ST STEVAL-WLC99RX User Manual
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ST STEVAL-WLC99RX User Manual

ST STEVAL-WLC99RX User Manual

Wireless power receiver evaluation board
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UM3262
User manual
STEVAL-WLC99RX wireless power receiver evaluation board
Introduction
The
STEVAL-WLC99RX
evaluation board, based on STWLC99, is designed for wireless power receiver applications, and allows
its users to quickly start their projects with up to 70 W charging using ST's proprietary STSC protocol.
STEVAL-WLC99 requires only a few external components and offers great design flexibility. The board can be connected to a
PC using the
STEVAL-USBI2CFT
converter board, allowing the user to monitor and control the device via the
STSW-
WPSTUDIO
graphical user interface (GUI).
STEVAL-WLC99RX
features several safety mechanisms providing over temperature (OVTP), overcurrent (OCP), and
overvoltage (OVP) protections as well as foreign object detection (FOD) for reliable designs.
Figure 1.
STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board
UM3262 - Rev 1 - March 2024
www.st.com
For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.

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Summary of Contents for ST STEVAL-WLC99RX

  • Page 1: Figure 1. Steval-Wlc99Rx Evaluation Board

    STWLC99, is designed for wireless power receiver applications, and allows its users to quickly start their projects with up to 70 W charging using ST’s proprietary STSC protocol. STEVAL-WLC99 requires only a few external components and offers great design flexibility. The board can be connected to a...

  • Page 2: Get Started

    UM3262 Get started Get started Example 1 : To get started with STEVAL-WLC99RX, you need the following items to use the reference design kit: • Evaluation kit components: – STEVAL-WLC99RX board – STEVAL-USBI2CFT converter board • Additional hardware – STEVAL-WBC2TX70...

  • Page 3: Reference Design Specifications

    UM3262 Reference design specifications Reference design specifications Target specifications of the STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board are as follows: Table 1. Target design specification Parameter Description Qi compatibility Qi 1.3 BPP protocol Rx application PCB area 81 mm x 81 mm Inductance 4 uH, DCR 75 mOhm, ACR 95 mΩ...

  • Page 4: Overview Of The Board

    Support for external NTC for thermal monitoring – On-chip thermal management and protections – Up to 70 W with ST proprietary protocol (STSC) Figure 2. Main board elements • Series resonant capacitors (Ctank) and the receiving coil together form a resonant circuit. This circuit is in charge of receiving the power signal, so any components/tracks involved should be rated accordingly •...

  • Page 5: Test Points

    UM3262 Overview of the Board Test points STEVAL-WLC99RX features several headers and test points to provide easy access to key signals. Figure 3. Headers and test points Table 2. Header and test point description Connector Name Description 4-pin header: for mounting Rx coil: Rx coil Pin 1, 2: AC2 signal;...

  • Page 6: Basic Operating Modes

    Functional check Figure 4. STEVAL-WLC99RX (left board) placed on transmitter coil of STEVAL-WBC2TX70 (right board) The first sign of an ongoing power transfer is the D9 LED, as this LED indicates that the internal power supply of the device is ready. A continuously shining LED indicates a stable power supply, while a blinking or inactive LED indicates an unstable and/or insufficient power supply.

  • Page 7: Graphical User Interface (Gui)

    Graphical user interface (GUI) Graphical user interface (GUI) STWLC99 (and other ST’s wireless charging devices) can be configured using STCHARGE Wireless Power Studio GUI (STSW-WPSTUDIO). The GUI can also be used to control, monitor, and program the device. For more information, please refer to the STCHARGE Wireless Power Studio User Manual.

  • Page 8: Patch And Configuration Files

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Step 4. Select WLC99 as the Rx and click the Connection icon on the right side of the pop-up window. Once the device is successfully connected, “Disconnected” label will change to “Connected”. If connection was unsuccessful, an error message with a description will be displayed. Figure 6.

  • Page 9: Figure 7. Save Rx Button To Generate Config File

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Step 3. Click the Save [RX]button in the Rx registers tab or Communication tab. Figure 7. Save Rx button to generate config file Step 4. Enter Configuration ID number (used for version control) and press OK. Figure 8.

