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Tektronix RSA3408B User Manual
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Tektronix RSA3408B User Manual

Tektronix RSA3408B User Manual

8 ghz real-time spectrum analyzer
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RSA3408B
8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer
ZZZ
User Manual
*P071236402*
071-2364-02

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Summary of Contents for Tektronix RSA3408B

  • Page 1 RSA3408B 8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer User Manual *P071236402* 071-2364-02...
  • Page 3 User Manual RSA3408B 8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer 071-2364-02 This document applies to firmware version 4.10 and above. www.tektronix.com...
  • Page 4 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material.
  • Page 5 End User License Agreement for Microsoft Software You have acquired a device (“DEVICE”) that includes software licensed by Tektronix Japan, Ltd. (“TJ”) from Microsoft Licensing Inc. or its affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well as associated media, printed materials, and “online”...
  • Page 6 LIMITATIONS ON REVERSE ENGINEERING, DECOMPILATION, AND DISASSEMBLY. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRICTIONS. You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device, and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA.
  • Page 7 Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located.
  • Page 9 ..........2- - 27 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 10 ..........3- - 177 Synchronous Operation with External Instruments ..... . 3- - 178 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 11 ........3- - 264 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 12 ..........G- - 3 Glossary Index RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 13 ........2- -13 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 14 ......2- -50 Figure 2- -48: Channel power measurement ..... 2- -51 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 15 ......... . 3- -28 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 16 3- -78 Figure 3- -64: Carrier measurement ......3- -81 viii RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 17 3- -143 Figure 3- -101: Setting the amplitude ......3- -144 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 18 ......3- -177 Figure 3- -127: Synchronous operation of two RSA3408B analyzers 3- -178 Figure 3- -128: FFT and RBW process .
  • Page 19 3- -248 Figure 3- -176: Input menu structure ......3- -249 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 20 ....C- -5 Figure D- -1: Detaching the removable hard disk drive ... D- -2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 21 ....3- -140 Table 3- -26: Reference level setting range ..... . 3- -144 xiii RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 22 ......G- -3 Table G- -4: Accessories for optional software ....G- -4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 23 Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation. RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 24 CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. Symbols on the Product. The following symbols may appear on the product: Mains Connected Protective Ground CAUTION Mains Disconnected ON (Power) (Earth) Terminal Refer to Manual OFF (Power) RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 25 H IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity EN 61000- 3- 2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions EN 61000- 3- 3:1995. Voltage changes, fluctuations, and flicker European Contact. Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula Western Road Bracknell, RG12 1RF United Kingdom xvii RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 26 Canadian Certification H CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Part 1. Additional Compliances H IEC 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. xviii RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 27 H Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations. Pollution Degree Pollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only. RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 28 (WEEE) and batteries. For infor- mation about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com). Mercury Nortification. This product uses an LCD backlight lamp that contains mercury. Disposal may be regulated due to environmental considerations. Please contact your local authorities or, within the United States, refer to the E-cycling Central Web page (www.eiae.org) for disposal or recycling information.
  • Page 29 Preface This is the user manual for the RSA3408B 8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. It covers the following information: H Product features H Installation H Operation H Menu structure H Accessories About This Manual This manual is composed of the following chapters: H Getting Started describes the functions, architecture, installation, and calibration of the analyzer.
  • Page 30 Preface Related Documents In addition to this user manual, the following documentation is available for your analyzer. Tektronix part numbers are supplied in Appendix G: Options and Accessories. H RSA3000B Series Programmer Manual (standard accessory, PDF) contains the programming commands and other information related to controlling the analyzer over the GPIB interface.
  • Page 31 Press the Source side key. H A series of keys, controls, and/or menu items separated by an arrow symbol (>) indicates the order in which to perform the listed tasks. For example: Select RBW/FFT > Filter Shape... > Gaussian. xxiii RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 32 Preface xxiv RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 33 Getting Started...
  • Page 35 Product Overview The RSA3408B is a portable real-time spectrum analyzer having RF measure- ment capability up to 8 GHz with wide vector span of 36 MHz. The real-time spectrum analyzer has a different architecture from traditional tools, and is uniquely capable of capturing continuous, intermittent, or random signals with equal ease.
  • Page 36 Product Overview Application The RSA3408B can perform real-time analysis for the following purposes: H Signal quality analysis of analog and digital modulation H Understanding frequency and spectral occupancy behavior over time H Capture and characterization of undesired, unknown, or interfering signals...
  • Page 37 NOTE. An intermittent signal, such as a burst phenomenon, will not be detected unless it is present at the exact moment that the filter is being swept past it. Sweep start stop Figure 1- 2: Sweep of resolution filter 1- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 38 The method used to concurrently acquire signals in a certain frequency range is not bandpass filters, but FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). The RSA3408B first acquires a series of frames of data in the time domain, as shown in Figure 1- -5, and then performs the FFT process for each frame.
  • Page 39 Produces FFT spectrums Generates the histogram to display with (here 9 spectrums) color-grading by the data occurrences Count the data occurrences for each pixel Amplitude Amplitude Time Frequency Frequency Figure 1- 6: DPX processing 1- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 40 RF view of dynamic signals to the discovery of single occurrences. Persistence is what enables the spectrum analyzer to display events that occur only rarely. 1- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 41 Data memory Memory controller Pixel buffer memory 64 MB (standard) 256 MB (optional) Local bus PCI bridge Windows Display Front panel key board PC Mass storage devices External interface GPIB Figure 1- 8: Block diagram 1- 7 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 42 Because the trigger comparator is continuously operating at the maximum rate, no events will be missed. The pre-trigger and post-trigger positions can be set as needed; events before and after the trigger event can be measured. 1- 8 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 43 8.4 inch XGA TFT-LCD module. The standard analyzer has the following external interfaces: H USB (for a mouse, keyboard, printer and so on) H LAN (Ethernet 10/100BASE-T) H GPIB H VGA (for an external monitor) 1- 9 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 44 Product Overview 1- 10 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 45 3. It is recommended to keep the box and packing materials. You may need them to send this product to Tektronix for calibration or repair. CAUTION. The analyzer has exhaust fans on the side panel. Leave a space of at least 5 cm (2 in) on both sides for proper air circulation.
  • Page 46 G- -2 for the power cord options. The maximum power consumption is 350 W. Refer to Specifications in the RSA3408B Technical Reference for additional information on power and environmental requirements. CAUTION. Use only power cords that are approved for the country of use. Using non-approved power cords could result in fire or shock hazard.
