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Summary of Contents for Vitrek XiTRON XT2640
- Page 1 PREC)S)ON MULT)‐C(ANNEL (ARMON)C POWER ANALYZER XT2640 OPERAT)NG MANUAL Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 2 ABOUT THIS MANUAL ...................................... 7 WARRANTY INFORMATION .................................... 8 PRODUCT FEATURES ...................................... 9 .......................................... SAFETY ............................................ 11 AFETY PEC)F)CAT)ONS ........................................... OWER AND ROUND)NG ........................................... ERM)NALS AND )R)NG ............................................NV)RONMENT INSPECTION .......................................... 12 .......................................... FRONT AND REAR PANEL LAYOUT ................................13 RONT ANEL AYOUT...
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
..........................................A)N CREEN AYOUT 12.2.1 Main Screen Select Buttons ......................................32 12.2.2 Remote Button ............................................ 33 12.2.3 Power Button ............................................33 12.2.4 Data Area .............................................. 33 12.2.5 Error Info Area ............................................ 33 12.2.6 Holding or Releasing Measurements ..................................33 12.2.7 Integration Info Area ........................................34 ... - Page 4 ..............................XPORT)NG OR ECORD)NG NTEGRATED EASUREMENTS .......................................... PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS OF PWM GENERATED SIGNALS ....................78 (O)CE OF (ANNELS ........................................ )R)NG ECOMMENDAT)ONS ..................................... ONF)GURAT)ON ECOMMENDAT)ONS 16.2.1 Recommended 3‐phase, 3‐wire Wiring Method Selection ..........................78 16.3.1 Recommended FREQ SPEED System Preference ..............................79 16.3.2 Recommended MEAS CONFIG Settings .
- Page 5 ......................AND OTAL OWER AND FF)CENCY ATA )N A ROUP OF N)TS SYNCHRONIZING MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN VPAS ........................ 1 15 .......................................... USING A USB DRIVE ...................................... 1 17 R)VE OMPAT)B)L)TY ...................................... (ECK)NG R)VE OMPAT)B)L)TY ................................................. )LES .................................... ...
- Page 6 ............................................ OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES .................................. 1 64 PT)ON EN .............................................. PT)ON RM‐ ........................................... CCESSORY ADAPTOR CORD .................................. CCESSORY (C‐ ............................................ CCESSORY ............................................ DIMENSIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS ................ 1 65 )MENS)ONAL .
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Page 7: About This Manual
This document is formatted to be best viewed on a computer using a suitable reader application rather than being printed on paper and then read. )f printed, then it should be printed using color. The table of contents is clickable . You may click on any of the entries to go to that section. The table of contents is also made available as Bookmarks for Adobe Reader or Acrobat, allowing you to permanently display the table of contents alongside the document and navigate by clicking on each section as needed. The typical user does not need to read the entire manual, it is recommended that you look through the table of contents and read those sections which are applicable to your intended application. This document applies to the XT having a main firmware revision of . . or newer, there may be differences if the XT has a different main firmware version. Document number MO‐XT ‐UG. Rev X Print date: July 13, 2016 Copyright© Vitrek. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form without prior written consent from Vitrek. This document is copyrighted and contains proprietary information, which is subject to change without notice. The product displays and instructional text may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement. )n the interest of continued product development, Vitrek reserves the right to make changes in this document and the product it describes at any time, without notice or obligation. Vitrek Kirkham Road Poway, CA Manufacturers of Engineering & Production Test Equipment Web : www.vitrek.com Email : info@vitrek.com Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 8: Warranty Information
Any recommendations made by Vitrek or its representatives, for use of its products are based upon tests believed to be reliable, but Vitrek makes no warranties of the results to be obtained. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied and no representative or person is authorized to represent or assume for Vitrek any liability in connection with the sale of our products other than set forth herein. -
Page 9: Product Features
PRODUCT FEATURES Low cost of ownership with year parts and labor warranty; year accuracy specs and recommended calibration cycle. Reliable state of the art fully solid‐state design with . G)Ps R)SC processing and FPGA based sampling control Large, high‐resolution color display shows all the data you want with an easy‐to‐use touchscreen user interface to get you up and testing in no time (ighest precision measurements with industry‐leading noise floor and linearity and up to readings per second with no reduction in accuracy up to /sec with reduced accuracy with W type channels . Extremely wide dynamic range allows signals with crest factors to over : to be measured with full accuracy without having to reconfigure, and allows range‐less operation within each shunt providing truly gapless measurements with varying signals and is one less thing for you to configure and worry about All configured measurements are always performed, no need to reconfigure for specific results Measurements of low power meeting the requirements of EN are built into the XT as standard. A computer is not needed (armonic and Spectrum Analysis of voltage, current and power on all four channels for frequencies up to k(z W type channels or k(z S, L or A type channels . (armonic analysis of up to harmonics option ( or harmonics... - Page 10 Vector Screen ‐ displays fundamental voltage and current vectors with user defined coloring (istory Screen – the unit automatically maintains a continuous historical recording of measurement data – no configuration needed. Any data from this record may be viewed with user defined scaling, offset and color, with a user cursor for zooming and obtaining numerical levels Scope View Screen ‐ an extreme resolution digital scope to capture events such as in‐rush current without interfering with other measurements, with a user cursor for zooming and obtaining numerical levels Cycle View Screen ‐ displays a single cycle of the voltage and current periodic waveforms, jitter sampled over multiple cycles within each measurement period giving time resolution down to . ns – no configuration needed Standby Power Screen – allows EN compliant low power measurements without the need for a computer. Assess EUT Screen – allows EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ assessments of compliance without the need for a computer. Up to units can be configured in a single multi‐unit group to provide total efficiency and power loss measurements in the most complex of system requirements requires option MU . Connectivity ‐ Ethernet, (igh Speed Serial and USB client , or optional GP)B control interfaces Safety ‐ CE mark certified to EN with certified conformance to CAT ), )), ))) and )V mains measurement applications Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 11 SAFETY General Safety Conforms to the requirements of EN ‐ SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS Measurement Safety ‐ CAT ) V; CAT )) V; CAT ))) V; CAT )V V electrical channel inputs T(E XT MEASURES VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS W()C( MAY BE LET(AL; UNSAFE The user should be aware of these safety warnings at all times while using the XT2640. OPERAT)ON MAY RESULT )N SEVERE )NJURY OR DEAT(. )F T(E XT )S USED )N A MANNER NOT SPEC)F)ED BY V)TREK T(E PROTECT)ON PROV)DED BY T(E EQU)PMENT MAY BE )MPA)RED AND SAFETY MAY BE COMPROM)SED. T(E XT )S )NTENDED TO BE POWERED FROM A POWER CORD (AV)NG A PROTECT)VE POWER AND GROUNDING GROUND W)RE W()C( MUST BE )NSERTED )NTO A POWER OUTLET (AV)NG A PROTECT)VE GROUND TERM)NAL. )F T(E XT )S NOT POWERED FROM A SU)TABLE POWER SOURCE, OR )T )S L)KELY T(AT T(E POWER CORD MAY BE REMOVED FROM T(E XT W(EN MA)NS S)GNALS ARE APPL)ED TO T(E MEASUREMENT TERM)NALS, T(EN T(E C(ASS)S GROUND TERM)NAL LOCATED NEAR T(E POWER ENTRY CONNECTOR ON T(E REAR PANEL MUST BE PROTECT)VE GROUNDED. DO NOT REMOVE T(E POWER CORD FROM T(E XT OR FROM T(E SOURCE OF POWER W()LE )T )S MEASUR)NG ()G( VOLTAGES. T()S W)LL REMOVE T(E PROTECT)VE GROUND FROM T(E C(ASS)S OF T(E XT W()C( MAY RESULT )N (AZARDOUS VOLTAGES BE)NG ACCESS)BLE TO T(E USER. T(E XT MEASURES VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS W()C( MAY BE LET(AL, ENSURE NO TERMINALS AND WIRING VOLTAGE OR CURRENT )S PRESENT W(EN CONNECT)NG TO OR D)SCONNECT)NG FROM T(E TERM)NALS.
- Page 12 INSPECTION After the XT has been shipped or otherwise handled in an unknown manner, you should visually inspect the XT for damage before attempting to operate it. Particular attention should be taken to ensure that there are no significant dents or cracks in any outer surfaces, there are no marks or scratches on the front panel LCD touchscreen, and that all terminals are securely mounted to the unit and are not cracked or significantly dirty. )f any abnormality is noted then it is recommended that the XT be serviced prior to being placed into use, as safety may have been compromised. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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Page 13: Rear Panel Layout
FRONT AND REAR PANEL LAYOUT FRONT PANEL LAYOUT LCD SCREEN AND TOUCH PANEL USB DRIVE CONNECTOR POWER INDICATOR OFF: No Po er Applied RED: Po er Applied, XT Off GREEN: XT On REAR PANEL LAYOUT CHANNELS TO MAY BE FITTED LAN INTERFACE USB INTERFACE INTERFACE POWER ENTRY CHASSIS GROUNDING Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 14: Getting Started
GETTING STARTED Attach a three wire power cord to the power entry connector on the rear panel of the XT and attach the other end Apply power to the XT2640. to a suitable source of mains. Turn ON the XT2640 depending on how the XT has previously been configured this step might not be needed . Press and continuously hold anywhere on the front panel screen for at least a second. Use your finger tip or a stylus; do not use a pen or pencil. See section for details. For now, just look at the single VPA applications and tackle the more complex applications Decide what you need to measure. later. A VPA is a Virtual Power Analyzer; the XT has three of them allowing for up to three different sets of power measurements in the same unit, for now we ll just use one. See section for details. Wire your application to the XT2640 ensure there are no voltages present while performing this) Press the MEAS CONF)G button on the XT screen. )f needed, see section . for full details regarding using the Configure the XT2640. touch panel and section . for full details regarding configuration. )nitially we ll start with settings which are usable for just about any application; you can always come back and change these later if you want to optimize them for your specific application. Everything is visible on the one screen which is shown by pressing one button, so it s easy to remember how to change settings later but what you are now seeing is all you ll ever need to configure for many applications. The present setting is shown in each button in a smaller text size, if you see anything which needs changing then press that button to change it. MEAS MODE: Set to S)NGLE VPA. - Page 15 W)R)NG: Set to the wiring configuration which you used to wire to the XT That s it for configuration. Press the POWER DATA button to save the configuration and to start seeing the measurements. You can apply voltage to your application now. Viewing results is just a single press on one of the upper buttons down the right side of the screen to view that screen. On Select what results to look at. each of these screens you can select several different ways of looking at the measurements. )n all cases the buttons across the top of each screen allows you to select what you re looking at. A brief summary of each screen is as follows – All voltage, current, and power W, VA, VAR and PF measurements; in peak, RMS, fundamental only, or rectified POWER DATA: enables you to view numerical results for – forms. )nrush. Resistive, inductive and capacitive loading. )ntegrated and long‐term average measurements e.g. Watt‐(ours . Efficiency and power loss. configure a wide variety of formats for this screen. CUSTOM DATA: enables you to view just about any numerical data you wish, along with descriptive text. You can numerical formats. HARMONICS: enables you to view voltage, current, power, and inter‐phase voltage harmonics in both graphical and HISTORY: enables you to see what s happened in the past without needing configuration beforehand. Gives a graphical VECTORS: enables you to view single or multi‐channel voltage and current graphically as vectors on a polar chart. chart of most measurement results with powerful zooming capabilities. CYCLE V)EW , or to use the XT as a powerful oscilloscope SCOPE V)EW . SCOPE: enables you to view the voltage, current, power and inter‐phase voltage waveforms without needing configuration low power measurements in both numerical and graphical formats. STBY POWER: enables you to configure, run and view the results of EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ assessments of a EUT if measurements have been configured to do so .
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Page 16: Electrical Channels
APPLICATIONS This section discusses in general terms the use of XT channels and virtual power analyzers VPAs in typical applications and should be used to decide which channels and VPAs will be used and what purpose each VPA performs in a user application. Details regarding connecting the signals to the channels are given in section and configuring the channels and VPAs are given in section . . CHANNELS CHANNELS TO MAY BE FITTED Channels are numbered C( , C( , C( and C( from left to right when looking at the XT rear panel. Each electrical channel provides the XT with one voltage and one current measurement which are always simultaneously 8.1.1 ELECTRICAL CHANNELS sampled to provide the best power accuracy. The XT can have one to four electrical channels installed. Each electrical channel can be one of four types and each with one of three current input options. Which channel type and current input option is installed in each position is indicated by a two letter code labelled in the upper left corner of each channel sub‐panel. The channel type is denoted by the first letter of the two letter code – S ‐ Provides . % accuracy, M(z class bandwidth, bit sampling and a Vrms maximum continuous voltage input A ‐ Provides . % accuracy, M(z class bandwidth, bit sampling and a Vrms maximum continuous voltage input V voltage applications such as AC:DC and DC:DC power supplies W ‐ Provides . -
Page 17: Typical Single Vpa Applications
TYPICAL SINGLE VPA APPLICATIONS V PA 1 t o 4 cha nne ls POWER LOAD SOU RCE N x ø ø ø or ø DC and . (z to over M(z W channels or k(z L, A or S channels supply frequencies N x ø can be up to AC or DC supplies ø w and ø w measures neutral current from phase currents ø w can use either or ‐wattmeter methods ... -
Page 18: Typical Dual Vpa Applications
Examples of dual VPA applications as shown in the diagram below include – TYPICAL DUAL VPA APPLICATIONS AC to DC Power Supplies single or multiple outputs DC to DC Power Supplies single or multiple outputs DC or fixed frequency AC supplied variable or fixed speed motor drives Power Transformers single or multi‐phase Lighting Ballasts most types Standby or Backup Power Supplies AC or DC Photovoltaic Power Generators DC in; DC or AC out There are also other dual VPA configurations which are not shown here. As examples – )f the neutral current is to be actually measured rather than computed from the other phases for a ø w or ø w supply or load then that is accomplished by using a second VPA for just the neutral current measuring channel and setting that VPA to be fully synchronous with the main VPA. )f a load has both AC and DC supply inputs or vice versa , or two different frequency AC supplies, then each supply can be measured in separate VPAs and an efficiency group used to produce the total input or output power from both VPAs. V PA V PA X T 2 6 4 0 1 t o 4 1 t o 4 cha nne ls cha nne ls... -
Page 19: Typical Triple Vpa Applications
Examples of triple VPA applications as shown in the diagram below include – TYPICAL TRIPLE VPA APPLICATIONS Emergency Lighting Ballasts most types Standby or Backup Power Supplies AC or DC There are also other triple VPA configurations which are not shown here. As example – )f a facility has a backup or PV source of power, an internal power distribution, and also access to a network supply then three VPAs can be used, one measuring each of these. )n this case you should note that the XT can also separately integrate the bought and sold power for the network power source. X T 2 6 4 0 V PA V PA V PA 1 t o 4 1 t o 4 1 t o 4 cha nne ls cha nne ls cha nne ls POWER LOAD... -
Page 20: Wiring To Channels
WIRING TO CHANNELS This section shows typical wiring to each channel in each VPA matching the configuration W)R)NG setting for that VPA in the XT MEAS CONF)G menu. 1Ø WIRING USING INTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT X T 2 6 4 0 L or L or From SOU RCE LOAD N or N or CAUTION: FOR USE WITH SH, SD, AH, AD, LH, LD, WH OR WD CHANNELS ONLY DO NOT CONNECT WIRING WHILE VOLTAGE PRESENT. ENSURE WIRING IS CORRECT BEFORE APPLYING VOLTAGE. W)R)NG: DO NOT PASS LOAD CURRENT >2Arms WITH THE XT2640 TURNED OFF. Thicker connections are current carrying. Ensure wire used is rated for the maximum voltage and current to be encountered. Thinner connections are not current carrying. Ensure wire used is rated for the maximum voltage to be encountered. The wiring connections shown above ensure the best overall system accuracy in most circumstances, measuring the voltage at the source and the load current. For applications requiring accurate measurements of the power to the load when using low voltages <... - Page 21 1Ø WIRING USING EXTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT L or L or X T 2 6 4 0 From SOU RCE LOAD N or N or CAUTION: FOR AN A:A TYPE CT : USE WITH SH, SD, AH, AD, LH, LD, WH OR WD CHANNELS ONLY FOR AN A:V TYPE CT OR A SHUNT : USE WITH SX, AX, LX OR WX CHANNELS ONLY DO NOT CONNECT WIRING WHILE VOLTAGE PRESENT. W)R)NG: ENSURE WIRING IS CORRECT BEFORE APPLYING VOLTAGE. Thicker connections are current carrying. Ensure wire used is rated for the maximum voltage and current to be encountered. Thinner connections are not current carrying. Ensure wire used is rated for the maximum voltage to be encountered. Many CT devices are isolating, in those cases you should ground the A‐ BLUE terminal of the channel if the CT does not ground it. CONF)GURAT)ON: )n the XT MEAS CONF)G menu you should appropriately set SCALE for the channel to suit the CT or shunt being used both a scale factor and an offset are available .
- Page 22 This is the recommended wiring method when performing EN compliant measurements with a single phase supply and 1Ø WIRING USING 280X IEC ADAPTOR CORD ADAPTOR load. T o LOAD From SOU RCE X T 2 6 4 0 CAUTION: FOR USE WITH SH, SD, AH, AD, LH, LD, WH OR WD CHANNELS ONLY DO NOT CONNECT WIRING WHILE VOLTAGE PRESENT. ENSURE THAT EACH XT2640 TERMINAL COLOR MATCHES THE WIRE CONNECTOR COLOR BEFORE APPLYING THE SOURCE VOLTAGE. CONF)GURAT)ON: DO NOT PASS LOAD CURRENT >2Arms WITH THE XT2640 TURNED OFF. )n the XT MEAS CONF)G menu you should set SCALE for the channel to OFF. )n the XT MEAS CONF)G menu you should set ADJUST for the VPA to NONE, SRCE V@SRCE or LOAD V@SRCE according to your specific requirement. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 23 2Ø3W OR 3Ø3W(2CH) WIRING USING INTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 øA øB From From SOU RCE SOU RCE øB øA LOAD LOAD N or øC N or øC From LOAD SOU RCE CAUTION: FOR USE WITH SH, SD, AH, AD, LH, LD, WH OR WD CHANNELS ONLY DO NOT CONNECT WIRING WHILE VOLTAGE PRESENT. ...
- Page 24 2Ø3W OR 3Ø3W(2CH) WIRING USING EXTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT øB øB øA øA From From SOU RCE LOAD SOU RCE LOAD X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 N or øC N or øC From SOU RCE LOAD CAUTION: FOR AN A:A TYPE CT : USE WITH SH, SD, AH, AD, LH, LD, WH OR WD CHANNELS ONLY FOR AN A:V TYPE CT OR A SHUNT : USE WITH SX, AX, LX OR WX CHANNELS ONLY ...
- Page 25 3Ø3W(3CH) OR 3Ø4W WIRING USING INTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT øA X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 øB øC From From From SOU RCE SOU RCE SOU RCE øA øB øC LOAD LOAD LOAD From SOU RCE LOAD For 3 ø3 w (3 c h) only Ea c h V - t e rm ina l is c onne c t ed t oge t he r a s show n but t he re is no N...
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Page 26: Mechanical (Motor) Measurement Wiring
3Ø3W(3CH) OR 3Ø4W WIRING USING EXTERNAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT øA øA øB øB øC øC From From From SOU RCE LOAD SOU RCE LOAD SOU RCE LOAD X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 X T 2 6 4 0 For 3ø3 w (3 c h) only Each V- terminal is connected together as shown but there is no N SOURCE or LOAD From connection. -
Page 27: Mechanical Speed And Direction Inputs
Recommendation: )n most cases both speed and torque will be measured, allowing an accurate computation of mechanical power to be made available by the XT The best method for determining speed and direction is to use a shaft encoder with quadrature digital outputs. This enables speed and direction to be obtained very accurately. Unless the motor or generator is known to have no mechanical chatter when stopped or running at low revolution speeds, then the use of both the digital SPD and D)R inputs is recommended as this will automatically correctly measure the mechanical speed when such chatter is present, otherwise the indicated speed may be seriously affected by chatter if only a single digital signal for speed is used. )f required, mechanical speed and direction can be input to the XT using a DC analog voltage, or by using one speed only or 9.8.1 MECHANICAL SPEED AND DIRECTION INPUTS two speed and direction digital inputs. )f using a speed transducer with a DC voltage output then this output is connected to the SPD input BNC connector of the XT MT 9.8.1.1 DC ANALOG VOLTAGE SPEED channel. The polarity of this signal implies the direction of rotation of the motor or generator. You will need to configure the SPD input as ANALOG and set the scaling and offset settings accordingly for the specific transducer being used. The signal range is +/‐ Vpk. )f using a digital speed optionally with direction transducer such as a shaft encoder then the digital signals should be connected to 9.8.1.2 DIGITAL SPEED AND (OPTIONALLY) DIRECTION the SPD BNC connector and the D)R BNC connector as applicable. You will need to configure the number of pulses of the SPD signal per revolution of the motor or generator, and the digital polarity of the D)R signal. The digital signals are CMOS/TTL compatible and either rising or falling edge of the SPD signal can be configured to be used. )f required, mechanical torque can be input to the XT using a DC analog voltage, or by using a digital pulse frequency input. 9.8.2 MECHANICAL TORQUE INPUTS )f using a torque transducer with a DC voltage output then this output is connected to the TRQ input BNC connector of the XT 9.8.2.1 DC ANALOG VOLTAGE TORQUE MT channel. You will need to configure the TRQ input as ANALOG and set the scaling and offset settings accordingly for the specific transducer being used. The signal range is +/‐... -
Page 28: Powering The Xt2640
10 POWERING THE XT2640 The XT is configurable regarding when it powers on; when initially shipped from Vitrek the XT is configured for power 10.1 TURNING POWER ON on/off to be solely controlled by the touch panel. )f this configuration setting has been changed then the XT may power on almost immediately when mains is initially applied without any other user action. Connect the power entry connector on the rear panel of the XT to a suitable source of AC mains power within the specifications of the XT see section SAFETY WARNING: The XT2640 must be connected using a power cable with a continuous ground connection and must be plugged into a source of power which provides a safety ground. If a safety ground is not present then the XT2640 chassis must be safety grounded by you prior to applying mains or signals to the XT2640 using the rear panel chassis ground terminal. POWER ENTRY CHASSIS GROUNDING When initially powered the front panel POWER indicator LED will be illuminated RED. Either using the tip of a finger, or using a stylus designed for use with a touch panel, press and hold anywhere on the touch panel for at least second. Do not use excessive force, the POWER indicator LED brightens when the panel is detected as being touched. DO NOT USE A PEN OR A SCREWDR)VER OR A S)M)LAR )MPLEMENT W)T( S(ARP CORNERS AS )T MAY DAMAGE T(E TOUC( PANEL. The XT will now power on and you may release the touch panel – The front panel POWER indicator LED will change to GREEN and the LCD screen will show an initial welcoming graphic for about seconds and then the XT will start normal operation. Unless it is unavoidable, do not power down the XT by removing the source of mains power to it. 10.2 TURNING POWER OFF )t is recommended that all signals be removed from the XT prior to powering down. Press and hold the POWER button in the lower right corner of the XT screen. This button must be pressed for at least second to power down the unit. )f any channel has current flowing which is over its capability to withstand when powered down then the... - Page 29 11 MEASUREMENT RESULT TERMINOLOGY For convenience, measurement results for individual wiring phases are denoted by the use of phase letter labels in the XT . The 11.1 WIRING PHASE INDICATIONS use of these labels depends on the W)R)NG configuration setting. All measurement results given for an individual wiring phase are denoted as follows‐ øA, øB, øC, or øD Data obtained from the st, nd, rd or th channels in a VPA respectively; for ø w ch W)R)NG this is only used for current results and the øC data is that obtained from the combination of the øA and øB data. A, B, C, or D Data obtained from the st, nd, rd or th channels in a VPA respectively only when a VPA is configured for N x ø W)R)NG . øAC Data obtained for voltage or power results between øA and øC; for ø w ch W)R)NG this is the data from the st channel in the VPA, otherwise between the st and rd channels in a VPA voltage only . øBC Data obtained for voltage or power results between øB and øC; for ø...
