Lexicon PCM 91 - REV 1 User Manual
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Lexicon PCM 91 - REV 1 User Manual

Digital reverberator
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PCM 91
Digital Reverberator
User Guide
A Harman International Company

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Summary of Contents for Lexicon PCM 91 - REV 1

  • Page 1 PCM 91 Digital Reverberator User Guide A Harman International Company...
  • Page 2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION After unpacking the PCM 91, save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the unit. Thoroughly inspect the PCM 91 and packing materials for signs of damage. Report any shipment damage to the carrier at once; report equipment malfunction to your dealer. PRECAUTIONS Save these instructions for later use.
  • Page 3 Fax 781-280-0499 (Service) This document should not be construed as a commitment on the part of Lexicon, Inc. The information it contains is subject to change without notice. Lexicon, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors that may appear within this document.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Introduction Lexicon Introduction Section 2: Basic Operation (continued) Program and Register Banks............2-17 Selecting Effects • Bank and Row Labels • Sorting Effects Vigtig information om sikkerhed ........iv Tempo Mode ................2-20 Tärkeitä turvallisuusohjeita..........iv The Tempo Mode Matrix • Row 0 Tempo • Row 1 Tap Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet ........v...
  • Page 5 Introduction PCM 91 Section 4: Presets Section 6: Troubleshooting (continued) Program Bank 4: Splits ............4-25 Low Voltage ................6-2 Mono • Stereo • Live Sound • Instrument • Custom Overheating ................6-2 Program Bank 5: Studio ............4-31 Common MIDI Problems............6-2 Environments • Instruments • Vocal • Drums/Perc • Custom Operational Problems..............6-2 Program Bank 6: Live ..............4-37 No Digital Audio Output •...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Introduction Lexicon DANSK SUOMI VIGTIG INFORMATION OM SIKKERHED TÄRKEITÄ TURVALLISUUSOHJEITA Gem denne vejledning til senere brug. Säilytä nämä ohjeet tulevaa käyttöä varten. Følg alle anvisninger og advarsler på apparatet. Seuraa kaikkia yksikköön merkittyjä ohjeita ja varoituksia. Apparatet skal altid tilsluttes den korrekte spænding. Der henvises til Käytä...

  • Page 7: No Viktig Informasjon Om Sikkerhet

    Introduction PCM 91 NORSK SVENSKA VIKTIG INFORMASJON OM SIKKERHET VIKTIGA SÄKERHETSFÖRESKRIFTER Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk. Spara dessa föreskrifter för framtida bruk. Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet. Följ alla anvisningar och varningar som anges på enheten. Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning.

  • Page 8: De Wichtige Sicherheitsanweisungen

    Introduction Lexicon DEUTSCH ESPAÑOL WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSANWEISUNGEN INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD Heben Sie sich diese Sicherheitsanweisungen auch für später auf. Befolgen Sie alle auf der Vorrichtung stehenden Anweisungen und Warnungen. Guarde esta instrucciones para uso posterior. Immer nur mit der richtigen Spannung verwenden! Die ebrauchsanweisungen Utilice siempre el voltaje correcto.

  • Page 9: Fr Instructions De Sûreté Importantes

    Introduction PCM 91 FRANÇAIS ITALIANO IMPORTANTI NORME DI SICUREZZA INSTRUCTIONS DE SÛRETÉ IMPORTANTES Conservare le presenti norme per l’utilizzo futuro. Gardez ces instructions pour réference future. Osservare tutte le istruzioni e le avvertenze apposte sull’unità. Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur l’appareil. Utilizzare esclusivamente con la tensione di rete corretta.
  • Page 10 Getting Started About the PCM 91................1-2 The Presets • Program Sorting • Soft Control • The Algorithms • Tempo Control • Editing • User Interface Front Panel Overview ..............1-4 Rear Panel Overview ..............1-6 Block Diagram ................1-8 Installation Notes ................1-9 Mounting • Power Requirements • Audio Connections • Control Connections • Connectors •...

  • Page 11: About The Pcm 91

    Thank you for your purchase of the PCM 91 Digital Reverberator. A program sorting function allows you to tag programs with The PCM 91 gives you Lexicon's renowned high-end reverb effects KeyWords and display only programs which have been tagged.
  • Page 12 Getting Started PCM 91 TEMPO CONTROL sound. Pro mode gives you access to the full parameter editing matrix for the algorithm of any loaded effect when you press Edit. The PCM 91 gives you a unique set of tempo controls.Tempos can In this mode, you can access a complete set of Modulation and be tapped in with the front panel Tap button (or an assigned Patching parameters, create your own ADJUST knob patch, create...

  • Page 13: Front Panel Overview

    Getting Started Lexicon FRONT PANEL OVERVIEW PCM 91 HEADROOM INPUT DIGITAL REVERBERATOR ADJUST SELECT POWER Program Register Banks Banks Edit Control Tempo HALLS: Orchestral Load Memory Card Down ❊ Store Compare Bypass P0 0.0 Deep Blue Eject 1. Headroom 5. SELECT Five-position indicator for analog and digital signal levels and Scrolls through presets, registers or parameters.
  • Page 14 Getting Started PCM 91 8. Load/✱ 15. Tempo Press to display tempo rate and to initiate tempo functions. In Program or Register mode, loads the selected program. In LED flashes in time with current tempo rate. Edit mode, scrolls through any multi-field parameter. 16.

  • Page 15: Rear Panel Overview

    Getting Started Lexicon REAR PANEL OVERVIEW AES/EBU INPUT MIDI PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH FOOT FOOT LEVEL BALANCED OUTPUTS -20dB THRU SWITCH CONTROLLER UNBAL S/PDIF BALANCED INPUTS 1. AC Power 3. AES/EBU and S/PDIF Inputs Standard 3-pin IEC power connector. 100-240V, 50-60Hz AES/EBU format digital connectors conform to AES automatic switching to correct voltage range.
  • Page 16 Getting Started PCM 91 6. BALANCED OUTPUTS Sleeve Output impedance is 105Ω, balanced, and levels up to +18dBu – RING maximum full scale. 1/4" phone connectors and XLRs Ground SLEEVE provided. Both S/PDIF and AES outputs are active at all times. (Shield) Ring Balanced I/O...

  • Page 17: Block Diagram

    Getting Started Lexicon BLOCK DIAGRAM S/PDIF Out Digital Audio Transmitter Headroom AES Out Digital Audio Transmitter Overload Left Input Left Output Input BAL/UNBAL Analog Level 0dB +20dB EFFECTS Digital Right Input Right Output S/PDIF In -10dBu/+4dBu Control Data AES/EBU In...