  • Page 47 When you turn on the analyzer, Windows XP starts. After several minutes, the analyzer application starts. The initial screen appears as shown in Figure 1- -12. The displayed spectrum represents the noise floor of the analyzer. 1- 13 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 48 RF INPUT connector. If you exceed this input rating, you can permanently damage the analyzer. (The RF INPUT connector is shown in Figure 1- -13.) RF INPUT connector Max +30 dBm AC + DC Figure 1- 13: RF INPUT connector 1- 14 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 49 To set up the stand, place the analyzer on a table. Lift the front of the analyzer and pull out the stand until it is perpendicular to the analyzer. Stand Figure 1- 14: Setting up the stand 1- 15 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 50 Check that “INPUT: CAL” and “FREE RUN” are displayed in the status indicator at the upper right of the screen (see Figure 1- -15). Status indicator Marker readout Marker Figure 1- 15: Spectrum of the calibration signal (100 MHz, about - 20 dBm) 1- 16 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 51 20 kHz 100 kHz 500 Hz 1 kHz 20 Hz d. Using the numeric keypad, set the span back to 36 MHz. (Press 3 > 6 > MHz, in that order, on the keypad.) 1- 17 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 52 Reference level Figure 1- 17: Reference level setting and overrange indicator e. Using the numeric keypad, set the reference level back to 0 dBm. (Press 0 > Enter, in that order, on the keypad.) 1- 18 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 53 Press the Run/Stop key on the front panel to stop data acquisition. Confirm that the trace display freezes and PAUSE is displayed in the status indicator at the top right of the screen. Status indicator Spectrogram Figure 1- 18: Spectrogram display 1- 19 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 54 Turning off the principal power switch turns off the front-panel LED. When you do not use the analyzer for a long time or in case of emergency, you should unplug the power cord. 1- 20 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 55 (dots that always stay on). This is neither a malfunction nor a defect, and not a cause for repair or exchange. Restoring the Instrument Refer to Appendix E: Restoring the Instrument Operating System. Operating System 1- 21 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 56 It is not recommended that you install other applications, including Micro- soft Word, Excel, and Outlook, on the analyzer. If you install an external application, you do so at your own risk, keeping in mind that it may lower the performance of the analyzer. 1- 22 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 57 Perform these routines to optimize the analyzer performance: H Gain calibration H Center offset calibration H DC offset calibration H IF flatness calibration H Display brightness adjustment Each item is explained in this section. 1- 23 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 58 Auto Calibration. Determines whether to automatically perform all possible calibration operations. The default setting is On. Service... This menu item is only to be used by qualified personnel for repair and calibration. Refer to the RSA3408B Technical Reference and Service Manual (optional accessory) for details. 1- 24...
  • Page 59 To run the gain calibration, do the following: 1. Press the CAL key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate Gain side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 25 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 60 To run the center offset calibration, do the following: 1. Press the Cal key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate Center Offset side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 26 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 61 To run the IF flatness calibration, do the following: 1. Press the Cal key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate IF Flatness side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 27 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 62 3. Turn the general purpose knob to adjust the brightness. The setting range is 0 to 100. Confirming Performance The electrical characteristics described in the RSA3408B Technical Reference can be checked only by our service personnel. If you need any service, contact your local Tektronix representative.
  • Page 63 Operating Basics...
  • Page 65 H Using a mouse and keyboard H Display screen H Elements of the display H Status display H Front panel key lock H Setup display For using the removable hard disk drive (Option 06), refer to Appendix D. 2- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 66 Figures 2- -1 through 2- -3 on the following pages show the controls and connec- tors on the front, the side, and the rear panels. For the connector specifications, refer to the RSA3408B Technical Reference. Figure 2- 1: Front panel...
  • Page 67 CAUTION. Do not apply a signal of more than +30dBm; to do so may damage the instrument. 6. Preamplifier power source. Provides power source for a preamplifier (optional accessory). Refer to the RSA3408B Technical Reference for specifications. 7. General purpose knob. Changes a setting.
  • Page 68 Interface Maps Figure 2- 2: Rear panel 2- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 69 (Intermediate Frequency) output. 6. GPIB connector. Used to control the analyzer from an external controller. Refer to the RSA3408B Programmer Manual for GPIB control. 7. DIGITAL IQ OUT (Option 05 only). MDR (3M) 50-pin connectors for generating I and Q data after A/D conversion (refer to Architecture on page 1- -7) to store and analyze on an external PC.
  • Page 70 NOTE. The Windows XP default network settings are configured when the instrument is shipped from the factory. Contact your system administrator for information about setting network parameters in your LAN. For using Windows XP on the analyzer, refer to page 2- -27. 2- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 71 You can connect the devices any time, with no setup (plug & play), to either or both ports. You can also connect a mouse to a USB port on a keyboard (see Figure 2- -4). Figure 2- 4: Connecting USB devices 2- 7 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 72 U or u key Alphanumeric input micro (10 ). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value. - - 9 N or n key Alphanumeric input nano (10 ). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value. 2- 8 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 73 Interface Maps Display Screen Figure 2- -6 shows the elements of the display screen. Figure 2- 6: Display screen configuration 2- 9 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 74 3- -31 Time Analysis (Time mode) page 3- -99 Setting Views page 3- -203 8. Measurement function display area. Displays the measurement function currently in use (the settings of the Mode and Measure menus). 2- 10 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 75 Thereafter, it is stored in the post-trigger region (see Figure 2- -8). Data memory Pre-trigger region Post-trigger region Time Trigger point Figure 2- 8: Pre- and post-trigger regions 2- 11 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 76 To cancel the key lock, the following two methods can be used: H Use the :SYSTEM:KLOCK command to cancel. H Turn the power off and then on. Refer to the RSA3000B Series Programmer Manual for information about the GPIB commands. 2- 12 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 77 Indicates time interval between FFT frames. Refer to FFT Start Point on page 3- - 183. Acquisition Length Indicates time to acquire a block of data. Demod and Time It can be set in the Acquisition/Analysis menu. 2- 13 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 78 Interface Maps 2- 14 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 79 H Mode. Selects a measurement mode. H View. Selects a view content and scales a measurement graph. H Markers. Controls markers. H Utility. Provides system initialization, waveform storage facilities, instru- ment calibration, screen hard copy, and miscellaneous other functions. 2- 15 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 80 Trigger (page 3- - 163) RBW/FFT Sets RBW and FFT parameters. FFT and RBW (page 3- - 179) Trace/Avg Controls trace display and average function. Trace Comparison Display and Average Function (page 3- - 191) 2- 16 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 81 Prints the screen image. Screen Copy (page 3- - 283) Macro Shows a menu listing all macros. For installing macros, contact your local Tektronix sales office. Macro Setup Shows a menu to configure macros. 2- 17 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 82 Returns to the last displayed menu or cancels a partial numeric entry from the keypad. Opens a menu. Figure 2- 12: Example menu item display NOTE. When the setting is prohibited or is not available, the item is displayed in gray. 2- 18 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 83 (▲B) keys, or by entering a value using the keypad. Numeric input field Figure 2- 14: Numeric setting menu 2- 19 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 84 H For the up and down keys, the step size is set with the Step Size side key. Refer to Changing the Step Size on page 2- -22 for the detail. The changed value is immediately reflected on the analyzer settings and displays. 2- 20 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 85 3. Confirm the input by pressing the unit key or Enter key. The confirmed value is immediately reflected to the analyzer settings and display. Press the Cancel - Back side key to cancel the change. 2- 21 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 86 Figure 2- 19: Changing the step size to the predetermined values Measurement Basics Selecting the When you start a measurement, first select the measurement mode. Measurement Mode For details on each mode, refer to the section shown in Table 2- -5. 2- 22 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 87 3- - 99 page 3- - 99 Pulse Measurements Pulse characteristics analysis Signal Source Analysis Signal source analysis (Option 21) Contains optional analysis functions. Refer to Appendix G: Options and Accessories for optional software. 2- 23 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 88 H Pressing the Preset key returns the instrument settings to the factory defaults for the current measurement mode. H Pressing System > Reset All to Factory Defaults sets all parameters for all measurements and modes to the default values. 2- 24 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 89 Instrument Setup... Sets the fundamental parameters for measurements. H Angular Units. Selects degree (default) or radian for the angular unit. H Digital IQ Output. Option 05 Only. Turns on or off the digital IQ output from the rear panel connectors. 2- 25 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 90 Option Key / Change Option Key Allow you to use option (if available). To check on the availability of option, contact your local Tektronix office. Installed options Figure 2- 24: Displaying versions and options The following information is shown on the screen:...