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Page 30: Individual Vpa Total Results
11.5 INDIVIDUAL VPA TOTAL RESULTS VPA total measurement results given for voltage is the average phase voltage for the VPA depending on the W)R)NG setting for the 11.5.1 VOLTAGE RESULTS VPA‐ ø w ch or ø w ch The mean of the øAC, øBC and øAB voltages. Otherwise The mean of all channel voltages in the VPA This is only available for a VPA configured as ø w ch or ø w ch and is mean of the øAC, øBC and øAB voltages /√ . 11.5.2 WYE VOLTAGE RESULT This is only available for a VPA configured as ø w and is the mean of the measured øAC, øBC and øAB voltages. 11.5.3 DELTA VOLTAGE RESULT VPA total measurement results given for current is the average phase current for the VPA depending on the W)R)NG setting for the 11.5.4 CURRENT RESULTS VPA‐ ø... -
Page 31: Relative Individual Harmonics Results
)n this drawing the signal may be referred to as having a ° phase relationship to signal and signal as having a ° relationship to signal , whereas mathematically they are sin ωt + ° =sin ωt ‐ ° and sin ωt + ° =sin ωt ‐ ° respectively. )n the XT this is described as a Delay based phase rather than the Math based phase. The XT supports several methods of showing phase results as selected by a preference setting see . . . which affects ALL phase results. There are parts to this preference setting, as follows‐ Numeric Range. You can select that phase results are shown with a ‐ to + ° range or a to ° range. Note that these are mathematically equivalent, e.g. sin ωt ‐... -
Page 32: Operating From The Front Panel
12 OPERATING FROM THE FRONT PANEL Note: All measurements are performed by the XT without regard to which screen is being viewed. Although some measurements can only be started or stopped on a specific screen, you do not have to remain viewing that screen for those measurements to be performed. Throughout this section it is assumed that you have read this sub‐section. 12.1 TOUCH PANEL You interact with the XT entirely through the use of the touch panel, either using the tip of a finger or a stylus designed for use with a pressure type touch panel. DO NOT USE A PEN OR A SCREWDR)VER OR S)M)LAR )MPLEMENT W)T( S(ARP CORNERS AS )T MAY DAMAGE T(E TOUC( PANEL. Do not apply excessive force to the touch panel, typically only a gentle touch is required. While any touch is detected the POWER LED is intensified. The XT has buttons on its screens which allow you to interact and configure the unit. 12.1.1 BUTTONS Pressing a button other than the POWER button almost immediately causes the desired action for that button. The POWER button must be maintained pressed for approx. second for the action to be taken. )f a button colors red while pressed then that button is disabled, typically because there is only one choice regarding the selectable data, or the XT is in the remote state and preventing that configuration setting from being altered. Otherwise a button colors green while it is pressed. )n many cases the color of a button is used to indicate whether the labelled condition is active or not. )n these cases the button is colored with a light green color to indicate that the labelled condition is active, otherwise it is a silver color. )n many cases a button has two lines of text shown within it and the upper line is of a larger font size than the lower one. )n these cases the lower line of text shows the present setting associated with the button, which can be changed by pressing this button. )n some cases this shows an associated entered value which may be shown with less resolution than for the entry of that data, in all cases the full resolution of the entered data is used. )n a few cases pressing a button initiates a series of entries, the combination of which configures the setting or action associated with the button. )f the button initiates the entry of data or selection of a choice then that is performed on a new screen. Pressing the RETURN button on the data entry/choice screen either returns to the screen from which the entry was initiated or initiates a screen for the next associated entry if further entries are required. Pressing the CANCEL button on the data entry/choice screen discards the entry and any associated entries made and returns to the screen from which the entry was initiated. There are nine main screens, of which the POWER DATA screen shown below is an example. All the main screens have the same 12.2 MAIN SCREEN LAYOUT basic layout. -
Page 33: Remote Button
This button is only present if you have placed the XT into the remote state via an interface. )f you press this button it returns 12.2.2 REMOTE BUTTON the XT to the local state if it is able the interface can also set the remote with lockout state which disables this button . Note: Many screens have this button, all similarly labelled and positioned. )f you press this button it will turn off the XT . 12.2.3 POWER BUTTON Note: This button is present on all screens and must be pressed continuously for at least second for it to take effect. )f configured for the XT to be continuously powered then the XT will immediately power back on again, so performing a reboot action. )f this button is colored red when pressed then this indicates that there is too much current flowing through the XT and the user should remove this current prior to turning off the XT The selected main screen data is shown in this area. The content of this area depends on which main screen is presently selected. 12.2.4 DATA AREA An applicable error message may be shown in this area, if any text being shown in this area is colored red then it of high importance, 12.2.5 ERROR INFO AREA if orange then it is of medium importance, and if white then it is for informative purposes only. The following messages may be shown – C(x OVERLOAD x may be , , or This indicates that the RMS voltage or current in the respective channel is beyond the capability of the channel. )NTERFACE ERROR ‐ COMMAND NOT POSS)BLE AT T()S T)ME An interface command was attempted which could not be executed at the time received. )NTERFACE ERROR ‐ COMMAND )NCOMPAT)BLE W)T( T()S )NSTRUMENT An interface command was received with valid syntax but cannot be executed because it is not compatible with the option content, channel content or with other configuration commands. -
Page 34: Integration Info Area
)f operating the XT as a unit in a multi‐unit group then this holds or releases measurements in all XT s within that group. The )ntegration )nfo Area shows the present status of integration. See section for details regarding this. )f you press this area it 12.2.7 INTEGRATION INFO AREA either‐ )f not presently integrating ‐ initiates the )ntegration Screen which allows you to configure and/or start integration. )f presently integrating ‐ stops integration Note: )f operating the XT as a unit in a multi‐unit group then this starts or stops integration in all XT s within that group. When starting integration the configuration of this XT is used in all XT s within the group. See section for details regarding this. 12.2.8 USB DRIVE INFO AREA While not data logging – This area shows the connection and error status of the drive attached to the front panel USB port. )f an error is being shown then you should re‐attempt connection to the drive, if the error persists then the drive is either faulty or is not compatible with the XT )f you press this area when a compatible USB drive is attached it initiates the File )mport/Export Screen otherwise it initiates the Data Logging Screen. While data logging – The area shows the present status of data logging. While performing the delay prior to starting the actual data logging, the area shows a progress bar which grows from the left as the delay progresses, reaching the right end when the delay expires. While actually data logging the area shows a buffer status bar which indicates the amount of the XT drive buffer which is being used, % at the left end, % at the right end. The highest used is indicated by a vertical line within the bar area. )f this indicates that a significant amount of the buffer has been used then you should consider using a faster drive, logging less data, or using a longer data logging interval. )f you press this area it initiates the Data Logging Screen. )n this area the upper portion shows the presently configured interface and the connection status of it. The lower area shows if any 12.2.9 INTERFACE INFO AREA... -
Page 35: Setting Power And Measurement User Preferences
The uppermost information line shows– Model number and option content The second information line shows in order from left to right – Unit serial number Main Firmware version FPGA Version Boot Firmware version Power Management MCU Firmware version The present mains supply frequency to the XT this is not an exact measurement . Under the second information line the screen lists the type and current option installed and the channel serial number for each channel. The buttons in the CONF)GURE SYSTEM area allows you to set system configuration settings and user preferences see below for details . The buttons in the DC ZERO area allows you to ensure that the circuitry DC zeroes are set properly )NTERNAL or that any external CT has its DC zero set correctly. See section for details. Pressing the PREFERENCES button on the SYS CONF)G screen initiates the PREFERENCES screen, an example of which is shown 12.3.1 SETTING POWER AND MEASUREMENT USER PREFERENCES below. Using this screen you can set your preference for how turning on/off the XT is controlled and your overall measurement preferences. Note: Preferences other than POWER CTRL cannot be changed while in remote. To change any of these settings press the respective button. The screen then changes to a screen enabling you to select your preference for that setting. Press the RETURN button to save your preferences and return to the SYS CONF)G screen. Pressing CANCEL returns to the SYS CONF)G screen without saving any changes you have made. The POWER CTRL button allows you to select how the XT is turned on and off. 12.3.1.1 SELECTING A POWER CTRL PREFERENCE Operating Manual July... - Page 36 )f NORMAL is selected then the touch panel is used for turning the XT on and off. After a power interruption the will remain off until manually turned on. )f AUTO‐ON is selected then the touch panel can be used to turn the XT on and off, but the XT will also power on when power is first applied. After a power interruption the XT will turn on. )f ALWAYS ON is selected then the XT is always turned on if power is applied. Recommendations: For bench‐top use NORMAL is recommended For use in a fixed system e.g. a rack then either AUTO‐ON or ALWAYS ON is recommended The AUTOZERO button allows you to select if the XT occasionally checks if the DC zeroes require adjusting for changes in the 12.3.1.2 SELECTING AN AUTOZERO PREFERENCE operating environment. )f ON is selected then the XT will occasionally every few minutes in a typical environment adjust its DC zeroes to track any changes to the environment. This incurs a ms gap between measurements once every few minutes in a typical environment a % signal capture probability for non‐recurring transients lasting < ms . Note that this setting cannot effect SCOPE actions e.g. inrush current detection ; once a SCOPE trigger detection is initiated then DC zero adjustments are automatically disabled until completed. )f OFF is selected then the DC zeroes will slightly change if the environment changes, however the transient signal capture probability is Recommendations: )n almost all applications this will be set to ON. Only select OFF if you are concerned about a nominally . % probability of not capturing non‐recurring transient signal events lasting less than ms.
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Page 37: Configuring The Interface
then any amplitude measurements in progress are terminated and new measurements are started using this new frequency. )f NORMAL is selected then the XT measures the fundamental frequency using a measurement period optimized for both speed and resolution. Changes in the fundamental frequency are not applied until the next amplitude measurement is started. )f SLOW is selected then the XT measures the fundamental frequency using a long measurement period which has the best resolution. Changes in the fundamental frequency are not applied until the next amplitude measurement is started. Note: When configured for EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ measurements this preference setting is ignored. Recommendations: For most applications the NORMAL setting should be used. For applications where it is desirable to track changes in the fundamental frequency as closely as possible e.g. a variable speed motor or when using the XT at frequencies below (z then the FAST setting should be considered. For applications where the fundamental frequency is considerably affected by modulation or other effects then the SLOW setting should be considered. The P(ASE button allows you to select how phase information is displayed and returned via an interface. The XT supports 12.3.1.6 SELECTING A PHASE PREFERENCE several methods of showing phase results as selected by this preference setting which affects all phase results. )f Math,+/‐180°,CW is selected then the XT returns all phase results as mathematical phases in the range from ‐ ° to + ° and the chart on the VECTORS screen see . is displayed with increasing phase as a clockwise rotation of the chart. - Page 38 There are two areas shown on this screen. The upper area allows you to set a name identity for the XT or to use the factory default name, and if option MU is installed select whether the XT participates in a multi‐unit group and which group number to participate in. The lower area allows you to select which interface is to be used to interface to a computer and the configuration to use for that interface. The presently selected interface if any is shown highlighted in green. Pressing any of the upper interface buttons toggles the selection active or inactive only one interface can be active at any time . Below each interface button are the buttons allowing that interface to be configured, it is not necessary to enable an interface in order to configure it. Any changes made have an immediate effect. Note: The settings for the LAN interface are always used and the LAN interface is always enabled to operate. Whether the LAN interface is selected or not only selects whether the LAN interface can be used to control the XT from a computer. The XT can be configured to have a name as an identity associated with this specific instrument as follows – 12.3.2.1 USING AN INTERFACE IDENTITY NONE. This selects that this XT will not have an associated identity and the mDNS protocol will not be used via the LAN interface. FACTORY. This selects that this XT will have a name formed from the model number, a dash character and the serial number. The XT will use the mDNS protocol to establish the uniqueness of this name via the LAN interface. USER SET. This selects that this XT will have a name which is defined by you. The XT will use the mDNS protocol to establish the uniqueness of this name via the LAN interface. For the RS interface you must set the baud rate.
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Page 39: Setting The Clock And Time/Date Formats
You may initiate the Time and Date Configure Screen by either pressing the Time and Date )nfo Area while on any main screen, or 12.3.3 SETTING THE CLOCK AND TIME/DATE FORMATS pressing the SYS CONF)G button and then pressing the CLOCK button on that screen. You may adjust the time and/or date by using the respective up and down arrow buttons these buttons auto‐repeat if maintained pressed . Note: When changing the time, the seconds data is always set to zero. Certain XT options are field upgradable by the purchase of an upgrade code and entry of that code into the XT . The 12.3.4 UPGRADING THE XT2640 OPTION CONTENT upgrade is accomplished by pressing the OPT)ON UPGRADE button and entering the factory supplied code. All measurement configuration of the XT is performed in the MEAS CONF)G Screen accessed by pressing the MEAS CONF)G 12.4 CONFIGURING MEASUREMENTS – THE MEAS CONFIG SCREEN button, an example of this screen is shown below. Changes made to the configuration do not become active until this screen is navigated away from, i.e. one of the other Main Screen Select Buttons is pressed. Note: Settings cannot be changed while in remote. )f you press the MEAS CONF)G button while showing the MEAS CONF)G screen then any changes which have been made will be discarded and the screen will return to showing the presently used configuration. )f you press the MEAS MODE button it starts a screen which allows you to select the measurement mode the XT is to operate in. 12.4.1 SELECTING THE OVERALL MEASUREMENT MODE )f you select S)NGLE VPA then only a single VPA may be used VPA and many other choice selections are simplified. )f you select MULT) VPA then up to VPAs may be used VPA , and . Each of these will make their measurement asynchronously to each other unless synchronized using their LF/PER)OD setting . -
Page 40: Configuring A Vpa
)f you select SPECTRUM then only a single VPA may be used VPA as for the S)NGLE VPA selection, but spectrum analysis is performed instead of a full harmonic analysis. This is only available if option ( is installed. )f you select EN ‐ ‐ then only a single VPA may be used VPA as for the S)NGLE VPA selection, but EUT measurements are in accordance with EN ‐ ‐ and assessments in accordance with EN ‐ ‐ are available. This selection is only available if both options ( and EN are installed. )f you select EN ‐ ‐ then only a single VPA may be used VPA as for the S)NGLE VPA selection, but EUT measurements are in accordance with EN ‐ ‐ and assessments in accordance with EN ‐ ‐ are available. This selection is only available if both options ( and EN are installed. Caution: Do not alter the measurement mode while performing an assessment to EN , EN ‐ ‐ or EN ‐... - Page 41 Changes made in this screen are not used for measurements until the underlying MEAS CONF)G screen is navigated away from. Note: )f scaling is disabled for voltage and/or current, the scale factors and offset remain saved in the XT for later reuse. )f the channel is subsequently selected in another VPA or disabled by not selecting it in any VPA then the channel scaling and offset settings stay with the channel. Voltage scale factors between . and may be entered. Current scale factors between . and may be entered. Current offsets may be entered up to the maximum measurable for the current input option and are the offset at the output of the transducer as shown on the screen . The current offset is applied as a DC offset to current measurements. You should not attempt to use it as a method to offset an unwanted AC signal content. Pressing any of the channel A RANGE buttons allows you to configure that channel for the desired current range selection. 12.4.2.1.3 Setting the Current Range for Channels Pressing the A RANGE button next to the ALL button sets all selected channels to the same current range selection. Settings of (), LO and AUTO may be available depending on the current option in each channel. Note: )f set for AUTO then the text in the A RANGE button also indicates the present range being used LO or () . Channels having the ( current input option have no A RANGE button. Channels having the X current input option do not allow an AUTO range selection. Recommendations: )n most applications you should select the same current range for all channels in a VPA. When configuring a channel with the D current input option the use of the AUTO setting is recommended for most applications, however if the load has rapidly and widely changing current or if the user is going to trigger on an inrush current, then the () range should be selected. When configuring a channel with the X current input option you should choose the range giving the best compatibility with the type of transducer being used. Generally, for A:V type transducers this will be the () range and for external shunts this will be the LO range.
- Page 42 For the LF setting the measurement period is widely variable; second for frequencies above (z and cycle for frequencies below (z. For the VLF setting the measurement period is widely variable; seconds for frequencies above . (z and cycle for frequencies below . (z. Setting this to a lower numbered VPA forces all measurements in both VPAs to be exactly synchronous this is only available for VPA or . This configures the VPA being configured to use the same LF/PER)OD setting of that VPA and also use the fundamental frequency of that VPA. Note that if the VPA being configured contains W type channels then the lower numbered VPA selected here must also contain W type channels, and similarly if the VPA being configured does not contain W type channels then the lower numbered VPA selected here must also not contain W type channels. )f configured in this way then each VPA can still have independent W)R)NG, BANDW)DT( and (ARMON)CS settings but otherwise behave as if configured in a single VPA. Recommendations: For typical applications, the (z/ . s or (z/ . s setting is recommended. For low power measurements to EN and with a rapidly changing load the ms setting should be considered. See section for full details regarding EN measurements. The FUND button allows you to select the source of fundamental frequency for the selected VPA if MEAS MODE is not EN ‐ ‐ 12.4.2.2.2 Setting the Source of the Fundamental Frequency or EN...
- Page 43 Recommendations: The AUTO‐TRACK selection is recommended for most applications unless a set bandwidth or no limit at all is specifically required by the application or if measuring frequencies close to or above the maximum measurable frequency of the channels. Note: )f the bandwidth restriction is beyond the capabilities of a channel then no bandwidth limitation is applied. )f you select AUTO‐TRACK then you can return to this screen and see the actually applied limit, which is displayed in the lower half of this button, e.g. AUTO k . )f you also select NONE as the FUND setting, then a fixed (z bandwidth limitation is used. See section for full details regarding configuring this for measurements on PWM generated signals. The (ARMON)CS button allows you to select the maximum number of harmonics to analyze within the VPA being configured if MEAS 12.4.2.2.4 Configuring Harmonic Analysis MODE is not EN ‐ ‐ or EN ‐ ‐ . This is not available when MEAS MODE is set to SPECTRUM or if FUND is set to NONE. Recommendations: For most applications this should be set to unless harmonic analysis is not required in which case it should be set to . Only if the specific application requires more harmonics is it recommended to set this higher. )n modulated signal applications such as motor drives this should be a low value and often a figure of or less is used. Notes: )f this is set to then no harmonics will be analyzed in the VPA being configured. Lead/lag and all non‐harmonic measurements are still available when not performing harmonic analysis. )n order to accurately measure very high‐order harmonics the cycle‐to‐cycle jitter of the signal frequency is of importance. To accurately measure harmonics this requires that the source have < . % frequency jitter. Mains supplies rarely achieve this. )f it is desired to measure high‐order harmonics of an unstable frequency source then it is recommended that you consider using spectrum analysis instead.
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Page 44: Configuring Mechanical Measurements (Motor Or Generator)
This setting can be used in combination with the D)G)TS setting see below to reduce the jitter in readings from unstable signals. The D)G)TS button allows you to select that all available measurement results will be displayed with limited resolution if desired. 12.4.2.3.3 Setting the Maximum Number of Displayed Digits Settings of , , and are available. Recommendation: )n most applications this should be set to or , if there is significant instability in the signals this should be set to or . Note: This only affects displayed numerical results; it does not affect any measurements obtained via an interface or via a historically saved record or via data logging. The ADJUST button allows you to select that results of each channel are adjusted to compensate for either the current drawn by the V 12.4.2.3.4 Adjusting Measurements for V or A Terminal Burden terminals or for the voltage between the A terminals. The labelling of each selection shows whether you need results at the source or at the load, followed in braces by whether the V terminals of each channel are connected at the source or the load. )f you select NONE then no adjustments are performed, the results use the unadjusted voltage and current signals. )f you select SRCE V@SRCE then the V terminal current burden is added to the A signal. This should be used when the V terminals are directly connected across the source voltage so the A terminals are measuring the load current and you wish to obtain the source results. )f you select SRCE V@LOAD then A terminal voltage burden is added to the V signal. This should be used when the V terminals are directly connected across the load voltage so the A terminals are measuring the source current and you wish to obtain the source results. - Page 45 The measurement of mechanical speed is configured using the buttons in the SPEED area shown on the screen. 12.4.3.1 CONFIGURING MECHANICAL SPEED MEASUREMENTS The )NPUT button allows you to select the source of mechanical speed. )f you select NONE then no mechanical speed or mechanical power results will be available from the XT )f you select ANALOG SPD then mechanical speed will be computed from the measured DC voltage on the SPD input using the SCALE in units of rpm/V and OFFSET in units of rpm settings. )f you select D)G)TAL SPD then mechanical speed is computed from the measured frequency of the digital signal on the SPD input using the SCALE in pulses per rev and SPD EDGE settings. The direction is always considered as forward in this configuration. )f you select D)G)TAL SPD+D)R then mechanical speed is computed from the measured frequency of the digital signal on the SPD input using the SCALE in pulses per rev and SPD EDGE settings and the direction is determined by the polarity of the D)R signal at each edge of the SPD signal with the meaning selected by the D)RECT)ON button selection. )f you select an electrical VPA i.e. VPA , VPA or VPA then the mechanical speed is computed from the measured frequency of that VPA using the MOTOR POLES setting. The direction is always considered as forward in this configuration. The SCALE button if shown allows you set the scaling to apply to the measurement of the selected source of the speed measurement.
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Page 46: Importing, Exporting Or Recording The Measurement Configuration
The SCALE button if shown allows you set the scaling to apply to the measurement of the selected source of the torque measurement. The OFFSET button if shown allows you set the offset to apply to the measurement of the selected source of the torque measurement. Note: For simplicity, the descriptions above assume that a motor is being measured. Measurement of a generator is identical with the respective similar meanings for each button. The SCALE and OFFSET buttons allow entries of any value with either polarity. The overall configuration of mechanical measurements is configured using the buttons in the OVERALL area shown on the screen. 12.4.3.3 OVERALL CONFIGURATION OF MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS The PER)OD button allows you to select the measurement period for speed and torque measurements. Settings of ms, ms, ms, ms, s, s, s, VPA SYNC, VPA SYNC, and VPA SYNC are available. )f you select a time period of less than second then the measurement period will be a minimum of the selected time. )f either or both digital inputs of speed and torque have a period of longer than this but less than second then the measurement period for both speed and torque is automatically extended to allow measurement of that frequency. )f you select a time period of greater than second then this sets both the measurement period and also the minimum measurable frequency i.e. the maximum period for digital inputs of speed and/or torque. )f you select an electrical VPA then the measurement is selected to be synchronous with the selected VPA. -
Page 47: Viewing Numerical Measurements - The Power Data Screen
Alternatively, you can make a record of a measurement configuration by saving an image of the MEAS CONF)G screen to a graphic file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the MEAS CONF)G screen showing the VPA which you wish to make a record of. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. The POWER DATA Screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the POWER DATA button. 12.5 VIEWING NUMERICAL MEASUREMENTS – THE POWER DATA SCREEN The POWER DATA Screen gives you access to pre‐formatted numeric measurement results for individual channels or VPAs, or to overall power loss and efficiency results. There are several formats available as described in the following sections. Sourc e Da t a Se le c t Se le c t But t on But t on The results for an individual channel can be selected on the POWER DATA screen by pressing the Source Select Button and selecting 12.5.1 VIEWING MEASUREMENT RESULTS FOR AN INDIVIDUAL CHANNEL the desired channel. Only channels configured for measurement, i.e. selected in a VPA, can be selected. - Page 48 CAUT)ON: )f V and/or A signals have RMS values which are beyond the measurement capability of the channel then the respective primary data is colored red. You should ensure that the signals are within the capabilities of the channel and should reduce the signal levels as soon as possible otherwise the channel may be damaged. Whether the current is leading or lagging the voltage can be determined by the direction of an arrow shown immediately after any PF data shown. )f the arrow is pointing upwards then the current is leading, if downwards then it is lagging. The Watts, VA, VAR, PF, Volts and Amps results are grouped with their respective secondary results. The secondary results are shown in a smaller font and are colored white and these may be disabled or enabled by pressing the DETA)LED/BAS)C Button. These include the results for couplings other than that configured for the example above, AC+DC is configured as the COUPL)NG so the secondary results show the DC and AC data . DC PF is never shown. For COUPLED or RECT)F)ED data the voltage and current group secondary data also shows the most positive and most negative peak excursions, the difference between the highest and lowest half‐cycle peaks, and the crest factors for COUPLED or form factors for RECT)F)ED . )f the signals have peaks which are beyond the measurement capability of the channel then the respective peak data is colored red. This should not necessarily be taken as a cause for concern, particularly if only temporary; it merely indicates that the displayed results may not be fully accurate as they include clipped signals. (alf‐cycle peak data is not shown if the fundamental frequency cannot be established or there are or less cycles of the signal in a measurement period. For FUNDAMENTAL data the voltage and current group secondary data also shows the distortion including all configured harmonics as a percentage relative to the fundamental. The P(S data in the PF group secondary data is the inverse cosine of the PF data with the polarity set from the lead/lag determination. The frequency shown if any is the fundamental frequency obtained for this channel, from the source configured by the FUND setting in the MEAS CONF)G screen for this channel. )f MEASUR)NG is shown for frequency with no other measurement results, then this indicates that the first measurement is being made with a new configuration. This is temporary unless measurements are held ; as soon as the first measurement results are available they will be shown. )f NO FUNDAMENTAL is shown for frequency, then this indicates that the signal providing the fundamental frequency measurement the FUND setting in the MEAS CONF)G screen for this channel is either not present or has not been measured yet following a change to the measurement configuration.
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Page 49: Viewing Measurement Results For A Vpa
)f LOAD is selected – Only the )MPEDANCE data is shown )f LOAD CR or LOAD LR is selected – )f harmonic data is available then pressing the AC/FUND button toggles between showing the AC coupled or fundamental data respectively. )f a fit could not be obtained for the selected load then the parallel C or series L data is blank you typically should select the other type of loading indication but the )MPEDANCE data is always shown and is the same data in either screen . This is viewed by selecting the )NTEGRATED, )NTEG AVG, BOUG(T POWER, SOLD POWER, C(ARGE or D)SC(ARGE selections in the 12.5.1.4 INTEGRATED DATA Data Select Button. )NTEG AVG is the )NTEGRATED data divided by the integration time, so yields the average data over the entire integration period. BOUG(T POWER is data integrated only while the Watts reading is positive. SOLD POWER is data integrated only while the Watts reading is negative. C(ARGE is data integrated only while the DC Amps reading is positive. D)SC(ARGE is data integrated only while the DC Amps reading is negative. This screen shows the integrated measured or integrated average measured Volts, Amps, Watts, VA, VAR and PF for integrated average and the integration time. )f no integration has been performed then NO DATA is displayed. )ntegration can be configured, started or stopped by pressing the )ntegrate )nfo area in the bottom of any main data screen. See section for full details. )ntegration results are always cleared when integration is started. The results for a VPA can be selected on the POWER DATA screen by pressing the Source Select Button and then selecting the desired 12.5.2 VIEWING MEASUREMENT RESULTS FOR A VPA VPA. Only VPAs configured for measurement, i.e. containing at least one channel, can be selected. For a VPA the Data Select Button allows the selection of a variety of data, each having a slightly different layout. The layout also slightly varies with the W)R)NG configuration setting for the VPA. - Page 50 This screen shows the mean Volts, mean Amps, total Watts, total VA, total VAR, total PF and Frequency measurements for the selected VPA. The primary measurement results are shown using a large font and colored yellow‐gold. CAUT)ON: )f V and/or A signals have RMS values which are beyond the measurement capability of the channel then the respective primary data is colored red. You should ensure that the signals are within the capabilities of the channel and should reduce the signal levels as soon as possible otherwise the channel may be damaged. The primary Watts, VA, VAR and PF data is the total data for the VPA. The primary Volts and Amps data is the average for all phases/channels in the VPA. Whether the current is leading or lagging the voltage can be determined by the direction of an arrow shown immediately after any PF data shown. )f the arrow is pointing upwards then the current is leading, if downwards then it is lagging. The Watts, VA, VAR, PF, Volts and Amps results are grouped with their respective secondary results. The secondary results are shown in a smaller font and are colored white and these may be disabled or enabled by pressing the DETA)LED/BAS)C Button. For all data the secondary results show the individual channel results for each channel in the VPA. For ø w ch and ø w ch W)R)NG settings the secondary voltages are the phase‐to‐phase voltages and the primary voltage is the average of the three phase‐to‐phase voltages. For ø w ch and ø w ch W)R)NG settings the Wye voltage conversion is also shown. For ø w W)R)NG setting the Delta voltage conversion is also shown. Whether the current is leading or lagging the voltage can be determined by the direction of an arrow shown immediately after any PF data shown. )f the arrow is pointing upwards then the current is leading, if downwards then it is lagging. The P(S data in the PF group secondary data is the inverse cosine of the PF data with the polarity set from the lead/lag determination. The frequency shown if any is the fundamental frequency obtained for this channel, from the source configured by the FUND setting in the MEAS CONF)G screen for this channel.