  • Page 18: Installation Notes

    Getting Started PCM 91 INSTALLATION NOTES Mono Applications Use a Y-connector inserted at the analog inputs and outputs to have the signal summed to mono. MOUNTING The PCM 91 uses one EIA-standard rack space, and can be mount- Note: ed on any level surface or in a standard 19 inch (483 mm) rack. If the PCM 91 is mounted in a rack or road case, support the rear of Be careful to keep input and output to all channels the chassis to prevent possible damage from mechanical shock and...
  • Page 19 Getting Started Lexicon CONTROL CONNECTIONS (continued) Pin 2 high by convention MIDI Five-pin DIN connectors are provided for MIDI IN, THRU and OUT. Use standard 5-pin DIN MIDI cable assemblies, available from your local dealer. 2 = high 1 = ground...
  • Page 20 Getting Started PCM 91 Proper setting of Input level on the PCM 91 is dependent on: Overload • Proper signal level into the analog front end to avoid signals The 0db (overload) indicators will light under the following causing overload at the DSP input (rear panel Input Level conditions: button), •...
  • Page 21 Getting Started Lexicon SETTING AUDIO LEVELS CONFIGURATIONS (continued) If you will be using a PCM 91 as your primary effects unit, and your system includes a console with one or more auxiliary (effects) Setting Input Levels sends, connect the PCM 91 as shown at the top of page 1-13. In 1.
  • Page 22 Getting Started PCM 91 Connecting to a Mixing Console’s Effects Send (R) Effects Sends Effects Send (L) Channel Input or Effects Return (L) Channel Input or Effects Return (R) MIDI AES/EBU INPUT MIDI PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH FOOT FOOT LEVEL BALANCED OUTPUTS...
  • Page 23 Basic Operation Modes of Operation..............2-2 Navigating a Matrix • Go or Pro • Info • History of Effects Loaded Control Mode ................2-5 Row 0 Audio • Row 1 System • Row 2 Card • Row 3 MIDI • Row 4 Setup • Row 5 Mapx •...

  • Page 24: Section 2: Basic Operation

    Basic Operation Lexicon The PCM 91 provides a wide range of control over an extraordinary • Press Register Banks repeatedly to access two banks of 50 set of reverb effects. All of the controls are easily accessed from the memory locations, called registers, where you can store your front panel and are described in detail in this section.
  • Page 25 Basic Operation PCM 91 Navigating a Matrix Simultaneously pressing The Select knob moves you SELECT Up and Down will always horizontally across the matrix. return you to 0.0. An asterisk in the display indicates that Load/✱ is active and, depending on the mode, will load effects or will display The Up and Down additional parameters when pressed.
  • Page 26 Basic Operation Lexicon INFO Info messages are displayed when a button is pressed and held down. Generally, info messages describe the The PCM 91 offers an extensive set of function of a button, or provide current status information. informative display messages which can be activated from the front panel.

  • Page 27: Control Mode

    Basic Operation PCM 91 CONTROL MODE Simultaneously press Up and Down to return to 0.0. Audio *Word Clock Analog In Lvl Dig In Lvl Word Size SCMS Emphasis Bit Output Level System Patch Update Initialize Edit Mode Mix Mode Tempo Mode Bypass Mode Pgm Bypass Mem Protect Auto Load Card...
  • Page 28 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 0 AUDIO The following types of errors are detected when the PCM 91 is set to Ext: Audio *Input Source SCMS Emphasis Bit Outpu Level • No Lock: The PCM 91, at some point, lost lock to the incoming digital audio signal.
  • Page 29 Basic Operation PCM 91 Input Source Dig In Status • CRC: Indicates a Cyclic Redundancy Check error in the incoming data. Not Locked No Lock (Int 44.1) • Parity, Indicate that at least one bit (and therefore at Out of Range No Lock (Int 44.1) Biphase: least one audio sample) was corrupted.
  • Page 30 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 0 AUDIO ROW 1 SYSTEM (continued) System Edit Mode Mix Mode Tempo Mode *Bypass Mode Pgm Bypass 0.1 SCMS Mem Protect Auto Load Patch Update *KeyWord Initialize Digital audio signals, in order to comply with copyright standards, are encoded with control information which can limit the ability to copy audio data.
  • Page 31 Basic Operation PCM 91 When shipped, the PCM 91 has the Mix Mode set to Pgm. This 1.3 Bypass Mode/Bypass Src setting determines that effects will be loaded with their stored Mix This control allows you to determine the behavior of the PCM 91 settings, and allows the individual Mix controls in the edit matrix when the front panel Bypass button is pressed.
  • Page 32 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 1 SYSTEM When shipped, the PCM 91 has the KeyWord function turned On, (continued) with A to Z selected. This allows you to view all of the effects in the Program or Register banks alphabetically. To access this display, 1.5 Mem Protect...
  • Page 33 Basic Operation PCM 91 If you press Store, the display will ask "Are you sure?" (Press STORE). The asterisk indicates that Src is available for adjustment. If you don't want to reinitialize your unit, press any button to ADJUST will scroll through all available banks, including cancel the operation.
  • Page 34 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 2 CARD character at the location marked by the cursor. Turn SELECT to (continued) move the cursor to another position. Press Store twice to execute. 2.2 Format 2.4 Labels This control allows you to format a Memory Card for PCM 91 use.
  • Page 35 Basic Operation PCM 91 3.1 Receive • 11-15: reserved for ROM Card Banks • 16-24: Memory Card Banks. The number of banks Turn ADJUST to select OFF, 1-16, or OMNI for receipt of MIDI available on a given card will vary with its size, messages.
  • Page 36 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 3 MIDI Automation sends all MIDI commands in PCM 90 format which (continued) can be received by either a PCM 90 or a PCM 91. This means that Automation mode can control both PCM 90s and PCM 91s, and Chain that a PCM 90 can control a PCM 91 in Automation mode.
  • Page 37 Basic Operation PCM 91 (0-4), references to Banks 5-8 will be ignored when transmitted to Control Mode a PCM 90. Matrix Location System Parameter Default Setting Audio Input Source Analog: 48kHz SCMS Multi Copy 3.9 Dump Speed Emphasis Bit Pass Thru Output Level +4dBu Turn ADJUST to select dump speeds of Slow, Medium or Fast to...
  • Page 38 Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 5 MAPX A chain can be loaded with a MIDI Program Change message, or by selecting its number directly at Control mode 3.3. Once a chain is loaded, the source assigned to Pgm+ and Pgm– will load the next...

  • Page 39: Program And Register Banks

    Basic Operation PCM 91 PROGRAM AND REGISTER BANKS SELECTING EFFECTS The PCM 91 has 450 factory-designed programs, organized into The procedure for loading effects is the same, whether you are nine Program Banks of 50 each, and 100 memory locations, called choosing from banks of factory presets, or from your own banks of registers, for storing your customized effects.
  • Page 40 Basic Operation Lexicon SELECTING EFFECTS To select an effect stored in a register, press Register Banks. If you (continued) have registers stored on a memory card, and have the card In the Program and Register Banks, ADJUST is a Soft Knob. Each of...
  • Page 41 Basic Operation PCM 91 BANK AND ROW LABELS KeyWords are assigned to effects in Edit mode. As many as four KeyWords can be assigned to a single effect to allow sorting into Each bank and row in the Program and Register Banks has a more than one group.

