Program
10100 TEXT :END 60000 PAZAD% = -15935 60010 PBZAD% = -16240 60020 PDZWT% = 128 60080 REM APPLE/EPSON HI-RES SCREEN DUMP 60100 PEZLPZ = 0 :REM LOOP COUNTERS 60110 PFZLPZ = 0 60120 PGZLPZ = 0 60130 PHZLPZ = 0 60140 PIZPGl% = 8192 60150 PJZSETUP$ ="... - Page 56 When you run this program, you should get the printout below: The first part of the program creates a diamond pattern on the screen, and the subroutine that starts with line 60000 dumps the pat- tern to the printer. When it is printed, the image on the screen is rotated 90 degrees.
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Page 57: User-Defined Characters
Chapter 8 User-Defined Characters The LX-90 has several hundred different characters stored in its Read Only Memory (ROM). Although this number includes draft, Near Letter Quality, international, and graphics characters, some- times you would like to have a few more. For those occasions when you need a special character or a few letters in a different typeface, the LX-90 allows you to create as many as six characters and print them just as if they were ordinary letters. -
Page 58: Designing Process
Your user-defined characters can be utilitarian or imaginative, any- thing from a scientific symbol to script letters for your initials. Just follow the simple steps below, The only restriction on your creativity is that the characters you define must fit the design grid shown in Figure 8-l. -
Page 59: Definition Program 1
Definition program 1 The BASIC program below will help you translate your design into a character your LX-90 can print. Type it in now so that you can run it soon. 100 DIM F(9) 110 FOR I=1 TO 9 120 PRINT "WHICH ROWS HAVE DOTS IN COLUMN";I 130 INPUT R: IF R=0 THEN 150 140 F(I)=F(I)+2^(R-1) R=0 THEN NEXT I ELSE GOTO 130... -
Page 60: Running The Program
Running the program Now run the program. For each of the nine columns, the program asks for the numbers of the rows in which you want dots to appear. Enter the row numbers one at a time, pressing the RETURN key after each one. -
Page 61: Definition Program 2
Definition program 2 Once the character looks right, type in the next program. The pro- gram as listed creates the symbol for Mercury, but you can use it for any characters you create if you make one or two changes explained after the program listing. -
Page 62: Running The Program 2
Running the program When you run this second program, it prints six characters, then re- defines some or all of them and prints them again, as in the example below. < > ? ¥ > ? When printed by your own program, the two lines provide you with a key to the characters your LX-90 will now print. -
Page 63: Lx-90 Characters
Appendix A LX-90 Characters This appendix is a listing of the characters produced by the decimal codes from through For each code the listing provides the deci- 255. mal number (Dec), the hexadecimal number (Hex), and a printout of the character that is printed by that code (Char). If the code does not produce a printable character, the word none or the abbreviation for its control code is in the Char column. - Page 64 Draft Mode Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 96 60 20 blank 64 40 33 21 none 97 61 a 34 22 " 66 42 98 62 none none 35 23 67 43 99 63 c none 36 24 68 44...
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Page 65: Draft Mode
Draft Mode Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 128 80 160 A0 blank 192 CO @ 224 EO 161 A1 225 E1 129 81 none 193 C1 130 82 none 162 A2 ” 194 C2 B 226 E2 227 E3 163 A3 #... -
Page 66: Nlq Mode
NLQ Mode Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 64 40 96 60 20 blank 65 41 97 61 none 33 21 66 42 98 62 none 34 22 " 67 43 99 63 none 35 23 68 44 100 64... - Page 67 NLQ Mode Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 224 EO 128 80 160 A0 blank 192 CO @ 193 C1 A 161 A1 225 E1 129 81 none 194 C2 B 226 E2 b 162 A2 ”...
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Page 68: B-L
Appendix B Software Commands in Numerical Order The following list shows the control codes and ESCape sequences that the LX-90 uses along with their decimal values. For further details on their use, consult the index to find out where they are discussed in the text, or Appendix C for details of the correct syntax for their use. - Page 69 Select Vertical Tab Channel ..C-17 ESC / Select l/B-Inch Line Spacing ..C-13 ESC 0 Select 7/72-Inch Line Spacing ..C-13 ESC 1 Select l/&Inch Line Spacing .
- Page 70 Select Vertical Tabs in Channels ..C-17 ESC 98 ESC b Set Horizontal and Vertical Tabs ..C-18 ESC 101 ESC e Print Spaces or Line Feeds ..C-18 ESC 102 ESC f Set Left Margin .