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Page 51: Viewing Efficiency And Power Loss Measurement Results
See section for full details regarding using this screen to make )nrush measurements. This is viewed by selecting the )NTEGRATED, )NTEG AVG, BOUG(T POWER, SOLD POWER, C(ARGE or D)SC(ARGE selections in the 12.5.2.3 INTEGRATED DATA Data Select Button. )NTEG AVG is the )NTEGRATED data divided by the integration time, so yields the average data over the entire integration period. BOUG(T POWER is data integrated only while the Watts reading is positive. SOLD POWER is data integrated only while the Watts reading is negative. C(ARGE is data integrated only while the DC Amps reading is positive. D)SC(ARGE is data integrated only while the DC Amps reading is negative. This screen shows the integrated measured or integrated average measured mean Volts, mean Amps, total Watts, total VA, total VAR and total PF for integrated average and the integration time. )f no integration has been performed then NO DATA is displayed. )ntegration can be configured, started or stopped by pressing the )ntegrate )nfo area in the bottom of any main data screen. See section for full details. )ntegration results are always cleared when integration is started. The results for efficiency and power loss can be selected on the POWER DATA screen by pressing the Source Select Button and then 12.5.3 VIEWING EFFICIENCY AND POWER LOSS MEASUREMENT RESULTS selecting EFF)C)ENCY. This selection is only available if at least one VPA is configured to be included in the )N, M)DDLE or OUT groups. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 52: Viewing Mechanical Measurement Results
The Watts for the OUT group is shown as the primary data for the OUTPUT Power result. The Watts for the )N and M)DDLE groups are shown as secondary data under the OUTPUT Power result. The )N:OUT power loss is shown as the primary data for the LOSS result. The )N:M)DDLE and M)DDLE:OUT power loss is shown as secondary data under the LOSS result. The )N:OUT efficiency is shown as the primary data for the EFF)C)ENCY result. The )N:M)DDLE and M)DDLE:OUT efficiency is shown as secondary data under the EFF)C)ENCY result. Each data is only shown if VPAs are configured in the relevant groups for that data. Note: )f the XT is configured as part of a multi‐unit group then the resulting )N, M)D, OUT power totals, power loss and efficiency results will include the total )N, M)D and OUT power measurements from all XT s within that multi‐unit group. The results for mechanical power, torque, speed and motor slip can be selected on the POWER DATA screen by pressing the Source VIEWING MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT RESULTS Select button and then selecting MOTOR. This selection is only available if an MT channel is installed in the C( position and at least torque or speed is configured to be measured. The methods for performing this are fully described in section EXPORTING OR RECORDING MEASUREMENTS Measurements can be exported to a .CSV format textual file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. This file contains all measurements including harmonics for all channels and all VPAs. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the MEASUREMENTS button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. Alternatively you can make a record of any measurement screen by saving an image of it to a graphic file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 53: Viewing Custom Numerical Measurements - The Custom Data Screen
Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. 12.6 VIEWING CUSTOM NUMERICAL MEASUREMENTS – THE CUSTOM DATA The CUSTOM DATA Screen gives you access to user‐formatted numeric measurement results which are entirely selected and defined SCREEN by you. Any numeric measurement result obtainable within the XT can be displayed in a variety of screen positions with a variety of font sizes and colors and optionally with text associated with it. The CUSTOM DATA Screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the CUSTOM DATA button. A simple example custom data screen is shown below. Defining the CUSTOM DATA screen requires one of the following – Using the supplied application to create the desired screen and then sending the created custom screen definition to the via an interface. Or, exporting the binary custom screen definition from a XT which already has the desired custom screen definition and then importing this file into another XT using a USB drive. Or, importing from an ASC)) file on a USB drive which has been generated by you using a text editor or Excel . See section . . for details regarding this. Note: A CUSTOM DATA screen only needs to be defined once. )t is stored internally in a non‐volatile manner. You can have many binary custom screen definitions on a single USB drive and you can switch between custom screens by importing the desired custom screen. The (ARMON)CS Screen gives you access to graphically formatted bar charts of channel voltage, current, power and inter‐phase 12.7 VIEWING HARMONICS MEASUREMENTS – THE HARMONICS SCREEN voltage harmonics and a scrollable numerical listing of that data. -
Page 54: Using The Numerical Listing
The displayed data is controlled by the buttons across the top of the screen in order from left to right ‐ Select which channel is shown by using the leftmost button. )f this button colors RED when pressed then this indicates that the presently selected channel is the only channel configured. Select whether voltage, current, watts or inter‐phase voltage harmonics are shown by using the VOLTS/AMPS/WATTS button. This button has a Vph‐ph selection for inter‐phase voltage harmonics available if the selected channel is configured for p w ch or p w measurements. The Vph‐ph selection selects that the voltage harmonics of the inter‐phase voltage between the selected channel and the next higher channel in the VPA will be shown the voltage between the last and the first channel is shown if the last channel is selected . Select whether the selected voltage or current harmonics are to be compared against limits by the L)M)TS button. See below for details regarding applying harmonics limits. Select the format of the bar chart by using the fourth button. You may select linearly or logarithmically scaled bar charts, either showing absolute data, or relative to the fundamental, or relative to the total signal. )f a logarithmic format bar chart is selected then the fifth button allows you to select how many decades are shown through Note: )f no harmonics are available to be shown then the bar chart is blank, there are no numerical listings on the left side, and NO (ARMON)CS AVA)LABLE is shown in the chart. Typically this indicates that the signal providing the fundamental frequency measurement the FUND setting in the MEAS CONF)G screen for this VPA is not present, or that the selected channel is not configured for harmonics measurements see the FUND and (ARMON)CS settings in the MEAS CONF)G screen for this VPA , or you have selected a relative chart and only the fundamental is available. )f the frequency is shown colored orange then the harmonics are not locked closely enough to allow accurate measurement of all configured harmonics. The actual number of harmonic bars shown may be lower than the configured setting due to the maximum harmonic frequency constraints for the selected channel dependent on the channel type, the actual fundamental frequency, and the (ARMON)CS and BANDW)DT( settings on the MEAS CONF)G screen for the selected VPA . When showing watts harmonics the height of the bar is independent of the polarity, the polarity is shown in the numeric harmonics listing to the left of the chart. -
Page 55: Comparing Harmonics Against Limits
12.7.2 COMPARING HARMONICS AGAINST LIMITS The XT has the ability to compare voltage and current harmonics against limits set for each harmonic independently for voltage and current. )f limits are enabled to be shown then‐ The bar chart includes a red line indicating the limit for each checked harmonic Colors the portion of any failing harmonic bar as red above the limit the example above shows this Colors the numerical listing for each compared harmonic as either green pass or red fail or white not checked Shows the overall pass/fail status in the L)M)T button colored red or green )n the example shown above only the and harmonics have limits defined and the harmonic is failing. Note: When configured for EN ‐ ‐ measurements then you can select any of the classifications of EUT specified in the standard. The limits employed are, if needed, calculated from the actual current, power and/or power factor measurements. This is not a regulatory assessment, but may be used for informative purposes When configured for EN ‐ ‐ measurements then you can select any of the limits tables specified in the standard. The limits employed are calculated from the actual current measurements. This is not a regulatory assessment, but may be used for informative purposes )n order to compare harmonics against user limits you must define those limits as follows– 12.7.2.1 COMPARING AGAINST USER LIMITS Create the harmonic limit for each required harmonic. This can be achieved by using the interface to command the limits directly into the XT Or, they can be exported from a XT which already has the harmonics limits defined and then importing that file into this XT using a USB drive. -
Page 56: Viewing Fundamental Signal Vectors - The Vectors Screen
Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. The VECTORS Screen gives you access to polar charts of voltage and current fundamental vectors and a numerical listing of that data 12.8 VIEWING FUNDAMENTAL SIGNAL VECTORS ‐ THE VECTORS SCREEN which includes sequence data if showing a VPA which is configured for ø w W)R)NG . The VECTORS Screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the VECTORS button. The displayed vectors and the corresponding numerical data are controlled by the buttons across the top of the screen in order from left to right – Selection of the channel or VPA for which to display the vectors. Selection of the vector traces to show. The available selections are dependent on whether a channel or a VPA is selected and if a VPA is selected then also the W)R)NG configuration of that VPA. For each available trace‐ A trace is enabled if the S(OW button is highlighted colored green. Pressing the S(OW button toggles whether the trace is selected or not. Pressing the COLOR button changes the color of that trace to the next available color, the name of the trace being changed shows which color will be used for that trace and the numerical data for it. Note: )f no fundamental harmonic data is available for the selected channel or VPA then the vector chart is blank, there are no numerical results on the left side, and NO FUNDAMENTAL is displayed centered in the chart. )f no traces have been enabled to be shown then the vector chart is blank, there are no numerical results on the left side, and NO TRACES SELECTED is displayed centered in the chart. )f the frequency is shown colored orange then the harmonics are not locked closely enough to allow accurate phase measurements. The length of all voltage vectors are scaled such the longest vector just touches the outer boundary of the chart and the other voltage vectors are scaled relative to this. The length of all current vectors are scaled such the longest vector just touches the outer boundary of the chart and the other current vectors are scaled relative to this. -
Page 57: Graphically Viewing Past Measurements - The History Screen
Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. The ()STORY Screen gives you access to charts of up to four measured results vs elapsed time. All available data are always 12.9 GRAPHICALLY VIEWING PAST MEASUREMENTS – THE HISTORY SCREEN recorded without you having to make configuration settings. The only configuration needed is that needed to select the data to display and to format the display of those selected data, this has no effect on the recorded data. You may select to display the same data on more than one trace, each with different scaling and offset as desired. The ()STORY Screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the ()STORY button. Each trace is drawn showing the average and the extents of the data within each pixel. The average is drawn with full brightness, while the extents are shown using a lower brightness between the lowest and highest extents. The minimum and maximum measurements from every individual measurement period is maintained, and for individual sample based data such as peak this gives you continuous coverage of down to µs resolution data for millions of years without data loss. To the left of the chart there is textual information indicating the data selection, color, scaling and offset settings for each enabled trace in a brief format. Unless you have zoomed or stopped the chart, the right end of the chart is now and the left end is when the chart was started. Note: )f no traces are enabled to be shown on the chart then NO TRACES SELECTED is shown in the chart. You do not have to be viewing the ()STORY screen for data to be collected. You do not have to start RUNN)NG unless you specifically stopped it. Since all available historical data are always saved while RUNN)NG, you are free to change traces at will without needing to retake data, you can also reconfigure measurements at any time. Traces are drawn in numerical order, trace first, and then trace , and so on. So the highest numbered enabled trace is the uppermost trace if traces overlap. The ()STORY screen traces are selected and configured by using the TRACES button at the top of the screen. The example below 12.9.1 SELECTING AND CONFIGURING THE TRACES TO SHOW shows the screen which is used to configure the traces to be shown. -
Page 58: Changing The Way In Which Time Is Displayed On The Chart
Pressing the S(OW button toggles the trace on/off. The button is highlighted colored green when enabled. Change the color by repeatedly pressing the COLOR button until the adjacent trace number shows the desired color. There are two, three or four buttons to the right of the COLOR button which allow you to set the desired measurement data to trace. The measurement data selected is the combination of these settings. The button in the /D)V column allows you to set the scaling in the units of the selected measurement data. Note that this is entered per division and there are a total of six vertical divisions in the chart. This can also be set to the best / / values to show all traces within the extents of the chart when the AUTOSCALE button is pressed on the ()STORY screen. The buttons in the OFFSET column allows you to set the measurement data value and the place on the chart to position that value. For example if a voltage trace was set for a . A offset value and the offset set to CENTER, then the resulting trace will be in the center of the chart vertically when it has the . A value, if higher than . A then it will be higher by an amount set by the scaling required and will be lower if below . A. Usually if you are plotting data that can be positive or negative and it is wished to set the chart to cover the entire range of possible values, then you should set an offset of at the CENTER, and set the scaling to ensure the trace stays within the divisions on either side of the center. Usually if you are plotting data which is always positive such as T(D or CF for example and it is wished to set the chart to cover the entire range of possible values, then you should set an offset of at the BOTTOM, and set the scaling to ensure the trace stays within the divisions of the chart. Usually if you wish to plot the deviation of data from some nominal expected value then you should set that expected nominal value as the offset and set for the offset CENTER location, and set the scaling as desired to make any deviations easily visible. The T)ME button second from the left across the top of the screen allows you to select how times are shown on this screen. 12.9.2 CHANGING THE WAY IN WHICH TIME IS DISPLAYED ON THE CHART )f T)ME<‐ is selected then time is shown below the horizontal axis of the chart with at the right corresponding to now... -
Page 59: Rescaling The Chart Traces
Or, press anywhere on the chart, this places a cursor at the horizontal position pressed. You may drag the cursor in this manner and if dragged off the left or right edges of the chart then it will also scroll the displayed timespan, or you may simply reposition the cursor by pressing somewhere else on the chart. The screen below shows an example of a ()STORY data screen with the cursor shown and zoomed in. When the cursor is shown – The CURSOR button is highlighted colored green The time position of the cursor is shown above the cursor line The cursor remains at the same position in time relative to the start of the data collection. The textual data in the left side of the screen changes to show the maximum, average and minimum data recorded for each trace in the time increment corresponding to the width of one pixel at the present cursor position. You may zoom the chart horizontally by pressing the ZOOM+ button next to the CURSOR button . While zoomed – You may zoom in further by pressing the ZOOM+ again, or may zoom back by pressing the ZOOM‐ button. The cursor remains set to the same time as it was prior to zooming, but it may still be moved within the timespan of the zoomed chart by pressing at the desired location within the chart. The cursor may be moved beyond the left and right ends of the timespan being viewed by dragging it beyond those edges, in that case the cursor remains at the edge and the chart timespan being shown is changed. This enables you to drag the timespan being viewed without having to zoom back out. Each ZOOM+ press changes the horizontal timing by a nominal factor of : and a maximum of zoom levels are allowed i.e. the maximum zoom is : . When the chart is zoomed by the maximum factor the span of the zoom changes to reflect that it is constrained to be a minimum of / of the overall history timespan however the cursor position remains the same. Any zoom can be cancelled and the screen returned to the non‐zoomed state without a cursor at any time by pressing the CURSOR button while it is highlighted. You can press the AUTOSCALE button to rescale all traces to the most optimum / / scales per division to maintain all traces just 12.9.6 RESCALING THE CHART TRACES within the vertical extents of the chart. This action changes the scaling for each enabled trace entered in the TRACES configuration... -
Page 60: Historical Data Availability
Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. Not all measured data are available, the available data are shown in the list provided below which has been shortened by the use of 12.9.8 HISTORICAL DATA AVAILABILITY the following– C(n Any of C( , C( , C( or C( Any of VPA , VPA or VPA Any of øA, øB, øC or øD Any of ( … FREQ:C(n VOLTS:An:( WATTS:An:( PF:An:pX FREQ:An AMPS:C(n:DC WATTS:)N PF:An:pX:( VOLTS:C(n:DC AMPS:C(n:AC WATTS:M)DDLE PF:An:øAC:AC VOLTS:C(n:AC AMPS:C(n:ACDC WATTS:OUT PF:An:øAC:ACDC VOLTS:C(n:ACDC AMPS:C(n LOSS:)N‐M)D PF:An:øAC... -
Page 61: Viewing Periodic Waveforms - The Cycle View Screen
The SCOPE Screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the SCOPE button. There are actually two 12.10 USING THE XT2640 AS AN OSCILLOSCOPE – THE SCOPE SCREENS totally independent SCOPE screens providing the ability to use the XT as an oscilloscope– CYCLE V)EW – Always shows a single fundamental cycle of the waveforms. Requires no specific configuration. Time resolution of the greater of . ns or / of a cycle. You can view the volts, amps and/or watts signals for any channel and/or inter‐phase voltage signals. You can view the same signal in multiple traces, each with different vertical scaling and offsets. You can auto‐scale the traces to ensure they fit on the chart. Allows up to traces to be simultaneously viewed. Perfect for the inspection of periodic waveforms with extreme amplitude and time detail available. SCOPE V)EW – A multi‐channel digital oscilloscope with many enhancements. Up to channels volts, amps and/or watts signals in each channel and/or inter‐phase voltage signals, up to six viewable at a time. You can change traces and/or trace scaling without having to retrigger. All data captured with full bit resolution so you can change traces and/or trace scaling without having to retrigger. You can auto‐scale the traces to ensure they fit on the chart. You can show the same signal in multiple traces, each with different vertical scaling and offsets. User configurable trigger and timebase. Cursor with timebase zoom capability. Can automatically remove any configured (F filtering and select the () current range during the scope capture and then replace the original settings after completion of the capture, perfect for current inrush measurements. Continuous or single trigger. Perfect for capturing non‐periodic waveforms and transients such as inrush current for example . Which screen is viewed is selected by the upper left button of the SCOPE screen. The presently selected screen view name is displayed in the button, which toggles every time it is pressed. - Page 62 and it needs to know the fundamental frequency. Since the XT always ensures that every cycle of the signals are sampled at different phases within them, a complete high resolution image of a single cycle is obtained using the actual samples of the actual signals. )f no traces are enabled to be shown on the chart then NO TRACES SELECTED is displayed on the chart and the chart is blank. )f the period is shown colored orange then the XT is not locked closely enough to allow an accurate representation of the signals. You can press the AUTOSCALE button to rescale all traces to the most optimum / / scales per division to maintain all traces just within the vertical extents of the chart. This action changes the scaling for each enabled trace entered in the TRACES configuration. The only configuration needed is to select the traces and to set the trace color, scaling and offset for each. This is performed by 12.10.1.1 CONFIGURING TRACES pressing the TRACES button. An example of the screen which allows configuration of the traces is shown below. All traces must be from the same VPA, so the required VPA must be selected prior to selecting any traces. For each trace– Pressing the S(OW button toggles the trace on/off. The button is highlighted colored green when enabled. Change the color by pressing the COLOR button until the adjacent trace number shows the desired color. There are two buttons to the right of the COLOR button which allows you to select the channel and signal to trace. Either the voltage or current or watts signals or the inter‐phase voltage signals may be traced. The watts signal is the result of multiplying the voltage and current signals. The button in the /D)V column allows you to set the scaling in the units of the selected signal. Note that this is entered per division and there are a total of vertical divisions in the chart above and below the centerline . This can also be set to the best / / values to show all traces within the extents of the chart when the AUTOSCALE button is pressed on the CYCLE V)EW screen. The button in the OFFSET column allows you to set the signal level which will correspond to the centerline of the chart. Note: Traces are drawn in numerical order, trace first, and then trace , and so on. So the highest numbered enabled trace is the uppermost trace if traces overlap.
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Page 63: An Oscilloscope - The Scope View Screen
Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. 12.10.2 AN OSCILLOSCOPE – THE SCOPE VIEW SCREEN The above example shows the voltage in blue and current in red waveforms of an inrush current with the cursor positioned at the maximal current. The CONF)G button allows you to configure the trigger and timebase. While in remote you can only view the trigger and timebase 12.10.2.1 CONFIGURING THE TRIGGER AND TIMEBASE settings but cannot change them. When changes are made any previously captured traces are cleared. Pressing the SOURCE button allows you to select the trigger source from the available signals. Note that the scope always captures all signals in the channels which are configured in the same VPA as that of the trigger source. )f a VPA is configured with its LF/PER)OD setting selecting as another VPA and the trigger source channel is in either of these VPAs, then channels may be in either of these two VPAs. Pressing the TYPE button allows you to select the trigger detection type. )f you select DC rising edge the scope is triggered when the selected signal changes from below the trigger level to above the trigger level. (F filtering is provided to reduce the possibility of small glitches causing a trigger. )f you select DC falling edge the scope is triggered when the selected signal changes from above the trigger level to below the trigger level. (F filtering is provided to reduce the possibility of small glitches causing a trigger. )f you select ABS DC the scope is triggered when the selected signal is above the trigger level or below the negative of the trigger level. This setting is particularly useful when triggering on inrush currents or voltage transients because you do not know which polarity the transient will be. (F filtering is provided to reduce the possibility of small glitches causing a trigger. Note that setting this trigger type and a trigger level of zero or close to zero will cause the scope capture to always trigger as the signal is always either above or below zero. - Page 64 Recommendations: For viewing repetitive signals. Either the DC rising edge or DC falling edge selections should be made. For viewing a current inrush or startup event. The ABS DC selection should be made. For viewing fast transients. The (F selection should be made. Pressing the LEVEL button allows you to select the trigger detection level in the units of the signal. For the ABS DC or (F trigger types only positive values can be used and you should not enter a trigger level of zero, as the signal will always trigger. Pressing the POS)T)ON button allows you to set where the trigger position is located on the unzoomed chart. You may select %, % or Pressing the T)MEBASE button allows you to select the timebase in units of time per division similarly to an oscilloscope. Timebase settings between us and s per division are available. Pressing the CAPTURE MODE button allows you to choose whether the scope capture will be performed normally NORMAL setting or performed for inrush capture )NRUS( setting . When configured for the )NRUS( setting the following changes are made – While a capture is being performed all D current option channels which are unscaled have the () current range forced. After capture of the scope trace this is released back to the configured current range. While a capture is being performed any BANDW)DT( setting in the MEAS CONF)G screen is ignored and the captured signal will not be bandwidth limited by that setting. After capture of the scope trace this is released back to the configured setting. After a capture is obtained the cursor is automatically turned on and positioned at the maximum signal of trace . This enables direct readout of the maximum inrush current for example . Recommendation: The )NRUS( capture mode is recommended for performing inrush current measurements. This enables the use of the optimal MEAS CONF)G settings for normal power measurements while still allowing accurate measurement of inrush currents. Although this can be used with continuous triggering, this is primarily intended for use with single triggered captures. The example configuration shown above shows a typical configuration for inrush...
- Page 65 The oscilloscope may be run in either S)NGLE or CONT modes similarly to a normal oscilloscope. 12.10.2.3 RUNNING A SCOPE CAPTURE Pressing the CONT button starts continuous oscilloscope captures. While capturing in CONT mode the button is colored green and is labelled RUNN)NG. Shortly after triggering and capturing all signals, the scope will wait for another trigger event. While capturing in CONT mode you may press the CONT button to stop capturing signals, or may press the button to its right to make a S)NGLE mode capture instead. Pressing the S)NGLE button starts a single oscilloscope capture. While capturing in S)NGLE mode the button is colored green. After triggering and capturing all signals, the scope will stop. While capturing in S)NGLE mode you may press the S)NGLE button to abort the capture, or may press the CONT button to initiate CONT mode instead. While capturing, the S)NGLE button is labelled with the status of the scope signal capture‐ PRETR)G. )ndicates that the scope is collecting sufficient signal to accommodate the configured trigger position. WA)T)NG. )ndicates that the scope is waiting for a trigger event. TR)G D. )ndicates that the scope is collecting the signals after a trigger event has been detected but there is not enough signal captured to fill the screen yet. Recommendations: The BANDW)DT( setting for the VPA also bandwidth limits all signals for the scope. This can limit your ability to use the (F trigger type if set for a fast timebase. )f you intend to use the (F trigger type to detect very fast glitches on a much lower frequency signal then it is recommended to configure the VPA measurements for an BANDW)DT( setting of UNF)LTERED. )f using the )NRUS( capture mode then the BANDW)DT( is ignored during the scope capture. The actual ‐ dB bandwidth of the captured signals is displayed below the chart. )f the intention is to trigger on an inrush event, then the use of the ABS DC trigger type is recommended, using the current signal as the trigger source and setting the trigger level to a suitable current level which you expect the inrush current to exceed. Typically S)NGLE captures are used for inrush capture. )f the intention is to trigger on a mains supply surge then the ABS DC trigger type is recommended, using the voltage signal as the trigger source and setting the trigger level to a suitable voltage level just above the peak level of the highest expected normal mains voltage. Typically CONT mode is used for mains supply surge capture as this enables the XT to detect another surge without user intervention. )f the intention is to trigger on mains supply glitches then the (F trigger type is recommended, using the voltage signal as the trigger source and setting the trigger level to a voltage level just high enough to not trigger on whatever glitches are normally present. Typically CONT mode is used for mains supply glitch capture as this enables the XT to detect another glitch without user intervention.
- Page 66 )f no traces are enabled to be shown on the chart then NO TRACES SELECTED is displayed on the chart and the chart is blank. You may change the trace selections as required without having to capture further data. All signals within the VPA are always captured with full resolution, allowing the trace colors, the trace signals, or the trace scaling and offset to be altered at will after the capture. The scaling for the traces may be altered to ensure the best fit on the chart by pressing the AUTOSCALE button on the SCOPE V)EW screen. When pressed, the XT changes the configured scaling to the optimum / / scaling to just maintain each trace within the extents of the chart. A vertically drawn cursor may be placed on to the chart by you. There are three ways of achieving this – 12.10.2.4.1 Using the Cursor and Zooming the View Pressing the CURSOR button at the top of the screen, this action places a cursor at the last used position of the cursor or at the trigger position if the cursor has not been used before. Or, pressing anywhere on the chart, this action places a cursor at the position pressed. You may drag the cursor in this manner, or may reposition the cursor by pressing somewhere else on the chart. Or, using the )NRUS( capture mode. This automatically places a cursor at the maximum signal of trace . The screen below shows the capture of an inrush current zoomed in on the initial inrush peak. When the cursor is shown – The CURSOR button is highlighted colored green The time position of the cursor is shown above the cursor line The textual data in the left side of the screen changes to show the signal level captured for each trace at the time of the present cursor position. You may zoom the chart horizontally by pressing the ZOOM button; when pressed you are prompted the select the zoom timebase. While zoomed – When the ZOOM button is pressed the cursor position is centered in the screen. The ZOOM button is highlighted colored green. The cursor remains set to the same time as it was prior to zooming, but it may still be moved within the timespan of the zoomed chart by pressing at the desired location within the chart. The cursor may be moved beyond the left and right ends of the timespan being viewed by dragging it beyond those edges, in that case the cursor remains at the edge and the chart timespan being shown is changed. This enables you to drag the timespan being viewed without having to zoom back out. Any zoom can be cancelled and the screen returned to the non‐zoomed state without a cursor at any time by pressing the CURSOR button while it is highlighted. The methods for performing this are fully described in section 12.10.2.5 EXPORTING OR RECORDING SCOPE VIEW DATA...
