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- Page 1 Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL SILVER/SILVER SULFIDE ION ELECTRODE...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ......................3 Introduction................................3 Required Equipment..............................3 Required Solutions ..............................3 GENERAL PREPARATION ..........................5 Electrode Preparation ..............................5 Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ......................5 Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ........................6 MEASUREMENT ............................7 Measuring Hints ................................. -
Page 3: General Instructions
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. SILVER/SULFIDE ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Eutech Silver/Sulfide Ion Electrode is used to measure silver and sulfide ions in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. The two ions are virtually never present in solution together, owing to the extreme insolubility of silver sulfide. - Page 4 Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual times to mix the solution. Store the solution in a brown bottle, tightly capped, in a dark place. Eutech Silver Standard, 1,000 ppm as Ag , Code no. EC-SCS-SS2-BT. To prepare this solution from your own laboratory stock, dry reagent-grade, pulverized silver nitrate in a laboratory oven for one hour at 150 o C.
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Page 5: General Preparation
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode GENERAL PREPARATION Electrode Preparation Remove the rubber caps covering the electrode tips and the rubber insert covering the filling hole of the reference electrode. Fill the combination electrode or the reference electrode with the filling solution shipped with the electrode to a level just below the fill hole. -
Page 6: Electrode Slope Check (With Ion Meter)
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) (Check electrodes each day) Using silver standards: Prepare standard silver solutions whose concentrations vary by tenfold. Use either the 0.1M AgNO or 1,000 ppm stock solutions. Use the serial dilution method for this preparation. -
Page 7: Measurement
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Read the electrode slope according the meter manufacturer's instructions. Correct electrode TROUBLESHOOTING operation is indicated by a slope of 90-100%. See the section if the slope is not within this range. MEASUREMENT Measuring Hints All samples and standards should be at the same temperature for precise measurement. A difference of 1 C in temperature will result in about a 2% measurement error. -
Page 8: Units Of Measurement
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual Mercury cannot be present in silver samples. Since HgS and Hg S are insoluble, no mercury will be present in sulfide samples. Other interference should be absent. If they are present, use the Interference Electrode Response procedures found in the sections to remove them. -
Page 9: Direct Measurement Of Silver (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Using the semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the mV reading (linear axis) against concentration (log axis). Extrapolate the curve down to about 2.0X10 - M or 0.2 ppm. A typical calibration curve can be found in Figure 2. A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using a pH/mV meter in the millivolt mode. -
Page 10: Direct Measurement Of Sulfide (Using A Ph/Mv Meter)
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the silver standard and fix the value in the memory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading. -
Page 11: Direct Measurement Of Sulfide (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Place the most concentrated sulfide standard on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. After rinsing the electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading. Using the semi-logarithmic graph paper, plot the mV reading (linear axis) against concentration (log axis). -
Page 12: Low Level Silver Determinations (Using A Ph/Mv Meter)
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual standard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 25 ml of SAOB and 25 ml of distilled water to each. Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode. -
Page 13: Titration
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Dilute 1 ml of 0.1M standard to 1 liter to prepare a 1.0X10 M solution for measurements in moles per liter. Prepare a 10 ppm standard solution by diluting 1 ml of the 1,000 ppm standard to 100 ml of solution for measurements in ppm. -
Page 14: Titration Of Sulfide
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual Titration of Sulfide The minimum sulfide sample concentration for this method is 1.0X10 - M. The titrant to be used is a lead perchlorate standard solution. Using Eutech Lead Perchlorate Solution, 0.1M, Code No. EC-SCS-PB1-BT, prepare a lead titrant that is about 10-20 times as concentrated as the expected sample concentration by dilution. -
Page 15: Low Level Chloride Titration
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode The minimum silver sample concentration for this method is about 1.0X10 M. For halides, it is 1.0X10 Data gathered by titration of less concentrated samples can be plotted using the Gran's Plot technique. (See the chloride titration that follows.) Using Eutech Sodium Chloride Solution, 0.1M NaCl, Code No. -
Page 16: Indicator Titration
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual Add 1 ml of titrant and record the mV reading after stabilization. Repeat this operation four more times. Using Gran's Plot paper, plot the values as follows: a) The horizontal axis is the volume axis. Each major division is equal to 1 ml of titrant used. - Page 17 Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode...
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Page 18: Electrode Characteristics
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS Reproducibility Electrode measurements reproducible to ±2% can be obtained if the electrode is calibrated every hour. Factors like temperature fluctuations, drift, and noise limit reproducibility. Reproducibility is independent of concentration within the electrode's operating range. Interference A surface layer of silver metal may be formed by strongly reducing solutions. -
Page 19: Electrode Response
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode 32.1 64.1 If changes in temperature occur, the electrodes should be re-calibrated. The temperature range for Eutech Silver/Sulfide Ion Combination Electrode is 0 o -80 o C, provided that temperature equilibrium has occurred. If the temperature varies substantially from room temperature, equilibrium times up to one hour are recommended. -
Page 20: Limits Of Detection
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual If using jeweller's rouge, place a cotton ball on the table top and flatten it using the bottom of a beaker. Put 1-2 drops of distilled or deionized water in the center of the cotton pad. Add a small amount of jeweller's rouge to the damp cotton. -
Page 21: Electrode Theory
Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode ELECTRODE THEORY Electrode Operation The silver/sulfide electrode is composed of a silver sulfide crystal membrane bonded into an epoxy or glass body. When an electrode potential develops across the membrane, the membrane is in contact with a solution containing sulfide or silver ions and is capable of measuring free sulfide or silver ions. -
Page 22: Troubleshooting Guide
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual The composition of the liquid junction filling solution in the reference electrode is most important. The speed with which the positive and negative ions in the filling solutions diffuse into the sample should be as nearly equal as possible, that is, the filling solution should be equitransferent. No junction potential can result if the rate of which positive and negative charge carried into the sample solution is equal. -
Page 23: Standards And Reagents
GENERAL PREPARATION Refer to the instruction manual again. Reread the sections ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS. If trouble still persists, call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. at (65) 6778-6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department. -
Page 24: Troubleshooting Hints
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Symptom Possible Causes Next Step Out of Range defective meter check meter with Reading shorting strap (see meter instruction manual) defective electrode check electrode operation electrodes not unplug electrodes plugged in properly and reset reference electrode be sure reference not filled... - Page 25 Instruction Manual Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Low Slope or standards contaminated prepare fresh standards No Slope or incorrectly made ISA not used use recommended ISA standard used as ISA use ISA electrode exposed check section entitled Complexation to complexing agents air bubble on membrane remove bubble by re-dipping probe "Incorrect Answer"...
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Page 26: Specifications
Silver/Silver Sulfide Electrode Instruction Manual SPECIFICATIONS Concentration Range: 1M to 1.0X10 M sulfide (32,000 to 0.003 ppm) 1M to 1.0X10 M silver (108,000 to 0.01 ppm) pH Range: 2 to 12 0 o -80 o C Temperature Range: Resistance: <1 Mohm Reproducibility: +/- 2% Samples:...
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