  • Page 42: Tempo Mode

    Basic Operation Lexicon TEMPO MODE You can also choose to have your tempo transmitted as a MIDI Clock signal to control the tempo of connected MIDI devices The PCM 91 gives you unique control over tempo. In the PCM 91, (Control mode 3.6).
  • Page 43 Basic Operation PCM 91 THE TEMPO MODE MATRIX half, dotted-half, and whole-note values are available. If, for example, the rate is 120 BPM, and you select eighth-note here, the Press Tempo to access the following tempo parameters: tempo will be 120 eighth-notes per minute. If you select quarter- note here, the tempo will be 120 quarter-notes per minute.

  • Page 44: Editing An Effect

    Basic Operation Lexicon ROW 1 TAP When shipped, the PCM 91 will power up with the first preset (continued) (P0 0.0 Deep Blue) loaded. The following display will appear: 1.2 Average Bank This control allows you to average the last 2-8 taps. Higher numbers mean that the response to incoming taps will be more gradual.
  • Page 45 Basic Operation PCM 91 THE SOFT ROW Each effect has four available Custom Controls which can be patched to one or more parameters and assigned to the Soft Row. When shipped, the PCM 91 will power up in Go mode with the first Like the ADJUST knob, Custom Controls can be individually named preset (P0 0.0 Deep Blue) loaded.
  • Page 46 Basic Operation Lexicon COMPARE Note: Whenever you edit a PCM 91 effect from the front panel, the LED Altering parameter values with patched sources other in the Compare button will light. This lets you know that the effect than ADJUST or Custom Controls will not light the has been altered since the last store operation, and that the edit LED.
  • Page 47 Basic Operation PCM 91 Turn ADJUST to select On. With Mem Protect on, when you press When you store an effect, the following things are saved: the front panel Store button, the following message will be • Values of all Edit matrix parameters. This includes the initial displayed: values for any patch destinations when Patch Update (Control mode 1.7) is set to Delayed.
  • Page 48 Basic Operation Lexicon STORE OPERATIONS Press Load/✱ again to move the asterisk to the register matrix (continued) location. Renaming the Effect When the asterisk is positioned in front Renaming an effect is straightforward. PCM 91 Character Set of the register matrix location, ADJUST With the asterisk and the cursor ! “...
  • Page 49 Basic Operation PCM 91 As far as possible, rows with similar controls will always appear in around the large number of available parameters, and to anticipate the same position in the matrix and, within each row, parameters where to find the controls you are looking for when you switch will generally appear in the same position.
  • Page 50 Basic Operation Lexicon THE FULL EDIT MATRIX Parameters from the Controls row are assigned in order to the first (continued) locations, followed by assignments from the Time row, and so on. As Soft Row parameters are also labeled with the name of the row...
  • Page 51 Basic Operation PCM 91 2. With any Soft Row parameter displayed, press and hold down 5. When you have arranged the Soft Row assignments as you the Edit button. The following display will appear briefly. want them, press Edit to exit Soft Row Assign and return to your last position in the Edit matrix.
  • Page 52 Basic Operation Lexicon PATCHING (continued) Internal PCM 91 Patch Sources LFO1 Latch Sine1 Sw 1 MIDI Controller Numbers Cosine1 Sw 2 Square1 Sw 1 & 2 Ignored (PCM 91 interprets 032 as General 7 Sawtooth1 Delay Bank Select) Mod Wheel...
  • Page 53 Basic Operation PCM 91 The Patch Row Assigning a Destination Each PCM 91 effect has an identical Patch row in its Edit matrix Once you have selected a Source, press Load /✱ and the display where you can make as many as 10 patches. will change to allow you to assign a Destination (Dst).

  • Page 54: Row

    Basic Operation Lexicon PATCHING (continued) The current Dst value is displayed here. When you press Load/ ✱ again, the ✱ asterisk will move to indicate that this Assigning a Destination (continued) value is available to be changed by turning ADJUST.
  • Page 55 Basic Operation PCM 91 From the Patch Row Src Display: ✱ • With ADJUST or Custom 1-4 selected as the Source, press Edit to jump to the Controls row, where you can specify range limits. Press Edit again to return to the Patch row. •...
  • Page 56 Basic Operation Lexicon PATCHING That’s all there is to setting up a default patch— select a Source and (continued) Destination, and the minimum and maximum patch values are set automatically. Creating a Patch with Default Values (continued) The ADJUST knob will now scroll through all of the available Of course, you will often want to modify the patch further, either parameters of Deep Blue.
  • Page 57 Basic Operation PCM 91 Press Load/✱ once to move the ✱ to the right of the Source value. The display now shows position 5.0 in the Edit matrix Mod Row. When the ✱ is in this position, ADJUST will change the Destination value.
  • Page 58 Basic Operation Lexicon PATCHING Press Edit to jump directly to the Out Width parameter in the (continued) Controls Row. Changing the Default Destination Values (continued) Patch Destination Indicator Note that the ✱ remains in the same position, so you can just turn ADJUST to set the new Destination value.
  • Page 59 Basic Operation PCM 91 Press Load/✱ to bring up the Values display. The last value edited will be displayed, so you will see either the minimum or maximum value. ✱ By adding this pivot point, we have put a “kink” in the patch. The ✱...
  • Page 60 Basic Operation Lexicon PATCHING High Limit is the maximum value the control will output. This can (continued) be set to any value above the Low Limit and effectively establishes the total range of the controller. If ADJUST or the Custom Control...
  • Page 61 Basic Operation PCM 91 Press Load/✱ repeatedly to cycle through the remaining choices: is at or below the Low Limit, this range will be equivalent to the entire range of the controller. The default status of the label LowLabel, HighLabel, MidLabel, LowRange and HighRange. Names displays includes @@@ already entered at the beginning of the are entered using ADJUST and SELECT in exactly the same manner.

  • Page 62: Section 3: Algorithms And Parameters

    Algorithms and Parameters About the Algorithms..............3-2 Random Hall • Ambience • Rich Plate • Concert Hall • Chamber/Room The Dual Reverb Algorithms............3-9 The Reverb Blocks • Dual Mono Reverbs • Cascade Reverbs The Parameters ................3-21 Compress • Controls • Custom • Delay • Design • Echo • Expand • Modulation •...

  • Page 63: About The Algorithms

    Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon The PCM 91 uses 15 algorithms to create different types of Left reverberation effects. Each of these algorithms and its associated parameters are described in detail in this section. Left Input EFFECT When you select any effect, the bank and row label will appear on Right the upper display line.
  • Page 64 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Size acts as a master control for the DlyFbk L apparent size of the space being created. Both Spread and Reverb Time DlyLvl L vary linearly with the setting of Size. Dly L Thus maximum reverb time and spread RefLvl L require high settings of Size.
  • Page 65 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon RANDOM HALL Random Hall incorporates random delay elements which have (continued) several effects. First, there is a reduction of long-lived modes in the As Shape is raised to about 1/8 of its range, the initial sharp attack...
  • Page 66 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 AMBIENCE DryDly While Random Hall effects are designed to add a cushion of reverberance to InLvl Size recorded music, while leaving the clarity High Decay Decay Lvl Diffusion Pre Delay RvbOutLvl DryDlyMix Width Width direct sound unaffected, Spin...
  • Page 67 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon RICH PLATE DlyFbk L EchoFbk L The Rich Plate algorithm mimics the EchoDlyL sound of metal plates. It has a dense, DlyLvl L Dly L smooth, colored sound that makes it a RefLvl L good choice for enhancing any type of RefDly L percussion.
  • Page 68 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 CONCERT HALL Dry Signal This algorithm emulates a real concert RefLvl L hall. The reverberation is very clean, and RefDly L designed to remain behind the direct sound — adding ambience, but leaving Low Rt Mid Rt SpEQ the source unchanged.
  • Page 69 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon CHAMBER/ROOM This algorithm provides two independent reverbs EchoFbk L CHAMBER which can be used in mono in/stereo out, or stereo in/stereo out configuration. Chamber provides an EchoDlyL RefLvl L even, relatively dimensionless reverberation, with RefDly L little change in color as the sound decays.