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Page 67: Performing And Viewing A Spectrum Analysis - The Spectrum Screen
Alternatively you can make a record of the SCOPE V)EW screen by saving an image of it to a graphic file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. Note that the trigger configuration and any bandwidth limitation are included on the screen, enabling these to be included in the recorded image. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. 12.11 PERFORMING EN50564 LOW POWER MEASUREMENTS – THE STBY POWER The STBY POWER Screen gives you the ability to configure, start/stop, and view the results of low power measurements in SCREEN accordance with EN . The use of this screen is detailed in section The ASSESS EUT Screen gives you the ability to configure and perform EUT assessments compliant with EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ . The 12.12 PERFORMING EN61000‐3‐2 OR ‐12 ASSESSMENTS – THE ASSESS EUT SCREEN use of this screen is detailed in section 12.13 PERFORMING AND VIEWING A SPECTRUM ANALYSIS – THE SPECTRUM This is only available if option ( is installed and only if the XT is configured for spectrum analysis by the MEAS MODE SCREEN setting on the MEAS CONF)G screen. Normally the XT is used for general power analysis and harmonic analysis purposes, but in some situations it may be desirable to perform spectrum analysis on the signals instead of harmonic analysis. )f option ( is installed, then this is possible in the . An example of this is for measuring distortion in accordance with some avionics specifications which require a spectral analysis to be performed with (z resolution for frequencies up to k(z note that this maximum frequency requires W channel types as it is... -
Page 68: Holding Measurements While Performing Spectrum Analysis
power analysis. An example of this would be performing power analysis with a . second measurement period and spectrum analysis with a (z frequency resolution so having a second MEASUR)NG period . This is because when the frequency resolution is set to a low value the MEASUR)NG period for the spectrum analysis spans several power analysis measurement periods, so any changes required due to measurements made in power analysis will interfere slightly with the spectrum analysis being performed. )f the MEASUR)NG period is less than that of the power analysis measurement period then these recommendations do not need to be considered typically. There are two points which may need to be considered – Range changes could occur because of power analysis measurements if using D current option channels and they are configured with A RANGE set for AUTO. )f it is possible that a range change could occur while performing low frequency resolution spectrum analysis then it is recommended that the AUTO A RANGE setting is not used. To ensure that the sampling frequency of the signals is not an exact multiple of the fundamental or any harmonics of the actual signals during power analysis, the actual sampling frequency is slightly modified in real‐time to prevent this. These slight changes in the sampling frequency slightly broaden the effective bandwidth of the spectrum analysis results. )f you wish to have the best performance for spectrum analysis when using a low frequency resolution and also using a high ratio between the resolution and maximum frequencies then it is recommended to use a F)XED FUND setting for power analysis or a NO FUND setting which prevents this from occurring. Measurements can be held and released as described in section . . . 12.13.3 HOLDING MEASUREMENTS WHILE PERFORMING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS )f a measurement hold is imposed during the MEASUR)NG phase of spectrum analysis then the measurement being collected is abandoned and the displayed spectrum remains at that last shown. )f a measurement hold is imposed during the PROCESS)NG phase of spectrum analysis then the processing continues and the results of this processing will subsequently be displayed when this phase completes, but any further measurements will not be performed until the measurement hold is released. When operating in SPECTRUM mode, the (ARMON)CS screen button shown on the right side of most screens is replaced by a 12.13.4 VIEWING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS RESULTS SPECTRUM button. Pressing this button enables the results of the spectrum analysis to be viewed on the SPECTRUM screen. )f the spectrum takes more than nominally second to perform either phase of the analysis then a status bar is displayed as shown on the example screen above which indicates the percentage completion of the MEASUR)NG phase and the PROCESS)NG phase as appropriate. - Page 69 Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SPECTRUM button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. Alternatively you can make a record of the SPECTRUM screen by saving an image of it to a graphic file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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Page 70: Optimizing Low-Level Dc Performance
13 OPTIMIZING LOW‐LEVEL DC PERFORMANCE )f you are only using measurements configured as AC i.e. not DC or AC+DC or the AC levels are significantly higher than any expected DC levels e.g. more than : higher then low level DC performance is not required and this section can be ignored. The XT automatically checks the internal DC zeroes if the environment has significantly changed and then applies any changes 13.1 INTERNAL DC ZERO ADJUSTMENT as needed. The automatic tracking of environmental changes can be disabled by selecting OFF for the AUTOZERO setting in the PREFERENCES screen, in which case the user should occasionally perform this )nternal DC Zero operation manually. This is achieved by pressing the SYS CONF)G button from any main screen and then pressing the )NTERNAL button in the DC ZERO area. The XT will then perform an )nternal DC Zero operation and save the adjustments recorded. A screen will show the progress of the operation and will wait for you to press the RETURN button on that screen when the action has been successfully completed. Recommendations: )f AUTOZERO has been set to OFF then it is recommended to perform this )nternal DC Zero operation at least daily, or whenever the environment has changed by more than ± C from that in which it was last performed. )f AUTOZERO has been set to ON but the XT is in a significantly different environment that in which it was calibrated then there will be a few minutes after turning on the XT while the DC zeroes are tracking that change in environment. To reduce this small shift during the first few minutes of operation you may wish to perform an )nternal DC Zero operation in the normally used environment, otherwise there is no need to perform this operation. Note: This operation takes a few seconds and does not require that signals be removed from the XT terminals. Note that this operation only affects channels which are configured for use. While performing the )nternal DC Zero you should not send any configuration interface commands to the XT )f you are using external current transducers or shunts which may have a significant DC offset in their output you can perform an 13.2 EXTERNAL DC ZERO ADJUSTMENT External DC Zero operation to set those offsets to the presently measured values. This external DC zero operation can also be used to account for any external DC offsets leakage currents or thermally induced voltages or to adjust any remaining offsets in the XT caused by adverse environments e.g. nearby heat sources and/or unusual orientation of the XT This differs from the )nternal DC Zero described above because it corrects for any externally applied DC offset, so you must ensure... -
Page 71: Obtaining A Graphical And Numerical Inrush Current Measurement
14 PERFORMING STARTUP OR INRUSH MEASUREMENTS The XT provides several methods for performing measurements of )nrush or for device startup. Which method is chosen is up to you, as each has its merits. )t is assumed in this section that you are conversant with the general operating methods used in the XT as described in section This section is specifically written to describe two such methods for measuring )nrush currents; however it may equally be applied for other device startup measurements. Usually the measurement configuration suitable for inrush measurement is not the same as that used for normal power measurements. This often results in errors being made in either the inrush measurement or in normal power measurements because these configuration changes are forgotten or improperly made. )nrush measurements are usually performed with no bandwidth restrictions whereas normal power measurements may have a restricted bandwidth. )nrush measurements typically need to be performed on the () range of any D current option channels, whereas normal power measurements use the most optimal range of current measurement for the normal current levels of a device. 14.1 OBTAINING A GRAPHICAL AND NUMERICAL INRUSH CURRENT This first method described requires no specific configuration changes to the MEAS CONF)G screen to perform an inrush MEASUREMENT measurement as any changes required will be automatically applied. This has the advantage of being an easily repeatable measurement; the measurement is not dependent on remembering to re‐ configure for inrush measurements and remembering to reverse that later , and the configuration of the SCOPE can typically be left at the settings for the inrush measurement so they do not need to be changed and also none of these settings have any significant impact on the inrush measurement itself, only how it is displayed. For full details regarding using the SCOPE screen see section The example screen below shows an example SCOPE screen used for this purpose, showing an inrush current measurement having been performed. )n this case voltage was continuously applied to the XT terminals; the power switch of the device being tested was used to apply the power inrush. This can also be achieved by turning on and off the source of the voltage. Turn off the device being tested. )t does not matter if the voltage is switched off between the XT and the device so the voltage is always present at the XT or at the supply to the device + XT so the voltage is not initially present at the . Typically a device should have power removed for some period of time before re‐applying power for an inrush measurement often several minutes . - Page 72 This example uses channel as monitoring the power to the device being tested – any channel configured for measurements can be used. This example shows a mA trigger level being used. This is a typical trigger level to use for this purpose; however some devices being tested may draw more than this when turned off, in those cases this level should be increased to above the current level drawn by the device while turned off or consider switching the source of the power rather than using the device power switch . This example shows ms/division as the timebase and the trigger position will be at the % position on the screen – resulting in the final screen having ms shown before the trigger event and ms afterwards. You can select a different timebase as required if the inrush event is known to be shorter or longer. The % trigger position is recommended for this type of measurement. The CAPTURE MODE is selected as )NRUS(. This setting tells the XT to automatically ignore any bandwidth limitation provided by the existing BANDW)DT( setting and also to force the use of the () range of any unscaled D current option channels while the inrush capture is in progress. After the capture has been made then these settings will automatically revert to those configured. Configure the traces which will be shown on the screen. The screen below shows an example of two traces being configured to be captured current and voltage . As shown here, it is useful to include the supply voltage as a trace, as this allows you to inspect the supply voltage to see if it was being significantly disturbed by the inrush surge current and so having an impact on the inrush current measurement. Trace must be the signal which will measure the inrush current; the other traces can be any signals which are also desired to be captured. For each trace– Pressing the S(OW button toggles the trace on/off. The button is highlighted colored green when enabled. Change the color by pressing the COLOR button until the adjacent trace number shows the desired color. There are two buttons to the right of the COLOR button which allows you to select the channel and signal to trace. Either the voltage or current or watts signals may be traced. The watts signal is the result of multiplying the voltage and current signals. All traces must be in channels configured in the same VPA as that in which the trigger source channel is configured. The button in the /D)V column allows you to set the scaling in the units of the selected signal. Note that this is entered per division and there are a total of vertical divisions in the chart above and below the centerline . This can also be set after the capture has been made to the best / / values to show all traces within the extents of the chart when the AUTOSCALE button is pressed on the SCOPE V)EW screen. This only affects how the trace will subsequently be displayed...
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Page 73: Obtaining A Numerical Inrush Current Measurement
The button in the OFFSET column allows you to set the signal level which will correspond to the centerline of the chart. This only affects how the trace will subsequently be displayed and so can be changed afterwards. For this type of measurement this is typically set to zero. Press the S)NGLE button to initiate an inrush capture. The XT will now wait until an inrush event is detected by the current exceeding the trigger level set above, as shown by the S)NGLE button label changing to WA)T)NG. Apply power to the device. The XT screen will detect the current inrush and capture the signals as shown on the screen. The screen will have a cursor which is automatically set to the position of the maximum inrush current, and the numerical data to the left of the chart will show the signals at the cursor position so the trace data shows the maximum inrush current. You may re‐scale the traces vertically to properly show them on the screen if you wish. This is best accomplished by pressing the AUTOSCALE button which will automatically adjust the display scaling so that the traces optimally fit on the chart. You may zoom in to show more detail horizontally surrounding the inrush event by pressing the ZOOM button and selecting a zoom timebase which is faster that the timebase used for the capture. You may move the cursor by dragging it across chart. Pressing the CURSOR button repositions the cursor at the maximum inrush event position. The above may be repeated as many times as you wish without requiring any action by you other than pressing the S)NGLE button and then re‐applying power to the device. Any other screen may be viewed after the inrush capture is completed, the MEAS CONF)G settings were re‐activated and so all power measurements are as they are configured. This screen is still available though and can be returned to later. Before performing the inrush measurement in this manner, you must ensure that the present MEAS CONF)G screen settings are 14.2 OBTAINING A NUMERICAL INRUSH CURRENT MEASUREMENT compatible with performing such a measurement, and then replace the normal power measurement configuration settings afterwards. The XT must be configured typically with a UNF)LTERED setting for BANDW)DT(, or alternatively with a specific frequency bandwidth limit. All D current option channels which will be used for this inrush current measurement should be configured for the () A RANGE selection. (aving checked that the XT is correctly configured, you should now prepare to make the inrush measurement. The example screen below shows the XT POWER DATA screen which will be used for this purpose. Turn off the device being tested. )t does not matter if the voltage is switched off between the XT and the device so the voltage is always present at the XT... -
Page 74: Recording Inrush Data
peak current surge and a measure of the short‐term RMS current surge which is typically much lower than the peak surge . The Vpk, and V data shows the highest peak voltage and highest RMS voltage respectively. This is typically not particularly important for inrush current measurements, but if it shows very high voltages then this could indicate that the supply has excessive overshoot when recovering from the surge current so it might not be suitable for this type of testing. The W data shows the highest single measurement period power surge. Typically this is not used for inrush applications. Note: The measurements obtained for inrush are not affected by the RESPONSE setting for the VPA. )f it is desired to perform normal power measurements after performing inrush measurements using this method, then you must not forget to return to the MEAS CONF)G screen and re‐apply the original settings if any were altered for the inrush measurement. The methods for performing this are fully described in section 14.3 RECORDING INRUSH DATA Whichever method is used to obtain the inrush measurement, the resulting data can be recorded by saving an image of the screen showing the results to a graphic file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. Display the screen to be recorded. Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. )f the inrush waveform was captured using the SCOPE V)EW screen then that data can be exported to a .CSV format textual file on an external USB drive attached to the front panel USB port. This file contains a tabulation of the points in each SCOPE V)EW waveform for all channels. Briefly, this is performed by – )nsert the drive into the front panel USB port and wait for it to be READY. -
Page 75: Cintegrating Data
15 INTEGRATING DATA The XT can provide integrated results, for example A(r, W(r, VA(r etc.. This section describes how to configure integration and how to start and stop integration. )t is assumed in this section that you are conversant with the general operating methods used in the XT as described in section )ntegrated data measurement results can be viewed using the POWER DATA screens as described in section . . . for individual channel results or . . . for VPA total results . Note: You do not have to be viewing integrated data for data to be integrated. )ntegrated results do not only provide the total integrated data but also can provide you with bought, sold, charge and discharge integrated data as follows‐ Bought integrated data includes only data while the channel or VPA has positive Watts and is only available in VPAs which are not configured for DC ONLY COUPL)NG. Sold integrated data includes only data while the channel or VPA has negative Watts and is only available in VPAs which are not configured for DC ONLY COUPL)NG. Charge integrated data includes only data while the channel or VPA has positive DC Amps and is only available in VPAs which are configured for DC ONLY COUPL)NG. Discharge integrated data includes only data while the channel or VPA has negative DC Amps and is only available in VPAs which are configured for DC ONLY COUPL)NG. You may configure for manually controlled integration or for automatically time controlled integration by pressing the )ntegration 15.1 CONFIGURING INTEGRATION )nfo area when not performing integration. The START button on this screen makes any changes immediately active and starts integration. )f it is desired to manually control starting and stopping integration then select MANUAL as the MET(OD setting on this screen. 15.1.1 SELECTING TO PERFORM MANUALLY TIMED INTEGRATION )f it is desired to automatically control the timing and stopping of integration then select T)MED as the MET(OD setting on this 15.1.2... -
Page 76: Starting And Stopping Integration
When the ENT button is pressed the selected time unit area automatically changes to next area to the right, unless the seconds data is selected when the action is same as pressing the overall RETURN button. 15.2 STARTING AND STOPPING INTEGRATION M e a sure m e nt I nt e gra t ion I nfo Are a I nfo Are a All main screens have an integration info area as shown on the example screen above. This shows the present status of integration as follows – STOPPED. )ndicates that no integration is presently being performed. To start integration press the )ntegration )nfo Area and press the START button on that screen. RUNN)NG. )ndicates that a manually controlled integration is being performed. )ntegration will continue until manually stopped. Press the )ntegration )nfo Area to stop integration. PAUSED. )ndicates that a manually controlled integration is being performed but has been paused by you pressing the Measurement )nfo area to hold it. )ntegration will continue when the measurement hold is released or integration is manually stopped. Press the )ntegration )nfo Area to stop integration. DELAY. )ndicates that a timed integration is being performed and is delaying prior to collecting integrated data. The progress bar to the right shows how much of the delay has expired. Press the )ntegration )nfo Area to stop integration. RUN. )ndicates that a timed integration is being performed and is collecting integrated data. The progress bar to the right shows how much of the configured run time has expired. Press the )ntegration )nfo Area to stop integration. PAUSE. )ndicates that a timed integration is being performed, the delay time has expired, but the XT is not collecting integrated data because you have held measurement results. The progress bar to the right shows how much of the configured run time has expired. Press the )ntegration )nfo Area to stop integration. - Page 77 Press the DR)VE )NFO area of the screen, the screen shows the file export/import screen. Press the SCREEN )MAGE button. The screen changes to allowing you to enter a file name. Enter the desired file name the extension is automatically provided . )f the file already exists then you are prompted to respond if you wish to overwrite it or not. The file is then written. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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Page 78: Performing Measurements Of Pwm Generated Signals
16 PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS OF PWM GENERATED SIGNALS Because of its wide bandwidth and spread‐spectrum sampling method the XT can make high accuracy measurements of PWM based signals however the user should take some special precautions when wiring and configuring the XT specifically for these measurements. This section details those precautions. )t is assumed in this section that you are conversant with the general operating methods used in the XT as described in section Note: )n PWM applications the voltage signals contain significant signal content at two or more frequencies, typically – The carrier frequency . This is sometimes called the PWM switching frequency, also sometimes called the PWM Frequency. )n some sources this may be at a fixed frequency, while in others it may vary to reduce interference, improve efficiency, and/or improve waveform shape of the modulation signal content. )n most cases this is a square‐wave voltage whose peaks are fixed by the internal DC voltage from which the source is generated sometimes called the bus voltage and the duty cycle is continuously varied to control the modulation signal component. The carrier frequency component often the largest component of the voltage signals. The modulation frequency . This is the frequency at which the carrier frequency duty cycle is varied to cause signal content at a frequency much lower than the carrier frequency, including DC in some cases. )n the case where the load is a motor this is sometimes called the drive frequency and for a synchronous motor this frequency sets the motor speed. For an inductive load e.g. a motor the current signal generally includes very little of a carrier frequency component, being primarily only at the modulation frequency. When considering which channels to use in PWM applications it is important to consider the type of channel the letter of the two 16.1 CHOICE OF CHANNELS letter channel option . The letter is only important with regards to the current level and the type of transducer if one is being used. -
Page 79: Configuration Recommendations
16.3 CONFIGURATION RECOMMENDATIONS This setting is contained in the SYS CONF)G – PREFERENCES screen. 16.3.1 RECOMMENDED FREQ SPEED SYSTEM PREFERENCE )n most cases the NORMAL system preference setting for FREQ SPEED is recommended for PWM applications. )f the load is a variable speed motor and fast changes in speed are likely to occur then setting the FREQ SPEED preference to FAST should be considered. )n this case you should also consider using a short LF/PER)OD setting in the MEAS CONF)G for that VPA. )f the load is a motor being operated at a nominally fixed speed and the modulation frequency has significant jitter such as is often caused by motor jitter or by the beat between the modulation and carrier frequencies of the PWM signals then the SLOW setting should be considered. This can be of particular importance when viewing harmonics results as the beat frequencies between the modulation and carrier frequencies have the maximum effect on those results. Settings not described here are not affected by the signals having PWM content so no specific recommendations are needed. 16.3.2 RECOMMENDED MEAS CONFIG SETTINGS Generally there is no PWM specific precaution regarding this setting. (owever you should consider that this setting not only affects 16.3.2.1 LF/PERIOD SETTING the measurement period and so the update rate but also sets the minimum frequency measurable by the XT , which can be of importance when using a variable modulation frequency e.g. a variable speed motor drive . )f it is important that the measurement results track significant rapid changes in modulation frequency or other measurement results then this should be set for as fast of a LF/PER)OD setting as possible for the minimum modulation frequency to be measured. )f the load is inductive such as a motor then the CURRENT setting should be used; only if there is no load or the load is not 16.3.2.2 FUND SETTING inductive should the VOLTAGE setting be used. )f either the CURRENT or VOLTAGE setting is used then the maximum frequency entered should be as low as possible, at or slightly above the maximum expected modulation frequency and below the minimum expected carrier frequency. )f the amount of modulation is very low, particularly if VOLTAGE is selected, then the XT might not be able to extract the modulation frequency from the selected signal and in those cases you should select a F)XED setting and enter a frequency equal to the modulation frequency. The frequency entered will need to be changed if the modulation frequency is changed. There are two possible methods of configuring the bandwidth of measurements of PWM based signals, each method has its merits. -
Page 80: Pwm Generator Efficiency Measurements
)f harmonics measurements are not required then this should be set to either or if set to then the vectors and cycle view 16.3.2.4 HARMONICS SETTING screens are available, otherwise they are not . Otherwise, this setting depends on the BANDW)DT( setting method selected. Generally, because of the presence of the PWM carrier signal, measurement of more than a few harmonics is inappropriate in these applications. BANDW)DT( set to UNF)LTERED. The XT applies sufficient bandwidth restrictions only to harmonics measurements in this case so it is necessary to ensure that harmonic measurements do not include any significant artifacts of the PWM carrier frequency. You should compute the highest required harmonic having a frequency of of the PWM carrier frequency and enter that number or less for the (ARMON)CS setting. )f the drive is subsequently operated at a different modulation frequency then this setting may need to be altered. For example, if the modulation frequency is (z and the PWM carrier frequency is k(z then the highest recommended (ARMON)CS setting is / * . BANDW)DT( set to USER. )n this case the value set for (ARMON)CS selects the highest limit for the number of available harmonics but the XT will also automatically and dynamically limit it to the harmonic having a frequency of of the BANDW)DT( frequency setting. So in this case this setting only sets a maximum limit to the number of available harmonics, typically the actual number is limited by the BANDW)DT( setting. BANDW)DT( set to AUTO‐TRACK. )n this case the XT will automatically limit the bandwidth to times the frequency of the highest harmonic set by the (ARMON)CS setting. You should set a (ARMON)CS setting of less than PWM carrier frequency / *highest modulation frequency . For example, if the highest expected modulation frequency is (z and the PWM carrier frequency is k(z then the highest recommended (ARMON)CS setting is / * Note:... - Page 81 The FUND setting of the DC VPA should be set to the VPA measuring the PWM Generator. The (ARMON)CS setting for the DC VPA should be set to it can also be set to a non‐zero value, in which case the ripple content of the DC supply will be available as harmonics . Use the same LF/PER)OD and RESPONSE settings in both VPAs. )n this manner the two VPA measurements will be closely synchronized by always starting them at the same time so efficiency will track fast changes to signals. Both measurement periods will be almost the same, so synchronization will be very close and measurements will be almost continuous as any pauses between measurements will be very short typically a few tens of µsec . )f there will be significant changes to the levels or signals which require tracking for efficiency results and the supply is either DC containing ripple at some frequency other than the modulation frequency, or it is an AC supply e.g. mains . The MEAS MODE should be set to SYNC VPA. Both sets of measurements should be configured in separate VPAs. Any VPA can be used for either measurement and both are independently configured. )t is recommended that, if possible, both LF/PER)OD settings be the same value. Use the same RESPONSE setting in both VPAs. )n this manner the two VPA measurements will be closely synchronized by always starting them at the same time, even though they might not actually end at exactly the same time, so efficiency will track fast changes to signals as much as possible but there may be a slight difference between the two measurement periods and neither measurement will be continuous as each must wait for the other to finish before it can restart. )f none of the above situations are true, or if you are uncertain if any of the above situations are true. The MEAS MODE should be set to MULT) VPA. Both sets of measurements should be configured in separate VPAs. Any VPA can be used for either measurement and both are completely independently configured. Although the two measurement periods will be asynchronous you can reduce any abnormal efficiency results during fast changes as follows – Use the same LF/PER)OD setting in both VPAs if possible.
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Page 82: Performing En50564 Low Power Measurements
17 PERFORMING EN50564 LOW POWER MEASUREMENTS The STBY POWER Screen gives you the ability to configure, start/stop, and view the results of low power measurements in accordance with EN )t is assumed in this section that you are conversant with the general operating methods used in the XT as described in section The STBY POWER screen can be selected for view from any of the Main Data Screens by pressing the STBY POWER button. The XT has the ability to perform low power measurements independently in each VPA, so a single XT can perform up to independent low power measurements. You select which VPA is being configured, controlled and viewed by using the VPA button the leftmost across the top of the screen . The XT performs the low power measurement in accordance with EN para. . . , which is the recommended method for all low power measurements. )f you prefer a measurement according to EN para. . . Average reading method or . . Direct meter reading method then these can be accommodated using the POWER DATA screen with the VPA properly configured and as needed using the )ntegration capabilities of the XT described elsewhere in this document. The STBY POWER screen should generally not be used for these methods, but you should note that the method employed in the STBY POWER screen to EN . . is the recommended approach and should always be used if there is any doubt regarding the behavior of the product or stability of the mode . -
Page 83: Low Power Measurement Configuration
The XT performs one sample every measurement period, so to strictly accommodate the requirement of EN para. 17.1.1.1 RECOMMENDED LF/PERIOD SETTING . . that there must be at least one sample per second the VPA must be configured for a LF/PER)OD setting of either (z/ . s, (z/ . s or ms. Recommendation: Generally, the (z/ . s setting is recommended for LF/PER)OD which exceeds the requirement by a factor of : ; however for shorter low power measurements, or where the load is known to have fast excursions in power, the ms setting should be considered. measurements are normally performed on mains power. 17.1.1.2 RECOMMENDED FUND SETTING Recommendation: Generally, the MA)NS setting for FUND is recommended. para. . . requires that power measurement be made with a frequency response exceeding 2KHz . 17.1.1.3 RECOMMENDED BANDWIDTH SETTING Recommendation: Generally, the AUTO‐TRACK setting for BANDW)DT( is recommended which fully meets this requirement. - Page 84 The XT can perform two types of measurement as defined by EN para. . . . These are set as EN . . a and 17.1.2.1 SETTING THE EN50564:2011 METHOD . . d for the MET(OD setting and relate to the first and fourth methods described in EN para. . . respectively, i.e. the methods for measuring power consumption within a mode is not cyclic… . . a and Modes that are known (based on instructions for use, specifications or measurements) to be of limited duration… . . d . Note: The use of not cyclic in EN can be confusing. )t does not mean that the load does not vary; it simply means that any variation does not have a known and constant frequency of variation. Recommendation: )n almost all circumstances the . . a setting should be used. The DATALOG button allows you to select if the XT is to automatically start and stop data logging when a low power 17.1.2.2...
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Page 85: Performing A Low Power Measurement And Viewing The Results
Note: You may also manually stop the measurement, and by setting an END level of . W and a START level of . W then effectively the measurement period will be totally manually controlled. 17.1.3 PERFORMING A LOW POWER MEASUREMENT AND VIEWING THE RESULTS You can START and manually stop a low power measurement by pressing the START button which is labelled STOP while a measurement is being performed . This controls low power measurements in all channels within the selected VPA. Note: For strict accordance with EN para. . the voltage source to the device being measured may need to be a regulated power source with limits on the voltage level and stability, frequency value and stability, voltage crest factor and voltage distortion. )t is possible that the local mains supply meets these requirements, but this is often not the case. Also, the EN requirements for voltage level and frequency are often overridden by other standards, usually calling for EN measurement of power and imposing limits on the measurement result, but which are specific to local supply voltages or frequencies different to those defined in EN . The XT maintains a record of the voltage level, frequency, voltage crest factor and voltage T(D during a low power measurement and reports the range of these measurements encountered during the measurement, and also reports if any of the crest factor or T(D requirements are exceeded by coloring the data red if those EN requirements are exceeded, but the XT does not stop a low power measurement nor otherwise prevent the user from recording the final measurement result. You do not have to remain on the STBY POWER screen during the measurement. The measurement will automatically progress whether this screen is being displayed or not. The measurement hold capability of the XT is not applied to the STBY POWER results. The following data is shown in each of the results areas on this screen, listed in order from top to bottom in each area. Except for the total measurement time, all data is for the last / of the measurement time if configured for EN . -
Page 86: Recording Stby Power Data
The average AC+DC RMS load current. 17.1.3.4 AMPS RESULTS AREA The range of AC+DC RMS load current encountered. This is colored RED if this exceeds the capabilities of the XT during the last / of the measurement time. The highest load current crest factor CF encountered. This data is not required by EN but is included for informative purposes. The average AC+DC PF. 17.1.3.5 PF RESULTS AREA The range of AC+DC PF encountered. This data is not required by EN but is included for informative purposes. The average Ue XT watts measurement error . 17.1.3.6 UE RESULTS AREA The range of Ue XT watts measurement error encountered. This is colored RED if this exceeds the requirements of Note: To ensure strict accordance with EN para. . during the measurement the XT maintains a record of the Ue power measurement accuracy as defined by EN para. . . . The measurements are maintained in real‐ time during the measurement, dynamically applying the MCR correction on the limit as required by EN para. -
Page 87: Testing Compliance To Harmonics Emissions Standards
‐ ‐ measurements by configuring the measurement mode of the XT to either EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ and the measurements can be obtained via an interface which allows you to perform compliance testing via an interface with suitable computer software which implements the assessment requirements Vitrek does not provide such software . )n some situations you may be required to make measurements of results such as T(C without actually performing an assessment of the EUT. Generally this is a requirement in the standards which is to be performed by a EUT manufacturer to predetermine the EUT conditions under which to provide formal assessments of the EUT undertaken by a testing agency. )n these situations you should configure the XT for the applicable measurement mode EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ and use the (ARMON)CS screen to view the actual real‐time T(C measurement result while changing the EUT conditions. You can record this result by saving an image of the applicable (ARMON)CS screen from the XT to a USB drive, which also contains the actual harmonics. You should also consider that the supply source and wiring between the supply source, and the EUT may affect these results so generally should be in accordance with the standard requirements. )n these situations only sections . . and . -
Page 88: Supply, Xt2640 And Eut Wiring
, May and Nov. . Testing and Measurement Techniques – connected thereto. General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment Note: The XT is capable of performing measurements to the requirements of EN ‐ ‐ , and performing assessments of a EUT to the requirements of EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ , only when configured to do so. )n the future there may be later versions of these standards and those later versions will have differences which may affect assessment testing to those standards using the XT . You are recommended to contact Vitrek should this occur to determine if any action needs to be taken in this regard, generally the XT can have field installed firmware upgrades which may be needed to accommodate such future changes to these standards. At this time, there are no hardware aspects of the XT which are foreseen as limiting the ability to accommodate changes in the standards, however that cannot be guaranteed as it cannot be foreseen what future changes may be made. Vitrek cannot be held liable in any manner for future changes to standards. The assessment contained in the XT assumes that the normative references in EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ only require that the measurements be compliant with EN ‐ ‐ , and the portions of EN ‐ ‐ which are either not measurement related or are additional measurements not used by EN ‐... -
Page 89: Repeatability Requirements
Both EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ require that an assessment meet a repeatability requirement. For EN ‐ ‐ this is contained in 18.1.3 REPEATABILITY REQUIREMENTS clause . . . and in EN ‐ ‐ it is contained in clause . . . )n both cases it is required that better than % of the limit is achieved in the repeatability of measurement of average individual harmonic currents, but it is stated in the standards that this is not a requirement for assessment, but is a requirement for the selection of the assessment time. The repeatability of the XT itself is far beyond these requirements in general so is not a determining factor; the primary determining factors being the repeatability of the supply source, the repeatability of the EUT harmonics themselves, and the test time used for assessment. Recommendation: You must configure a test time suitable for the EUT which allows you to achieve this level of repeatability. See table of ‐ ‐ and table of EN ‐ ‐ for some guidance regarding this. The XT enforces no minimum assessment time other than second. For a stable EUT and a stable supply source the standards provide no minimum assessment time as long as it is of sufficient duration to meet the requirements for repeatability . )f the EUT and supply source can meet this requirement with a second assessment time, then such a time may be used, however you must ensure that the . -
Page 90: Range Of Xt2640 Measurements For Compliance
The XT provides you with assistance in choosing the classification of a EUT by giving the range of Watts measurements encountered during the assessment; this along with other details available to you regarding the EUT can then be used to allow you to select the classification to use. According to EN ‐ ‐ , Class C spcl only applies to a EUT having a specific current waveform which has a specific shape and has a specific phase relationship to the voltage waveform see figure and clause . b in EN ‐ ‐ . The does not check that the current waveform meets this requirement and so this is your responsibility, it is recommended that you capture the current waveform in some fashion and check its shape and phase relationship and report those findings in your final assessment report to support selecting class C spcl . )n general, selection of class C spcl is not recommended and selection of class C tbl is recommended for such a EUT if possible. The XT performs assessments according to EN ‐ ‐ using the tables , , and as defined in that standard. )t is your 18.1.4.2 EN61000‐3‐12 LIMITS TABLE SELECTION responsibility to choose the table to apply. Note: The XT provides you with assistance in choosing the classification of a EUT by giving the range of current measurements encountered during the assessment for each phase which then allows you to decide if the EUT is a balanced... - Page 91 W channel type: ‐ Vrms. Voltage Crest Factor : Solely limited by a maximum peak voltage of Vpk. Current and Current Crest Factor : Any current in the following range for each current option the channel type does not affect the ranges allowed ‐ ( current option: mA‐ Arms. Crest factor limited to the lower of or a maximum peak current of Apk. D current option () range selection : . mA‐ Arms. Crest factor limited to the lower of or a maximum peak current Apk. D current option AUTO range selection : . mA‐ Arms. Crest factor limited to the lower of or a maximum peak current of Apk. D current option LO range selection : . mA‐ . Arms. Crest factor limited to the lower of or a maximum peak current of Apk.
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Page 92: Compliance Tests Performed By The Xt2640 During Assessment
Phase shift and frequency response. )f the device has a poor phase shift specification at (z then it usually has a poor frequency response at k(z. The difference between the input:output ratio at k(z to that at (z should be < %. The following tests are performed by the XT to ensure that EUT assessment is performed in a manner compliant with the 18.1.6 COMPLIANCE TESTS PERFORMED BY THE XT2640 DURING ASSESSMENT standards. With the XT , you may use any voltage source having suitable power sourcing capabilities. (owever it should be noted that the 18.1.6.1 TESTING THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE FOR COMPLIANCE local mains supply is often not suitable, particularly for EN ‐ ‐ assessments. )n accordance with the requirements of EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ the supply voltage is continuously checked by the XT throughout the assessment of the EUT as follows. Note that although some tests are not required for some EUT classifications, the XT always performs all of the tests, the EUT classification only affects whether the results of these tests are visible to you. Voltage : Each voltage is checked that it remains continuously within a ± % range of the user specified nominal voltage Unom as specified by EN ‐ ‐ clause A. a and ‐ clause . b. Frequency : The supply frequency is checked that it remains continuously within a ±... - Page 93 harmonic emissions results in particular, a high voltage crest factor, an unlocked frequency, or a peak phase position error caused by noise rather than distortion . )f such a decision is reached, then it is recommended that you record this in your test report along with a rationale for ignoring the failure. Or, repeat the assessment. )n some cases these failures may be transitory in nature; there may be a reasonable possibility that simply repeating the test would not have the same supply voltage failure. )f such a decision is reached and it results in a successful assessment, then it is recommended that you record this in your test report along with a rationale for repeating the test however there is no requirement to do so. Or, independently assess whether the supply voltage failure was significant or not. )f such a decision is reached, then it is recommended that you record this in your test report along with a rationale and the results of the independent test. )n accordance with the requirements of EN ‐ ‐ clauses . and . the measurements made by the XT are continuously 18.1.6.2 TESTING THE XT2640 MEASUREMENTS FOR COMPLIANCE checked by the XT throughout the assessment of the EUT as follows‐ Current Overload : Each phase current is checked for both peak i.e. possibly transitory and RMS i.e. probably significant overloads during the entire assessment period. Peak and RMS overloads are separately indicated. Voltage Overload : Each phase voltage is checked for both peak i.e. possibly transitory and RMS i.e. probably significant overloads during the entire assessment period. Peak and RMS overloads are separately indicated. Note: )f an overload is detected then this is indicated as part of the assessment but does not affect the indicated assessed pass/fail result of the EUT. )f an overload is indicated then you should decide whether or not to accept the assessment. Recommendation: Generally if an overload indication is shown then the final pass/fail assessment of the EUT should be disregarded and the assessment repeated with the XT...
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Page 94: Using The Other Results Screens
Most of the other results screens available in the XT are also available, and are unchanged, when configured for EN ‐ ‐ or 18.3 USING THE OTHER RESULTS SCREENS ‐ measurements, whether actually performing an assessment or not, they have no effect on the assessment being performed. See section for full details regarding these screens. The (ARMON)CS screen has some changes however, as detailed below. Note: (olding measurements while performing an assessment also holds that assessment, continuing it once released. The (ARMON)CS screen may be used in the normal fashion while configured for EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ measurements, but you can 18.3.1 USING THE HARMONICS SCREEN additionally select to check harmonics against the limits requirements of EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ as configured . See section . for full details regarding using this screen. Note: A comparison against limits performed in this manner is not sufficient for EN ‐ ‐ or ‐ compliance assessment, but it may be used as a check that the instantaneous harmonics meet the basic requirements of those standards. Any reference levels required to be used with the selected limits are those measured at that instant, and Rsce for ‐ ‐ is assumed to be This screen can be used to check the harmonic content of the supply source when unloaded, as required by EN ‐... -
Page 95: Selecting How The Limits Reference(S) Are Obtained
The second button from the left across the top of the screen entitled MEAS REFS in the image shown above allows you to select the 18.4.2 SELECTING HOW THE LIMITS REFERENCE(S) ARE OBTAINED method used to obtain the reference level s needed for setting harmonics limits. For EN ‐ ‐ Class A and B this selection, although still present, is not needed as those use absolute current limits which are not dependent on any reference levels, all other classifications in EN ‐ ‐ and all uses of EN ‐ ‐ require this however. Changing this selection has an immediate effect on the displayed assessment results. Note: The same reference levels are applied to the assessment of all phases of the EUT. The reference levels only affect the limits applied, so do not affect the measurements made during an assessment. This allows you to change this selection at any time. The Power Factor reference is different to the other references, as required by EN ‐ ‐ , in that a measured PF used as a reference is that obtained within the same measurement period as that for which a measured Amps reference is obtained. So the configured PF reference is only used if the configured Amps reference is used, and if a measured Amps reference is used then the PF reference is set to the PF present in the phase and at the time at which the Amps reference level was measured. The available selections are‐ MEAS REFS . When this is selected the reference levels as needed for the selected limits to be assessed are taken from those configured see later for configuring the reference levels and can be overridden by the maximum measured levels across all phases. As required by EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ , if the maximum measured levels are within ±... - Page 96 The Unom level which you should set is that for the phase voltage, not the inter‐phase voltage. With the exception of the Rsce value, the actual values entered do not change the assessment pass/fail result, they merely set the levels at which a supply error is raised if the measured voltage and/or frequency is beyond the allowed range from the entered nominal value. As previously described in section . . . , setting a zero value for Rsce allows the XT to automatically compute the Rsce value which would be needed for the EUT to have a PASS assessment status on all supply phases if possible . (owever, you may be required to perform a second full assessment in this situation if the supply source and/or the EUT wiring do not meet the new Rsce value requirements. Unless you are using a supply source and EUT wiring which meets the requirements for all possible Rsce values then some iteration may be required. The EUT DETA)LS section allows you to select the EUT classification and to set the reference levels for the limits selected according 18.4.3.2 CONFIGURING THE EUT DETAILS to that EUT classification. See sections . . . or . . . for details regarding the EUT classification selections. Note: These settings may be changed either during or after an assessment if desired by pressing the REASSESS button as none of these affect the measurements made during an assessment. )n most situations a zero value for any reference level is recommended, although the standards suggest that a manufacturer s value should always be used and reported even if it is not used in the final assessment result. Setting a reference level to zero forces the use of the maximum measured value encountered during the assessment as the reference level. See section . . regarding how the reference levels which you configure may be overridden. The usage of reference levels is defined in the EN ‐...
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Page 97: Viewing The Results Of An Assessment
NUM INTERVALS : This allows you to select that an assessment is to be performed in two or three intervals, each having an identical test time, with the assessment being paused between intervals until you press the CONT)NUE button, or to be performed as a single interval. Recommendation: This is generally not required and so should be set to , but in EN ‐ ‐ Annex C there are situations where this activity is required and so should be set to or accordingly. AUTO START/STOP : This allows you to select any activities regarding when the EUT is started or stopped i.e. draws significant power or draws little power . )f set to other than OFF then there are additional settings available which allow you to enter the start/stop power detection level and the delay to use following a transition between start and stop see below for details . The available selections are‐ OFF: When this is selected the assessment always progresses and there is no detection of whether the EUT is started or stopped. DELAY ONLY: When this is selected whenever the EUT power changes from above the detection level to below it i.e. becomes stopped or from below to above i.e. becomes started then a delay is started during which the assessment is automatically paused. This is the activity required by clause . . . of EN ‐ ‐ and clause . . of EN ‐... - Page 98 Throughout this screen all textual results information follow the same meaning for textual coloring as follows‐ )f colored gold then the data is as configured by you. )f colored white then the data is showing a measurement. )f colored green then the data indicates that there is no error or precautionary condition. )f colored red then the data indicates an error or precautionary condition. Although you may only view the results of the assessment, and may only start an assessment, from this screen, you do not need to maintain viewing this screen during or after an assessment. You can freely change between screens while an assessment is in progress and the results of a completed assessment are retained if you change to viewing another screen. The results of an assessment are only lost if you power cycle the XT , you make a significant change to the measurement configuration, or you start a new assessment with the ASSESS button. The SUPPLY area shows the textual results of measurements made on the supply voltage during the assessment. The data shown are 18.4.4.1 TEXTUAL RESULTS – SUPPLY in order from top to bottom of the area ‐ The pass/fail status of the supply checks see section . . . , note that this covers all phases of the supply not just that selected to be viewed. )f any failure is detected then a numerical code is shown colored red which contains an indication of all detected failures by means of adding the codes for each failure, otherwise it shows OK colored green. The codes are‐ : The voltage was not within the allowed range from the configured Unom value throughout the assessment. : The frequency was not within the allowed range from the configured Fnom value throughout the assessment. : The frequency changed by more than . % during any ms measurement period. : The supply voltage harmonics did not meet the requirements of EN ‐ ‐ clause A. c throughout the assessment. Note that when performing EN ‐ ‐ assessments no checking of the supply voltage harmonics is performed. : The supply voltage crest factor was not within the allowed range per EN ‐...
- Page 99 must consider whether to assume that these conditions are present or not depending on the construction of the EUT independently of the indications of the XT Which circumstances required for the table selection were detected EN ‐ ‐ only, does not include circumstance b . The ASSESSMENT area shows the status of an ongoing assessment, or the final assessment after an assessment has been completed. 18.4.4.4 TEXTUAL RESULTS – ASSESSMENT PASS or PASS)NG during an assessment is shown colored green if the result of checking the limits is a pass, otherwise FA)L or FA)L)NG during an assessment is shown colored red. The assessment pass/fail shown is the total assessment, for all phases of the EUT. )f a failure is detected within the channel selected to be displayed, then below this is a listing of the lowest numbered harmonics up to three are listed which are causing the failure. The failures shown are‐ AVG > L)M)T: This indicates that the indicated harmonic current in this channel has an average measured value above the applicable limit and no exemption was found which would allow this. MAX > L)M)T: This indicates that the indicated harmonic current in this channel had one or more measured values during the assessment which were above the applicable limit and no exemption was found which would allow this. T(C > L)M)T: This indicates that the T(C Total (armonic Current, as calculated from the average harmonics over the entire assessment for this channel was above the allowable limit EN ‐ ‐ only . PW(C > L)M)T: This indicates that the PW(C Partial Weighted (armonic Current, as calculated from the average harmonics over the entire assessment for this channel was above the allowable limit EN ‐...
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Page 100: Changing The Configuration And Reassessing The Eut
Ahn n is to : the measurements of the selected current harmonic are charted. The Lim, Max and Avg numeric data shown are the limit if any , the highest measured value and the average measured value respectively. )f the selected harmonic has a limit set by the relevant standard then the Max and Avg data are colored red or green according to if it fails or passes respectively and the limit value is plotted on the chart as a horizontal line at that current level for reference purposes. Note: The horizontal scale of this chart is always time, and is always scaled with the start of the assessment at the left end and the configured end of the assessment at the right end. )f the assessment was stopped prior to the configured ending time then the chart will not have data shown encompassing the entire horizontal span of the chart, only for the time of the actual assessment. The chart always has a zero value at the bottom of the vertical axis, and automatically selects a suitable / / based value for the upper limit for the vertical axis to ensure that the trace including that for the limit if applicable is entirely shown. This chart is provided to assist you in determining factors causing the failure or not of a EUT to meet the requirements of the standards. The charted data shown is not actually that used to determine the pass/fail status, as that encompasses data in more detail than can be shown on such a chart. )ndividual harmonics are allowed to be above the limit for moderate periods of time, and by certain amounts, and may be completely disregarded, so it is valid to see individual harmonics charted above the limit line but with an assessment status of PASS. See the standards for details regarding how limits are applied EN ‐ ‐ clause . . . or EN ‐ ‐ clause . . . )f you press the REASSESS button, either during an assessment, or after one has completed, then this initiates the configuration 18.4.5 CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION AND REASSESSING THE EUT... - Page 101 as data logging for example to that drive. Pressing this button allows you to enter a filename on that drive in which to save all details regarding the assessment the .CSV extension for the filename is automatically appended to the filename . After entry of the filename, if a file already exists on the drive with that name then you are also asked to select if it is OK to overwrite it. After entering the filename and selecting to overwrite as needed the XT internally forms a file to write to the drive containing all of the details and results of the assessment, including an historical record of all harmonics and then writes this to the drive using the filename you supplied. The file contains textual information using the comma separated value syntax commonly used for spreadsheet information and can be opened by many different programs on a computer, including text editors and word processing programs. Such a file is written as each line being a record , and each column within that record being a field , with fields being separated from each other by a comma character. The file written by the XT in this manner has the following records– The first set of records shows the assessment performed and the overall pass/fail outcome of the assessment. Record number Fields Time of day, date when the actual assessment measurements were started ‐ ‐ or EN ‐ ‐ CLASS)F)CAT)ON, EUT classification for EN ‐ ‐ or table for EN ‐...
- Page 102 As records to but for PO(C measurements. to inclusive As records to but for PW(C measurements. onwards sets of records which are as records to but for each current harmonic measurement starting with the fundamental. This is a total of times records. Note: A file generated in this manner can be up to Mbytes in size. The recorded data covers all channels assessed independently of which channel is selected as being viewed on the screen. )n the descriptive records, each phase of the supply is denoted as PhA through PhD, in order of increasing channel number in the XT Although Vitrek will attempt to preserve this layout of the records and fields within the file, it may change if needed in future upgrades. All times, limits and measurement results are generated in floating point format with significant digits with an exponent value that is always divisible by and have the native units of the data being represented e.g. times are in seconds, voltages are in Volts, currents are in Amps, powers are in Watts . Note that no percentages are generated. Saving this data as a file may be repeated as many times as you wish and you may REASSESS the assessment as many times as you wish. )n this manner you can record the results of assessments to several different classifications with different file names without actually performing separate full assessments. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 103 You can also save an image of the screen as described in . of this document. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 104 ‐ ‐ , both with and without bandwidth restriction employed. Note that the allowable range is continuous, there are no areas contained within it which are not applicable, and these charts assume a year recalibration interval for the XT . These charts have been generated using the accuracy specifications contained in section . For charts for other channel types or current options, or in different conditions, please contact Vitrek. ‐ ‐ Ope ating A ea fo XT ith AH channels o Hz to Hz, Unfilte ed Any voltage or current within this bounded area meets the 0.2% power measurement accuracy requirement. VOLTAGE...