  • Page 91 2. Use a mouse to move the pointer to the bottom of screen (see Figure 2- -25). The task bar appears. 3. Locate the pointer on the RSA3408B icon in the task bar and right-click. A menu appears. 4. Select Close from the menu. The analyzer system program terminates and the Windows XP desktop screen appears.
  • Page 92 Functional Overview When you move the mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen, the task bar appears. Task bar RSA icon Figure 2- 25: Displaying the Windows XP accessory menu 2- 28 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 93 H Displaying DPX spectrum H Displaying spectrogram H Spectrum analysis H Modulation analysis H Turning off the power NOTE. You must complete the installation procedures (starting on page 1- -11) before performing any of the following steps. 2- 29 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 94 ... Modulation source ..Internal 10 kHz Modulation depth ..2- 30 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 95 Principal power switch Figure 2- 27: Principal power switch (rear panel) 3. Turn on the power switch (On/Standby) on the front panel, as shown in Figure 2- -28. Power switch Figure 2- 28: Power switch (On/Standby) 2- 31 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 96 This tutorial starts with the factory default settings. Perform the following steps to restore the factory default settings: 1. Press the System key. System key 2. Press the Reset All to Factory Defaults side key. The instrument is now ready to take measurements. 2- 32 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 97 The center frequency is set to 1.5 GHz, and span is set to 36 MHz when you and Span power on the analyzer. Change the settings of center frequency and span to display the waveform around 100 MHz. 1. Press the Frequency/Channel key on the front panel. Frequency/Channel key 2- 33 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 98 The unit keys also function as enter keys. When you press any of these keys, the numeric value you enter will be set immediately. Accepts the inputs. Numeric keys Figure 2- 32: Numeric value entry keypad 2- 34 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 99 The next step is to set the span. It is currently set to 36 MHz as the default value. Change the setting to 20 kHz. 3. Press the Span key on the front panel. Span key 2- 35 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 100 The hardware is set with the selected value immediately. The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2- -34. Figure 2- 34: Center frequency of 100 MHz, span of 20 kHz 2- 36 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 101 The Amplitude menu is displayed on the right side of the screen. Notice that the Ref Level item is available for entering amplitude. Ref Level Indicates that the general purpose knob is available (dBm) Numeric value input field 2- 37 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 102 0 dBm or higher, a blue standard line is displayed indicating 0 dBm. 3. Set the Ref Level back to 0 dBm after confirming the amplitude operation. 0 dBm reference line Figure 2- 36: Reference level of 10 dBm 2- 38 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 103 3. Press the Repeat... side key again and select Continuous to return to the continuous mode. When acquisition starts, “READY” is displayed in the status indicator, indicating that the analyzer is ready for trigger. 2- 39 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 104 (see Figure 2- -38). Marker X Position Sets the horizontal position of the Marker readout marker using the general purpose knob or numeric input keypad. Marker 1 Figure 2- 38: Measurement with a single marker 2- 40 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 105 5. Press the Select Marker side key (top) to select 2, making Marker 2 active. You can also select the marker using the Markers: Select key on the front panel. The Markers: Select key and the Select Marker side key have the same function. 2- 41 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 106 Using the marker left or right key, move the marker to the peak that you want to measure. The difference between the two marker positions is shown in the upper left part of the screen (see Figure 2- -40). 2- 42 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 107 This section describes how to use the averaging function, which displays the waveform with reduced noise. The averaged waveform can be displayed with the original waveform. Averaging There are several averaging methods; select RMS (Root-Mean-Square) in this example. 1. Press the Trace/Avg key. Trace/Avg key 2- 43 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 108 (64 in this example) as the weighting factor. Average count Trace 1 Type Selects the type of processing for the selected trace. Figure 2- 41: Averaging a waveform 5. Press the Reset Average side key to restart averaging. 2- 44 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 109 Trace 1 (Yellow): currently acquired waveform. Trace 2 (Green): averaged waveform. Figure 2- 42: Comparison display with averaged waveform 7. Press the Trace 2 Type... side key again and select Off to remove Trace 2. 2- 45 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 110 Figure 2- 43: DPX spectrum display Changing the Trace Type Change the Trace 1 type. 1. Press the Trace/Avg key on the front panel. 2. Press the Select Trace side key to select 1 (Trace 1). 2- 46 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 111 Use the Reset Bitmap side key to restart the display. Figure 2- 44: Persistence display 6. Reset the signal generator to the original setting for the next step. (Amplitude: - -10 dBm, Frequency 100 MHz) 2- 47 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 112 3. If no waveform is displayed, press the Run/Stop key to acquire data. The spectrum and spectrogram are displayed concurrently (see Figure 2- -45). Spectrum Spectrogram Figure 2- 45: Concurrent display of spectrum and spectrogram 2- 48 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 113 View: Define key Modifies display format. b. Press the View Orientation side key to select Tall. Figure 2- 46: Tall display of spectrum and spectrogram c. Press the View Orientation side key to select Wide. 2- 49 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 114 Amplitude is represented in color. Default scale is from Red (0dBm) to Blue (- - 100dBm). Frequency Figure 2- 47: Spectrogram view c. Press the Show Views side key again to return to Multi. 2- 50 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 115 A band power marker, indicating measurement range, is displayed on the spectrum waveform. The measurement result is displayed below the waveform (see Figure 2- -48). Select Channel Power here Band power marker Measurement results Figure 2- 48: Channel power measurement 2- 51 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 116 2. Press the Carrier Frequency side key. The measurement result is displayed at the bottom of the screen (see Figure 2- -50). Carrier frequency measurement result: measured accurately with counter function. Figure 2- 50: Carrier frequency measurement 2- 52 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 117 The measurement procedures for modulation analysis and the time analysis are similar. Select the analog modulation analysis as follows: 1. Press the Demod key on the front panel. 2. Press the Analog Demod side key. 2- 53 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 118 I and Q signals are displayed as the yellow and green traces, respectively, in the main view. H Subview: Displays spectrum as an auxiliary view by default. You can specify the range in the overview to create the spectrum for the subview. 2- 54 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 119 Specifies the time length of the The main view shows the waveform and analysis range. measurement result for the analysis range. Analysis Offset Specifies the start point of the analysis range. Figure 2- 52: Analysis range settings 2- 55 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 120 In this case, Acquisition Length is 256 ms and Spectrum Length 32 ms, so the data is displayed in the overview for 256÷32 = 8 frames (8192 points). The green underline indicating the analysis range gets narrower than the previous setting: one block = 2 frames. 2- 56 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 121 1. Press the Run/Stop key to stop data acquision and observe the waveform. 2. Press the View: Select key to select the main view. The selected view is surrounded with a white frame. View keys Control the scale and format of views 2- 57 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 122 Try several settings by turning the general purpose knob; observe the changes in the display. d. Press the Vertical Scale side key and change the vertical axis scale. Try several settings by turning the knob; observe the changes in the display. 2- 58 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 123 Measurement 1. Press the Measure key on the front panel. 2. Press the Measurement Off side key. The display returns to the spectrum view. However, the analysis mode is still in the Demod mode. 2- 59 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 124 1. Press the On/Standby switch at the lower left of the front panel. Windows XP runs the shutdown process and the power source goes to the standby state, with the orange LED on. 2. Turn off the signal generator. You have now completed the tutorial. 2- 60 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 125 Reference...