  • Page 70: The Dual Reverb Algorithms

    Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 THE DUAL REVERB Chamber ALGORITHMS EchoFbk L EchoDlyL THE REVERB BLOCKS RefLvl L RefDly L Chamber OutLvl InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover This algorithm (described earlier and High Diffusion Pre Delay Rt HC Size Shape Rvb Out repeated for completeness) produces an...
  • Page 71 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon THE REVERB BLOCKS (continued) Room 2 EchoFbk L Room2 EchoDlyL This algorithm is a variation of the Room algorithm with different Shape and Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Spread characteristics, and an overall Rt HC Size Shape higher gain.
  • Page 72 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 DUAL MONO REVERBS EchoFbk L ROOM2 Room2-Room2 EchoDlyL Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover A InLvl Rt HC Size Shape High Pre Delay Diffusion Spin Spread Link Infinite Range Rate A OutLvl EchoDlyR EchoFbk R L Out Routing R Out EchoFbk L...
  • Page 73 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon DUAL MONO REVERBS (continued) INVERSE RefLvl L Inverse-Inverse RefDly L A InLvl Low Slope Mid Slope Crossover High Diffusion PreDelay Shape Rt HC Duration A OutLvl RefDly R RefLvl R L Out Routing R Out INVERSE...
  • Page 74 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Chamber-Inverse EchoFbk L CHAMBER EchoDlyL RefLvl L RefDly L A OutLvl A InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover High Rt HC Size Diffusion Pre Delay Shape Rvb Out Spin Spread Link RefDly R RefLvl R EchoDlyR EchoFbk R Routing...
  • Page 75 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon DUAL MONO REVERBS (continued) INVERSE RefLvl L Inverse-Room2 RefDly L A InLvl Low Slope Mid Slope Crossover High Diffusion PreDelay Rt HC Duration Shape A OutLvl RefDly R RefLvl R L Out Routing R Out EchoFbk L...
  • Page 76 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Chamber-Chamber EchoFbk L CHAMBER EchoDlyL RefLvl L RefDly L A OutLvl A InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover High Diffusion Pre Delay Rt HC Size Shape Rvb Out Spin Spread Link RefDly R RefLvl R EchoDlyR EchoFbk R L Out...
  • Page 77 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon DUAL MONO REVERBS (continued) EchoFbk L CHAMBER EchoDlyL Matrix Chamber RefLvl L RefDly L Matrix Chamber is designed to create surround-encoded reverb A OutLvl A InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover mixes. The algorithm sends the...
  • Page 78 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 CASCADE REVERBS EchoFbk L CHAMBER EchoFbk L ROOM2 Chamber>Room2 EchoDlyL RefLvl L EchoDlyL RefDly L Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Rt HC Size Shape Rvb Out High High Diffusion Pre Delay Rt HC Size Shape...
  • Page 79 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon CASCADE REVERBS EchoFbk L CHAMBER (continued) EchoDlyL RefLvl L RefLvl L RefDly L Inverse>Chamber RefDly L OutLvl InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Low Slope Mid Slope Crossover Rvb Out High High Rt HC Size Diffusion...
  • Page 80 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Room2>Chamber EchoFbk L CHAMBER EchoFbk L ROOM2 EchoDlyL RefLvl L EchoDlyL RefDly L Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Rt HC Size Shape Rvb Out High High Diffusion Pre Delay Diffusion Pre Delay Rt HC Size...
  • Page 81 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon CASCADE REVERBS (continued) Inverse>Room2 EchoFbk L EchoDlyL RefLvl L RefLvl L RefDly L RefDly L OutLvl OutLvl InLvl InLvl Low Rt Mid Rt Crossover Low Slope Mid Slope Crossover High Diffusion PreDelay Rvb Out High Rt HC...

