Related Manuals for GE P645
Summarization of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter Overview
Provides general information about the technical manual and an introduction to the device.
Product Scope
Details the range of MiCOM P64x devices and their protection functions.
Features and Functions
Lists the protection and control functions offered by the P64x range.
Chapter 2 Safety Information
Chapter Overview
Provides information about the safe handling of the equipment.
Health and Safety
Outlines personnel qualifications and safety practices.
Installation, Commissioning and Servicing
Covers lifting hazards, electrical hazards, UL/CSA/CUL, fusing, and equipment connections.
Chapter 3 Hardware Design
Chapter Overview
Provides information about the product's hardware design.
Hardware Architecture
Describes the main components and data flow within the device.
Front Panel
Describes the components of the front panel, including LCD, keypad, ports, and LEDs.
Rear Panel
Details the rear panel layout, slot allocations, and terminal block types.
Boards and Modules
Lists and describes the various PCBs and subassemblies used in the product.
Chapter 4 Software Design
Chapter Overview
Describes the software design of the IED.
Software Design Overview
Categorizes device software into system, platform, and protection/control layers.
System Level Software
Details the real-time operating system and system services software.
Platform Software
Explains the functions of the platform software, including record logging, settings database, and interfaces.
Protection and Control Functions
Describes the processing of protection elements and measurement functions.
Chapter 5 Configuration
Chapter Overview
Introduces configuration parameters and methodology for the product series.
Using the HMI Panel
Explains how to navigate menus, change settings, and use function keys via the HMI.
Configuring the Data Protocols
Details configuration steps for various communication protocols like Courier, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-103, MODBUS, and IEC 61850.
Date and Time Configuration
Describes how to configure time zone compensation and daylight saving time.
Phase Rotation
Explains how to configure phase sequence and CT/VT reversal settings.
Chapter 6 Transformer Differential Protection
Chapter Overview
Introduces transformer differential protection principles, implementation, harmonic blocking, and application notes.
Transformer Differential Protection Principles
Explains the principles of transformer differential protection, including through fault stability and bias current compensation.
Implementation
Details how to define the power transformer, select current inputs, phase, ratio, and zero sequence filtering.
Harmonic Blocking
Explains 2nd and 5th harmonic blocking for overfluxing and magnetising inrush conditions.
Application Notes
Provides setting guidelines for various transformer applications and examples.
Chapter 7 Transformer Condition Monitoring
Chapter Overview
Outlines the functions for thermal overload protection, loss of life statistics, through fault monitoring, RTD, and CLIO protection.
Thermal Overload Protection
Explains thermal overload implementation, thermal model, and application notes.
Loss of Life Statistics
Details loss of life implementation, calculations, and application notes.
Through Fault Monitoring
Covers through fault monitoring implementation, logic, and setting guidelines.
RTD Protection
Describes RTD protection implementation, logic, and setting guidelines.
CLIO Protection
Explains current loop input/output implementation and setting guidelines.
Chapter 8 Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Chapter Overview
Describes Restricted Earth Fault functionality, principles, logic diagrams, and applications.
REF Protection Principles
Explains the principles of REF protection for delta and star windings.
Restricted Earth Fault Protection Implementation
Details enabling REF protection and selecting current inputs.
Second Harmonic Blocking
Explains the second harmonic blocking logic for REF.
Application Notes
Provides setting guidelines for REF protection, including biased operation, scaling factors, and dual CB applications.
Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions
Chapter Overview
Describes operation of current protection functions, including principles, logic diagrams, and applications.
Overcurrent Protection Principles
Explains overcurrent protection principles, including IDMT characteristics and standards.
Phase Overcurrent Protection
Details phase overcurrent protection implementation, logic, and directional elements.
Voltage Dependent Overcurrent Element
Describes the voltage dependent overcurrent element implementation and logic.
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection
Explains negative sequence overcurrent protection implementation, logic, and directional elements.