- Page 105 ‐ ‐ Ope ating A ea fo XT ith AH channels o Hz to Hz, kHz filte , PWM depth > % requirement. Any voltage or current within this bounded area meets the 0.2% power measurement accuracy VOLTAGE Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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Page 106: Measuring Electrical Power To Avionics Requirements
, inter‐harmonics and sub‐harmonics to that requirement. This section describes using the XT during several tests defined by the requirements. )f this section does not list a specific test then this does not indicate that the XT is incapable of assisting you in the execution of that test, it only indicates that it may be of limited use or that Vitrek has not evaluated the use of the XT to that requirement. For example, the SCOPE or ()STORY capabilities may be of use in many test steps. For all tests carried out to these requirements the XT should be connected using one of the methods described in section . 20.1 CONNECTING THE XT2640 Generally either the ‐phase or ‐phase ‐wire methods will be used for these applications, corresponding to the supply being used... -
Page 107: Ac 1-Phase Supplies
The AUTO setting should be chosen as shown above; the text shown in each A RANGE button may have a different range LO or () indicated as that shows the actual range selected for the current being passed at that time. For the FUND setting – This must be set to AV)ON)CS as shown above. For the BANDW)DT( setting – Except for the Airbus requirements, the AUTO‐TRACK setting should be chosen as shown above; the text shown in the button may have a different frequency indicated as this depends on the actual measured frequency at the time of each test. For the Airbus requirements a k(z fixed frequency bandwidth limit setting should be set using the USER choice and setting k(z as the limit. For the (ARMON)CS setting ‐ For DO‐ E/F/G a setting of should be chosen as shown above. For B ‐ a setting of should be chosen. For the Airbus requirements a setting of should be chosen the XT will automatically limit the actual number of harmonics to k(z as required in the Airbus requirements because of the k(z BANDW)DT( setting used . 20.2.2 AC 1‐PHASE SUPPLIES For the A RANGE setting – For SD, AD or WD channels it will be as shown above. This will not be shown if using S(, A( or W( channels as no setting is required. The AUTO setting should be chosen as shown above; the text shown in each A RANGE button may have a different range LO or () indicated as that shows the actual range selected for the current being passed at that time. For the FUND setting –... -
Page 108: Dc Supplies
20.2.3 DC SUPPLIES For the A RANGE setting – For SD, AD or WD channels it will be as shown above. This will not be shown if using S(, A( or W( channels as no setting is required. The AUTO setting should be chosen as shown above; the text shown in each A RANGE button may have a different range LO or () indicated as that shows the actual range selected for the current being passed at that time. For the FUND setting – This must be set to NONE as shown above. For the BANDW)DT( setting – k(z fixed frequency bandwidth limit setting should be set by using the USER choice and setting k(z as the limit. These requirements all require equipment being tested to meet performance requirements while being subjected to various levels, 20.3 USING THE XT2640 TO MONITOR THE SUPPLY frequencies, and disturbances to the supply being used to power it. )n most cases you will use a power supply, possibly with some other circuitry or instruments, to provide the required supply to the equipment. The XT can be used to monitor the supply to the equipment to ensure that most of these tests are being carried out properly rather than just relying on the source producing the desired voltage, frequency and waveform. For these tests the XT is not making a measurement of the equipment, but is confirming the supply being used to power the equipment. Whether the tests pass or not is not dependent on measurements made by the XT )f you wish to record the measurements made, then it is recommended to either – Save a graphical copy of the screen s to a USB Drive see section Or, export all measurement results to a USB Drive see section . The XT may be used to confirm that the supply voltage and frequency are as required for many of the tests to be performed. 20.3.1 CONFIRMING THE VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY OF THE SUPPLY This is performed by using the POWER DATA screen which should be selected to display the results for the entire VPA i.e. the entire supply , showing the COUPLED data so the AC+DC or the DC data is shown as configured for this supply , and showing the full DETA)LED information. -
Page 109: Confirming The Dc Voltage Content Of The Supply
.. this is an impossible measurement to perform as it requires that the distortion be measured over an infinite number of harmonics. )n this manual it is assumed that the requirement actually intended that this measurement be performed over the same number of harmonics as defined for the current distortion tests in each requirement. This is performed by using the POWER DATA screen which should be selected to display the results for each channel, showing the FUNDAMENTAL data, and showing the full DETA)LED information. )n the secondary data shown in a smaller, white colored text for voltage is a measurement result entitled T(Df. This is the percentage distortion content referenced to the fundamental component of the supply voltage phase being viewed. The XT may be used to confirm that the supply voltage ripple content is as required for certain of the tests to be performed. 20.3.5 CONFIRMING THE VOLTAGE RIPPLE CONTENT OF THE SUPPLY Note: The bandwidth of the measurement may have a severe impact on the results obtained. The requirements do not generally state any specific bandwidth for such a measurement, yet this is a measurement of peak values which are very dependent on the measurement bandwidth by definition. You should alter the MEAS CONF)G ‐ BANDW)DT( setting while performing these tests to a value to provide a standardized bandwidth of the measurement – Vitrek recommends a setting of k(z for BANDW)DT( for these tests. The XT cannot confirm the frequency content of the modulation. This is performed by using the POWER DATA screen which should be selected to display the results for each channel, showing the COUPLED data, and showing the full DETA)LED information. )n the secondary data shown in a smaller, white colored text for voltage are measurement results entitled Pk, one with an up arrow and the other with a down arrow. These provide the measurement of the highest and lowest extents of the ripple, the difference between these two measurements is the peak‐to‐peak ripple. The XT can be used to monitor the supply to the equipment to ensure that most of these tests are being carried out properly 20.4 USING THE XT2640 TO TEST COMPLIANCE TO LOADING REQUIREMENTS and also simultaneously make the desired load current measurements. )f you wish to record the measurements made, then it is recommended to either – Save a graphical copy of the screen s to a USB Drive see section... -
Page 110: Testing The Load Current Distortion Meets Requirements
The XT may be used to confirm that the supply voltage and frequency are as required, and the load current is within the 20.4.1 TESTING THE LOAD CURRENT DISTORTION MEETS REQUIREMENTS distortion limits. Note: )n the reporting requirements of DO E/F/G it is stated that the load current harmonics must be reported, but it is also stated that the spectrum of the load current must be reported. )t is assumed that this is intended to be either, not both as written, as they allow the use of either type of equipment and do not require both. )f both are required then the spectrum may also be measured and recorded using the methods shown in section if the XT has option ( installed. There are several reporting requirements for this test, each of which requires a specific screen to view. These are described in the following sub‐sections. The voltage and current waveforms can be viewed using the SCOPE – CYCLE V)EW screen configured to show the desired voltages 20.4.1.1 VIEWING THE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WAVEFORMS and currents all three phases of voltage and current can be displayed together if desired . The voltage and current harmonics can be viewed using the (ARMON)CS screen. There is no need to view the harmonics to be able 20.4.1.2 VIEWING THE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS to record them, but it is recommended to do so to check that the measurement is being made properly. This screen can be used to view all of the voltage or current harmonics graphically for any phase of the supply with a variety of formats, and also provides a scrollable numerical listing showing up to harmonics at a time. This is performed by using the POWER DATA screen which should be selected to display the results for entire VPA i.e. the entire 20.4.1.3 VIEWING THE LOAD INPUT CURRENT supply , showing the COUPLED data, and showing the full DETA)LED information. The primary data shown in larger, gold colored text for voltage and current shows the average of the phase voltages and currents from the supply for a ‐phase supply there is only a single phase . The secondary data shown in a smaller, white colored text for voltage and current lists the voltages and currents from each phase from the supply for a ‐phase supply there is only a single phase . -
Page 111: Testing The Load Current Modulation Meets Requirements
The XT may be used to confirm that the load current modulation is as required. 20.4.5 TESTING THE LOAD CURRENT MODULATION MEETS REQUIREMENTS Note: The bandwidth of the measurement may have a severe impact on the results obtained. You may wish to alter the MEAS CONF)G ‐ BANDW)DT( setting while performing these tests to a lower value e.g. k(z to reduce the bandwidth of the measurement. )t is required that this value be measured over many measurement periods of the XT so giving a result for low frequency modulation this is achieved by using the POWER DATA screen configured to show each channel, and )NRUS( data. To use this screen follow the procedure described below – Select the POWER DATA screen as shown above. Press the CLEAR button. Wait for the desired period of time for example . seconds for DO . . . Press the area showing MEASUREMENTS RUNN)NG this is called the MEASUREMENT )NFO area in this manual . This holds all measurements enabling you to view and record data without being concerned about the time taken to do so. Record the indicated current Apk and Vly data. The difference between these is the difference between the highest peak and the lowest valley encountered during the period between pressing the CLEAR button and recording the result. Step clears the data for all channels, so for a ‐phase supply you do not need to repeat the entire procedure for each phase if all phases are being modulated. Just repeat step , changing the selected channel to record the measurements for each phase. Do not forget to release the measurement hold after recording all phases. The XT may be used to confirm that the load power factor is as required. 20.4.6 TESTING THE LOAD POWER FACTOR MEETS REQUIREMENTS This is performed by using the POWER DATA screen which should be selected to display the results for entire VPA i.e. the entire supply , showing the COUPLED data, and showing the full DETA)LED information. -
Page 112: Sharing Measurements And Activities Within Multiple Instruments
21 SHARING MEASUREMENTS AND ACTIVITIES WITHIN MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS )f option MU is installed then certain measurements and activities can be shared between two or more XT instruments. This provides the following capabilities – Up to s may be interconnected using this capability. The SYNC measurement mode which allows VPAs within a single XT to have synchronous measurement starting and period see section . . is extended to accomplish this among multiple XT s configured using this measurement mode. All XT s measurements can be held or released simultaneously from any XT All XT s integrations can be started and/or stopped from any XT All XT s historical data collection can be started or stopped simultaneously from any XT All XT s share their )N, M)D and OUT power totals and display the total of all XT s and show the overall system efficiency data. Any VPA in any XT can make its fundamental available to any other VPA s in any other XT s by using one of the available global fundamental frequencies. s with option MU perform these abilities by communicating with each other via their LAN interfaces. You do not need to be 21.1 INTERCONNECTING MULTIPLE XT2640S using the LAN interface for communicating with the units via a computer as that can be accomplished using a different interface if... -
Page 113: Synchronizing Measurements Within A Group Of Units
Any number of VPAs in any number of XT s may use each GFUND measurement data including a VPA within the same XT which is providing the data . A GFUND data cannot be circularly configured, e.g. if VPA within a XT is configured to use GFUND as its fundamental then VPA within that XT cannot be configured to provide the VPA fundamental as GFUND . )f a conflict is discovered in a GFUND data provided by this XT i.e. another XT is also configured to provide this data then the button is colored RED. You can display a list of the units discovered within the configured multi‐unit group in the OT(ER MEMBERS area of the Multi‐ Unit Configuration screen other than the XT on which it is being displayed . Typically this can take a few seconds to respond to other XT s being taken into or out of service or their multi‐unit configuration being changed. )f more than one other unit is detected then PREV and/or NEXT buttons are provided to scroll between the discovered units. The information displayed for each discovered unit incudes – The identity name if any for that unit. The )P address of that unit. )f that unit is configured for SYNC mode measurements. )f that unit provides any )N, M)D and/or OUT measurement data. )f that unit is configured to provide any GFUND measurement data. All XT s configured within the same Multi‐Unit group number, and are connected to each other, and are configured for SYNC 21.3 SYNCHRONIZING MEASUREMENTS WITHIN A GROUP OF UNITS measurement mode see . -
Page 114: In, Mid And Out Total Power And Efficency Data In A Group Of Units
Note: The times and dates shown on the screen for each unit within such a group are determined within each specific XT , so differences in the displayed data may be seen. The actual starting date/time is actually the same for all such units. 21.7 IN, MID AND OUT TOTAL POWER AND EFFICENCY DATA IN A GROUP OF All units within a multi‐unit group automatically provide their )N, M)D and OUT power data to all other members of the group UNITS without needing configuration. The )N, M)D, OUT and Efficiency data available from any individual XT within the group always includes the data from all members of the group. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 115: Synchronizing Measurements Between Vpas
22 SYNCHRONIZING MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN VPAS The XT can be configured to synchronize the starting time of measurements in different VPAs to accommodate measurements of power loss and efficiency when the power levels are varying rapidly over time. This is always possible within a single XT and optionally also between multiple XT s using the Multi‐Unit capabilities see section This is achieved by selecting the SYNC measurement mode in the XT for a single XT or in each XT which it is desired to synchronize within a Multi‐Unit group. Note: Not all units in a Multi‐Unit Group need to be configured with the same measurement mode, the same measurement period or use the same fundamental frequency. Selecting the SYNC measurement mode only has any benefit when it is desired to accurately track power loss and/or efficiency during significant changes of power level. )n most applications the SYNC mode is not recommended. Synchronizing VPAs in this manner causes all such VPAs except for the one with the longest measurement period to have small gaps between their measurement periods during which no measurement is being made. Typically this has little consequence and is not specific to the XT but applies to any synchronized measurement periods having different lengths. This is not the same as selecting for the measurement period of a VPA to be synchronous to that of another VPA in the same by setting the PER)OD setting in one VPA to another VPA in the same XT see .. for details regarding this as configuring in that manner selects that both VPAs have exactly the same measurement period and forces them to use exactly the same fundamental frequency for measurement synchronization this is only available within a single . When configured for SYNC mode, even in different XT s, you can configure any VPAs to use the same fundamental frequency and so have the exactly the same measurement period length by using the FUND configuration setting or they can each independently derive their own fundamental frequencies as needed. Within a single XT , or within multiple XT s in the same Multi‐Unit group, if configured in SYNC measurement mode all... - Page 116 shortest and longest such measurement period. For example, if one VPA is measuring mains at a frequency of (z, and another is measuring the output of an electronic lighting ballast at a frequency of k(z and both are set for a measurement period of ms, then the first measurement period will be that of cycles i.e. ms while the second will be that of cycles i.e. ms so this incurs an additional µs of difference i.e. an error of . % of change between measurement periods . )t should be noted that this error is typically far less than that caused by the common industry practice of erroneously forcing all measurement periods to be exactly the same as that causes all but one of the signals to be incorrectly measured whether the signal levels are changing or not. The XT does not force all measurement periods to be identical. Range changes typically have the most dominant effect as they very significantly elongate a measurement period possibly by : or more only in the affected channel s . There is a common industry practice of requiring a range change for changes in voltage and/or current levels of : or less which is very dominant in these situations as such a change forces loss of synchronization and the inaccuracy caused by forcing the highest suitable range is generally much larger than the inter‐ measurement delay errors e.g. if inaccuracy is specified as . %range then that is an error of up to . % caused by selecting a fixed range which is only one range higher than needed for that particular level . )n the XT this is of far less...
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Page 117: Using A Usb Drive
23 USING A USB DRIVE The Front Panel USB Port can be used with a USB Drive for many purposes, among which are – USB Dri e Port USB Dri e Info Area Exporting the configuration as an importable binary file. Exporting the custom screen definition as an importable binary file. Exporting the Volts and Amps (armonics Limits as an importable binary file. Exporting all measurements including harmonics listings to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting Volts, Amps and Watts harmonics listings to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting Volts, Amps and Watts spectrum listings to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting Volts and Amps single cycle waveforms to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting Volts and Amps waveforms captured by SCOPE V)EW to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting historically logged selected measurements to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV format. Exporting a binary image file in BMP format of most screens. Data Logging selected measurements including harmonics listings to a file in tabular ASC)) CSV or a binary format. )mporting a previously saved binary configuration. )mporting a previously saved binary or user generated ASC)) CSV custom screen definition file. )mporting previously saved binary or user generated ASC)) CSV Volts and/or Amps (armonic Limits file. -
Page 118: Checking The Drive File Structure
Note: While data is actually transferring between the drive and the XT the background of the USB Drive )nfo area flashes a dark maroon color. Do not remove a drive while this is colored. Many drives have an LED or similar , on many drives this indicates activity but on some drives this indicates connection state. Do not rely on a LED mounted on the drive for deciding whether a drive can be safely removed. )f using a computer running Windows to format a drive ‐ Depending on the size of the drive, the default for Windows may not be the FAT format. )n those cases you should ensure that the FAT format is selected before starting to format the drive. For best performance, the Allocation Unit Size or cluster size should be set to a setting of kbytes or higher for most drives k is optimal for speed . For reasons unknown to Vitrek, some drives cannot be formatted by Windows to the FAT format. )n those cases you may need to obtain a third party drive format application to format the drive. There are several that are free of charge available on the internet. The XT only operates on files in the root directory of the drive and only uses the . filename format. 23.3 FILES The XT does not include the ability to format a drive nor for file management. These actions should be performed using a computer if required. Note: By definition, . filenames are not case sensitive so the use of uppercase letters is recommended in filenames to avoid confusion. The following file names may not be used except for specific file types –... -
Page 119: Screen Image File (.Bmp Extension)
Next to each button are descriptions of the file which will be exported to the drive if the corresponding button is pressed. After pressing the button for the type of file to export the following occurs – You are prompted to enter the filename of the file to be exported the extension is automatically provided . )f the file specified already exists you are asked if it is OK to overwrite the file. For some types of files you are asked for which VPA to export the selected data. The selected data is then written to the selected file. The right side of the screen shows the export progress and when completed you may press another button for a further USB drive activity or press the RETURN button to return to the screen which was being viewed when the USB Drive )nfo area was initially pressed. )f the POWER button is pressed while file activity is in progress then the power off is delayed until it is completed. The image generated is that of the screen which was present when the USB Drive )nfo Area was first pressed. Many of the screen 23.5.1 SCREEN IMAGE FILE (.BMP EXTENSION) images shown in this document were generated in this manner. This is a standard bpp BMP format file as defined by Microsoft and Adobe with pixel size. Most image processing and viewing programs can open this file format, but it has been found that some photo image software e.g. Google Picasa cannot as the bbp format is not commonly used for photographs but is commonly used for graphics images . Gimp, Adobe Photoshop, Windows Photo Viewer, Paint, and Word are just a few examples of programs which can open these files these program names may be trademarks of their respective owners . These files are quite large Kbytes and are uncompressed images for maximum quality. These types of exported files have a proprietary binary format and are intended to be later imported into a XT 23.5.2 BINARY (.CFG EXTENSION) FILES You can have as many files of these types of files on the drive as you wish, so you can have many different configurations, custom screens or sets of harmonics limits etc. available to the XT in this manner. You can also share these between different users of s, or use them to maintain a record of a configuration used. The file contains: 23.5.2.1 CONFIGURATION FILE... - Page 120 Each file is formatted as records or rows or lines of columns of data. Each file has headings as the first record describing each column of data. Recommendation: )t is not recommended to rely on specific data being in a specific location in the file. Future updates may add measurement results from time to time, and measurement result availability may depend on configuration, channel content, and options installed. This may mean that a specific result is not always in exactly the same position in the file. The file contains column headings and row headings for some formats , it is recommended to use these to determine the meaning of results in specific locations of the file. Note: Some data may be blank, this indicates that the measurement is not available. Unless otherwise shown, all data is in scientific numeric format using the natural units for the measurement. The file contains every measurement, including harmonics, in all VPAs and all channels. 23.5.3.1 MEASUREMENTS FILE These files are variable in length and can be up to K bytes long. The first column of every record contains the description of that measurement, following that are the results for that measurement for each channel or each VPA as appropriate in each column. There are separate sections of the file for channel based and VPA based data and the first record of each section are headers describing each column. The first section is the data for each VPA, below is an example of the first few records of the VPA data section only VPA has measurements available in this example . DATA,VPA1,VPA2,VPA3 Frequency,+50.0373E+0,, V13(pk),+0.00000E-9,, V13(dc),+0.00000E-9,, V13(ac),+0.00000E-9,, V13(acdc),+0.00000E-9,, V13(rect),+0.00000E-9,, V13(CF),+0.00000E-9,, V13(FF),+0.00000E-9,, As shown above, some of this data is labelled V V23(pk),+0.00000E-9,, or similar, V indicates that the voltage is that measured on the V23(dc),+0.00000E-9,,...
- Page 121 Arms H4,,+503.284E-6,, This type of file cannot be exported when the MEAS MODE setting on the MEAS CONF)G screen is set to SPECTRUM. 23.5.3.2 HARMONICS FILE This file contains the Volts, Amps and Watts harmonics for each channel in the selected VPA. These files are variable in length, can be up to K bytes long and may contain up to records. The first record contains a heading describing each column. The first column of every record contains the harmonic number, following that are columns for each channel and signal. Below is an example of the first few lines without showing the end of each line for clarity . HARMONIC,FREQUENCY,CH1V,CH1Vphs,CH1A,CH1Aphs,CH1W,CH2V,CH2Vphs,CH2A,CH2Aphs,CH2W… 1,+50.0000E+0,+6.97876E+0,+0.00000E-9,+55.4819E-3,+42.6391E-3,+387.195E-3,+118.166E-6,… 2,+100.000E+0,+2.63699E-3,-86.5401E+0,+19.1173E-6,-89.4316E+0,+50.3517E-9,+229.248E-9,… This type of file can only be exported when the MEAS MODE setting on the MEAS CONF)G screen is set to SPECTRUM. 23.5.3.3 SPECTRUM FILE This file contains the Volts, Amps and Watts spectrum for each channel in the selected VPA. These files are variable in length, can be up to . M bytes long and may contain up to records. The first record contains a heading describing each column. The first column of every record contains the frequency for that record, following that are columns for each channel and signal. Below is an example of the first few lines without showing the end of each line for clarity . FREQUENCY,CH1V,CH1A,CH1W,CH2V,CH2A,CH2W,CH3V,CH3A,CH3W,CH4V,CH4A,CH4W +5.00027E+0,+19.3319E-3,+201.972E-6,-3.90450E-6,+3.94747E-3,+190.021E-9,… +10.0005E+0,+51.4375E-6,+797.568E-9,+0.02993E-9,+339.423E-6,+94.8379E-9,… +15.0008E+0,+86.7463E-6,+851.724E-9,+0.06808E-9,+200.026E-6,+58.1269E-9,… +20.0011E+0,+173.584E-6,+1.39412E-6,+0.10565E-9,+82.4952E-6,+183.892E-9,… This file contains all Volts and Amps signal waveforms for each channel as captured by the latest completed scope capture this is not 23.5.3.4 SCOPE VIEW WAVEFORM FILE dependent on the traces configured for the SCOPE V)EW screen . These files are variable in length, can be up to Mbytes long and may contain up to records.
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Page 122: Importing Files From A Drive
+24.4139E-6,+570.967E-3,+4.02716E-3,+8.12532E+0,+3.69523E-3,+2.50181E-3,-3.62742E-6,, +29.2967E-6,+691.224E-3,+4.89038E-3,+8.05385E+0,+4.51385E-3,+7.29706E-3,+531.195E-9,, +34.1795E-6,+819.305E-3,+5.75712E-3,+7.98462E+0,+5.39458E-3,-7.69836E-3,-2.13687E-6,, +39.0623E-6,+935.345E-3,+6.58707E-3,+7.92010E+0,+6.18618E-3,-9.43694E-3,-7.59902E-6,, +43.9451E-6,+1.04597E+0,+7.39428E-3,+7.84676E+0,+7.01683E-3,+1.06170E-3,+3.92235E-6,, +48.8278E-6,+1.17663E+0,+8.26958E-3,+7.77180E+0,+7.86220E-3,+8.23923E-3,+5.63256E-6,, +53.7106E-6,+1.29847E+0,+9.11749E-3,+7.70139E+0,+8.71496E-3,-10.0168E-3,-8.82787E-6,, +58.5934E-6,+1.40948E+0,+9.94132E-3,+7.62663E+0,+9.49106E-3,-9.59577E-3,-10.1849E-6,, The contents of this file are configured by the trace selections on the ()STORY screen. The file covers the period of time in 23.5.3.6 HISTORICAL MEASUREMENT FILE equally spaced time increments between when the history log was started up to either when the file is generated or when it was previously stopped. This contains the maximum, average and minimum measured data during each preceding time increment. Unlike data logging, this is guaranteed to include all data measured during that time increment so it actually has better event capture capability and extent recording capability than a data log file and is considerably smaller and easier to generate, particularly if measurement extents or trend analysis is the intention. These files are variable in length, can be up to . M bytes long and always contains records. Note: )f further traces covering the same period of time are wished to be exported in another file then stop the historical record first, then repeatedly configure the desired traces and export the file for those traces, until all required traces have been exported. Below is an example of the first few lines of this file. The time column is the time in seconds units. This file can contain invalid data points at certain times because data at that specific time was not captured, you should interpolate between the surrounding valid points as needed. TIME,Max CH2:Hz,Avg CH2:Hz,Min CH2:Hz,Max CH2:V:CPL,Avg CH2:V:CPL,Min CH2:V:CPL,… +783.813E-3,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+247.097E+0,+247.097E+0,… +1.56763E+0,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+247.121E+0,+247.109E+0,… +2.35144E+0,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+50.0000E+0,+247.121E+0,+247.121E+0,… The XT can import configuration or update files from a drive. This is achieved by pressing the USB Drive )nfo area while a drive 23.6 IMPORTING FILES FROM A DRIVE is correctly attached. -
Page 123: Creating And Importing An Ascii Harmonics Limits File
You can create an ASC)) format harmonics limits file for either voltage or current limits on a computer using a plain text editor such 23.6.2 CREATING AND IMPORTING AN ASCII HARMONICS LIMITS FILE as Windows Notepad. The file must be named V(L)M)T.CSV to define the voltage harmonics limits, or A(L)M)T.CSV to define the current harmonics limits. )f present, these files are listed along with any binary harmonics files present on the drive when the (ARMON)C L)M)TS file type is selected in the )MPORT area of the screen. Each line of the file must contain the following fields in the order shown with the comma character separating each field – The letter (. A number of characters forming an integer between and inclusive which sets the harmonic for which a limit is being set by this line. The fundamental is harmonic . )f more than one line sets the limit for a harmonic, the last one is used. The file does not need to define every harmonic; harmonics not included in the file are not checked against a limit. Either the character if the limit is to be the highest of the percentage and level limits, or if the limit is to be the addition of the percentage and level limits. Either the character if the percentage limit is to be the percentage of the fundamental amplitude or if it is to be the percentage of the total signal. A number of characters forming a floating number which is the percentage limit in percent . A number of characters forming a floating number which is the level limit in Volts or Amps . The file may contain blank lines if desired. A simple example of the contents of such a file is‐ H,2,1,0,0.1,1 This sets limits as follows – H,3,2,1,0.2,2 line: For harmonic , the higher of . % of fundamental or V or A line: For harmonic , the addition of . - Page 124 : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high A numeric character which defines the text horizontal justification for this cell as follows – : Text is left justified : Text is centre justified : Text is right justified Three sets of characters separated by the colon character each of which forms an integer between and inclusive, setting the intensity for the red, green and blue colors respectively. A blank field no characters A blank field no characters Up to characters which defines the text to be shown in this cell. This is defined by a line containing the following fields in the order shown with the comma character separating each field – 23.6.3.3 DEFINING A CELL WHICH IS A MEASUREMENT RESULT The letter C. A number of characters forming an integer between and inclusive which sets which row the cell is in which this line defines. A numeric character between and inclusive which sets which column the cell is in which this line defines. A numeric character which defines the character font size for this cell as follows – : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high : Text which is pix high : Text which is...
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Page 125: Updating The Firmware Or The Fpga
Up to characters which define the text to be shown before the measurement result in this cell this may be blank which has the same resultant cell as if the previous format was used . A simple example of the contents of such a file is‐ 23.6.3.5 EXAMPLE CUSTOM SCREEN ASCII FILE C,0,0,3,1,255:255:255,,,MEASUREMENTS C,2,0,1,1,255:255:255,,,Ch2 C,3,0,1,1,255:255:255,V:CH2,1 C,4,0,1,1,255:255:255,A:CH2,1 C,5,0,1,1,255:255:255,W:CH2,1 C,6,0,1,1,255:255:255,VA:CH2,1 C,7,0,1,1,255:255:255,PF:CH2,1 This sets the screen to be similar to that shown below. C,8,0,1,1,255:255:255,FREQ:CH2,1 These files must have a specific filename. 23.6.4 UPDATING THE FIRMWARE OR THE FPGA There are several types of update files; most of these are associated with updating the firmware or the FPGA to a newly released update from Vitrek. Follow the instructions provided with the firmware or FPGA release to import and use these files. This file must have a specific filename of WELCOME.)MG and is in a proprietary binary format. 23.6.5 CHANGING THE WELCOMING SCREEN One of the file selection possibilities in the UPDATE type of file import is to change the welcoming screen shown on the XT when it is turned on. An application is provided with the XT allowing you to convert a standard image file into the format needed for this file. The image must be exactly pixels wide by pixels high to be used by this utility. The XT has the capability of data logging up to user defined measurements or sets of harmonics measurements at a user 23.7 DATA LOGGING defined interval. This can be performed to one of the following – To an external USB Drive, using an internal Mbyte buffer to reduce the impact that drive speed has on the achievable data logging rate. The maximum rate of data logging will be limited by the drive speed see section... -
Page 126: Configuring The Data Log
Data which has been logged to internal memory can be exported to an external USB drive at any future time by returning to this screen and pressing the EXPORT button next to the information regarding the contents of the internal memory. The exported file can be in either ASC)) .CSV or binary .B)N formats. Once data has been logged to internal memory it cannot be erased, it can only be overwritten by a further data logging operation to internal memory. Data logging can create very large files; you should ensure that the drive has sufficient room available prior to starting data logging. )f the maximum file size for FAT Gbytes is reached or the drive becomes full prior to you stopping data logging then data logging is automatically stopped by the XT and a data logging error status is set. Data logging to other than the internal memory allows you to insert the drive before, during or after performing the data logging. An internal Mbyte internal F)FO buffer is used to reduce the possibility of record loss caused by the absence of or a slow write speed of the USB Drive. For shorter data logging < M data you can use this internal buffer for data logging and then save it to a drive later. Data logging is not synchronous to any measurement period, but logs the latest measurements at each respective time interval. )n this document each set of data recorded at each data log interval is called a data log record, and each data within each record is called a data. When logging to internal memory, internal buffer, or an external binary file each data takes bytes. When logging to an external ASC)) file each data has a variable length, but is typically bytes. Prior to performing data logging you must configure the file details, data logging timing, and the file data contents. )nitiating the screen which allows you to do this is achieved by pressing the USB Drive )nfo area. )f data logging is not being performed and a drive is presently inserted then this will start the file import/export screen, in this case press the DATALOG button on that screen to access the data logging screen. This screen can also be used to view the status of data logging while data is being captured. You can either stay on this screen or return to it later to view the status. You do not have to remain on this screen during data logging. There are four areas on this screen, the lower area shown in this example showing the status is only shown if either a data logging activity is presently taking place or a previously run data log has been completed and a drive has not been both removed and inserted since then. This is performed by using the buttons in the F)LE Area. -
Page 127: Configuring Data Logging Timing
A binary file is nominally x smaller than the equivalent ASC)) file so more data can be written into the maximum allowed data log file size of Gbytes. A binary file typically has a : faster writing speed than the equivalent ASC)) file, allowing shorter intervals to be used when logging to a slower drive. Although the binary file is limited to Gbytes in length, the resulting ASC)) file may not be limited to this if it is saved in the supplied application to a drive which does not use the FAT format most computer hard drives use NTFS or later formats which do not have this Gbyte limitation . The F)LENAME button allows you to set the name of the file which will be written. Only filenames using the . form are allowed. The extension is automatically provided either .CSV or .B)N depending on the FORMAT setting . The following file names may not be used – V(L)M)T.CSV A(L)M)T.CSV CUSTOM.CSV The (EADER button allows you to select if the file will start with a header record or not this is only available for the ASC)) FORMAT setting . )f a header is set to be included, then the first file record will contain a textual description of each column of data. Recommendation: )t is recommended to always include a header. )n this manner if the file is inspected at some later date it is not necessary to remember what each data column corresponds to. The APPEND F)LE button allows you to select what will happen if the specified file already exists on the drive when data logging is started or the drive is subsequently inserted after starting it . Recommendation: APPEND should only be selected when it is definitely known that the existing data has the same format. )f set to append to an existing file then the existing contents of the file may not be of the correct format to allow the file to be opened on a computer after completing the data log. -
Page 128: Starting And Stopping Data Logging
Pressing the SELECT DATA button starts a screen which allows you to enable or disable each of the data selections and, if enabled, to select what data to log for each data selection. The screen shown below is an example of this screen. Only measurements which are presently configured to be measured can be selected while in this screen. Each ENABLE button is highlighted green if the data is enabled; otherwise the ENABLE button is not highlighted and is colored grey. )f the SOURCE is selected to be from a VPA then there is a second SOURCE button which selects whether the total for the VPA or that from a specific phase of the VPA is to be used. )f a harmonic list is selected as the MEASUREMENT then you must also enter the number of harmonics to be listed. The listing always includes the fundamental up to and including this entered harmonic. )f a harmonic is not being measured at the data log time then the respective data recorded is zero. Typically each enabled entry is one field in the data log; however if a harmonic listing is selected the entry will create the same number of fields as the number of harmonics set to be listed. You do not need to enable consecutive entries; the file will only contain fields for enabled entries in the order defined and skip over entries which are not enabled. )f an entry is not enabled, any prior selection of the source and measurement data is still saved. )n this manner you may have several different data logging data sets and change between them by changing which entries are enabled. Pressing the RETURN button returns to the Data Logging Configure Screen and saves the configured data entries, whereas pressing the CANCEL button returns to the Data Logging Configure Screen without saving any changes. This is performed by using the START/STOP button on the right side of this screen. 23.7.4 STARTING AND STOPPING DATA LOGGING Note: )f a data log has previously been performed but no drive was inserted to save that data and then a further data log is started, the data captured by the prior data log will be lost. Stopping data logging only stops the collection of data, the data saved in the buffer is still written out to the drive or to internal memory. You can also stop this by pressing the ABORT button while not actively data logging but still writing the internal buffer, but doing so may produce a partial final record in the resulting file. )f a data log is performed to an external USB drive but is completed without a drive being inserted to save that data then this 23.7.5 CLEARING THE DATA FROM A COMPLETED UNSAVED DATA LOG prevents any other USB Drive activity such as importing or exporting a file from being performed until this data is either saved to a drive or it is cleared. The data may be cleared by pressing the CLEAR button on the right side of this screen. The CLEAR button is only shown when a data log has been completed but no data from it has been saved to a drive. You can remain on this screen, or can return to this screen, to show the status of a progressing data logging activity. 23.7.6 VIEWING DATA LOGGING STATUS The status information shown in the lower area of this screen is –... -
Page 129: Exporting A Data Log From The Internal Memory
)f the internal memory contains data log records then these may be exported to an external drive. 23.7.7 EXPORTING A DATA LOG FROM THE INTERNAL MEMORY This is achieved by inserting the USB drive into the front panel port and pressing the EXPORT button next to the )NT MEMORY area on the data logging screen. After pressing this you are prompted to enter the desired file format ASC)) or B)NARY , followed by the desired filename the extension is automatically provided , followed by a request to overwrite the file only if it already exists on the USB drive . The file transfer is then initiated, and the progress can be viewed in the status area on the lower part of this screen. The resultant file always contains a header record. Note: Since a typical USB drive has a sustained write speed of Kbytes/sec or possibly less and the internal memory can contain several Gbytes, this activity can take a very long time possibly several hours or more . Once started you do not need to stay on this screen, you can continue to use the XT normally other than being unable to import or export files and not being able to perform data logging. )f exporting to an ASC)) format file then the resultant file will typically be x larger than the amount of internal memory used. This might be more than the Gbyte file size limit for FAT . )n this case you should export the data in binary format and externally convert it into ASC)) using the supplied application. The XT has a large internal F)FO buffer Mbytes which is used for data log data. This buffer serves two purposes‐ 23.7.8 INTERNAL BUFFER USAGE )f you are data logging to a file on a drive then it reduces the impact on data logging which inconsistencies in the write speed of the drive may have, or if it has an insufficient sustained write speed. )t allows you to insert a drive to save the data log data at any time; before, during or after performing the data log. The progress bar shown in the lower portion of the Data Logging Configuration and Status screen shows how much of this buffer is presently used and also the maximum amount which has been used. - Page 130 A typical drive is fastest if there are no other files on it; this ensures that the XT can write the file into consecutive areas of the drive. For best speeds, use a portable hard drive not a flash drive. (ard drives typically have more consistent and faster write speeds. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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Page 131: Using The Xt2640 From An Interface
Connector ‐pin Male Dsub )nterface Pinout Type DTE same as PC computer Cable required ‐wire female‐female null modem cable, fully wired Cable Length < ft per standard, in practice considerably longer cable lengths are often used without problems The RS connector located on the rear panel of the XT must be connected to the computer. For a standard PC type computer 24.1.1.1 CONNECTING TO THE RS232 INTERFACE this requires a ‐pin female‐female null modem cable, the pinout on the XT connector is identical to that on a standard PC, so the data and handshake lines must cross‐over in the cable. Suitable cables are available from Vitrek in a selection of lengths. Note: This cable must accommodate not only the data signals and ground, but also the RTS, CTS and DTR signals as a minimum. Many computers do not have a RS interface available; in these cases you may need to use a USB‐to‐RS convertor 24.1.1.2 USING A USB‐TO‐RS232 CONVERTOR sometimes called a dongle to provide the RS interface. Many such convertors are available but many do not have adequate performance; Vitrek offers a fully tested convertor which is recommended. Although the use of a convertor may not appear to require the alteration of software written by you for a direct RS port, the majority of USB‐to‐RS convertors have a fairly severe latency delay typically ms or more for each transmitted and received string of characters. )n high speed applications this may severely restrict the overall speed. Also, many convertors have buffers for transmitted and received characters within the convertor itself. Experience has shown that the state of the buffer for characters... -
Page 132: Lan (Ethernet) Interface
The DSR signal input to the computer is asserted by the XT whenever the RS port of the XT is enabled. Generally this signal is not used by the computer so is not often a cause for concern. The CTS signal input to the computer is used by the XT to handshake data transmitted from the computer and must be supported by the cable used, any cable convertor used, the computer, and the software. )mproper support for this signal is generally seen as occasional errors in commands to the XT caused by command transmission corruption. The RTS signal output from the computer is used by the XT to handshake data transmitted from the XT . Generally this signal is not used by the computer so is not often a cause for concern but it must be included in the cable as a disconnected signal disables all data transmitted from the XT Before your software can communicate with the XT it generally must create an object for the specific serial port and configure 24.1.1.4 WRITING SOFTWARE TO CONTROL THE XT2640 VIA RS232 it. As an example the following lines of code configure and open the port for communications SerialPort is defined as a System.)O.Ports.SerialPort object ‐ SerialPort1.BaudRate = 115200 SerialPort1.PortName = “COM1” SerialPort1.Handshake = IO.Ports.Handshake.RequestToSend SerialPort1.ReadTimeout = 100 SerialPort1.WriteTimeout = 100 Since the XT... - Page 133 The XT does not support generating VLAN traffic, and although it can receive VLAN formatted traffic it ignores the VLAN information. )f used on a network which uses VLAN then it should be located on a portion of that network which does not have the VLAN content. Check with your )T department regarding this if necessary. You may be concerned with the security of your network when connecting a XT to it. Such a concern is generally unnecessary 24.1.2.3 CONCERNS REGARDING SECURITY USING THE XT2640 VIA LAN as the XT is not capable of any transfers that can detrimentally affect other equipment or computers on the network. Additionally, the XT can be configured for Auto‐)P RFC )P addressing. )n that case no traffic to or from the XT should be able to pass through a router, so the XT can be made to be local to a portion of a network. Note: The XT generally has a benign presence on the LAN and does not broadcast any traffic related to its presence on the LAN other than D(CP traffic if enabled and ARP traffic as needed . The XT only supports – The D(CP Protocol only if configured to use D(CP . The ARP protocol only to ensure the uniqueness of its own )P address, and as necessary to confirm the presence of the computer which has a TCP/)P socket established to the XT , the XT does not arbitrarily generate ARP requests . The )CMP reception of a ping and the transmission of its response it cannot generate a ping . )f the XT is configured to have an )DENT)TY name then this is verified as being unique using mDNS when the is turned on, or just connected to the LAN, or the identity name is changed. The identity capability may...
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Page 134: Usb Interface
and have a high RF impedance in the ground connection. The XT does not require a vendor supplied driver, so no installation is required. When the XT is first connected to a computer sometimes to each specific USB port of a computer the operating system of the computer must load its native ()D device driver, this may take a short while. During that time the XT cannot be communicated with via the USB. The XT appears as a standard ()D )nput Device with Vendor‐specific properties, it is shown in the Windows Device Manager as a (uman )nterface Device ‐> USB )nput Device. Since the XT appears as a standard ()D Device with Vendor‐specific properties, you must communicate through the standard 24.1.3.2 WRITING SOFTWARE TO CONTROL THE XT2640 VIA USB Windows® interface for such devices. This can be a difficult task, so Vitrek includes a pair of DLL files to ease this communication SLAB()DtoUART.dll and SLAB()DDevice.dll, both of which must be accessible to your program . All attempts to open the port, transmit strings through the port, receive strings through the port and close the port should be directly made through simple calls to these DLL files. (eader files defining these calls for VB.NET, for C# and for C/C++ are also provided SLABCP .vb, SLABCP .cs and SLABCP .h respectively . When compiling applications using the Visual Studio development platform you should compile for x processors otherwise there may be conflicts with the supplied DLL files. Note that most communications require knowledge of the USB V)D Vendor )D and P)D Product )D numbers used by the XT These are and respectively for all XT units. - Page 135 ' Uses a 2 second timeout to receive a complete line (far longer than needed) Dim Timer As Stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew() Dim rx_lf As Boolean = False ReceiveString = “” While (Not (rx_lf)) Dim rx_data(1024) As Byte Dim rx_index As Integer = 0 Dim bytes As Integer = 0 HidUart_Read(usbdevice, rx_data, 1024, bytes) ' Because we configured a 0 read timeout this will return immediately if there’s no...
- Page 136 Opens a device using a device number between and HidUart_GetNumDevices()–1 and returns a device object pointer HidUart_Open which will be used for subsequent accesses. HID_UART_STATUS HidUart_Open (HID_UART_DEVICE* device, DWORD deviceNum, WORD vid, WORD device —Returns a pointer to a XT device object. This pointer will be used by all subsequent accesses to the device. pid) deviceNum —Zero‐based device index, between and (HidUart_GetNumDevices() – . vid —Filter device results by vendor )D. pid —Filter device results by product )D. Return Value: ()D_UART_STATUS= ()D_UART_SUCCESS, ()D_UART_)NVAL)D_DEV)CE_OBJECT, ()D_UART_DEV)CE_NOT_FOUND, ()D_UART_)NVAL)D_PARAMETER, ()D_UART_DEV)CE_)O_FA)LED, ()D_UART_DEV)CE_ACCESS_ERROR, ()D_UART_DEV)CE_NOT_SUPPORTED Note ‐ Be careful when opening a device. Any ()D device may be opened by this library. (owever, if the device is not actually a XT , use of this library will cause undesirable results. The XT P)D and V)D must always be used. Closes an opened device using the device object pointer provided by HidUart_Open() . HidUart_Close device —Device object pointer as returned by HidUart_Open() .
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Page 137: Gpib Interface
(idUart_SetUartConfig device, , ()D_UART_E)G(T_DATA_B)TS, ()D_UART_NO_PAR)TY, ()D_UART_S(ORT_STOP_B)T, ()D_UART_RTS_CTS_FLOW_CONTROL device —Device object pointer as returned by HidUart_Open() . Return Value: ()D_UART_STATUS = ()D_UART_SUCCESS, ()D_UART_)NVAL)D_PARAMETER, ()D_UART_)NVAL)D_DEV)CE_OBJECT, ()D_UART_DEV)CE_)O_FA)LED The GP)B capabilities, as defined by )EEE . are S( A( T L SR RL PP DC DT C E . 24.1.4 GPIB INTERFACE )t is recommended to use a high quality, shielded, GP)B cable. Suitable cables are available from Vitrek in a selection of lengths. 24.1.4.1 CONNECTING TO THE GPIB INTERFACE The GP)B itself has a protocol for establishing and controlling the local/remote state of the XT so there are no XT 24.1.4.2 REMOTE AND LOCAL OPERATION commands required to do so as for other available interfaces. The front panel button shown when in the remote state requests that the local state be entered, but it is the GP)B interface which actually controls that state and may deny that request. Generally messages and controls are sent and received via the GP)B using calls into the DLL driver provided by the manufacturer of 24.1.4.3 WRITING SOFTWARE TO CONTROL THE XT2640 VIA GPIB the specific GP)B controller being used in the computer. You should consult the documentation provided with the controller... -
Page 138: Command Syntax
Some registers and commands are different in the GP)B to those for the other interfaces, and some are only available from the GP)B 24.1.4.3.3 Register and Command Differences to Other Interfaces interface. The LOCAL and LOCKOUT commands are silently ignored if received via the GP)B interface. The ESR register has a different format than for the other interfaces, for the GP)B interface its contents are as defined by )EEE . . The *ESE, *ESE?, *SRE, *SRE?, *TST? and *WA) commands as defined by )EEE . are available from the GP)B interface but are unavailable for the other interfaces. For all other interfaces if a query command is sent to the XT , and then another query command is sent to the XT in a different set of commands before the response of the prior query has been fully transmitted by the XT then an error is raised and the second query command is discarded. For the GP)B interface if this occurs then an error is raised and the response to the second query command replaces that of the query command. This is as required by )EEE . . The XT is largely compatible with mandatory portions of the )EEE . standard, however there some deviations. 24.1.4.4 IEEE488.2 COMPATIBILITY The XT does not lockup the GP)B when requested to talk and there is no prior query command response to transmit, as required by the )EEE . standard; as described above the XT responds with a blank response in this case. The XT does not use a whitespace character as a command or data separator as required by the )EEE . standard; in most cases whitespace characters are ignored by the XT The pon bit of the ESR register has an extended meaning in the XT beyond that required by )EEE . -
Page 139: Fields Within A Command
Command fields are one of the types described below. )n certain cases a single field may be formed by multiple sub‐fields, in which 24.2.2 FIELDS WITHIN A COMMAND case each successive sub‐field each having one of the field types described below is separated from the previous by a preceding sub‐field separator character. A KEYWORD field is a combination of printable ASC)) characters which match the corresponding allowable keywords as described 24.2.2.1 KEYWORD COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX later. A KEYWORD field is not case‐sensitive e.g. the letters V and v are equivalent and may be preceded and/or followed by one or more whitespace characters but may not contain any whitespace characters within it. Examples of valid KEYWORD fields are – *CLS *cls *Cls ARANGE Arange C( Ch ch A STR)NG field is any combination of any printable ASC)) characters in the range space through z . A STR)NG field is literal, 24.2.2.2 STRING COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX containing the exact definition of the required string; however certain characters have special meaning – The Ω character The ø character The µ character The Σ character The up arrow character The down arrow character The ° character The centre dot character Note that STR)NG fields are only terminated by a command terminator or separator character and may contain what would normally be any other separator character if printable . -
Page 140: Responses To Commands
This field type allows you to define a VPA using any one of the following syntaxes‐ 24.2.2.5 VDEF COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX to NR syntax A to A KEYWORD syntax VPA to VPA KEYWORD syntax C( to C( KEYWORD syntax, defines the VPA which is presently configured to use the channel identified by C( to C( ; some commands do not support this syntax within a VDEF field This field type allows you to define a channel using any one of the following syntaxes‐ 24.2.2.6 CDEF COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX to NR syntax C( to C( KEYWORD syntax This field type contains to sub‐fields which define a measurement result to be used. See a later section for details regarding the 24.2.2.7 RDEF COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX sub‐fields of the RDEF command field type. This field type contains to sub‐fields which define a measurement result to be used. See a later section for details regarding the 24.2.2.8 DDEF COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX sub‐fields of the DDEF command field type. A COLOR command field contains three NR type sub‐fields defining the level of the red, green and blue color components 24.2.2.9 COLOR COMMAND FIELD SYNTAX respectively. Each value is a maximum of... -
Page 141: Command Keywords And Fields
digit characters with an embedded decimal point character, defining the mantissa portion of the numeric The letter E character upper case A polarity character, defining the polarity of the exponent A single digit character defining the exponent which is always a multiple of There is a special case of a NR response which is used to indicate that the data is not available. Normally a zero value uses a E‐ response; a response of + . E+ indicates that the value is unavailable. )n the tables below, the specified command KEYWORD should be followed by each field if any in the order described in the table 24.4 COMMAND KEYWORDS AND FIELDS with each field separated from the previous by a field separator character. E.g. VSCALE, , – turns off voltage scaling for channel . NOTES: For clarity, each command within each section is listed in alphabetical order and all tables listing those commands have the same column usage. Where the F)ELD s column indicates a dash ‐ then that command requires no fields. Where the F)ELD s column indicates that fields are required, then those fields must be included with the command in the order shown in the table. Both of these commands perform the same function. The use of either of these commands is recommended when starting a session 24.4.1 INTERFACE CLEAR COMMANDS with the XT to ensure that any incomplete activities performed in a prior session are properly discarded. COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA *CLS... -
Page 142: Unit And Channel Identification Query Commands
COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA Responds with the NR ERR register contents and clears the register FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE Response is the highest error encountered since cleared and has the following possible values ‐ : No error has occurred : The command cannot not be executed at this time : The content or configuration of the XT was not compatible with a command : An interface command field was syntactically valid but the data was out of *ERR? ‐ ‐ the valid range : An interface command field was syntactically invalid ‐ : An interface command field was expected but not found : An interface command field was found but not expected : An invalid interface command was found : The requested response data contains too many characters : A response was requested but the previous response has not been read : A Rx overrun occurred Responds with the NR ESR register contents and clears the register. The response forms a single byte quantity with the following logical bit meanings b is the LS bit for other than the GP)B interface ‐ b : Set if an interface command error occurred b : Set if a Tx overrun occurred This register has a different format for the GP)B interface as follows‐... -
Page 143: Date And Time Control And Query Commands
COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA This command sets the value of the ESE register and has the same format as FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE for the ESR register response used for the XT GP)B interface‐ b : Set by the *OPC command which is only available in the GP)B interface b : A query error has occurred *ESE NR to b : a command execution error occurred b : a command error occurred This register provides a mask for the ESR register to set b of the STB register if an enabled bit of the ESR register becomes set *ESE? ‐ ‐ Responds with the present NR contents of the ESE register *OPC ‐ ‐ Sets b of the ESR register ‐ Sets the SRE register and has the following format‐ ‐ b : set to allow STB b to cause an SRQ *SRE NR to... -
Page 144: Measurement State Control And Query Commands
COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA Responds with the NR VAR polarity setting as VAR is positive or FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION VARPOL? ‐ ‐ KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE negative for leading PF ‐ These commands which have a VDEF field will raise an error if the VDEF field defines a VPA which is not available. 24.4.8 MEASUREMENT STATE CONTROL AND QUERY COMMANDS COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA Clears all inrush max. hold measurement results FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION CLR)NRUS( ‐ ‐ KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE )nrush results are invalid until the next measurement period completion DATALOG NR or Sets whether data logging is to be started s= or stopped s= ‐... -
Page 145: Measurement Configuration Edit Commands
: A EN . . a measurement is in progress and has been COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE extended beyond the specified minimum time period data is available . : A EN . . d measurement is in progress data is available . The Measurement Configuration Edit commands shown below have been split into separate sections for clarity; all of the commands 24.4.9 MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION EDIT COMMANDS described in these sections are controlled by the ED)TCONF)G and SAVECONF)G commands. While performing an internal DC zero you should not send any of these commands to the XT These commands are checked only for syntax and compatibility with the installed hardware if applicable when each command is received and are not executed and the consistency of setting combinations are not checked until the SAVECONF)G command is used. )n this manner you may configure measurements using these commands in any order without the need to consider intermediate potentially incompatible setting combinations. For this reason, the C( to C( variants of the VDEF field format are not allowed for these commands. )f you are unsure if there are any pending commands from these sections e.g. from a prior session where the SAVECONF)G command was not used then you may use the ED)TCONF)G command to ensure that there are none the *RST or *CLS command also accomplish this and are the recommended method but also perform other functions . - Page 146 COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA Sets that signals in VPA v may be adjusted for the voltage drop across the A FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE terminals, or the current in the V terminals a= : No adjustments are made a= : adjusts the A signal to compensate for the V input current when V is connected at the source and you require the results at the source the V current is added to the A signal a= : adjusts the V signal to compensate for the A input drop when V is NR to connected at the load and you require the results at the source the A drop is added to the V signal a= : adjusts the V signal to compensate for the A input drop when V is connected at the source and you require the results at the load the A drop is subtracted from the V signal a= : adjusts the A signal to compensate for the V input current when V is connected at the load and you require the results at the load the V current is subtracted from the A signal VDEF ‐...
- Page 147 24.4.9.4 SCOPE VIEW CONFIGURATION COMMANDS FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Sets if performing a scope capture will temporarily override the A RANGE setting to KEYWORD FORMAT SCOPE)NRUS( NR or RANGE () and the BANDW)DT( setting to UNF)LTERED e= or not e= . Sets the scope data capture timebase to µs b= , µs b= , µs b= , µs b= , µs b= , µs b= , µs b= , ms b= , ms b= , ms b= , T)MEBASE NR to...
- Page 148 FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Sets that the motor has n poles, this is used when converting between electrical KEYWORD FORMAT MTRPOLES NR . to RANGE drive frequency and motor shaft rotation speed. Sets the motor slip shall be calculated according to n as follows‐ : no motor slip calculation MTRSL)P NR to : motor slip uses the frequency from VPA as the drive frequency : motor slip uses the frequency from VPA as the drive frequency : motor slip uses the frequency from VPA as the drive frequency Sets that the Motor Speed shall be measured according to n as follows‐ : No speed measurement : Speed measured using an analog input on the SPD connector : Speed measured using a digital input on the SPD connector : Speed measured using a digital input on the SPD connector with direction indicated by the digital input on the D)R connector SPD NR to : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only valid if VPA configured for use : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only valid if VPA configured for use : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only...
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Page 149: Measurement Configuration Query Commands
These commands respond with the requested configuration being used at the time of the command, not including any unsaved 24.4.10 MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION QUERY COMMANDS changes. These commands which have a VDEF field will raise an error if the VDEF field defines a VPA which is not available. These commands which have a CDEF field will raise an error if the CDEF field defines a channel which is not installed. FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Responds with the NR adjustment setting for VPA v – KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE : No adjustments are made : adjusts the A signal to compensate for the V input current when V is connected at the source and you require the results at the source the V current is added to the A signal adjusts the V signal to compensate for the A input drop when V is connected at the load and you require the results at the source the A drop is added to the V ADJUST? VDEF ‐ signal adjusts the V signal to compensate for the A input drop when V is connected at the source and you require the results at the load the A drop is subtracted from the V signal adjusts the A signal to compensate for the V input current when V is connected at the load and you require the results at the load the V current is subtracted from the A signal Responds with the NR current input range setting for channel c – : Set for the () range ARANGE? CDEF... - Page 150 FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Responds with the present delay time for data logging as four NR fields indicating KEYWORD FORMAT LOGDELAY? ‐ ‐ RANGE the days, hours, minutes and seconds respectively. Responds with the present file settings for data logging – ‐ field NR indicates if the file is in binary or ASC)) format or saved to internal memory LOGF)LE? ‐ ‐ field NR indicates if a header record will be included or not field NR indicates if an existing file will be append to or overwritten ‐ field STR)NG is the file name including extension Responds with the present interval for data logging as four NR fields indicating LOG)NTERVAL? ‐...
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Page 151: Configuration Save And Load Commands
FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Responds with the NR indicating the configured SPD input‐ KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE : No speed measurement : Speed measured using an analog input on the SPD connector : Speed measured using a digital input on the SPD connector : Speed measured using a digital input on the SPD connector with direction indicated by the digital input on the D)R connector SPD? ‐ ‐ : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only valid if VPA configured for use ‐ : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only valid if VPA configured for use : Speed derived from the electrical drive frequency measured in VPA only valid if VPA configured for use SPDOFFSET? ‐ ‐ Responds with the NR setting for the speed measurement offset Responds with NR indicating if the rising edge or the falling edge of the SPD SPDR)S)NG? -
Page 152: Harmonics Limits Configuration And Configuration Query Commands
FIELD COMMAND FIELD FIELD(s) DATA DESCRIPTION Saves the present complete configuration of the XT into an internal KEYWORD FORMAT TEMPSAVECFG ‐ ‐ RANGE temporary storage. Reloads the previously saved configuration from a TEMPSAVECFG command. )f ‐ TEMPLOADCFG ‐ ‐ there was no previous TEMPSAVECFG command then this command raises an error. This command can only be used once for each TEMPSAVECFG command. ‐ Any changes made to harmonics limits take an immediate effect but are volatile until the SAVE(L)M)TS command is used i.e. will 24.4.12 HARMONICS LIMITS CONFIGURATION AND CONFIGURATION QUERY COMMANDS not be retained when power is turned off . COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA CLR(L)M)TS KEYWORD V or A Removes all voltage i=V or current i=A harmonic limits FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD... -
Page 153: Measurement Results Query Commands
COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA NR to size sets the text size to pix size= , pix size= , pix size= , pix FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE size= or pix size= NR to size just sets the horizontal text justification to left just= , centered just= or right COLOR ‐ just= just RDEF ‐ colour sets the text colour R:G:B values colour NR... -
Page 154: Rdef Measurement Definition Field Sub-Fields
COMMAND FIELD FIELD DATA CDEF ‐ Responds with n data points of scope view data defined by c and s, starting at time FIELD(s) DESCRIPTION KEYWORD FORMAT RANGE start and ending at end both in seconds relative to the trigger detection time KEYWORD V or A or W Each data point is three fields as follows – NR to field: NR indicating if this data point contains data or not NR ‐ field: NR indicating the minimum level at this data point SCOPEV)EW? field: NR indicating the maximum level at this data point start Note – the response can be a very large number of characters up to . K and NR >start fields up to Note – if the requested timespan is a small fraction of the captured timespan then end not all response data may have valid data. - Page 155 Sub‐field STBYERR Responds with standby power measurement error in W Sub‐Field Value Description Format C( , C( , C( or C( is DEFAULT if no other Measurement Source sub‐field found C( Data is from the selected channel A , A , A , VPA , Data is from the selected VPA VPA or VPA Data is a motor measurement result only the Data field is used with MOTOR this source, any other fields are ignored Measurement Source KEYWORD Data is from the )N efficiency group or starts at this group if Measurement Source is M)DDLE or OUT Data is from the M)DDLE efficiency group or starts at this group if M)DDLE Measurement Source is OUT Data is from the OUT efficiency group Data is to the M)DDLE efficiency group only valid if Measurement M)DDLE Source is )N Data is to the OUT efficiency group only valid if Measurement...