  • Page 82: The Parameters

    Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 THE PARAMETERS Ratio Ratio controls the slope of the gain curve or the ratio of input level Although there are similarities among all matrixes, such as having versus output level. a row of Controls first, and Modulation, Patching and Custom Control rows last, some of the parameters within each row, and some entire rows are unique to specific algorithms.
  • Page 83 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon CONTROLS Out Width Out Width controls the width of the entire processed signal. This Row 0 of every algorithm contains parameters that provide can be thought of as an extension of typical mono to stereo overall control of both the reverb and voice effects.
  • Page 84 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 The large and duplicated range of the Out Width parameter allows • Stereo Split Creates two stereo in, stereo out reverbs. The smooth glides from any Left/Right Mix, Phase, Mono/Stereo image outputs from both A and B are stereo. point to any other.
  • Page 85 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon CUSTOM You can display numerical values (continued) PCM 91 Character Set anywhere along the bottom line of ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 Pressing and holding Edit accesses a submode which allows you to 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ;...
  • Page 86 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 DELAY You can set and display delay values in units of time, or with tempo In each the Random Hall and Rich Plate algorithms, a Delay row values. Press Up and Tempo simultaneously to toggle between these contains parameters for delay, feedback and level settings of each two options.
  • Page 87 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon DESIGN (continued) In the Concert Hall algorithm, Definition affects the echo density buildup rate during the latter part of the decay period. When set to Diffusion Off, the rate is determined by the program material. Raising A Diffusion control is provided in all algorithms.
  • Page 88 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Link Mstr Fbk, Fbk L, Fbk R This control is available in all algorithms except Ambience. When Fbk L and Fbk R modify the levels of the echo feedback path. The Link is set to On, the reverb time (Mid Rt) and Spread scale range is from -100% to 0 to +100%.
  • Page 89 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon MODULATION (continued) Patch Sources Shape • Shape Allows you to select the wave shape that will be used when "LFO" is selected as a patch High Note Source. The choices are: Sine, Cosine, Square, Depth Clk Cmnds Sawtooth, Pulse, Triangle, and Random (outputs a new value on each LFO cycle).
  • Page 90 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 T Src allows you to select a Source to turn the envelope generator Mod: Follow on and off. T Lvl allows you to select a specific threshold value This control provides three input signal envelope followers. Press which the T Src must reach to turn the envelope generator on.
  • Page 91 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon MODULATION processor time). To optimize real time (continued) response, set switch to Off when it is not being The latch has three parameters: Src, High and Low. Any patch used. When Switch is selected, the transition source can be the Src (See Source listing under Patching.) High and...
  • Page 92 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 • T Src Selects a patch source to drive the switch. The Mod: Delay output of the switch is 0 as long as T Src is set This control allows a copy of the output of any other patch source to a value below T Lvl.
  • Page 93 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon PATCHES REFLECT Following the Modulation row in each algorithm's edit matrix is the Patch row. This row provides parameters for creating as many as Mstr Dly, Dly L, Dly R ten patches in each effect. Each row position (Patch 0-9) has three Dly L and Dly R provide pre-echoes to the left and right channels.
  • Page 94 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Internal MIDI Controller Numbers LFO1 Latch Ignored (PCM 91 interprets 032 as General 7 Bank Select) Sine1 Sw 1 Mod Wheel General 8 Cosine1 Sw 2 Breath Porta Ctl Ctl 33 Square1 Sw 1 & 2 Ctl 3 Ctl 85 Sawtooth1...
  • Page 95 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon SPATIAL EQ BassBoost (continued) A positive value for Gain may reduce low frequencies in program material. Conversely, a negative value for Gain may increase low Premix frequencies. BassBoost allows compensation for this effect by In Concert Hall, Spatial EQ is placed in the signal path after the boosting or cutting frequencies below Crossover.
  • Page 96 Algorithms and Parameters PCM 91 Low Rt sets the reverb time for low-frequency signals, as a multi- Shelf plier of the Mid Rt parameter. For example, if Low Rt is set to 2X, In Random Hall, Shelf modifies the lowpass characteristic of Rt HC, and Mid Rt is set to two seconds, the low frequency reverb time will turning it into a shelving filter.
  • Page 97 Algorithms and Parameters Lexicon TIME (continued) DryDlyMix In Ambience, DryDlyMix is used to control the relative levels of the internal dry path and the ambience effect itself. A value of 100% indicates a completely dry path. This is identical to the normal external dry path, except that it is delayed by DryDly.
  • Page 98 Presets Overview ..................4-2 Program Bank 0: Halls..............4-3 Orchestral • Vocal • Live Sound • Instrument • Custom Program Bank 1: Rooms..............4-8 Instrument • Vocal • Live Sound • Drums&Perc • Custom Program Bank 2: Plates ...............4-14 Instrument • Vocal • Live Sound • Drums&Perc • Custom Program Bank 3: Post..............4-19 Indoor Small •...
  • Page 99 Presets Lexicon The PCM 91 has 450 factory-designed presets which are organized Bank P0: Halls Bank P5: Studio into nine banks of 50 each (labeled P0-P8). Each bank is organized 0.0-0.9 Orchestral 0.0-0.9 Environments in a matrix of 5 rows of 10. Press the front panel Program Banks 1.0-1.9...

  • Page 100: Program Bank 0: Halls

    Medium Hall ADJUST: Decay A large,smooth, dark and lush concert hall. Very dense with reflec- tions added to reinforce the sound. Classic Lexicon! KeyWords: Medium, Indoor, RandomHall, Orchestral A natural sounding hall with moderate decay time. Similar to Large Hall, but a smaller room with proportionately shorter decay time.
  • Page 101 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 0: HALLS Rise’n Hall ADJUST: Decay (continued) KeyWords: Vocal, Medium, RandomHall, Long A strange hall with a long early reflection rise and a short decay, VOCAL creating an echo verb effect on leads. Choir Hall ADJUST: Decay Good Ol’Verb...
  • Page 102 Presets PCM 91 LIVE SOUND Nonlin Wrhse ADJUST: Decay Level KeyWords: Ambience, Live PA, Gated, Unnatural A large nonlinear reverb that sounds like a gated warehouse. Live Arena ADJUST: Seating KeyWords: RandomHall, Live PA, Large, Long Sizzle Hall ADJUST: Decay A very large hall with moderate reverb decay time.
  • Page 103 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 0: HALLS Gated Hall ADJUST: Room Size (continued) KeyWords: Instrument, Large, RandomHall, Gated If it were possible to have a gated hall, it would sound like this. INSTRUMENT For The Toms ADJUST: Room Type Horns Hall...
  • Page 104 Presets PCM 91 CUSTOM PanHallBPM ADJUST: Tap Rate KeyWords: RandomHall, Custom, Spatial, Tempo This unique hall patches LFO1 to OutWidth, creating a subtle Tidal Hall ADJUST: LFO1 Rate sweeping sensation. The sweep rate is dependent upon either KeyWords: Cncrt Hall, Custom, Dynamic, Unnatural tempo set through Tap or ADJUST.

  • Page 105: Program Bank 1: Rooms

    Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 0: HALLS Gen. RHall ADJUST: Not Patched (continued) KeyWords: RandomHall A generic hall with random reflections. Use this as a starting place CUSTOM (continued) to make your own random hall effects. Nonlinear#1 ADJUST: Room Size PROGRAM BANK 1: ROOMS KeyWords: Ambience, Custom, Gated, Short, A dense, medium long, nonlinear gated verb.
  • Page 106 Presets PCM 91 Organ Room ADJUST: Low Rt Tiled Room ADJUST: Rt HC KeyWords: Keyboard, Room, Splits, Instrument KeyWords: Room, Bright, Instrument, Cncrt Hall With its medium size, natural reverb, and a bit of predelay, this Just what you’d expect - an incredibly sibilant and bright Chamber/Room effect is ideal for organ and other keyboards.
  • Page 107 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 1: ROOMS AmbientSus ADJUST: Size (continued) KeyWords: Ambience, Natural, Vocal A bit of dry delay makes this a sweet selection for your vocal tracks. VOCAL (continued) You’ll find the subtleties of this preset will perfectly suit instruments as well.
  • Page 108 Presets PCM 91 BigBoom Room ADJUST: Blend Spatial Bass ADJUST: High Cut KeyWords: Split Rvb, Live PA, Custom, Large KeyWords: Cncrt Hall, Live PA, Short, Spatial This preset is saturated with bottom-heavy, dense reverb. A Spatial EQ bass boost enhances the lower frequencies of your Configure the input as stereo or mono to get your sound sources sound source and combines it with a bright reverb on top.
  • Page 109 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 1: ROOMS WideSlapDrum ADJUST: Spatial Enhance (continued) KeyWords: Cncrt Hall, Drums, Slap FX, Spatial Perfect as a special drum effect. ADJUST takes you from narrow and DRUMS&PERC (continued) dry to wide and slap happy. Slap Place...
  • Page 110 Presets PCM 91 InverseRoom2 ADJUST: Width Split Rooms ADJUST: Reverb Balance KeyWords: RandomHall, Drums/Perc, Unnatural, Custom KeyWords: Split Rvb, Special FX, Dynamic, Custom Lots of options via ADJUST and the Customs to create a great A Chamber/Room where both the small room and the big, bright backwards effect.

  • Page 111: Program Bank 2: Plates

    Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 1: ROOMS PROGRAM BANK 2: PLATES (continued) CUSTOM INSTRUMENT (continued) Storage Tank ADJUST: Fullness/Size Just Plate ADJUST: Liveness KeyWords: Ambience, Dark, Indoor, Custom KeyWords: Plate, Instrument, Large A storage tank with a metallic sound and bright, resonant reverb.
  • Page 112 Presets PCM 91 Eko Plate ADJUST: Mstr Delay VOCAL KeyWords: Plate, Instrument, Echo, Guitar A sweet combination of recirculating pre-echoes and bright sound- 1.0 Vocal Plate ADJUST: Decay ing reverb, great for guitar and keys. KeyWords: Plate, Vocal, Short A short plate with low diffusion great for a solo vocal track. A.Gtr Plate ADJUST: Dly Lvls KeyWords: Plate, Instrument, Guitar...
  • Page 113 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 2: PLATES LIVE SOUND (continued) VOCAL Live Plate ADJUST: Decay (continued) KeyWords: Plate,Live PA, Bright A crisp clean basic plate with medium decay time and low bass Bright Vox ADJUST: Darkknob response optimized for live PA applications.
  • Page 114 Presets PCM 91 Ever Plate ADJUST: Decay Drum Plate ADJUST: Decay KeyWords: Plate, Large, Dynamic KeyWords: Plate, Live PA, Drums/Perc, Dark Mono Level is patched to Attack and Spread making this an A large dark plate with high diffusion and a long decay time. This ever-changing plate.
  • Page 115 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 2: PLATES WhatTheHeck?: ADJUST: LFO2 (continued) KeyWords: Plate, Spatial, Tempo, Custom Need we say more? A tap tempo-controlled LFO 1 modulates the DRUMS&PERC (continued) High Cut parameter. ADJUST controls the speed of LFO 2 which modulates the OutWidth parameter.

  • Page 116: Program Bank 3: Post

    Presets PCM 91 MultPlateDly: ADJUST: Tap Delay Speed PanEkoBPM: ADJUST: Panning Speed KeyWords: Plate, Echo, Instrument, Custom KeyWords: Plate, Echo, Tempo, Custom A multi-purpose plate delay. ADJUST control the tap speed of the LFOs modulate dry reflections levels to give you a panning effect. echo delays.
  • Page 117 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 3: POST Dual Closets ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Split Rvb, Indoor, Small A split effect providing an empty closet, and a full closet. ADJUST INDOOR SMALL (continued) controls the blend between the two. HardwoodRoom ADJUST: Size...
  • Page 118 Presets PCM 91 Make-A-Space ADJUST: Decay NYC Clubs ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: RandomHall, Indoor, Large, Custom KeyWords: Splits, Indoor, Large ADJUST and Liveness can be used to design your own space. A split program with the acoustics of two famous New York City night clubs.
  • Page 119 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 3: POST Stadium ADJUST: Decay (continued) KeyWords: RandomHall, Outdoor, Custom Designed to simulate a large sports stadium. OUTDOOR (continued) • Custom 1: Liveness Two Autos ADJUST: Blend Dull/Bright ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Splits, Outdoor KeyWords: Splits, Bright, Dark A split program giving you the inside of a VW van and the inside of A split reverb with a dull backstage sound, and a large open space.
  • Page 120 Presets PCM 91 Voices? ADJUST: More Voices Wall Slap ADJUST: Decay Lvl KeyWords: RandomHall, Spatial, Dialog, Custom KeyWords: Ambience, Spatial, Custom Get lost in a crowd. ADJUST sets delays to produce multiple voices. Use ADJUST to determine wall texture. Custom Control 1 links pre- delay, dry delay, and the dry delay mix;...
  • Page 121 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 3: POST BPM Looper ADJUST: Response (continued) KeyWords: Plate, Custom, MIDI, Tempo Tempo drives a mod row time switch which ramps delay feedback CUSTOM (continued) for interesting looping effects. ADJUST varies delay/decay response. Great for wild drum machine rhythms with Tempo Source set to...

  • Page 122: Program Bank 4: Splits

    Presets PCM 91 Mythology ADJUST: Decay Chamber/Room ADJUST: Chamber/Room KeyWords: RandomHall, Dialog, Unnatural, Custom KeyWords: Splits, Chamber, Room, Mono Size and delay are inversely proportionate to Custom 3; long delay A fine example of the dual functionality and quality of the with minimal size at 0, large size with half the delay at 50.
  • Page 123 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 4: SPLITS SmKick/Snare ADJUST: Kick/Snare (continued) KeyWords: Splits, Drums/Perc, Small, Mono A smaller version of LgKick/Snare for snare and bass drums. MONO (continued) STEREO Keys Room ADJUST: Clavinet/Organ This row utilizes the stereo input configuration of the Chamber/ KeyWords: Splits, Chamber, Keyboard, Mono Room algorithm resulting in two stereo-in, stereo-out effects.
  • Page 124 Presets PCM 91 Hall/Basemnt ADJUST: Hall/Bsmnt LIVE SOUND KeyWords: Room, Chamber, Splits, Stereo Designed for Live Sound applications, all delay programs have their delays based on Tap Tempo. Programs 2.7-2.9 are dual mono input A nice hall reverb, and a basement-like room. machines with a combined stereo output.
  • Page 125 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 4: SPLITS DualDelayBPM ADJUST: Ganged Delay Hi Cut (continued) KeyWords: Splits, Echo, Live PA, Tempo Tap Tempo based dual delays. These can be inserted in a console LIVE SOUND (continued) as two independent mono delays. Chords/Leads...
  • Page 126 Presets PCM 91 TwoDrumRooms ADJUST: Blend Guitar Verbs ADJUST: Gtr1/Gtr2 KeyWords: Drums, Room, Splits, Instrument KeyWords: Instrument, Guitar, Splits, Mono A large, bright room with strong early reflections and a far mic, A dual reverb for electric and acoustic guitars. combined with a medium-large room with smoother response and a close mic.
  • Page 127 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 4: SPLITS Dark & Gated ADJUST: Toggle Gate FX (continued) KeyWords: Splits, Special FX, Custom, Gated A dynamic effect with input level affecting the Shape setting of the CUSTOM (continued) Room, and triggering the Infinite switch on the Chamber reverb.

  • Page 128: Program Bank 5: Studio

    Presets PCM 91 Weird Places ADJUST: Eko Box/Oil Drum Gen. Split ADJUST: Not Patched KeyWords: Echo, Special FX, Splits, Custom KeyWords: Splits, Custom A split program with a short “Box” reverb with repeating echo A generic Chamber/Room preset. Use this as a starting point to delays, and a reverb like the inside of an Oil drum.
  • Page 129 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 5: STUDIO Dual Chambrs ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Bright, Chamber, Natural, Splits Two chambers with varied brightness. Chambers are selectable via ENVIRONMENTS (continued) ADJUST. Big/Bigger ADJUST: Blend Crusher ADJUST: Bark KeyWords: Bright, Echo, Large, Splits KeyWords: Room, Special FX, Splits Very large rooms with plenty of available reflections.
  • Page 130 Presets PCM 91 This/Flubb ADJUST: Blend Amp>Add Room ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Bright, Instrument, Special FX, Splits KeyWords: Room, Short, Cascade, Guitar A modest reverb preset with adjustable brightness via ADJUST. The An inverse chamber mimics the dry amplifier sound associated with two reverbs sound much like their names.
  • Page 131 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 5: STUDIO Airclip>Room ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Chamber, Vocal, Small, Cascade This preset includes a small, clear environment with a very short VOCAL (continued) reverb time. Use ADJUST to add a medium-sized room with a very natural and clear sound.
  • Page 132 Presets PCM 91 Kick+Snare2 ADJUST: Blend HiphopDrumz ADJUST: Infinite Hold KeyWords: Drums/Perc, Mono, Splits KeyWords: Drums/Perc, Tempo, Mono, Splits This mono split preset can place your kick drum inside a dark For the hip-hop beat. Wild delays are tempo controlled. ADJUST chamber as well as gating a snare.
  • Page 133 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 5: STUDIO EchoVerb ADJUST: Delay Patterns (continued) KeyWords: Echo, Tempo, Stereo, Splits A cool echo reverb effect with ADJUST controlling the echoes from CUSTOM (continued) mono to stereo with different speeds. • Custom 1: Delay Speed...

