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Summary of Contents for EUTECH INSTRUMENTS POTASSIUM EPOXY
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL POTASSIUM ION ELECTRODE...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ......................3 Introduction ..............................3 Required Equipment..........................3 Required Solutions ...........................3 GENERAL PREPARATION......................4 Electrode Preparation ..........................4 Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ...................4 Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ....................4 MEASUREMENT..........................5 Measuring Hints ............................5 Sample Requirements..........................5 Units of Measurement ..........................6... -
Page 3: General Instructions
POTASSIUM ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Eutech Instruments Potassium Ion Electrode is used to measure potassium ions in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. Required Equipment A pH/mV meter or an ion meter, either line operated or portable. -
Page 4: General Preparation
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode GENERAL PREPARATION Electrode Preparation Remove any rubber caps covering the electrode tips and the rubber inserts covering the filling holes of the reference electrode. Fill the combination electrode or the reference electrode with the filling solution shipped with the electrode to a level just below the fill hole. No preparation is required for a sealed reference electrode. -
Page 5: Measurement
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry. To another 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the higher value standard and 2 ml of ISA. Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. -
Page 6: Units Of Measurement
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode All samples and standards must be aqueous. They must not contain organic solvents. Interferences found in Table 3 should be absent. Units of Measurement Potassium concentrations are measured in units of parts per million as potassium, parts per million as KCl, moles per liter, or any other convenient concentration unit. -
Page 7: Direct Measurement Of Potassium (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using a pH/mV meter in the millivolt mode. The measured electrode potential in mV (linear axis) is plotted against the standard concentration (log axis). In the linear region of the curve, only three standards are necessary to determine a calibration curve. -
Page 8: Low Level Potassium Determination (Using A Standard Ph/Mv Meter)
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode Rinse the electrode tip(s) with distilled water and blot dry. Place the more concentrated solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Lower the electrode tip(s) into the solution. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the potassium standard and fix the value in the memory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading. -
Page 9: Low Level Potassium Determination (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode TABLE 2: Stepwise Calibration for Low Level Potassium Measurements Added Concentration Step Pipet Volume (ml) 1.0X10 -6 2.0X10 -6 4.0X10 -6 6.0X10 -6 9.9X10 -6 2.9X10 -5 4.8X10 -5 Pipet A = 1 ml graduated pipet Pipet B = 2 ml pipet Solutions: additions of 1.0x10 M or 100 ppm standard to 100 ml of distilled water... -
Page 10: Temperature Influences
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode Electrode drift and slow response could indicate the presence of high interference from the ions listed. Soak the electrode(s) in distilled water for an hour, then for two hours in potassium standard solution to restore proper response. TABLE 3: Concentration of Possible Interferences Causing a 10% Error at Various Levels of KCl;... -
Page 11: Electrode Response
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode TABLE 4: Temperature vs Value for the Electrode Slope Temp ( "S"(slope) 54.20 56.18 58.16 59.16 60.15 62.13 64.11 Electrode Response Plotting the electrode mV potential against the potassium concentration on semi-logarithmic paper results in a straight line with a slope of about 56 mV per decade. Refer to Figure 1. The time needed to reach 99% of the stable electrode potential reading, the electrode response time, varies from one minute or less for potassium concentration above 1.0X10 M to several minutes... -
Page 12: Ph Effects
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode pH Effects Hydrogen ion interferes with measurements of low levels of potassium ion although the electrode can be used over a wide pH range. Table 3 should be used to determine the minimum pH at which low level potassium measurements can be made without more than a 10% error due to hydrogen ion interference. -
Page 13: Troubleshooting Guide
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode The activity is related to the free ion concentration, C f , by the activity coefficient,γ ,by: X = γ C f Activity coefficients vary, depending on total ionic strength, I, defined as: I = 1/2 Σ C x Z x where: C x = concentration of ion X Z x = charge of ion X... -
Page 14: Meter
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode Meter The meter may be checked by following the checkout procedure in the instrument instruction manual. Glassware Clean glassware is essential for good measurement. Be sure to wash the glassware well with a mild detergent and rinse very well with distilled or deionized water. Clean glassware will drain without leaving water droplets behind. -
Page 15: Technique
Good Laboratory Practice has been followed. GENERAL PREPARATION ELECTRODE Refer to the instruction manual again. Reread sections CHARACTERISTICS. If trouble still persists, call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. at (65) 6778-6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department. TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Symptom Possible Causes... - Page 16 Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode Drift (reading samples and standards allow solutions to come to room slowly changing at different temperatures temperature before measurement in one direction) electrode exposed soak electrode in potassium to interferences standard incorrect reference use recommended filling solution filling solution Low Slope or standards contaminated...
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Page 17: Specifications
Instruction Manual Potassium Electrode SPECIFICATIONS Concentration Range: 1M to 1X10 (39,000 ppm to 0.04 ppm) pH Range: 2 to 12 Temperature Range: to 40 C (continuous); 40 to 50 C (intermittent) Resistance: 100 Mohms Reproducibility: ±2% Samples: Aqueous solutions only; no organic solvents Size: 110 mm length;...
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