Earth Fault Protection
Details earth fault protection elements, logic, and IDG curve.
Second Harmonic Blocking
Explains second harmonic blocking logic for phase and earth fault protection.
Chapter 10 CB Fail Protection
Chapter Overview
Describes the Circuit Breaker Fail Protection function, including principles, logic, and applications.
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection
Explains the importance of CBF and its general operation.
Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation
Details CBF timers and resetting mechanisms.
Circuit Breaker Fail Logic
Presents logic diagrams for CBF operation.
Application Notes
Provides setting guidelines for CB fail timers and undercurrent elements.
Chapter 11 Voltage Protection Functions
Chapter Overview
Describes voltage protection functions, including principles, logic diagrams, and applications.
Undervoltage Protection
Details undervoltage protection implementation, logic, and application notes.
Overvoltage Protection
Explains overvoltage protection implementation, logic, and application notes.
Residual Overvoltage Protection
Describes residual overvoltage protection implementation, logic, and calculations for different earthing systems.
Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection
Details negative sequence overvoltage protection implementation, logic, and application notes.
Chapter 12 Frequency Protection Functions
Chapter Overview
Describes frequency protection functions, including principles, logic diagrams, and applications.
Overfluxing Protection
Explains overfluxing protection implementation, logic, and application notes.
Frequency Protection
Details underfrequency and overfrequency protection implementation and logic.
Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control
Chapter Overview
Covers monitoring and control functionality, including event records, disturbance recorder, measurements, and input exclusion.
Event Records
Explains how GE devices record events in an event log and how to display them.
Disturbance Recorder
Describes the disturbance recorder feature for recording selected inputs and digital signals.
Measurements
Details measured and calculated quantities like currents, voltages, power, and energy.
Current Input Exclusion Function
Explains how to exclude current inputs from protection functions for specific applications.
Pole Dead Function
Describes the Pole Dead logic for determining and indicating unenergised phases.
Chapter 14 Supervision
Chapter Overview
Describes the supervision functions of the device.
Voltage Transformer Supervision
Details the VTS function for detecting AC voltage input failures.
Current Transformer Supervision
Explains the CTS function for detecting AC current input failures.
Trip Circuit Supervision
Describes the TCS schemes for supervising trip coils and trip paths.
Chapter 15 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration
Chapter Overview
Introduces PSL, digital inputs/outputs configuration, and the PSL Editor.
Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs
Explains how to configure digital inputs and outputs using settings and programmable logic.
Scheme Logic
Provides an outline of scheme logic concepts and how the scheme logic interacts with the IED.
Configuring the Opto-Inputs
Details how to configure opto-inputs, including voltage ranges, filtering, and pick-up/drop-off characteristics.
Assigning the Output Relays
Explains how to map output relays using the PSL and condition them.
Fixed Function LEDs
Describes the function of the four fixed-function LEDs on the front panel.
Configuring Programmable LEDs
Details how to configure programmable LEDs, including single-colour and tri-colour options.
Function Keys
Explains how to assign function keys to control functionality via PSL.
Control Inputs
Describes control inputs as software switches that can trigger PSL functions.
Chapter 16 Communications
Chapter Overview
Covers communication support for SCADA, SAS, and Ethernet interfaces.
Communication Interfaces
Summarizes standard and optional communication hardware and protocols.
Serial Communication
Details EIA(RS)232, EIA(RS)485, and K-Bus physical layer standards.
Standard Ethernet Communication
Explains Ethernet interface for IEC 61850, DNP3, and remote configuration.
Redundant Ethernet Communication
Discusses redundancy requirements and supported protocols like PRP, HSR, RSTP, SHP, and DHP.
Data Protocols
Details Courier, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP 3.0, and MODBUS protocols.
Read Only Mode
Explains how to enable or disable communication interfaces for read-only access.
Time Synchronisation
Describes time synchronization using IRIG-B, SNTP, and communication protocols.