  • Page 127 Table 3- 1: Standard menu in the S/A mode Menu item Option Description W-CDMA-UL Option 30 W-CDMA uplink analysis 3GPP-R5-DL Option 30 3GPP Release 5 downlink analysis 3GPP-R5-UL Option 30 3GPP Release 5 uplink analysis 3- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 128 The spectrum waveform and measurement results are displayed. You can display the spectrum and the spectrogram at the same time. Refer to Spectrogram Display on page 3- -21. Spectrum Measurement result Measurement item Figure 3- 2: S/A measurement screen 3- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 129 Flex. Displays the graticule with the horizontal scale (per division) in a 1-2-5 sequence. The horizontal scale is set to 50 kHz/div for a span of 300 kHz in the “Flex” grid style. Figure 3- 3: “Flex” grid style 3- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 130 Set the span by pressing the Span key on the front panel. d. Set the amplitude by pressing the Amplitude key on the front panel. 4. Set the following Measurement Setup controls by pressing the Meas Setup key on the front panel. 3- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 131 Rolloff Ratio. Enters rolloff ratio when Nyquist or Root Nyquist filter is selected. Range: 0.0001 to 1 (default value: 0.5). An example of the channel power measurement is shown in Figure 3- -4. Integration Bandwidth Band power marker Figure 3- 4: Channel power measurement 3- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 132 Lower1 Main Upper1 Upper2 Upper3 Main Chan Bandwidth Adj Chan Bandwidth Adj Chan Bandwidth Chan Spacing Figure 3- 5: ACPR measurement band power markers Figure 3- -6 shows an example of the ACPR measurement. 3- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 133 Measurement Filter Shape... Selects a filter shape from these types: H Rect (Rectangular) H Gaussian H Nyquist H Root Nyquist Rolloff Ratio. Enters rolloff ratio when Nyquist or Root Nyquist filter is selected. Range: 0.0001 to 1 (default value: 0.5). 3- 7 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 134 Figure 3- -8 shows an example of the C/N measurement. Figure 3- 8: Example of C/N measurement OBW Measurement The OBW (Occupied Bandwidth) measures the frequency bandwidth, using the ratio you specify for carrier signal power / power within the span setting. 3- 8 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 135 Cp: Power of carrier region Power Ratio = (Cp/Sp)¢100 Sp: Power of span region Figure 3- 9: OBW measurement band power marker Figure 3- -10 shows an example of the OBW measurement. Figure 3- 10: OBW measurement 3- 9 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 136 Figure 3- -11 shows an example of the carrier frequency measurement. Carrier frequency measurement value Figure 3- 11: Carrier frequency measurement EBW Measurement The frequency bandwidth between the maximum peak of the spectrum and the specified dB value is measured in EBW (Emission Bandwidth). 3- 10 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 137 (see Figure 3- -12). Range: - -100 to - -1 dB (default: - -30 dB). Emission bandwidth Measurement Level Figure 3- 12: EBW measurement band power markers Figure 3- -13 shows an example of the EBW measurement. Figure 3- 13: EBW measurement 3- 11 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 138 Scroll Table. Horizontally scrolls the spurious table displayed in the lower part of the screen. Up to 20 spurious signals are displayed. Ignore Region Standard signal peak Signal Threshold Spurious Threshold Excursion Normal signal Spurious signal Figure 3- 14: Setting up spurious signal measurement 3- 12 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 139 Detected spurious signals are assigned markers, numbered in descending order by amplitude. The frequency difference (deltaF) and the amplitude ratio (Ratio) in relation to the standard signal are shown in the table in the lower part of the screen. 3- 13 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 140 Press this side key to open the limits editor. For more information, refer to Editing the Measurement Limits on page 3- -16. Scroll Table. Vertically scrolls the limit table displayed on the bottom of the screen. 3- 14 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 141 Figure 3- -16 shows an example of the spectrum emission mask measurement. Channel Bandwidth Limit table Edit by Meas Setup > Limits... (refer to page 3- - 16) Figure 3- 16: Spectrum emission mask measurement 3- 15 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 142 5. When you press the Rescale Graph side key, the graph is rescaled to match the set limits. To restore the scale, press the Return To Original Scale side key. Zone A Zone A Figure 3- 17: Measurement limits editor 3- 16 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 143 CSV file (*.csv) by pressing Save > Save SEM Limits, and loaded from the file by pressing Load > Load SEM Limits. Refer to File Operations on page 3- -251 and Limit Mask File Format on page 3- -279 for details. 3- 17 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 144 Trace 1 defaults to Bitmap. H Bitmap. Displays the density of acquired data. The number of data points acquired at each pixel is indicated by color. Pressing the Reset Bitmap side key restarts the process. 3- 18 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 145 .trc for other than bitmap using the Save Trace 1/2 and Load Trace 1/2 side keys in the Trace/Avg menu. Refer to File Operations on page 3- -251 for the details. Figure 3- 19: DPX spectrum display 3- 19 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 146 5. Press the Intensity side key to control the visibility of events. An increased intensity level allows a single, short event to be seen. This also allows the effect of variable persistence to be seen on infrequent events. Range: 1 to 100% (default: 25%). 3- 20 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 147 2. Press the S/A with Spectrogram side key. The spectrum and spectrogram are displayed on the same screen as shown in Figure 3- -21. Spectrum Spectrogram Figure 3- 21: Spectrum and spectrogram concurrent display 3- 21 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 148 4. Press the Show Views side key and select Single as shown in Figure 3- -23. Single display Displays the selected view on one screen. Figure 3- 23: Single display Refer to Setting Views on page 3- -203 for details. 3- 22 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 149 The block size specified with the Acquisition/Analysis menu (one frame = 1024 points fixed) Time Real-time mode Frame - - N Frame - - 2 Frame - - 1 Frame 0 Figure 3- 24: Difference between normal and real-time modes 3- 23 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 150 Table 3- 5: Span setting range in the real-time mode Measurement band Setting range Baseband (DC to 40 MHz) 100 Hz to 40 MHz (1-2-5 sequence) RF (40 MHz to 8 GHz) 100 Hz to 20 MHz (1-2-5 sequence) and 36 MHz 3- 24 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 151 One frame acquisition length is determined by span internally, and shown with Spectrum Length in the setup display area (see Figure 3- -25). For the details, refer to Specifications in the RSA3408B Technical Reference. Waveform data is acquired and displayed on the basis of blocks. For details about the time parameters, refer to page 3- -157.