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Page 71: Command Summary
Appendix C Command Summary This appendix describes all the Apple IIc PIC control codes. They are divided into these categories: Near Letter Quality (NLQ) Character Width (Pitch) Print Enhancement Page Formatting Graphics User-Defined Characters Other Codes Each command has a format section and a comment section. The format section gives the ASCII, decimal, and hexadecimal codes for the command. - Page 72 In BASIC you can send the command to set the right margin to 60 in three ways: Decimal : PRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(81);CHR$(60) Hex: PRINT CHR$(&H1B);CHR$(&H51);CHR$(&H3C) Decimal with quotes: PRINT CHR$(27);"Q";CHR$(60) ESCape sequences that require a 0 or with a letter, such as ESC “Wl”...
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Page 73: Near Letter Quality Mode
Near Letter Quality Mode Select NLQ or draft ESC x Format: ASCII code: Decimal : ( n ) Hexadecimal: Comments: n = 0 selects draft mode n = 1 selects Near Letter Quality (NLQ) mode NLQ Justification ESC a Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal :... -
Page 74: Character Width (Pitch
Character Width (Pitch) Select Compressed Mode Format: A S C I I c o d e : S I Decimal : Hexadecimal: CTRL 0 Control: Comments: Compressed mode has 17.16 characters per inch. Not available NLQ. Select Compressed Mode ESC SI Format: ASCII code: Decimal:... - Page 75 Select Expanded Mode (one line) Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: CTRL N Control: Comments: Doubles the width of all characters. It can be cancelled by a carriage return, DC4, ESC W0 or ESC !. Select Expanded Mode (one line) ESC SO Format: ASCII code: Decimal:...
- Page 76 Select/Cancel Expanded Mode ESC W Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Expanded mode doubles the width of all characters. n = 1 selects the mode n = 0 cancels it Select Elite Pitch ESC M Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: Elite pitch has 12 characters per inch.
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Page 77: Print Enhancement
Print Enhancement Select Emphasized Mode ESC E Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: Comments: In emphasized each dot is printed twice, with the second dot slightly to the right of the first. Reduces print head speed. Valid only in pica mode. Cancel Emphasized Mode ESC F Format:... - Page 78 Cancel Double-Strike Mode ESC H Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Turns off the mode selected by ESC G. Select Superscript ESC SO Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: Comments: Selects superscript mode. Select Subscript ESC Sl Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments:...
- Page 79 Select/Cancel Underlining ESC - Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: ( n ) Comments: n = 1 selects underlining n = 0 cancels it. Master Select ESC ! Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: ( n ) Comments: Selects any valid combination of the following modes: pica, elite, compressed, emphasized, double-strike, expanded, italic, under- line.
- Page 80 Cancel Italic Mode ESC 5 Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Cancels the mode selected by ESC 4. Select an International Character Set ESC R Format: ASCII code: Decimal: ( n ) Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: See Chapter 5 for details on this command. Select Special Graphics Characters ESC m Format:...
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Page 81: Page Formatting
Page Formatting Margins Set Right Margin ESC Q Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: Comments: Sets the right margin. Also cancels all text in the print buffer. The range of n is shown below: 2-80 in pica in elite 3-96 4-137 in compressed in compressed elite 4-160... -
Page 82: Line Spacing
Select Skip-Over-Perforation ESC N Format: ASCII code: Decimal: 7 8 ( n ) Hexadecimal : Comments: The variable n is the number of lines skipped between the last line printed on one page and the first line on the next page. For example, with the standard settings for line spacing and page length (66 lines) ESC N 6 will cause the LX-90 to print 60 lines and then skip 6. - Page 83 Select l/&Inch Line Spacing ESC 0 Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Sets the line spacing to l/8 of an inch for subsequent line feed com- mands. The "0" is the digit zero and not ASCII code 0. Select 7/72-Inch Line Spacing ESC 1 Format: ASCII code:...
- Page 84 Select n/216-Inch Line Spacing ESC 3 Format: ASCII code: Decimal: 5 1 ( n ) Hexadecimal: Comments: Sets the line spacing to of an inch for subsequent line feed n/216 commands. The is the digit three and not ASCII code "3"...
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Page 85: Form Feed And Page Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tabs
Form feed and page length Form Feed Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: OC CTRL L Control: Comments: Prints the data in the print buffer and advances the paper to the top of the next page according to the current page length. Select Page Length in Lines ESC C Format:... - Page 86 Tabs Tab Horizontally Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: 09 CTRL I Control: Comments: Advances the print position to the next horizontal tab setting. Set Horizontal Tabs ESC D Format: (n1) (n2) ASCII code: (n1) (n2) Decimal : (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: Comments: This command allows setting of up to 32 horizontal tabs.
- Page 87 Select Vertical Tabs ESC B Format: B (n1) (n2) . . . ASCII code: 66 (n1) (n2) . . . Decimal: (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: Comments: Sets up to 16 vertical tabs in the current line spacing. Tab settings are not affected by subsequent changes in line spacing. Terminate this tab sequence with 0 or a number less than that of the last tab.
- Page 88 Set Horizontal and Vertical Tabs ESC e Format: ASCII code: (n1) (n2) (n1) (n2) Decimal : (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: Comments: Sets horizontal and vertical tab increments. Horizontal format when nl = 0. In BASIC: CHR$(27);“eO”;CHR$(n) where n is the number of spaces and equals: 0 - 21 in pica, 0 - 25 in elite, 0 - 36 in compressed.
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Page 89: Graphics
Graphics Note: See Chapter 7 for sample graphics programs. Select Single-Density Graphics Mode ESC K Format: ASCII code: (n1) (n2) (n1) (n2) Decimal : (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: Comments: Turns on single-density graphics mode with 480 possible dots per 8-inch line. If d is the total number of columns required, d MOD 256 n1 =... - Page 90 Select High-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode ESC Y Format: ASCII code: (n1) (n2) (n1) (n2) Decimal : (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: Comments: Turns on high-speed double-density graphics mode with 960 possi- ble dot positions per 8-inch line. Will not print consecutive dots in a row.
- Page 91 Select Graphics Mode ESC * Format: ASCII code: (n1) (n2) Decimal : (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: (n1) (n2) Comments: Turns on graphics mode m. See Chapter 7 for details on the 7 modes available. If d is the total number of dots required, nl = d MOD 256 n2 = INT(d / 256) This command must be followed by d data numbers.
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Page 92: User-Defined Characters
User-Defined Characters Note: See Chapter 8 for sample programs and further information. Define User-Defined Characters ESC & Format: & NUL (d1) (d2) . . . ASCII code: (dn) (d1) (d2) . . . Decimal: (dn) 00 (d1) (d2) . . . Hexadecimal: (dn) Comments:... -
Page 93: Other Codes
Other Codes Beeper Format: ASCII code: Decimal : Hexadecimal: 07 CTRL G Control: Comments: Sounds the printer’s beeper. Backspace Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: 08 CTRL H Control: Comments: Prints out data in the print buffer, then moves the print position one space to the left. - Page 94 Select Printer Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: CTRL Q Control: Comments: Returns the printer to the on-line mode if it has been switched off by the printer deselect code, DC3. It will not switch the printer on-line if it has been switched off using the ON LINE switch on the control panel.
- Page 95 Cut Sheet Feeder Control ESC EM Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Used with the optional cut-sheet feeder. When n = 0 the feeder is turned off, when n = 4 it is turned on. Using DIP switch l-3 pro- duces the same effect.
- Page 96 Select Unidirectional Mode (one line) ESC < Format: ASCII code: < Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Selects unidirectional printing for more accurate positioning during text printing for one line only. It is cancelled by a carriage return. Initialize Printer ESC @ Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal:...
- Page 97 Select Half-Speed Mode ESC s Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: n = 1 selects the mode n = 0 cancels it. Delete Character Format: ASCII code: Decimal: Hexadecimal: Comments: Removes the last text character in the print buffer but does not affect control codes.
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Page 98: Dip Switches And Interface
Appendix D DIP Switches and Interface Several tiny switches called DIP (for Dual In-Line Package) switches are in the back of your LX-90 printer. These switches control a number of important printer functions. This appendix also describes the interface. DIP Switches The design of the LX-90 gives you easy access to the switches, which you can locate using Figure D-l. - Page 99 Always turn the power OFF (with the switch on the right side of the printer) before you change the setting of any of these switches. Any changes made while the power is on will be ignored until you turn the printer off and back on.
- Page 100 1-5 controls the paper-end detector. When it is ON, the detec- Switch tor is inactive, causing printing to continue when the printer is out of paper. When it is OFF, the printer stops when the end of the paper passes the paper-end detector. See Paper Out Sensor in Chapter select the international character set as Switches 7-6, 1-7,...