  • Page 10: Header File

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Step 5. Choose your location for the save file. After choosing a location, the configuration will be saved as a .memh file in the selected folder. Note: Modifications to registers colored in red only take effect if the configuration file is generated first and then uploaded to the device.

  • Page 11: Header File Generation

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Header file generation A custom Header file can be generated in the Header Generator tab. Step 1. Start by selecting WLC99 in the top menu. Figure 10. Header file generator device selection Step 2. Continue by selecting the patch and configuration files. Fill patch ID, config ID is filled automatically. Figure 11.

  • Page 12: Figure 12. Confirmation Of Patch Version

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Step 3. Press Generate. A pop-up window appears, asking to confirm you have selected the correct patch version. Figure 12. Confirmation of patch version Step 4. Choose a save destination. After choosing a location, the header file will be saved as a .h file in the selected folder.

  • Page 13: Programming The Device

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Programming the device To program the device, the device must be switched into a so-called DC mode. Before switching to DC mode, first make sure that power transfer is not active. The simplest way to achieve this is to either remove the receiver from the transmitter or to power down the transmitter.

  • Page 14: Figure 15. Writing The Memh Files To The Device

    UM3262 Graphical user interface (GUI) Step 2. Select WLC99 in the top menu and MEMH in the toggle selector. Figure 15. Writing the memh files to the device Step 3. Select the patch and configuration files you want to write. Step 4.

  • Page 15: Device Description And Operation

    UM3262 Device description and operation Device description and operation System block diagram Figure 16. STWLC99 system block diagram Integrated power rectifier The synchronous rectifier is a key block in charge of converting the AC power signal from the receiving coil into a DC supply rail for the following linear regulator.

  • Page 16: Internal Adc Channel Monitor

    UM3262 Device description and operation The Iload current value is fixed to 24 mA by default, and the function cannot be disabled in the GUI. However, the Iload current value can be adjusted in the GUI in RX ILOAD BALAST register from 8 mA to 120 mA. The Iload is enabled (drawing current) until output current reaches threshold (RX ILOAD DLOAD THRESHOLD), then Iload is disabled.

  • Page 17: Main Ldo Regulator

    UM3262 Device description and operation Main LDO Regulator The main LDO regulates the rectified voltage to a target value specified by user. The output voltage is configurable in 3.5 V to 20 V range with a 25 mV step. The target value can be easily changed in the GUI (Rx Configuration ->...

  • Page 18: Chip Enable

    The communication will also not be initialized if either the Patch or Configuration or both files are corrupted. During the initial phase of the power transfer STWLC99 operates in ARC mode, ST’s proprietary mode, which makes the power-up sequence smoother and more reliable. For more information see Section 5.16: Adaptive...

  • Page 19: Figure 18. Register For Soft Start Period Adjustment

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 18. Register for soft start period adjustment For example, configuration with RX VOUT SET set to 5 V and RX VOUT SOFT START TIMER set to 63 µs will result in 12.6 ms soft start duration. Example waveform with these settings is shown below. Figure 19.

  • Page 20: Ldos

    5.10 Protections Overview STEVAL-WLC99RX board uses both hardware and firmware protections to ensure safe operation of both the device and the board. The purpose of these protections is to avoid damage caused by unexpected operating conditions – over-voltage and/or over-current. Temperature is monitored as well – the device is equipped with both internal temperature sensor and pins for external NTC connection.
  • Page 21 UM3262 Device description and operation • Firmware Over-Voltage protection (ADC OVP) – This protection monitors Vrect voltage – This protection can be configured to disable VOUT when triggered – The protection can also be configured to force the receiver to send EPT packet when triggered –...

  • Page 22: Two-Stage Soft Over-Voltage Protection (Ovps)

    UM3262 Device description and operation • Firmware NTC Over-Temperature protection (ADC NTC) – Senses NTC voltage, usually used for coil temperature monitoring – Can be configured to disable VOUT when triggered – Can also be configured to force the receiver to send EPT packet when triggered –...

  • Page 23: Hard Over-Voltage Protection (Ovph)

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 21. Two-stage OVPS protection settings 5.10.2 Hard over-voltage protection (OVPH) OVPH is the fastest (hardware) over-voltage protection, which prevents the rectifier voltage from rising above a safe level. Triggering the protection causes the device to short AC1 and AC2 to ground, effectively shorting the receiving coil.

  • Page 24: Figure 23. Ovph Protection Setting

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 23. OVPH protection setting Figure 24. Hard overvoltage protection (OVPH) Typical voltage waveforms of AC1, AC2 (rectifier input) signals and Vrect (rectifier output) signal while the protection is engaged: Cursors show Vrect voltage levels for protection engagement and disengagement. UM3262 - Rev 1 page 24/92...

  • Page 25: Firmware Over-Voltage Protection (Adc Ovp)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.3 Firmware over-voltage protection (ADC OVP) ADC OVP is the slowest over-voltage protection monitoring the ADC sampled Vrect voltage. Therefore, it is recommended to set its threshold as the lowest among the available over-voltage protections. It monitors the rectifier voltage and can be configured to disable the device’s output and/or force the receiver to send an EPT packet when triggered.

  • Page 26: Output Over-Voltage Protection (Vout Ovp)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.4 Output over-voltage protection (VOUT OVP) Vout OVP is hardware over-voltage protection monitoring the Vout voltage. The threshold is fixed to 21 V and cannot be changed. This protection can be configured to disable Vout and/or send EPT when triggered. Figure 27.

  • Page 27: Figure 28. Input Voltage Loop Threshold Setting And Enable Option

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 28. Input voltage loop threshold setting and enable option Figure 29. Example waveform when IVL is activated UM3262 - Rev 1 page 27/92...

  • Page 28: Output Under-Voltage Protection (Vout Uvlo)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.6 Output under-voltage protection (VOUT UVLO) UVLO is a hardware operated protection which is monitoring the output voltage (Vout). Once Vout falls below a given threshold, UVLO is triggered. It can be configured to disable the device’s output and/or force the receiver to send an EPT packet when triggered.

  • Page 29: Output Current Loop (Ocl) With Over-Current Protection (Ocp)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.7 Output current loop (OCL) with over-current protection (OCP) STWLC99 is equipped with an output current loop feature with a current threshold. Once the threshold is reached, this feature starts to limit (lower) the Vout voltage to maintain output current equal or below the threshold. Threshold can be set from 0 to 5.4 A with 0.1 A step in RX OCL THRES register.

  • Page 30: Figure 32. Threshold Setting For Over Current Protection

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 32. Threshold setting for over current protection Figure 33. OCP protection setting UM3262 - Rev 1 page 30/92...

  • Page 31: Firmware Over Current Protection (Adc Ocp)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.8 Firmware over current protection (ADC OCP) The firmware OCP threshold can be adjusted from 0 to 5.4 A with 0.1 A step. It can also be configured to disable the device’s output and/or force the receiver to send an EPT packet when triggered. This protection is independent of OCL functionality.

  • Page 32: Hardware Thermal Shutdown (Tshut)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.9 Hardware thermal shutdown (TSHUT) The hardware OVTP (called TSHUT) monitors the internal temperature of STWLC99. Once the protection threshold is reached, the AC1 and AC2 pins are shorted to ground effectively shorting the receiver coil. The default threshold value is set to 135 °C, however the threshold can be adjusted in the GUI (possible options: 105 °C, 115 °C, 125 °C, 135 °C).

  • Page 33: Firmware Over-Temperature Protection (Adc Ovtp)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.10 Firmware Over-Temperature protection (ADC OVTP) The firmware OVTP can be adjusted from 0 °C to 200 °C (with a 0.1 °C step) and can be accessed in the GUI or by a host controller. This protection can also be configured to disable the device’s output and/or force the receiver to send an EPT packet when triggered.

  • Page 34: Firmware Ntc Over-Temperature Protection (Adc Ntc)

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.10.11 Firmware NTC Over-Temperature protection (ADC NTC) An external NTC can be used to further monitor the operational temperature of the board. The user may choose a component/board region to be monitored by placing the NTC on it/nearby, although monitoring the receiving coil is presumably the most common practice.

  • Page 35: Foreign Object Detection (Fod)

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 41. ADC NTC protection setting 5.11 Foreign Object Detection (FOD) Foreign object is any object placed either on or near the transmitting coil, which is not considered a valid wireless power receiver and is magnetically susceptible. Presence of the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil may cause eddy currents to form in the foreign object (such as coins, keys etc.), which in turn would heat the object to potentially dangerous temperatures.

  • Page 36: Wpc Qi Compliant Power Transfer Basics

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.12 WPC Qi Compliant Power Transfer Basics The flowchart in the figure below shows steps required to reach power transfer in the Baseline Power Profile (BPP) according to Qi 1.3. Figure 42. Qi Baseline power Profile (BPP) flowchart •...

  • Page 37: Wireless Power Interface

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.12.1 Wireless power interface Wireless power interface is the area in which power transfer takes place. It consists of two parts – the transmitter (primary) power interface and the receiver (secondary) power interface. The main component of the interfaces is the transmitting/receiving coil.

  • Page 38: Table 5. Hi And Lo State Parameters

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 43. HI and LO states in ASK communication Table 5. HI and LO state parameters Parameter Symbol Value Unit Maximum transition time µs Minimum stable time µs Current amplitude variation ∆ Voltage amplitude variation ∆...

  • Page 39: Figure 45. Example Of Asynchronous Serial Format

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 45. Example of asynchronous serial format A packet consists of a preamble, header, message and checksum. The preamble contains 11 to 25 ONE bits and enables the power transmitter to synchronize with the incoming data. The header, message and checksum are sequence of three or more bytes.

  • Page 40: Fsk Communication

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.13.2 FSK communication The power transmitter modulates the power signal by switching between its normal operating frequency f and its modulated frequency f . The difference between f and f can be described by two parameters: polarity and depth.

  • Page 41: Most Common Qi Communication Packets

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 48. Example of different response patterns For a more detailed explanation please refer to the Qi Specification, Section Power Transmitter to Power Receiver communications interface. 5.13.3 Most common Qi communication packets • Control Error Packet (CEP) provides feedback from the power receiver to the power transmitter about the amount of power required by the load.

  • Page 42: St Super Charge (Stsc)

    5.14 ST super charge (STSC) STSC (ST Super charge) is a proprietary protocol developed by ST to enable power transfer above 5 W. This protocol is using Qi specified proprietary packets to exchange the required data between the power transmitter and the power receiver before increasing transferred power.

  • Page 43: Figure 49. Gui Example Message With Header 0X48 And Payload 0Xa5 0X01 0X77 0Xce

    UM3262 Device description and operation Figure 49. GUI example message with header 0x48 and payload 0xA5 0x01 0x77 0xCE The second option is to use the Step sequencer function (available in GUI in left menu), for more information about this function, please refer to the GUI user manual. This method can access the whole register. Data are filled by following order: Step sequencer works with two-byte register addresses.

  • Page 44: Figure 51. Step Sequencer Example - Sending Filled Message

    UM3262 Device description and operation Send a message, the SEND MSG command must be executed. Its I C address can be found in the device datasheet – in this case it is 0x00A0 and it is the 3 bit. Figure 51. Step sequencer example - sending filled message UM3262 - Rev 1 page 44/92...

  • Page 45: Adaptive Rectifier Configuration (Arc) Mode

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.16 Adaptive Rectifier Configuration (ARC) Mode ARC mode improves the ping-up and spatial freedom of the system in both X and Y directions during power transfer, without any change in hardware or optimization of the coil. The feature mode can provide up to 7 additional millimeters of spatial freedom in the 4 basic spatial directions (up/down/left/right).

  • Page 46: Transmitter (Tx) Mode

    (labeled TX mode only). This circuit is essential for ASK communication demodulation, as communication from the receiver to the transmitter is crucial in establishing a regulation loop. Note: Transmitter mode is not supported by default. Please contact local ST support team if the TX mode implementation is required. 5.18 I2C interface STWLC99 can operate fully independently i.e., without being interfaced with a host system.

  • Page 47: Byte Format

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.18.3 Byte format Every byte transferred over the SDA line contains 8 bits. Each byte received by STWLC99 is generally followed by an acknowledge (ACK) bit. The most significant bit (MSB) is transferred first. A single data bit is transferred during each clock pulse.

  • Page 48: Writing To Multiple Registers With Incremental Addressing

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.18.6 Writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing STWLC99 supports writing to multiple registers with auto-incremental addressing. When data is written into a register, the register pointer is automatically incremented, therefore transferring data to a set of subsequent registers (also known as page write) is a straightforward operation.

  • Page 49: Gpiox And Intb Pins

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.19 GPIOx and INTB pins STWLC99 is equipped with 7 general purpose input/output pins. These pins can be configured as inputs or outputs (push-pull or open-drain) and assigned various functions. Some GPIO pins may have predefined special functions.

  • Page 50: Interrupt Registers

    UM3262 Device description and operation 5.20 Interrupt registers There are 4 bits (enable, clear, latch and status) assigned to each interrupt listed in separate tabs. The enable tab can be used to either enable the corresponding interrupt (write), or to check whether the interrupt is already enabled (read).

  • Page 51: Table 10. Interrupt Description

    UM3262 Device description and operation Table 10. Interrupt description Interrupt label Description RX EXT 5V FAULT Failure during connection or disconnection of external 5 V. RX MSG RECVD Proprietary packet received Triggered by NTC protection, voltage on EXTMP pin falls below threshold, refer to RX NTC OVTP Section 5.10.11: Firmware NTC Over-Temperature protection (ADC NTC) Triggered by OCP protection...

  • Page 52: Steval-Wlc99Rx Description And Operation

    STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation Schematics Figure 59. STEVAL-WLC99RX schematic diagram...

  • Page 53: Bill Of Materials

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation Bill of materials Table 11. STEVAL-WLC99RX bill of materials Item Q.ty Ref. Part/value Description Manufacturer Order code P2, P4, P5, P6, P7, P10, P14, Header, 2-Pin Wurth 61300211121 P16, P17, P19, P20, P21, P22 CO1, CO2, CO3,...
  • Page 54 UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation Item Q.ty Ref. Part/value Description Manufacturer Order code Zener Diode Rohm TFZVTR5.1B LED, Green Kingbright APHD1608LCGCK LED, Red Kingbright APHD1608LSURCK 2mm, banana Keystone 6055 connector 2mm, banana Keystone 6056 connector Header, 7-Pin Wurth 61300711121 Header, 6-Pin...

  • Page 55: Steval-Wlc99Rx Coil Description

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation STEVAL-WLC99RX coil description Table 12. Electrical characteristics of the receiver coil Parameter Specification Part number ICTC-50050-4R0 Vendor Luxshare-ICT Inductance (@ 100 kHz) 4.0 +/- 10% uH DC resistance (DCR) 75mOhm (+/- 10%) AC resistance (ACR) 95mOhm (+/- 10%) Figure 60.

  • Page 56: Steval-Wlc99Rx Pcb Layout

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation STEVAL-WLC99RX PCB layout Figure 61. STEVAL-WLC99RX PCB layout top layer Figure 62. STEVAL-WLC99RX PCB layout inner 1 layer UM3262 - Rev 1 page 56/92...

  • Page 57: Figure 63. Steval-Wlc99Rx Pcb Layout Inner 2 Layer

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation Figure 63. STEVAL-WLC99RX PCB layout inner 2 layer Figure 64. STEVAL-WLC99RX PCB layout bottom layer UM3262 - Rev 1 page 57/92...

  • Page 58: Stwlc99 Default Configuration

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation STWLC99 default configuration Table 13. STWLC99 default configuration Description Value Output voltage (BPP) Guaranteed power (BPP) Guaranteed power (STSC) Input voltage loop (IVL) 3.5 V Hardware over-current protection (OCP) Disabled Software over-current protection (ADC OCP) 5.3 A...

  • Page 59: Power-Up Waveforms

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation 6.5.1 Power-up Waveforms The following figure shows the power up waveforms (receiver side) of a STWLC99 (RX) and STEVAL-WBC2TX70 (TX) setup. Transmitter and Receiver coils are aligned; a 500 mA resistive load is connected to the receiver output.

  • Page 60: Spatial Freedom In The Z-Axis

    Z-axis distance between the coils, also known as charging gap, is an additional parameter which significantly affects charging performance. Therefore, STEVAL-WLC99RX was also tested at various charging gap distances. The measurements was done in two situations, the first one is using common STSC sequence without fixing frequency (PTx can use frequency for regulation).