  • Page 152 The frames used for averaging are surrounded by a green box on the spectrogram (see Figure 3- -26). The frames used for averaging are surrounded by a green box. Figure 3- 26: Spectrogram display in averaging 3- 26 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 153 Frequency Center. Sets the frequency of the center of zoomed area. Frequency Width. Sets the frequency width of the zoomed area. Refer to Setting Acquisition and Analysis Parameters on page 3- -157. 3- 27 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 154 6. Move the marker to the lower right point of the zoomed area using the Marker X Position and Marker X Vertical side keys. [Mouse] Move the mouse pointer to the lower right point of the zoomed area and left-click to put the marker on it. 3- 28 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 155 So, a large zoom ratio may cause the skirt shape of the spectrum to differ from that of the spectrum without zoom. However, it does not affect carrier power measurement results. 3- 29 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 156 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) 3- 30 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 157 H Standard... Performs modulation analysis according to a communication standard. For details, refer to the user manual included in each option as shown in Table 3- -6. For RFID analysis, refer to page 3- -77. 3- 31 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 158 1xEV-DO reverse link analysis IEEE802.11a/b/g Option 29 WLAN 802.11a/b/g analysis 802.11n (nx1) Option 29 WLAN 802.11n (nx1) analysis 802.11n MIMO (2x2) Option 29 WLAN 802.11n MIMO (2x2) analysis RFID Option 21 RFID analysis 3- 32 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 159 Timing indicator “T” indicates a trigger point. The main view displays the measurement result and waveform for the range indicated by the green horizontal line. Main view Figure 3- 31: Demod mode screen 3- 33 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 160 5. Specify the start point of the analysis range by pressing the Analysis Offset side key. Analysis Offset Acquisition History Analysis Length Overview Acquisition Length Figure 3- 32: Analysis range setting in the overview 3- 34 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 161 4. Press the Marker ➡ key on the front panel and then press the Analysis Time = Marker Time side key. The green line resizes to the specified range. Markers Select Peak Marker Marker Marker ➡ key Marker Setup key Setup Figure 3- 33: Marker keys 3- 35 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 162 Analysis Time = Marker Time side key. The green line resizes to the specified range. Overview Reference Cursor Marker The analysis range specified with the marker and the reference cursor Figure 3- 34: Specifying the range with the marker and the reference cursor 3- 36 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 163 2. Set the end point: Left-click to put the marker. 3. Set the analysis range: Press Marker➡ > Analysis Time = Marker Time Figure 3- 35: Specifying the analysis range using the mouse 3- 37 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 164 1. Press the View: Define key on the front panel. 2. Press the Overview Content... side key and select the overview: H Waveform (Amplitude versus Time, default display) H Spectrogram The overview displays all data in one acquisition block. 3- 38 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 165 The subview content depends on measurement. Refer to each measurement description. Overview: Spectrogram Subview: Eye diagram View: Define menu Overview Content... Selects an overview display. Subview Content... Selects a subview display. Figure 3- 37: Changing the overview and subview 3- 39 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 166 3. Press the Show Views side key to select Single. Figure 3- -38 shows the one view display. Single The selected view is surrounded by a white box. One-view display Figure 3- 38: One-view display 3- 40 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 167 Refer to page 3- -34 for information about setting the analysis range. 6. Set the measurement parameters by pressing the Meas Setup key on the front panel. For the Meas Setup menu, refer to the following sections. 3- 41 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 168 The following pages show examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -203 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -38 for information about changing the overview and subview. 3- 42 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 169 Measurement results From the top: G Positive peak AM value G Negative peak AM value G Total AM value = (peak-peak AM value) / 2 Modulation factor variation Figure 3- 39: AM demod measurement 3- 43 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 170 From the top: G Peak-to-peak frequency deviation G (Peak-to-peak frequency deviation) / 2 G Positive peak frequency deviation G Negative peak frequency deviation G RMS frequency deviation Frequency deviation variation Figure 3- 40: FM demod measurement 3- 44 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 171 Threshold. Sets the threshold level above which the input signal is determined to be a burst in time domain. The burst detected first is used for the measure- ment. Range: - -100.0 to 0.0 dBfs (default: - -35 dBfs). 3- 45 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 172 The IQ level measurement has no Meas Setup menu items. Main view: I/Q voltage versus Time (I and Q are indicated in yellow and green, respectively) Figure 3- 42: IQ versus time measurement (main view) 3- 46 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 173 The pulse spectrum measurement has no Meas Setup menu items. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Pulse spectrum (FFT for the analysis range specified in the overview) Figure 3- 43: Pulse spectrum measurement 3- 47 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 174 H AM/AM page 3- -61 H AM/PM page 3- -63 H CCDF page 3- -64 H PDF page 3- -65 H FSK Deviations page 3- -66 Refer to Appendix B for digital demodulation symbol mapping. 3- 48 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 175 IQ/Frequency versus Time Power versus Time Symbol Table Eye Diagram AM/AM, AM/PM CCDF, PDF FSK Deviations Includes BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, D8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM. Includes GFSK, FSK, 4FSK, 8FSK, and 16FSK. 3- 49 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 176 When you select User Filter, load the file using the Load User Filter Measure- ment and Reference side keys before taking measurements. Filter Parameter. Enters an α/BT value for the Measurement Filter and Reference Filter. Range: 0.0001 to 1 3- 50 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 177 Frequency Deviation side key. H Off. Sets the frequency deviation using the Frequency Deviation side key. Frequency Deviation. Sets the frequency deviation when Auto Frequency Deviation is Off. Range: 0 to Span/2 Hz. 3- 51 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 178 “Freq Error” on the screen. H Off. Sets the carrier frequency using Frequency Error. Frequency Offset. Sets the carrier frequency when Auto Carrier is Off. Enter the frequency offset from the center frequency. 3- 52 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 179 NOTE. When Q Data Half Symbol Shift is set to 0 (zero), the magnitude and phase errors cannot be calculated, displaying “- -- -- -- -” for the Mag Error and Phase Error in the constellation and EVM measurement readout. 3- 53 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 180 Symbol table, and Eye diagram are created based on measurement data, and those of the EVM, AM/AM, AM/PM, CCDF, PDF, and FSK deviations based on the comparison of the measurement data and the reference data. 3- 54 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 181 The following pages show examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -203 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -38 for information about changing the overview and subview. 3- 55 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 182 P25 C4FM modulation only Modulation fidelity measurement results from the top: G RMS error magnitude (normalized by the deviation) G Carrier frequency offset G Frequency deviation G Symbol length Figure 3- 45: Constellation analysis 3- 56 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 183 G Origin offset NOTE. “Origin offset” is also called “IQ feedthrough”. Figure 3- 46: EVM measurement You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing System > Instrument Setup... > Angular Units. 3- 57 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 184 G RMS error magnitude (normalized by the deviation) G Carrier frequency offset The red dots indicate the symbol points. G Frequency deviation G Symbol length Figure 3- 47: IQ/Frequency versus time measurement 3- 58 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 185 For the Meas Setup menu, refer to page 3- -49. For setting views, refer to page 3- -203. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Power versus Time Figure 3- 48: Power variance measurement 3- 59 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 186 For setting views, refer to page 3- -203. Figure 3- 50: Eye diagram analysis (main view) You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing System > Instrument Setup... > Angular Units. 3- 60 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 187 The polynomial is expressed as follows (n: Max 15): f (x) = a + ... + a The values of are shown in the main view (see Figure 3- -52 on page 3- -62). 3- 61 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 188 (Refer to Maximum Coefficient on page 3- - 61) coefficient coefficient Red points: Measurement points Yellow lines: Measurement lines Blue line: Reference line Pink line: Best-fit line Oblique lines: Linear signal region Figure 3- 52: AM/AM measurement 3- 62 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 189 AM/PM distortion graph (Refer to Maximum Coefficient on page 3- - 61) coefficient coefficient Red points: Measurement points Yellow lines: Measurement lines Blue line: Reference line Pink line: Best-fit line Figure 3- 53: AM/PM measurement 3- 63 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 190 NOTE. The reference line is displayed in the Yellow line: Measurement line CCDF graph when the subview content is Green line: Recovered reference line AM/AM or AM/PM. Blue line: Gaussian line Figure 3- 54: CCDF measurement 3- 64 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 191 NOTE. The reference line is displayed in Yellow line: Measurement line the PDF graph when the subview content Green line: Recovered reference line is AM/AM or AM/PM. Blue center line: Average power Figure 3- 55: PDF measurement 3- 65 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 192 Max and Avg are the same value. The measurement table on the bottom of the screen indicates the maximum, minimum, and average frequency deviations in the analysis range for each symbol value. 3- 66 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 193 Signal/Noise & Distortion side key to perform the S/N measurement. 3. Press the Meas Setup key and then press the Demod Type side key to select the input signal type: Baseband (for a non-modulated signal), AM, or FM. 3- 67 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 194 (see Figure 3- -57). The frames used for averaging or high resolution FFT are surrounded by a green box. Figure 3- 57: Spectrogram display in the average or high resolution mode 3- 68 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 195 Audio HPF. Selects the audio high-pass filter to apply to the acquired audio sig- nal before the measurements are performed. Table 3- 11: Audio HPF Menu item Filter type Order None (default) No filter 50 Hz 300 Hz Butterworth 400 Hz 3- 69 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 196 (“Spurious Threshold” in the Spurious measurement) Excursion NOTE. The harmonics are determined by a multiple of the fundamental wave frequency regardless those three settings. The Ignore Region setting affects only the TNHD (Total Non-Harmonic Distortion) calculation result. 3- 70 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 197 H Red (non-harmonic tag). These are numbered in descending order of amplitude. The measurement results are displayed at the bottom of the screen. Refer to Table 3- -13 for definitions of the items in the measurement results. 3- 71 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 198 Absolute amplitude (dBm) RMS modulation depth Maximum modulation depth Minimum modulation depth RMS frequency deviation +Peak +Peak frequency deviation - - Peak - - Peak frequency deviation Pk-Pk Peak-peak frequency deviation Pk-Pk/2 Half peak-peak frequency deviation 3- 72 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 199 The harmon- ic level calculation uses the total level of 9 bins including 4 bins on both sides (see Figure 3- -60). (For information about bin, refer to Trace Compression on page 3- -200.) 3- 73 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 200 7 or 8 bins. To expand the waveform horizontally, press Scale/Lines > View Scale... > Horizontal Scale to set a smaller value. Figure 3- 61: Interval limit between harmonics 3- 74 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 201 G (Hum and Noise) G Current value = (Current value)/(Reference value) [dB] G Reference value Refer to Table 3- - 14 for the definition. Figure 3- 62: Hum and Noise Ratio measurement result (bottom of the screen) 3- 75 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 202 Definition Baseband (Hum and Noise) = (Current RMS power)/(Reference RMS power) (Hum and Noise) = (Current RMS modulation depth)/(Reference maximum modulation depth) (Hum and Noise) = (Current RMS frequency deviation)/(Reference RMS frequency deviation) 3- 76 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 203 Auto-ID Center TECHNICAL REPORT 860MHz- - 930MHz Class 1 (EPCglobal Gen1 Class1) Radio Frequency Identification Tag Radio Frequency & Logical Communication Interface Specification Candidate Recommenda- tion, Version 1.0.1 This instrument does not support ISO/IEC 18000-4 Mode-2. 3- 77 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 204 G Constellation Power G Eye diagram G Symbol table Power on Power down Tag-to-Interrogator signaling (response) Interrogator-to-Tag signaling (command) G Carrier G Spurious Time G ACPR Figure 3- 63: RFID waveform and measurement items 3- 78 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 205 H Press the View: Define key. H Press the Overview Content... side key and select Zoom. Refer to Zoom Function on page 3- -27 for setting the analysis area on the spectrogram with the zoom function. 3- 79 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 206 Range: - -100 to 100 dB (default: 0 dB). Channel Bandwidth. Sets the channel bandwidth for the maximum EIRP measurement. Range: 0 to Span (default: 0 Hz). Figure 3- -64 shows an example of the carrier measurement. 3- 80 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 207 H Zoom (Spectrogram with the zoom function) Selects Waveform or Zoom while selecting the analysis range. Refer to Zoom Function on page 3- -27 for setting the analysis area on the spectrogram with the zoom function. 3- 81 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 208 S/A mode (refer to page 3- -12). Video filter indicator displayed when On. The spurious detection range is displayed in blue. Spurious marker Measurement table (Up to 20 spurious signals displayed) Figure 3- 65: Spurious measurement 3- 82 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 209 VBW. Sets the frequency bandwidth of the video filter. Range: 1 Hz to 1 GHz. The setting value may be limited by the sweep time setting. Sweep Time for VBW. Sets the sweep time to scan a set span. Range: 1 μs to 100 s. 3- 83 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 210 Main Adjacent channel channel selected with Scroll Table Measurement table. The channel selected by the Scroll Table side key is indicated by the red band-power cursor with the waveform. Figure 3- 66: ACPR measurements 3- 84 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 211 27.7 kbps 14443-2-A Interrogator to Tag Modified Miller / NRZ 105.9375 kbps Tag to Interrogator Subcarrier OOK Manchester / NRZ 105.9375 kbps Subcarrier BPSK NRZ-L (4 periods) 211.875 kbps NRZ-L (2 periods) 423.75 kbps 3- 85 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 212 ISO/IEC 18000-6 Part A specification (an abbreviation for Type A Reference Interval). The period of the NRZ-L decoding format (2, 4, and 8 periods) indicate the number of subcarrier cycles per symbol. NOTE. This instrument does not support one-period NRZ-L. 3- 86 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 213 On to perform the measurements, select On for Auto Bit Rate or Auto Tari and then press the Analyze side key in each measurement. Auto Bit Rate, Auto Tari, Bit Rate, and Tari are invalid for the 15693-2 standard. 3- 87 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 214 Power Settling Error Width Overshoot 100% Undershoot Higher Threshold Lower Threshold Off level (Average level below the lower threshold) Settling time Time Rise time Fall time Figure 3- 68: Transmission power on/down measurement parameters 3- 88 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 215 The preamble is displayed in yellow in the symbol table. H Off. Analyzes data without searching for the preamble. Side Band. Selects the sideband to analyze. H Upper. Default. Analyzes the upper sideband. H Lower. Analyzes the lower sideband. 3- 89 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 216 Bit Rate side key. In the constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table measurements, the calculated bit rate or Tari is also displayed in the main view (see Figure 3- -72 on page 3- -96). 3- 90 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 217 Changing the View. The contents of the view can be changed in the following item by pressing the View: Define key. The following items are the same as the RF carrier measurement. Refer to page 3- -80: Show Views Overview Content... Subview Content... 3- 91 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 218 The vertical axis changes from amplitude in the RF Envelope measurement to frequency in the FSK Pulse. Meas Setup Menu. The Meas Setup menu of the RF envelope / FSK pulse measurement is the same as the power on/down measurement. Refer to page 3- -85. 3- 92 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 219 Pulse characteristic values defined in the 14443-2-A, 18092(424k), and 15693-2 standards For the definitions of T1, T2, T3, and T4, refer to the ISO/IEC 18092, 14443-2, and 15693-2 standard specifications shown in Table 3- 15 on page 3- 77. 3- 93 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 220 ** The vertical axis represents frequency shift in the FSK pulse measurement. Figure 3- 71: RF envelope / FSK pulse measurement parameters You can save the measurement table to a file (*.csv) by Save > Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -251. 