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Page 101: Interface
Interface The IIc PIC uses an interface compatible with the Apple IIc serial port. It is asynchronous serial with 8-bit data, DTR protocol, and 9600 bps transmission rate. -
Page 102: Troubleshooting And Advanced Features
When the program asks you the name or type of printer you are using, select of the following from the menu. The ones at the top of the list are preferable to the ones at bottom. Epson IIc PIC Epson LX-90 Epson HomeWriter- Epson FX Epson RX... -
Page 103: Selectype Features And Solutions
SelecType Features and Solutions This section explains why SelecType does not work with some soft- ware and how to cancel modes with SelecType. Reset codes Some software sends a reset code before it begins printing. This cancels any SelecType settings. If you find that SelecType does not change your printing, the reset code is probably the reason. -
Page 104: Cancelling Modes
Select subscript from the printer codes menu but enter the codes to turn NLQ on and off when you are asked to supply the codes for subscript beginning and ending. For the code to turn on NLQ, type and for the code to turn NLQ off, type x 0. -
Page 105: Printing On Self-Adhesive Labels
Suppose that you have set emphasized and NLQ Modes and then you decide that you don’t want emphasized. You can either cancel all the modes and reset NLQ, or you can use the following steps to cancel emphasized and leave NLQ. 1. -
Page 106: Problem Codes
If the printer beeps and stops printing when it is not out of paper, turn the printer off and check to see if the paper is loaded correctly. If the paper is loaded correctly, turn the printer back on and try to print again. - Page 107 Because some applications programs require the use of the eighth bit, the Apple IIc PIC has a setting (DIP switch 2-2 ON) which does not change the eighth bit. This allows you to use numbers between decimal in your graphics programming, but because the CHR$ function in Applesoft BASIC cannot send a code above decimal, you must use a POKE command to send such codes.
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Page 108: Graphics
Or you can reassign the special use by putting the following line near the beginning of your program: 10 PRINT CHR$(9);CHR$(1) Until you reassign the CHR$(9) code by one of these methods, you cannot use it for horizontal tabbing. Graphics There are two common sources of problems with graphics pro- grams in BASIC: Unwanted codes for carriage returns and line feeds may be inserted... - Page 109 code is for a printable character, that character is printed. If the code is for a non-printable character, such as the ESCape code or the code for a line feed or carriage return, a dot is printed. Therefore, if you ran the following BASIC program while your LX-90 was in the data dump mode, you would get the printout below it.
- Page 110 A data dump printout of a program shows exactly what the printer is receiving, regardless of what the computer is sending. The following program run in the data dump mode can show how the Apple IIc and ProDOS BASIC handle certain codes. PRINT CHR$(4);"PR#1"...
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Page 111: Index
INDEX American Standard Code for Information Interchange. See ASCII AppleWorks, E2 Applications programs. See Commercial software ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 18 codes listed for all characters, A2-A5 Automatic test. See Self test Automatic line feed, D3 BASIC programs, how to run, 20 Beeper, D3, E3-E5 Bits. - Page 112 Data dump mode, E7-E9 Diamonds of Randwon program, 51-53 DIP switches, 4, D1-D3 Dot graphics. See Graphics Dot matrix printing, 15-17 Double-strike mode, Can also be set with SelecType Dumping data in hexadecimal, E7-E9 Eighth-bit control, D3, E5-E7 Elite mode, 16, 21, 24 Can also be set with SelecType Emphasized mode, 25-26...
- Page 113 Head. See Print head Hex dumping. See Data dump mode HomeWriter-10, Installation. See Commercial software Interface, D4 International characters, 31-33, D3 Justification with NLQ, 37-38 Left margin. See Margins LF. See Control panel, Line feed Line feed, 36 automatic, DIP switch setting for, D3 Line spacing, 36-37 Listing programs, 7 Margins, 35-36...
- Page 114 ON LINE light and button, 6-7 See also SelecType Page, top of, 23 Page formatting, 35-38 Panel buttons, selecting typestyles with. See SelecType Paper length, D2 PAPER-OUT light, 6 Paper-out sensor, 37 DIP switch control of, D3 Perforation. See Skip-over-perforation PIC.
- Page 115 Screen dump program, 51-53 SelecType feature, 9-13 cancelling functions with, E2-E4 troubleshooting, E2-E4 Self-adhesive labels, E4 Self test, 5 Single-sheet printing, 37 Skip-over-perforation, 36 Spacing. See Line spacing Special graphics characters, Cl0 Spreadsheets. See Commercial software Subscript mode, 30-31 Superscript mode, 30-31 Switches.
- Page 116 This warranty does not apply if the Epson label or logo, or the rating label or serial number, has been removed from your Epson product, or if, in the sole opinion of Epson, your Epson product has...