  • Page 134: Program Bank 6: Live

    Presets PCM 91 TrembleRobot ADJUST:Mottle Horns+String ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Mono, Special Effects, Unnatural, Splits KeyWords: Mono, Instrument, Acoustic, Splits Lots of movement and modulation. The left side is a long reverb A mono Split preset for brass and strings. The brass room is bright with an LFO modulating OutLvl.
  • Page 135 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 6: LIVE Pico Gates ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Gated, Short, Unnatural, Splits Quick, tight sounding gates with ADJUST varying the shape of the ACOUSTIC (continued) gate. Dream Hornz ADJUST: Fbks HiPass/Club ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Dynamic, Acoustic, Slap FX, Cascade KeyWords: Bright, Indoor, Room, Splits A large, diffuse auditorium with long echo delays.
  • Page 136 Presets PCM 91 Echo>Room ADJUST: Echo Attitude Sax+Vox Hall ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Tempo, Echo, Room, Cascade KeyWords: Vocal, Instruments, Mono, Splits The first chamber is a very small space, but has enough echo feed- A mono split preset adjustable between a bright chamber with back to give a much larger overall sound.
  • Page 137 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 6: LIVE DRUMS/PERC (continued) VOCAL Nonlin Plus ADJUST: Tone(1-5) (continued) KeyWords: Drums/Perc, Live PA, Splits Nonlin (a grainy trash vibe inverse) with an ambient tail to soften Lead+BackVox ADJUST: Blend the gate. KeyWords: Live PA, Mono, Vocal, Splits...
  • Page 138 Presets PCM 91 Drums/2Kill ADJUST: Duration CUSTOM KeyWords: Drums/Perc, Tempo, Room, Splits Very diffuse chamber with left side reflection controlled by tempo. Angels Sing ADJUST: Accent Level ADJUST controls duration of inverse chamber. KeyWords: Vocal, Bright, Echo, Splits Bright reverb rooms with a dynamic delay/reverb accent for Live DRUMrms ADJUST: Blend transients.
  • Page 139 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 6: LIVE Hang>BigCan ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Chamber, Gated, Medium, Cascade An inverse chamber with a long duration and large shape and a CUSTOM (continued) large room with a very diffuse sound. ADJUST adds the second chamber.

  • Page 140: Program Bank 7: Post

    Presets PCM 91 PROGRAM BANK 7: POST Oil Drums ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Bright, Large, Small, Splits SMALL SPACES The effect of tinny metal drums. ADJUST increases the size of the drums. Booth 1/2 ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Dark, Room, Short, Splits Two Coffins ADJUST: Blend Booth 1 is a small, dull sounding room with a slight pre delay.
  • Page 141 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 7: POST Farm Rooms ADJUST: Blend (continued) KeyWords: Indoor, Natural, Small, Splits With ADJUST turned hard left, the rooms are moderate size. As you MEDIUM SPACES turn the knob to the right, the rooms get smaller with less and less reverb.
  • Page 142 Presets PCM 91 LARGE SPACES Wembley ADJUST: Proximity KeyWords: Large, Special FX, Long, Cascade A preset made to emulate the characteristics of Wembley Stadium. Club/Rehurse ADJUST: Blend ADJUST controls your position in relation to the stage. KeyWords: Room, Bright, Large, Splits Large size rooms with Club having a brighter, more live sound than Bloom>Gym ADJUST: Blend...
  • Page 143 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 7: POST Bricks>Wash ADJUST: Wash (continued) KeyWords: Chamber, Room, Bright, Cascade The first chamber emulates a medium-sized, diffuse room. ADJUST COOL PLACES adds a much larger chamber with a very long predelay. Igloo ADJUST: Blend Tin Castle...
  • Page 144 Presets PCM 91 CUSTOM Wind+Thunder ADJUST: Blend KeyWords: Custom, Special FX, Mono, Splits Use this split mono preset with your nature effects. Use the wind Up & Down ADJUST: Speed (1-5) reverb to add an eerie ambience to your signal. The Thunder KeyWords: Special FX, Large, Cascade reverb thickens a clap of thunder and the roar travels off in the dis- A cool special effects preset with bright escalation and a large, dark...

  • Page 145: Program Bank 8: Surround

    Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 7: POST Tap Chamber ADJUST: Fade (continued) KeyWords: Small, Tempo, Surround, Drums/Perc A tight chamber with liveness that is constantly changing. The CUSTOM (continued) change is tempo controlled. Use this preset to open up sampled drum mixes.
  • Page 146 Presets PCM 91 Surrnd Booth ADJUST: Fade LincolnTunnl ADJUST: Location KeyWords: Chamber, Dialog, Surround, Splits KeyWords: Large, Long, Surround A very tight space for surround. Great for dialog or vocals. The large, reverberant sound from New York, optimized for surround. Choose how far from the tunnel entrance your listening position is with ADJUST.
  • Page 147 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 8: SURROUND DlyUpVerbBak ADJUST: Delay Feedback (continued) KeyWords: Large, Surround, Tempo, Splits Clear chamber with long echo delay times controlled by tempo LARGE SPACES (continued) function. Echo Feedback is controlled by ADJUST. Lecture Hall ADJUST: Attendance...
  • Page 148 Presets PCM 91 HipHopSurrnd ADJUST: Fade Brick Kick ADJUST: Liveness KeyWords: Chamber, Tempo, Surround, Drums/Perc KeyWords: Drums/Perc, Chamber, Surround Hiphop delays are patched to tempo. A medium, diffuse surround chamber with a thick shape setting. ADJUST alters the chamber liveness. Great on kick drums or an entire submix.
  • Page 149 Presets Lexicon PROGRAM BANK 8: SURROUND Stranglehold ADJUST: Fade (continued) KeyWords: Short, Surround A tight, almost gated surround reverb. CUSTOM (continued) • Custom 1: Master Decay Dark Cavern ADJUST: Fade “CLEAN SLATE” PRESETS KeyWords: Large, Dark, Surround, Long • 4.0 Room2/Room2 Big and brooding.
  • Page 150 MIDI Operation Selecting a MIDI Channel..............5-2 Accessing Programs and Registers..........5-2 Controlling Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock........5-3 MIDI Tempo Control • Using the PCM 91 as a MIDI Clock Source • Slaving Two or More PCM 91s Controller Quirks................5-4 The ADJUST Knob, Custom Controls, Foot Pedal, Foot Sw 1, and Foot Sw 2 as MIDI Controllers............5-4 Controlling the Soft Knob with MIDI •...