3- 94 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 221 Display Area. Valid for the constellation and the eye diagram views. Sets the percentage of display area (sample points) from the beginning in the selected burst. Range: 0.1 to 100% (default: 100%). 100% represents the whole burst. 3- 95 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 222 Figure 3- -72). Constellation Measurement results (refer to Table 3- - 19) Eye diagram Display Area setting (refer to page 3- - 95) Symbol table Figure 3- 72: Constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table (main view) 3- 96 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 223 G Calculated Tari data-0 (duration of a data-0) G Calculated Tari data-1 (duration of a data-1) Set in the Meas Setup menu. For other than PIE decoding. For Subcarrier BPSK only. For PIE decoding only. 3- 97 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 224 Changing the View. The view controls for the constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table are the same as the RF envelope measurement except for the Scroll Table side key. Refer to page 3- -95. 3- 98 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 225 The measurement screen layout in the time analysis (Time mode) is the same as in the modulation analysis (Demod mode). Refer to Measurement Screen Layout on page 3- -33 for the view functions, setting an analysis range, and changing the view content. 3- 99 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 226 The following pages show the examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -203 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -38 for information about changing the overview. 3- 100 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 227 I/Q voltage versus time. I and Q are indicated in yellow and green, respectively. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: I/Q voltage vs. Time (I and Q waveform are displayed in yellow and green, respectively) Figure 3- 75: IQ versus Time measurement 3- 101 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 228 Observes signal power change over time. Figure 3- -76 shows an example. The Measurement main view displays power level versus time. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Power versus Time Figure 3- 76: Power variance measurement 3- 102 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 229 Observes signal frequency change over time. Figure 3- -77 shows an example. Measurement The main view displays the frequency deviation from the center frequency versus time. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Frequency deviation versus Time Figure 3- 77: Frequency measurement 3- 103 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 230 1. Measure the amplitude of the input signal over time. 2. Determine the amplitude distribution. 3. Obtain CCDF using the above formula. Amplitude CCDF Max. Crest factor Average Time Amplitude Amplitude (Average) Average Max. Figure 3- 78: CCDF calculation process 3- 104 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 231 5. Set the measurement parameters described just below by pressing the Meas Setup key on the front panel. Single Acquisition. In single acquisition mode, you can set the total number of accumulated data points with Trace/Avg > Maximum Points, ranging from 2048 to 10 3- 105 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 232 CCDF Scale. Sets the full-scale of the horizontal axis of CCDF graph display when CCDF Auto Scaling is Off. Range: 1 to 100 dB. Threshold. Sets the threshold which defines the samples to be included in the CCDF calculation. Range: - -250 to 130 dBm. 3- 106 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 233 Gaussian line (blue) Reference line (red) Vertical line at the crest factor Measurement results CCDF values in G Peak amplitude the CCDF curve G Average amplitude G Crest factor Figure 3- 79: CCDF single view 3- 107 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 234 Figure 3- -80 shows an example of the CCDF multi-view. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Maximum value (red line) Average (blue line) Peak amplitude Average amplitude Crest factor CCDF measurement results Main view: CCDF Figure 3- 80: CCDF multi-view 3- 108 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 235 S/A (Spectrum Analysis) mode. Channel Power page 3- -5 page 3- -8 page 3- -10 The frequency deviation measurement is based on the Frequency versus Time measurement in the Transient mode. Refer to page 3- -103. 3- 109 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 236 You can set it by using Detection Threshold in the Meas Setup menu (refer to page 3- -116). Pulse-on The maximum peak Threshold Pulse-off Figure 3- 82: Definition of pulse-on/off 3- 110 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 237 By default, only the pulse-width measurement result is displayed on screen. 7. Press the Meas Setup key on the front panel to set the measurement parameters. Refer to page 3- -116 for the Meas Setup menu. 3- 111 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 238 260,000. In this case, change the span. H Message: Too long repetition interval. Indicates that the number of data samples of a pulse repetition interval exceeds about 260,000. In this case, change the span. 3- 112 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 239 View Results For... described below. 0 (zero) represents the most current pulse while larger negative numbers represent subsequent pulses. NOTE. The main view shows the measurement results for up to 1000 pulses (the pulse number of - -999 to 0). 3- 113 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 240 H Adaptive. Default. Adjusts the horizontal scale for each pulse to fit the pulse width to the subview. H Max. Adjusts the horizontal scale to fit the maximum pulse width in the analysis range to the subview. 3- 114 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 241 Select the displayed items with Displayed Measurement... Figure 3- 84: Setting the View Define menu You can save the measurement table to a file (*.csv) by Save > Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -251. 3- 115 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 242 Filter Bandwidth. Sets the bandwidth for the Gaussian measurement filter. Range: Span/10 to full span (default: 3.6 MHz) Filter Parameter. Sets the α/BT value for the Gaussian measurement filter. Range: 0.0001 to 1.0 (default: 0.35) 3- 116 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 243 (bold lines in Figure 3- -85 on page 3- -118) indicating the measurement points. Also, the pulse detection threshold (Meas Setup > Detection Threshold) is shown with the green arrow. These guidelines can be turned on or off by View: Define > Guidelines. 3- 117 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 244 The green arrow indicates the pulse detection threshold (Meas Setup > Detection Threshold) Pulse ripple Repetition interval On/Off ratio Pulse-pulse phase Channel power Duty cycle Frequency deviation Figure 3- 85: Waveform display in the subview 3- 118 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 245 H Random jitter H Periodic jitter Spurious Spurious Real-Time Spurious Frequency versus Time Frequency settling time For the “Real-Time” concept, refer to: Real-Time Analysis page 1- -3 Features of the Real-Time Mode page 3- -23 3- 119 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 246 1. Press the System key on the front panel. 2. Press the Instrument Setup... side key. 3. Press the Angular Units side key to select degrees or radians. 3- 120 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 247 NOTE. The integrated phase noise and random jitter will be calculated if the frequency range from Rj Start Offset Frequency to Rj Stop Offset Frequency is within the range from Minimum Offset Frequency to Maximum Offset Frequency. 3- 121 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 248 Random jitter measurement range Lower view Offset frequency Current trace Averaged trace Periodic jitter (displayed in green) by the Median filter (displayed in yellow) Max Pj Threshold Figure 3- 86: Phase noise measurement parameters 3- 122 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 249 H Reference. When loaded as Trace 2, displays the waveform as the reference, which has been saved using Save Trace 1. H Off. Displays no waveform. 3- 123 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 250 1 kHz to 10 kHz 1.953 Hz 10 kHz to 100 kHz 15.625 Hz 100 kHz to 1 MHz 156.25 Hz 1 MHz to 10 MHz 1.5625 kHz 10 MHz to 100 MHz 12.5 kHz 3- 124 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 251 H On. Default. Carrier tracking is executed. The measurement is conducted with the carrier frequency always positioned centrally. H Off. Carrier tracking is not executed. The measurement is conducted with the central frequency that was set using Frequency/Channel > Center Freq. 3- 125 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 252 You can save the table to a file (*.csv) by Save > Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -251. Spurious detection range is displayed in blue. Spurious marker Measurement table (Up to 20 spurious signals displayed) Figure 3- 88: Spurious measurement 3- 126 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 253 C/N Settling Threshold. Enabled when C/N versus Time is displayed in the subview. Sets the threshold value for obtaining the phase noise settling time. Setting range: - -200 to 0 dBc/Hz (default: 0 dBc/Hz). 