- Page 156 Sub‐field Partial Odd (armonic Current only valid when used with AMPS Sub‐Field Value Description PO(C Format data for a channel Partial Weighted (armonic Current only valid when used with PW(C AMPS data for a channel Ending (armonic only used if Data includes harmonics up to and including this number if this Measurement Type is ( … or NR to sub‐field is not specified then data only includes the single harmonic % … specified in the Measurement Type sub‐field A list of allowed combinations is provided below. )n this list the following codes are used to reduce the length of the list – C(n Any of C( , C( , C( or C( Any of A , A or A Any of pA, pB, pC or pD Any of ( … Any of … Any of P …...
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Page 157: Ddef Measurement Definition Field Sub-Fields
AMPS:An:pX:%n WATTS:An:pAC:)NRUS( VAR:An:pBC:ACDC VA:An:)NTAVG AMPS:An:pX:%n:n WATTS:An:pAC:)NTEG VAR:An:pBC VA:An:C(ARGE AMPS:An:pN:DC WATTS:An:pAC:)NTAVG VAR:An:pBC:( VA:An:D)SC(ARGE AMPS:An:pN:AC WATTS:An:pAC:C(ARGE VAR:An:pBC:)NTEG VA:An:BOUG(T AMPS:An:pN:ACDC WATTS:An:pAC:D)SC(ARGE VAR:An:pBC:)NTAVG VA:An:SOLD AMPS:An:pN WATTS:An:pAC:BOUG(T VAR:An:pBC:BOUG(T PF:C(n:AC AMPS:An:pN:RECT)F)ED WATTS:An:pAC:SOLD VAR:An:pBC:SOLD PF:C(n:ACDC AMPS:An:pN:FF WATTS:An:pBC:DC VAR:An:AC PF:C(n AMPS:An:pN:CF WATTS:An:pBC:AC VAR:An:ACDC PF:C(n:)NTAVG AMPS:An:pN:PK WATTS:An:pBC:ACDC VAR:An PF:C(n:( AMPS:An:pN:)NRUS( WATTS:An:pBC VAR:An:(... - Page 158 Sub‐field LOSS Real power loss in W Sub‐Field Value Description Format EFF)C)ENCY or Real power efficiency in % EFF )maginary power in W Apparent power in VA Power factor SPEED Motor speed in rpm SL)P Motor slip in % TORQUE Motor torque in Nm LOADZ Load impedance in ohms C( , C( , C( or C( is DEFAULT if no other Measurement Source sub‐field found C( Data is from the selected channel A , A , A , VPA , Data is from the selected VPA VPA or VPA Data is a motor measurement result only the Data field is used with...
- Page 159 VOLTS:C(n:VALLEY AMPS:An:pX:(n VA:An:pAC:ACDC VOLTS:C(n:PK‐VLY AMPS:An:pX:P VA:An:pAC VOLTS:C(n:()PK AMPS:An:pX:T(Df VA:An:pAC:( VOLTS:C(n:LOPK AMPS:An:pX:T(Dsig VA:An:pBC:DC VOLTS:C(n:(n AMPS:An:pN:DC VA:An:pBC:AC VOLTS:C(n:P AMPS:An:pN:AC VA:An:pBC:ACDC VOLTS:C(n:T(Df AMPS:An:pN:ACDC VA:An:pBC VOLTS:C(n:T(Dsig AMPS:An:pN VA:An:pBC:( VOLTS:C(n:(L)ST AMPS:An:pN:CF VA:An:DC VOLTS:C(n:(L)ST:n AMPS:An:pN:PK VA:An:AC VOLTS:An:pX:DC AMPS:An:pN:( VA:An:ACDC VOLTS:An:pX:AC AMPS:An VA:An VOLTS:An:pX:ACDC AMPS:An:PK VA:An:( VOLTS:An:pX AMPS:An:( PF:C(n:AC VOLTS:An:pX:CF...
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Page 160: Inside The Xt2640
25 INSIDE THE XT2640 This section is intended to give you an insight into the internal structure of the XT . )n order to use the XT knowledge of the internal operation of the XT is not necessary. )n many places a full description is not provided to protect )P rights. The diagram below is a simplified block diagram of the measurement flow inside a XT MOTOR MOTOR FRONT PANEL MEASUREMENTS CIRCUITRY DATA LOGGING CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS CIRCUITRY CHANNEL CHANNEL CIRCUITRY MEASUREMENTS CHANNEL CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS CIRCUITRY MEASUREMENTS CIRCUITRY INTERFACE SAMPLING CONTROL MEASUREMENTS SAMPLING MEASUREMENTS SAMPLING MEASUREMENTS INTEGRATED DATA SCOPE DATA HISTORICAL CAPTURE... -
Page 161: Channel Circuitry
The diagram below is a simplified block diagram of the circuitry for each channel. Up to channels can be installed in a XT 25.2 CHANNEL CIRCUITRY Although not shown in this diagram, there is digital filtering on the sample data for both voltage and current as required for the BANDW)DT( configuration of the controlling VPA and the data is scaled and offset according to the channel calibration data and to user set scale and offset factors. The analog filtering shown in the diagram is simply to reduce sampling artifacts. CURRENT H: . Ω S: bit ADC D hi : . Ω DATA A: bit ADC D lo : . Ω X hi : . kΩ W: bit ADC X lo : . kΩ SAMPLE VOLTAGE S: ... -
Page 162: Vpa Fundamental Frequency
Voltage and current RMS the square root of the average squared sample in the measurement period . Watts the average of the voltage and current samples multiplied together in the measurement period (armonic amplitude and phase analysis of the voltage and current samples using Fourier Transforms . This analysis is only performed if a the fundamental frequency is known, and b you have configured for at least harmonic to be analyzed. Formulation of the Cycle View data from all samples in the measurement period. Cycle view places every sample from the measurement period at the correct phase to build a single cycle formed from all cycles present during the measurement period. This uses the results of the harmonic analysis at the fundamental to position the samples correctly and it uses the fundamental frequency. Spectral analysis of the voltage and current samples using Fourier Transforms . This analysis is only performed if configured. D current option only if configured for auto‐range : At any time during a measurement period if the range is presently the LO range and the current is at least close to overload then the () range is immediately commanded in this channel and the relevant sampling control is commanded to start a new measurement period however all channels in the affected VPA are commanded to not discard the existing peak results when starting this measurement period. )f at the end of the measurement period the range is presently the () range but all samples within the measurement were below a level indicating that the LO range may be used, then the LO range is commanded prior to starting the next measurement period. 25.5 VPA MEASUREMENTS Each VPA provides a fundamental frequency to its associated sampling control as determined by the FUND configuration setting in 25.5.1 VPA FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY the VPA; this may be by measurement, by configuration, or from another VPA. )f the fundamental frequency is measured then this is from the voltage or current in the lowest numbered channel in the VPA and uses the following method‐ This is performed by measurement of the period between zero crossings of the output of a digital band‐pass filter which uses the configured samples from the channel. (ysteresis is employed on the zero crossing detection to prevent near fundamental signal components from creating false zero crossing detections. Because the filtering is band‐pass the frequency is established regardless of any DC signal content. -
Page 163: Integrated Data
AC voltages and currents are computed from the DC and AC+DC RMS measurement results using the fact that AC+DC = AC + DC DC Watts for a channel is computed from the multiplication of the DC voltage and current and is identical to DC VA . AC Watts for a channel is computed using the fact that W AC+DC = W DC + W AC VA for a channel is computed from the multiplication of the appropriate voltage and current data. PF for a channel or for a VPA is computed using the fact that PF = W / VA. VAR for a channel is computed using the fact that VA = W + VAR with the polarity of the resultant VAR set according to the configured lead/lag information. VPA total Watts is computed from the sum of the Watts for the channels in the VPA VPA total VAR and VA is computed according to the method selected in the configuration for that VPA. VPA overall lead/lag is taken from the polarity of the sum of the channel VAR for the VPA. The total Watts for an efficiency group is the sum of the VPA total Watts for each VPA configured by the EFF/LOSS setting to be in the requested group. At the end of every measurement period in any VPA, all integrated results are accumulated with the product of the result and the 25.7 INTEGRATED DATA entire measurement period time if integration was neither started nor stopped during it or a partial measurement period time if integration was started and/or stopped during it . While data logging is running the configured data is obtained from the data collection block and is saved into a large buffer F)FO. 25.8 DATA LOGGING The output of this F)FO is formatted as needed and written to the USB Drive if possible. -
Page 164: Options And Accessories
26 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES This option extends the standard harmonic capability of a maximum of harmonics to a maximum of harmonics and also 26.1 OPTION H500 enables spectral analysis. This option is available for any channel types, is field installable, does not require removal of the covers, and does not affect calibration of the XT ; contact Vitrek for details. This option extends the standard harmonic capability of the XT to allow for EN ‐ ‐ and ‐ assessment of a EUT when 26.2 OPTION EN installed with option ( . This option is available for any channel types, is field installable, does not require removal of the covers, and does not affect calibration of the XT ; contact Vitrek for details. This accessory provides a rack mounting kit which allows the XT to be mounted in a U space in a rack. 26.3 ACCESSORY RM‐7 This accessory provides the connections necessary for you to connect a mains plug for a unit under test to a mains supply, with one 26.4 ACCESSORY 280X IEC ADAPTOR CORD channel of the XT analyzing the power drawn by the unit under test. Note: this accessory is limited to a maximum of Vrms and Arms. This accessory provides a (ard Carrying case for the XT 26.5 ACCESSORY HC‐7... -
Page 165: Dimensional, Environmental And Power Supply Specifications
27 DIMENSIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS Nominal Dimensions mm( x mmW x mmD . x . with feet not extended 27.1 DIMENSIONAL Nominal Weight . kg lb net, kg lb shipping Storage Environment ‐ to C ‐ to F non‐condensing 27.2 ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Environment to to F , < % R( non‐condensing , Pollution Degree Operating Altitude to ft ASL Line Power... -
Page 166: Electrical Channel Input And Accuracy Specifications
28 ELECTRICAL CHANNEL INPUT AND ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS Specifications are valid under the following conditions‐ All specifications are valid following a minute warm‐up period after turning power ON in the XT , when operated from the specified source of power and within the specified environmental conditions. All specifications in the tables of this section other than those labelled Base Scaling Error are valid for the lifetime of the ; Base Scaling Error specifications are valid for up to years after calibration in normal use, or months when continuously used above % of the maximum specified voltage or current signal range. All specifications are valid at the XT terminals. DC floor specifications assume that AUTOZERO is ON. )f AUTOZERO is OFF add the DC Floor specification per C from the temperature of the last performed )NT DC ZERO or when AUTOZERO was last ON whichever occurred last . MA)NS specifications are valid for signals with (z to (z fundamental with to harmonics configured and when using AUTO‐TRACK bandwidth limiting; otherwise use the AV)ON)CS or AC specifications as applicable. AV)ON)CS specifications are valid for signals with (z to (z fundamental with to harmonics configured or for signals with (z to (z fundamental with > harmonics configured, and when using AUTO‐TRACK bandwidth limiting; otherwise use the AC or MA)NS specifications. -
Page 167: Voltage Measurement Accuracy
The charts below show guaranteed maximum voltage errors for DC, MA)NS, AV)ON)CS, and k(z throughout a V to V range 28.2.2 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT ACCURACY of applied voltages expressed as % of reading and are valid within ± C of the calibration temperature add . % per C beyond this and where no significant common‐mode is present. Following the charts is a table which can be used to calculate the guaranteed accuracies for applications other than shown in the charts and also for the computation of numerical errors. DC Voltage Accu acy L Channel S Channel A Channel W Channel MAINS Voltage Accu acy L Channel S Channel A Channel W Channel AVIONICS Voltage Accu acy L Channel S Channel A Channel W Channel kHz Voltage Accu acy L Channel S Channel A Channel W Channel Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... - Page 168 Add relevant errors from the table below for the maximum error in primary voltage measurements e.g. DC, AC, AC+DC, Rectified, 28.2.2.1 PRIMARY VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE Peak, Valley, Peak‐Valley . Apply to all results as shown below as a percentage of the reading MAXIMUM SCALING ERRORS )f signal contains significant levels at multiple frequencies, apply to each level & frequency . % Specification S Channel Type A Channel Type L Channel Type W Channel Type Apply to all results . % if ms LF/PER)OD Base Scaling Error AV)ON)CS None None LF or VLF < k(z F* . F* . Apply to all results other than DC or k‐ k(z %+ F‐ Frequency Dependent Scaling Error MA)NS k‐ k(z %+ F‐...
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Page 169: Current Measurement Specifications
Total Scaling errors = ± . % of reading Floor Errors: Base Floor = µV DC Floor = V/ V * mV = AC floor = µV/ V at MA)NS = . µV can be ignored Common‐Mode = if not ø w ch wiring = none Common‐Mode = if ø w ch wiring = µV* V/√ * (z = . mV at ° = ± . mV Total Floor Errors = ± . mV or ± . mV = . -
Page 170: Current Measurement Accuracy
The charts below show guaranteed maximum current errors for DC, MA)NS, AV)ON)CS, and k(z throughout a µA to A range 28.3.2 CURRENT MEASUREMENT ACCURACY of applied currents expressed as % of reading and are valid within ± C of the calibration temperature add . % per C beyond this and where no significant common‐mode is present. Following the charts is a table which can be used to calculate the guaranteed accuracies for applications other than shown in the charts and also for the computation of numerical errors. DC Cu ent Accu acy LH or AH LD or AD MAINS Cu ent Accu acy LH or AH LD or AD AVIONICS Cu ent Accu acy LH or AH LD or AD kHz Cu ent Accu acy LH or AH LD or AD Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... - Page 171 DC Cu ent Accu acy X Option L or AX HI S X HI WX HI L or AX LO SX LO WX LO MAINS Cu ent Accu acy X Option L or AX HI S X HI WX HI L or AX LO SX LO WX LO AVIONICS Cu ent Accu acy X Option L or AX HI S X HI WX HI L or AX LO SX LO WX LO kHz Cu ent Accu acy X Option L or AX HI S X HI WX HI L or AX LO SX LO WX LO Operating Manual July Page...
- Page 172 Add relevant errors from the table below for the maximum error in primary current measurements e.g. DC, AC, AC+DC, Rectified, 28.3.2.1 PRIMARY CURRENT MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE Peak, Valley, Peak‐Valley . Apply to all results as shown below as a percentage of the reading MAXIMUM SCALING ERRORS )f signal contains significant levels at multiple frequencies, apply to each level & frequency Channel A or L Specification Option H Option D HI Range Option D LO Range Option X HI Range Option X LO Range Type Apply to all results S or W . % . % if ms LF/PER)OD Base Scaling Error S, A or L LF or VLF A or L AV)ON)CS S or W None S, A or L F* . < k(z F* . Frequency S, A or L %+ F‐...
- Page 173 28.3.2.2 SECONDARY CURRENT MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE Channel All Total Current Floor Error from preceding table for PK results / A Specification Option H Option D HI Range Option D LO Range Option X HI Range Option X LO Range Type All Total Current Floor Error from preceding table for AC+DC results / A Crest Factor Error RECT)F)ED Relevant Current Errors from preceding table for A Form Factor Error ø w All + Relevant Current Errors from preceding table for A øA + . % of A øB øA øB Relevant Current Errors from preceding table for A Multi‐Channel For similar ø w ch All + Relevant Current Errors from preceding table for A øA...
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Page 174: Watts, Var And Va Measurement Specifications
Total (armonic Amplitude Errors = ± . % of reading For an AD type channel the maximum error of a measurement of a %T(D of a Arms current at (z when harmonics are Example 3 configured is a worst case of ± . % as calculated by: *N *%T(D = . = . %T(D *N*√N = . *√ = . %T(D = . / = . %T(D For an A type channel the maximum error of the current:voltage fundamental phase at (z is a worst case of . °+ . °* . Example 4 ± . °... - Page 175 Watts E o s F e uency @ V, A PF= . and , D o H options A PF= S PF= W PF= A PF= . S PF= . W PF= . Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
- Page 176 28.4.1 WATTS, VAR AND VA MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS Add relevant errors from the table below for the maximum error in all Watts, VA and VAR measurements except harmonic Watts. 28.4.1.1 PRIMARY WATTS, VAR AND VA MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE Note that by definition DC Watts and DC VA are identical, and DC VAR is zero. Apply to all results as shown below as a percentage of the reading MAXIMUM SCALING ERRORS )f signal contains significant levels at multiple frequencies, apply to each level & frequency Channel A or L Specification Option H Option D HI Range Option D LO Range Option X HI Range Option X LO Range Type Apply to all results S or W % . % if ms LF/PER)OD Base Scaling Error S, A or L LF or VLF A or L AV)ON)CS S or W None S, A or L F* . < k(z F* . Frequency Dependent Apply to AC component of S, A or L %+ F‐...
- Page 177 28.4.1.2 HARMONIC WATTS MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE Channel AC Watts Errors other than Phase Floor Error from preceding table at levels and F of the harmonic or spectrum point Specification Option H Option D HI Range Option D LO Range Option X HI Range Option X LO Range Type All + (/N * . % of reading + from below using the frequency of the harmonic or spectrum point < k(z % + . %+ . %*F /PF A or L k‐ k(z % + . %+ . %*F /PF <...
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Page 178: Power Factor Measurement Specifications
28.5 POWER FACTOR MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS Add relevant errors from the table below for the maximum error in PF measurements. For PF apply only the Base Floor and 28.5.1 PF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TABLE FUND Phase Errors. Note: DC PF is . by definition and has no error; the table below applies to AC, AC+DC and FUND PF results. Channel µA/A µA/A nA/A µA/A µA/A Specification Option H Option D HI Range Option D LO Range Option X HI Range Option X LO Range Type µV/V AC+DC µV/V AC+DC µV/V AC+DC µV/V AC+DC µV/V AC+DC AC+DC AC+DC AC+DC AC+DC AC+DC µA/A µA/A nA/A... - Page 179 Total Phase Errors = ± . Frequency Range FUND setting of MA)NS: (z to 28.6 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS FUND setting of AV)ON)CS: (z to Otherwise‐ LF/PER)OD setting of VLF: . (z to LF/PER)OD setting of LF: . (z to k(z LF/PER)OD setting of ms period: (z to k(z W channel type or k(z other channel types LF/PER)OD setting of ms period: (z to k(z W channel type or k(z other channel types LF/PER)OD setting of ms period: (z to k(z W channel type or k(z other channel types LF/PER)OD setting of ms period: (z to...
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Page 180: Mechanical Channel Input And Accuracy Specifications (Mt Type)
29 MECHANICAL CHANNEL INPUT AND ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS (MT TYPE) Specifications are valid under the following conditions‐ All specifications are valid following a minute warm‐up period after turning power ON in the XT , when operated from the specified source of power and within the specified environmental conditions. All specifications other than Analog )nput Measurement Specifications are valid for the lifetime of the XT ; Analog )nput Measurement Specifications are valid for years after calibration. All specifications are valid at the XT terminals. Note: The No Damage input signal range is that which will not cause immediate damage. Continued use of these levels may reduce reliability and/or future accuracy. The Specified input signal range is that of continuously applied signal levels for which measurements are guaranteed to be within the specified accuracies. Accuracy specifications are guaranteed maximum errors. You should round the total maximum error upwards to the next integer count of resolution e.g. if the total error is . mV and the data is read with mV resolution then use mV as the maximum error . All percentages are % of reading unless otherwise described. )nput Terminals SPD Speed : BNC isolated from XT chassis , configurable as analog or digital input 29.1 INPUT CAPABILITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS TRQ Torque : BNC isolated from XT chassis , configurable as analog or digital input D)R Direction : BNC isolated from XT... -
Page 181: Integration Specifications
30 ANALYSIS SPECIFICATIONS Specifications are valid under the following conditions‐ All specifications are valid following a minute warm‐up period after turning power ON in the XT , when operated from the specified source of power and within the specified environmental conditions. All specifications are valid for the lifetime of the XT Note: All percentages are % of reading unless otherwise described. Start Delay Time Zero to days, hours, minutes, seconds second resolution 30.1 INTEGRATION SPECIFICATIONS % + ms maximum error )ntegration Time Manual unrestricted period of time , or second to days, hours, minutes, seconds % + ms maximum error Maximum Data Error % + ms not for integrated average data + . /measurement period in seconds % per year This section is not applicable when configured for EN ‐... - Page 182 Signal Range As specifications for Voltage and Current 30.4 CYCLE VIEW SPECIFICATIONS Cycle Period From . us W type channels , . us otherwise up to seconds Time Resolution of a cycle Method Mean cycle formed by asynchronously sampling all cycles within measurement period Maximum Error As Voltage and Current Specifications for PK data Watts = multiplication of V and A waveforms Signal Range As specifications for Voltage and Current 30.5 SCOPE SPECIFICATIONS Timebase / / settings from us/div to s/div Capture Depth Up to k points per signal Capture Resolution < . % of specified maximum measurable peak Voltage or Current Sampling Period nominal Greater of ‐ .
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Page 183: Calibration Adjustment
31 CALIBRATION ADJUSTMENT Typically calibration adjustment should be rarely needed; however you may wish to perform it at periodic intervals to ensure optimal performance. The XT employs internal software calibration adjustments, there are no physical adjustments required. These adjustments are needed to correct for manufacturing tolerances in the components used in the XT )t is important to note that there is no calibration of electro‐mechanical performance e.g. high frequency response or design defects, giving you a high degree of certainty that the XT maintains its specifications. Calibration adjustment can only be performed via an interface using an application provided on the CD with the XT . This application does not control the source of the voltage or current being used for adjustment, it only controls the XT . You should ensure ‐ The computer being used has a suitable interface installed. The computer being used has the supplied XT calibration adjustment application installed. The XT has been properly configured for the interface chosen. Calibration adjustment should only be performed after the XT has been continuously powered in a stable environment for at least hour. )f the XT has been moved between differing environments, then at least hours should be allowed. )n the procedure below, each installed channel is calibrated separately and the procedure varies automatically depending on the channel type the letter of the channel code and the channel current option the letter of the channel code . ... -
Page 184: Adjustment Procedure
Only required for channels having the X current option A source of AC voltage into a Kohm load at mVrms at a frequency of between and (z the use of (z or (z is recommended with sufficient amplitude accuracy to ensure the desired ratio between the specified XT accuracy and that of the applied voltage. For a : TUR typically used the voltage source should have an accuracy of < . % S or W channel types or < . % A channel types at these levels. Note that some sources may require that you adjust the voltage setting to achieve the correct voltage into a Kohm load. After first running the software application provided and connecting the chosen interface between the computer and the XT 31.2 ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE you should perform the actions of each of the following sections. )n the )NTERFACE TO UN)T TO BE ADJUSTED area of the application‐ 31.2.1 STARTING THE INTERFACE TO THE XT2640 Using the radio buttons, select the chosen interface to the XT . )f using the RS interface select the baud rate for the RS interface. )f using the LAN interface type in the )P address of the XT . This can be seen by pressing the LAN info area on the XT screen. - Page 185 During each step in the adjustment procedure the same actions are needed not all steps may be present and the source required in each step varies depending on the channel type and option being adjusted ‐ Note the expected input to the terminals as noted in the SOURCE LEVEL and CONNECT)ONS window and apply the source as requested. Ensure that only the expected connections are made to the XT , there should be no other connections during any step in the procedure. When the requested input has been provided, press the START ADJUSTMENT STEP button. For the zero adjustment steps steps , and : the ADJUSTMENT area shows the target level always zero , the actual reading, and the applied adjustment. These are each in volts or amps units depending on the zero being adjusted. Adjustment is automatic for these steps, so you should just press the F)N)S( ADJUSTMENT STEP button for each when you are satisfied that the zero has been fully adjusted. i. Where a short circuit is requested to be applied, you should also ground the short circuit. ii. Where an open circuit is requested to be applied, all terminals should have no connections. iii. Particularly for the LO range X option DC zero adjustment step for the X option there may be thermally induced voltages on the short circuit being used. For step of the X current option adjustment it is recommended to wait at least minute for any thermals to have dissipated before pressing the F)N)S( ADJUSTMENT STEP button. iv. You should be aware of the XT specifications for the channel and step being adjusted. Using this will assist you in determining if you are satisfied with the adjustment or not. )n some steps the last digit is not trimmed to be exactly correct. For the scaling adjustment steps steps onwards : the ADJUSTMENT area shows the target level which may be overwritten if desired , the actual XT reading both in Volts or Amps as applicable , the applied adjustment in percent and allows you to either adjust the XT...
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Page 186: Finishing The Procedure
After the last step has been completed for this channel there are up to steps for each channel press the SAVE ADJUSTMENTS button to save the adjustments to the channel and return to selecting the next channel to adjust. NOTE: pressing the ABORT ADJUSTMENTS button at any time during the adjustment of a channel will discard any adjustments made to that channel until the SAVE ADJUSTMENTS button is pressed. When all adjustments have been performed on all channels requiring adjustment, the user may press the D)SCONNECT button to 31.2.3 FINISHING THE PROCEDURE disconnect the application from the XT . The adjustments were saved when each channel adjustment was completed. WARN)NG: Do not remove power from the XT during or until at least seconds after completing adjustments. Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com... -
Page 187: Calibration Verification
32 CALIBRATION VERIFICATION To be determined Operating Manual July Page of www.valuetronics.com...
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