  • Page 61: Table 14. Maximum Power For Z-Axis Gap (Coil-To-Coil Distance)

    Efficiency curves for various coil-to-coil distance with PTx frequency fixed to 140 kHz Note: z+4 mm is the default distance when using the 1 mm spacer delivered with STEVAL-WLC99RX and the 3 mm spacer delivered with STEVAL-WBC2TX70 kit. Table 14.

  • Page 62: Figure 70. Stwlc99 Communication Performance During Startup At High Z Distance (15 Mm Coil-To-Coil Distance)

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation It follows from previous images that fixing operation frequency of power transmitter to 140 kHz results in increase of efficiency but is tradeoff in decreasing maximum coil-to-coil distance. As shown in Table 14 fixed frequency lowers maximum coil-to-coil distance for delivering 70 W by 5 mm.

  • Page 63: Thermal Performance

    All thermal images were taken in ambient temperature of 25 °C. Figure 71. STEVAL-WLC99RX thermal performance with a 5 W load (5 V/1 A) after 5 minutes Figure 72. STEVAL-WLC99RX thermal performance with a 35 W load (20 V/1.75 A) after 5 minutes...

  • Page 64: Figure 73. Steval-Wlc99Rx Thermal Performance With A 70 W Load (20 V/3.5 A) After 5 Minutes

    UM3262 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation Figure 73. STEVAL-WLC99RX thermal performance with a 70 W load (20 V/3.5 A) after 5 minutes UM3262 - Rev 1 page 64/92...

  • Page 65: Designing A Wireless Power Receiver Based On Steval-Wlc99Rx Evaluation

    Similar sized coils might offer a higher coupling factor, on the other hand a different sized RX/TX coil might offer greater freedom of positioning. Using the default coil combination found in ST’s EVKs should be a good starting point. For more information regarding coil selection, please refer to Coil selection guide.

  • Page 66: Ask Modulation Configuration

    7.1.4 ASK modulation configuration STEVAL-WLC99RX features two pairs of modulation capacitors, with each pair having a different capacitance value – COM A: 22 nF connected to COMM pin, COM B: 47 nF connected to CLAMP pin. Each pair can operate in different mode, see Table 15.

  • Page 67: Figure 75. Example Of Waveform With No Output Load And Com A And Com B In Normal Mode

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board The modulation effect shall be considered in regard to the overall power loss, as the LDO voltage drop (Vrect – Vout) multiplied by the output current adds additional power loss into the system.

  • Page 68: Sovp Clamp Resistor Selection

    (low) NTC threshold at the highest allowed temperature. The NTC pin is 5 V tolerant. This should be considered during NTC and pull-up resistor selection. Note: in STEVAL-WLC99RX there is 100 kΩ resistor connected in parallel with NTC (EXTMP) terminal. Figure 77.

  • Page 69: Pcb Layout Guidelines

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board PCB layout guidelines • Power tracks (AC1, AC2, VRECT, VOUT) and power ground tracks should be kept wide enough to sustain high current. Duplicating these tracks in inner layers and adding vias is advisable wherever possible to lower impedance as much as possible.

  • Page 70: External 5V Provision

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board External 5V provision Please pay attention to the following conditions when using external 5V: • Connecting and disconnecting of the external 5V shall follow the procedure mentioned below. •...

  • Page 71: Fod Tunning Guide

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board FOD tunning guide STWLC99 uses precise internal AD converter to perform voltage and current measurements and a 32-bit arithmetic to ensure sufficient accuracy. STWLC99 then uses the measured values to create a mathematical model to estimate the received power, which is then sent to the power transmitter for evaluation.

  • Page 72: Qi Bpp Fod Tuning

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board 7.5.3 Qi BPP FOD tuning Note: Prepare Qi compliant BPP power transmitter capable of reporting transmitted power. Step 1. Begin by setting all parameters to zero – put STWLC99 onto power transmitter and wait for power transfer.

  • Page 73: Figure 83. Filled Table With Data From Different Rx Loads

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board Step 6. Increase the load from 0 to 1000 mA (considering this is a 5 W setup). Record Transmitted power (from PTx) and Received power from PRx and add it into the GUI FOD tuning table. A new line can be added by the [+] button on left.

  • Page 74: Figure 85. Power Difference Curve After Compensation (Fod Tuning)

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board Step 8. By moving sliders on right side, adjust the "After compensation" curve (blue) to achieve a relatively flat line as close to the target ∆P as possible. Note: Final CTC corresponds to FOD CUR THRx in Rx registers.

  • Page 75: Quick Coarse Method For Fod Tuning In Stsc

    STSC application note. First, *.bin file containing the buttons for quick access toolbar must be downloaded from st.com. To import file to GUI, navigate to Step sequencer button in left side menu. Then use load button and choose the downloaded bin file.
  • Page 76 (bridge voltage, duty cycle). This fixed frequency request is recommended for setup with STEVAL-WLC99RX. This request is taken in account by the PTx as soon as STSC voltage step (for example STSC 9 V) is executed.

  • Page 77: Reference Code With Stm32 Development Boards

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board Figure 88. GUI - example of using STSC Authentication button and reading PTx response Figure 89. GUI - example of using STSC 9 V button and reading PTx response...

  • Page 78: Overview

    Patch and Configuration data in header file format to be programmed into the chip. 7.7.6 Reference code porting procedure 1. Create a new project in the STM32CubeIDE with a STM32 development board. Visit the ST website for STM32CubeIDE documentation. 2. Copy STWLC99.h, STWLC99.c, and nvm_data.h into the main directory (Core/Src).
  • Page 79 UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board 4. Include the Header file. /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include "STWLC99.h" /* USER CODE END Includes */ 5. Define platform functions and variables to be used by driver API. See below for the function definitions.

  • Page 80: Api

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board 7.7.7 1. stwlc99_write_fwreg Table 17. stwlc99_write_fwreg Name int32_t stwlc99_write_fwreg(struct stwlc99_dev *dev, uint16_t reg, const uint8_t *data, int32_t len) Description Write device firmware register. Parameters struct stwlc99_dev * Pointer to device interface...

  • Page 81: Error Codes

    UM3262 Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board 7.7.8 Error codes Table 21. Error codes with descriptions Error code Value Description STWLC99_OK 0x00000000U No error STWLC99_ERR_BUS_W 0x80000000U Bus write error STWLC99_ERR_BUS_WR 0x80000001U Bus write-read error STWLC99_ERR_ALLOC_MEM 0x80000002U...

  • Page 82: Qi Certification

    UM3262 Qi Certification Qi Certification STWLC99 is Qi 1.3 BPP compatible and can therefore be Qi certified. The following section describes the basic requirements necessary for Qi BPP certification. The 6 basic steps of the Qi certification process: 1. The registration procedure starts with the product’s manufacturer filling in an on-line form, providing basic information about the product, uploading its picture and submitting the necessary self-declaration forms.

  • Page 83: Regulatory Compliance Information

    Conformity. Notice for the United Kingdom The kit STEVAL-WLC99RX is in compliance with the UK Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 (UK SI 2017 No. 1206 and amendments) and with the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2012 (UK SI 2012 No.

  • Page 84: Board Versions

    UM3262 Board versions Board versions Table 22. STEVAL-WLC99RX versions Finished good Schematic diagrams Bill of materials STEVAL$WLC99RXA STEVAL$WLC99RXA schematic diagrams STEVAL$WLC99RXA bill of materials 1. This code identifies the STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board first version. UM3262 - Rev 1 page 84/92...

  • Page 85: Revision History

    UM3262 Revision history Table 23. Document revision history Date Version Changes 15-Mar-2024 Initial release. UM3262 - Rev 1 page 85/92...

  • Page 86: Table Of Contents

    UM3262 Contents Contents Get started ............... .2 Reference design specifications .
  • Page 87 STEVAL-WLC99RX description and operation ........52...
  • Page 88 Contents Designing a wireless power receiver based on STEVAL-WLC99RX evaluation board................65 External component design .
  • Page 89 STEVAL-WLC99RX bill of materials ........
  • Page 90 STEVAL-WLC99RX circuitry for Tx mode ........
  • Page 91 STWLC99 communication performance during startup at high Z distance (15 mm coil-to-coil distance) ..62 Figure 71. STEVAL-WLC99RX thermal performance with a 5 W load (5 V/1 A) after 5 minutes ....63 Figure 72.
  • Page 92 ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgment. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of purchasers’...

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