  • Page 151: Selecting A Midi Channel

    MIDI Operation Lexicon SELECTING A MIDI CHANNEL ACCESSING PROGRAMS AND REGISTERS All PCM 91 parameters, programs and registers can be accessed by Some extremely useful effects can be created by controlling PCM MIDI. All MIDI applications require the PCM 91 to be connected 91 parameters remotely in real time.

  • Page 152: Controlling Tempo Rate With Midi Clock

    MIDI Operation PCM 91 CONTROLLING TEMPO RATE WITH MIDI CLOCK MIDI TEMPO CONTROL USING THE PCM 91 AS A MIDI CLOCK SOURCE MIDI Out (MIDI Clock) MIDI In MIDI Out MIDI AES/EBU MIDI In INPUT MIDI PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH FOOT...

  • Page 153: Controller Quirks

    MIDI Operation Lexicon SLAVING TWO OR MORE PCM 91s MIDI Out MIDI Two PCM 91s can be slaved together by AES/EBU INPUT MIDI PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH FOOT FOOT LEVEL THRU BALANCED OUTPUTS -20dB SWITCH CONTROLLER UNBAL S/PDIF...

  • Page 154: Program Change Messages

    MIDI Operation PCM 91 CONTROLLING THE SOFT KNOB WITH MIDI Now, the foot pedal will control the soft knob patch of the running effect. Keep in mind that, if Patch Update (System 1.7) is set to Each PCM 91 preset has a unique soft knob patch that allows you Immediate, the current value of the controller will be sent to to control the effect directly from Program or Register Banks mode ADJUST when the program is loaded.

  • Page 155: Automation

    MIDI Operation Lexicon PROGRAM CHANGE MESSAGES Pgm Change: Chain (continued) Any Program Change number can be selected to load any one of The current bank can be changed with MIDI Continuous Controller ten customized effect “chains.” Once a chain is loaded, effects in...
  • Page 156 MIDI Operation PCM 91 The Target ID setting can be adjusted from Control 3.4 MIDI MIDI Clock and Clock Commands are also available as Dynamic Automation. It is selected by pressing Load/✱ after setting MIDI patch sources. The value of MIDI Clock when used as a patch source is a linear scaling of 0 to 127 (0 = 40 BPM and 127 = 400 Automation to On.

  • Page 157: Bulk Data Dumps

    Chain 10-19* Card Program Chains use with the PCM 91. These can be obtained directly (card must be inserted) from Lexicon. Request: PCM 91 MIDI Implementation Details. Int Chains* All Internal Program Chains Ext Chains*...
  • Page 158 Change can be assigned controllers 1-119 for MIDI transmit; 32 reserved for bank select. Program 0-127 See implementation details. Change True # System Lexicon Mfgr ID=6; Product ID=8 Exclusive Real-time non Real-time Device ID System :Song Pos Common :Song Sel...

  • Page 159: Common Midi Problems

    Troubleshooting Low Voltage ..................6-2 Overheating..................6-2 Common MIDI Problems ..............6-2 Operational Problems ..............6-2 No Digital Audio Output • No Effects Output Power On Behavior ...............6-3 Restoring Factory Default Settings..........6-3 Reinitialization................6-4...

  • Page 160: Low Voltage

    Troubleshooting Lexicon This chapter is intended primarily to help you recognize some MIDI Program Change numbers are off by 1. common error states which can be corrected from the PCM 91 The PCM 91 transmits and recognizes ProgramChange messages front panel, or by simple means such as cable replacement. Any 0-127.

  • Page 161: Power On Behavior

    Global Tempo Value 120 BPM followed by the display and loading of the last loaded effect. If this Bypass Mode InputMute Bypass Src sequence does not occur, contact Lexicon Customer Service. Pgm Bypass AllMute Mem Protect Auto Load RESTORING FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS...

  • Page 162: Reinitialization

    Troubleshooting Lexicon REINITIALIZATION Note: Reinitializing will erase all registers and setups. The following procedure will return the PCM 91 to the state it was in when shipped from the factory. This includes erasing all registers and setups, as well as restoring all of the default settings: 1.

  • Page 163: Specifications

    Appendix Specifications ................A-2 Declaration of Conformity ............A-4...
  • Page 164 Appendix Lexicon SPECIFICATIONS Audio Input Audio Output (continued) D/A Performance (continued) Connectors: Combined 3 pole XLR Protection: Relays provided for Delay: 50 samples (1.13ms for and 1/4 inch T/R/S output muting during 44.1kHz, 1.04ms for phone jacks (2) power on/off...
  • Page 165 Appendix PCM 91 External Memory Card General Connector: Accepts PCMCIA Type I Dimensions: Note: cards, 68 pins Width: 19.0 inches (483mm) Unless otherwise noted, audio Standards: Conforms to PCMCIA specifications assume rear-panel switch set Height: 1.75 inches (45mm) 2.0 / JEIDA 4.0 to BAL, input level control is set for unity Depth: 12.0 inches (305mm)

  • Page 166: Declaration Of Conformity

    S. S. Adriatica KM 309530 Pontbleeklaan 41 Localita Aspio Terme 1731 Zellik, Belgium Manufacturer: 60028 Osimo (Ancona), Italy Lexicon, Inc., 3 Oak Park, Bedford, MA 01730-1441 USA NEW MUSIK The equipment identified here conforms to the Directive(s) TM AUDIO Teatergarden and Standard(s) specified above.
  • Page 167 LIMITED WARRANTY and a description of the problem. Do not return the unit to Lexicon, Inc. without prior authorization. Lexicon, Inc. offers the following warranty on this product: When Shipping a Product for Service . . . 1. Pay any initial shipping charges, which are the responsibility of the What is the Duration of this Warranty? owner.
  • Page 168 A Harman International Company Lexicon, Inc. 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730-1441 USA Tel 781-280-0300 Fax 781-280-0490 www.lexicon.com Customer Support Tel 781-280-0300 Fax 781-280-0495 (Sales) Fax 781-280-0499 (Service) Lexicon Part No. 070-12662 | Rev 1 | 09/01...
  • Page 169 PCM 91 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE PCM 91 HEADROOM INPUT DIGITAL REVERBERATOR ADJUST SELECT POWER Program Register Banks Banks Edit Control Tempo HALLS: Orchestral Load Memory Card Down ❊ Store Compare Bypass P0 0.0 Deep Blue Eject Basic Operation Each set of PCM 91 The PCM 91 has 5 basic modes of operation, Simultaneously pressing controls is organized into...
  • Page 170 MIDI. For complete output muting, or bypass as alternatives. You can also assign the bypass details on these and other features, read the PCM 91 Owner's Manual. function to an external controller. Lexicon, Inc. Tel 781-280-0300 Customer Support 3 Oak Park...

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