Chapter 17 Cyber-Security
Chapter Overview
Discusses the need for cyber-security in substations due to increasing connectivity.
The Need for Cyber-Security
Explains cyber-security requirements and threats.
Standards
Lists standards applicable to substation cyber-security, including NERC CIP and IEEE 1686.
Cyber-Security Implementation
Details current cyber-security measures at IED and external levels.
Chapter 18 Installation
Chapter Overview
Provides information about installing the product.
Handling the Goods
Discusses requirements for receiving, unpacking, and caring for the product.
Mounting the Device
Details the different mounting methods for the device.
Cables and Connectors
Describes the type of wiring and connections to be used during installation.
Case Dimensions
Provides physical dimensions for different case sizes (40TE, 60TE, 80TE).
Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions
Chapter Overview
Outlines the chapter's content on commissioning tests and procedures.
General Guidelines
Provides general guidance for commissioning GE IEDs, emphasizing verification and safety.
Commissioning Test Menu
Describes various test facilities available in the IED's commission test menu.
Commissioning Equipment
Lists recommended, essential, and advisory test equipment for commissioning.
Product Checks
Details checks to ensure the device is undamaged, functioning correctly, and settings are applied.
Setting Checks
Explains methods for applying application-specific settings via PC or HMI.
Checking the Differential Element
Describes tests to verify the correct operation of the differential protection.
Protection Timing Checks
Details tests for verifying the timing of protection functions.
Onload Checks
Outlines tests to confirm current and voltage connections under load conditions.
Final Checks
Lists final checks to ensure correct application settings and restore the IED to service.
Chapter 20 Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Chapter Overview
Provides details on maintaining and troubleshooting Px4x and P40Agile platforms.
Maintenance
Covers maintenance checks, alarms, opto-isolators, output relays, and measurement accuracy.
Troubleshooting
Guides on identifying and resolving error messages, power-up errors, and mal-operations.
Repair and Modification Procedure
Outlines the process for returning products for repair or modification.
Chapter 21 Technical Specifications
Chapter Overview
Describes the technical specifications of the product.
Interfaces
Details the standard and optional communication interfaces.
Performance of Transformer Differential Protection and Monitoring Functions
Provides accuracy and performance parameters for transformer differential protection.
Performance of Current Protection Functions
Lists accuracy and performance parameters for various current protection functions.
Performance of Voltage Protection Functions
Details accuracy and performance parameters for undervoltage, overvoltage, and residual overvoltage protection.
Performance of Frequency Protection Functions
Provides accuracy and performance parameters for overfrequency and underfrequency protection.
Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions
Lists accuracy and performance parameters for supervision and control functions.
Measurements and Recording
Details accuracy of measurements, disturbance records, event/fault/maintenance records.
Standards Compliance
Lists compliance with relevant international standards like EMC, Safety, R&TTE, UL/CUL, ATEX, and IDMT.
Mechanical Specifications
Covers physical parameters, enclosure protection, mechanical robustness, and transit packaging.
Ratings
Specifies AC measuring inputs, current transformer inputs, and voltage transformer inputs.
Power Supply
Details auxiliary supply voltage, nominal burden, and power supply interruption characteristics.
Input / Output Connections
Describes isolated digital inputs and standard output contacts.
Environmental Conditions
Lists ambient temperature, temperature endurance, ambient humidity, and corrosive environments.
Type Tests
Details insulation, creepage distances, clearances, and high voltage withstand tests.
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Covers various EMC tests including burst, oscillatory, ESD, EFT, surge, radiated, and conducted disturbances.
Appendix A Ordering Options
Ordering Options
Provides a table of variants and their corresponding order numbers and options.
Appendix B Settings and Signals
Settings and Signals
Tables of settings, measurement data, and DDB signals for each product model.
Appendix C Wiring Diagrams
Wiring Diagrams
Contains wiring diagrams for various product configurations and options.
Need help?
Do you have a question about the P645 and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers