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Summary of Contents for EUTECH INSTRUMENTS NITRATE EPOXY
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL NITRATE ION ELECTRODE...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ......................3 Introduction ..............................3 Required Equipment..........................3 Required Solutions ...........................3 GENERAL PREPARATION......................4 Electrode Preparation ..........................4 Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ...................4 Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ....................4 MEASUREMENT..........................5 Measuring Hints ............................5 Sample Requirements..........................5 Units of Measurement ..........................6... -
Page 3: General Instructions
NITRATE ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Eutech Instruments Nitrate Ion Electrode is used to measure nitrate in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. Required Equipment A pH/mV meter or an ion meter, either power line or battery operated. -
Page 4: General Preparation
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual Eutech Nitrate Standard, 100 ppm NO as N, Code No. EC-SCS-NT3-BT. To prepare this solution from your own laboratory stock, add 0.61 grams of reagent-grade sodium nitrate to a one liter volumetric flask about half full with distilled water. Swirl the flask gently to dissolve the solid. -
Page 5: Measurement
Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions. Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry. To another 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the higher value standard and 2 ml of ISA. Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. -
Page 6: Units Of Measurement
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual Interferences Interferences should be absent. If they are present, use the procedures found in the section to remove them. The pH range for the nitrate ion electrode is 2.5-11. Neutralize samples outside this range with acid or base to bring them in range. - Page 7 Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode Using the semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the mV reading (linear axis) against the concentration (log axis). Extrapolate the calibration curve down to about 1.0X10 M (1.0 ppm ). A typical calibration curve can be found in Figure 1. A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using the pH/mV meter in the millivolt mode.
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Page 8: Direct Measurement Of Nitrate (Using An Ion Meter)
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual Direct Measurement of Nitrate (using an ion meter) By serial dilution of the 0.1M or 1,000 ppm nitrate standard, prepare two nitrate standards whose concentration is near the expected sample concentration. Measure out 100 ml of each standard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 2 ml of ISA to each. -
Page 9: Low Level Nitrate Determination (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode Add 1 ml of the low level ISA to a 100 ml volumetric flask and fill to the mark with distilled water. Pour this solution into a 150 ml beaker and place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer. Begin stirring at a constant rate. -
Page 10: Interferences
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual Electrode measurements reproducible to ±2% can be obtained if the electrode is calibrated every hour. Factors such as temperature fluctuations, drift, and noise limit reproducibility. Reproducibility is independent of concentration within the electrode's operating range. Interferences Certain anions are electrode interferences and will cause electrode malfunction, drift or measurement errors if present in high enough levels. -
Page 11: Temperature Influences
Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode Temperature Influences Samples and standards should be at the same temperature, since electrode potentials are influenced by changes in temperature. A 1 C difference in temperature results in a 2% error at the 10 M level. Because of the solubility equilibrium on which the electrode depends, the absolute potential of the reference electrode changes slowly with temperature. -
Page 12: Limits Of Detection
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual Limits of Detection The upper limit of detection in pure sodium nitrate solutions is 1M. In the presence of other ions, the upper limit of detection is above 10 M nitrate, but two factors influence this upper limit. Both the possibility of a liquid junction potential developing at the reference electrode and the salt extraction effect influence this upper limit. - Page 13 Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode The activity, X, represents the effective concentration of the ions in solution. The total nitrate ion concentration, C , is the sum of free nitrate ion, C , and complexed or bound perchlorate ion, C . The electrode is able to respond to only the free ions, whose concentration is : Since nitrate ions form very few stable complexes, the free ion concentration may be equated to the total ion concentration.
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Page 14: Troubleshooting Guide
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE The goal of troubleshooting is the isolation of a problem through checking each of the system components in turn: the meter, the plastic-ware, the electrodes, the standards & reagents, the sample, and the technique. Meter The meter may be checked by following the check-out procedure in the instrument instruction manual. -
Page 15: Technique
Be sure that the electrode's limit of detection has not been exceeded. Be sure that the analysis method is clearly understood and is compatible with the sample. Refer to the instruction manual again. Reread GENERAL PREPARATION ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS. If trouble still persists, call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. at (65) 6778-6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department. - Page 16 Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Symptom Possible Causes Next Step Out of Range defective meter check meter with shorting strap Reading (see meter instruction manual) defective electrode check electrode operation electrodes not unplug electrodes and reset plugged in properly reference electrode be sure reference not filled...
- Page 17 Instruction Manual Nitrate Electrode Low Slope or standards contaminated prepare fresh standards No Slope or incorrectly made ISA not used use recommended ISA standard used as ISA use ISA electrode exposed soak electrode in to interferences nitrate standard defective electrode check electrode operation air bubble on remove bubble by...
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Page 18: Ordering Information
Nitrate Electrode Instruction Manual SPECIFICATIONS Concentration Range: 1M to 7 x 10 (6.2 x 10 to 0.5 ppm as NO pH Range: 2.5 to 11 Temperature Range: to 40 Resistance: 100 Mohms Reproducibility: ±2% Samples: aqueous solutions only no organic solvents Size: 110 mm in length;...
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