3- 127 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 254 Frequency in Hz, Vertical axis: Time in frame number) selected in View: Define > Subview Content... The main view is the same as in the phase noise measure- ment (see Figure 3- -87 on page 3- -123), except that this main view is real time. 3- 128 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 255 H Random Jitter vs Time See Figure 3- -91. The random jitter settling time is also indicated. H Integrated Phase Noise vs Time H C/N vs Time See Figure 3- -91. The C/N settling time is also indicated. 3- 129 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 256 In this case, lower Carrier Threshold Level in the Meas Setup menu. H Message: Out of Span. In this case, decrease Carrier Bandwidth in the Meas Setup menu, or match the carrier frequency with the center frequency. 3- 130 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 257 Figure 3- -92 shows an example of the real-time spurious measurement. The main view is the same as the spurious measurement (refer to page 3- -125), except that this main view is real time. 3- 131 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 258 This is like a spectrogram except that the color axis represents C/N in dBc/Hz. H C/N vs Offset Freq This is the same as the main view in the real-time phase noise measurement (see Figure 3- -90 on page 3- -129). 3- 132 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 259 Frequency settling time Frequency Freq Settling Mean value Mean value Freq Settling Threshold on the bottom on the top Threshold Settling time from trigger Trigger Time Figure 3- 93: Frequency versus Time measurement parameters 3- 133 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 260 Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Frequency vs. Time Measurement result: Frequency settling time Figure 3- 94: Frequency versus Time measurement 3- 134 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 261 This section describes frequency and span, which are fundamental settings for observing the spectrum. These items are set using the general purpose knob and the numeric input keypad. You can also use the marker peak search function to set frequency. 3- 135 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 262 Channel Table... menu item. Channel Table... Selects a communication standard to load the channel table. Select a channel number with the Channel menu item. For using the channel tables, refer to page 3- -138. 3- 136 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 263 Start Freq. Same as Start Freq on page 3- -136. Stop Freq. Same as Stop Freq on page 3- -136. Span Start Freq Center Freq Stop Freq Figure 3- 96: Setting frequency and span 3- 137 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 264 * FL: Forward link; RL: Reverse link; UL: Uplink; DL: Downlink 3. Press the Channel side key and select a channel number. For example, when selecting channel 10551 in the W-CDMA downlink table, the center frequency is automatically set to 2.1102 GHz. 3- 138 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 265 Refer to Setting the Analysis Range on page 3- -34 for details. In the overview of spectrogram or the subview of spectrum, you can use the Center Freq = Marker Freq side key as in the S/A mode. 3- 139 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 266 When you enter an out-of-range value, the value is limited based on these conditions. In spectrum analyzer mode, the out-of-range values are allowed, but part of the trace may not be displayed because the analyzer cannot acquire that part of the waveform (see Figure 3- -98). 3- 140 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 267 Center frequency A part of the trace is not displayed in these two settings: Not displayed Set span Center frequency Not displayed Set span Figure 3- 98: Relationship between the frequency and span settings 3- 141 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 268 Physical frame (Scan data) Logical frame (Display data) Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 0 Frame N Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 1 Frame N Figure 3- 99: Vector mode and scalar mode 3- 142 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 269 Real Time S/A with Zoom, Demod and Time modes Ref Level Auto Level RF Atten/Mixer Auto / RfAtt / Mixer RF Att (RF Atten/Mixer = Rf Att) Mixer Level (RF Atten/Mixer = Mixer) Corrections... Amplitude Offset Figure 3- 100: Amplitude menu structure 3- 143 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 270 Auto Level will force the analyzer to acquire new data, which will overwrite the existing data. To scale the existing displayed waveform, do not use Auto Level. Instead, use the View: Scale menu. Ref Level Vertical Scale Figure 3- 101: Setting the amplitude 3- 144 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 271 Use the default value in most cases. This level can be increased up to 0 dBm when a high dynamic range is required for measurements such as the ACPR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio) measurement. NOTE. As the mixer level increases, the distortion also increases. 3- 145 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 272 Use the Vertical Units side key to select the unit. 6. To apply amplitude correction, press the Corrections... side key to set the parameters. Refer to Amplitude Correction on page 3- -148 for details. 3- 146 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 273 “Overrange - - increase RefLev or Atten” may be displayed for a moment and then turned off immediately. When a single high-level signal is applied under a setting using one physical frame in one scan, the same phenome- non may be observed. 3- 147 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 274 Corrected display Amplitude +20 dB - -60dBm correction Input signal - - 20 dB - - 80 dBm - -80dBm Preamplifier 1 GHz 1 GHz 1 GHz Figure 3- 103: The amplitude correction concept 3- 148 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 275 H Ampl Interpolation. Selects the vertical scale for interpolating correction data: Linear or dB. Load Table. Reads an amplitude correction table from a file. Save Table. Writes a created correction table to a file. 3- 149 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 276 = (Input waveform) - - (Correction value) Correction Display range 10 dB value Linear 5 dB interpolation 0 dB Frequency 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz Correction range Figure 3- 104: Amplitude correction example 3- 150 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 277 H Do not use a space in a numeric value; however, you can space before and after “=”. Correct: 10M = 10 (A space is inserted before and after “=”.) Incorrect: 10 M=10 (A space is inserted between “10” and “M”.) 3- 151 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 278 Repeat step c to enter the frequency and amplitude correction values for all points. e. Press the Done Editing Table side key. The input is accepted and a new row is added. 3- 152 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 279 H To modify an amplitude, use the Amplitude side key. H To delete a row, press the Delete Point side key. H To delete all data in the table, press the Clear Table side key. 7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 as needed. 3- 153 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 280 Press the Corrections... side key. c. Press the Save Table side key to specify the save file. Refer to page 3- -251 for file handling. For information about performing amplitude correction, refer to page 3- -156. 3- 154 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 281 AMPLITUDE > Corrections... > Frequency Offset menu item. Correction range specified Correction range after the in the correction table frequency offset Frequency 1 GHz 2 GHz Frequency offset (1 GHz in this example) Figure 3- 107: Frequency offset 3- 155 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 282 The analyzer automatically saves the correction data in use when it is powered down. The data will be erased when you press these keys: H Amplitude > Corrections... > Edit Table... > Clear Table H Preset 3- 156 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 283 Amplitude Analysis Length Analysis Offset Frequency Center Frequency Width Demod and Time modes Acquisition Length Acquisition History Spectrum Length Spectrum Offset Analysis Length Analysis Offset Output Trigger Indicator Figure 3- 109: Acquisition/Analysis menu structure 3- 157 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 284 M is the number of frames in a block. One frame acquisition length is determined by span internally. For details, refer to Specifications in the RSA3408B Technical Reference. Acquisition History. Specifies the number of the block to display and analyze.
  • Page 285 Acquisition Length. Same as in the Demod and Time modes. Spectrum Offset. Specifies the number of the frame in the spectrogram to display the spectrum. The latest frame is number zero. Older frames have larger negative numbers. 3- 159 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 286 Frequency Center. Sets the frequency of the center of analysis area. Frequency Width. Sets the frequency width of the analysis area. Trigger output point Frequency Analysis Offset Time Analysis area Analysis Length Frequency Width Frequency Center Figure 3- 111: Parameters in the zoom mode 3- 160 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 287 When the span is set greater than 36 MHz, one display frame is reproduced from multiple acquired frames and the frame cycle becomes meaningless. Refer to Vector Span on page 3- -142 for details. 3- 161 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 288 Setting Acquisition and Analysis Parameters 3- 162 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 289 Option 02. Refer to page 3- -171 for creating a trigger mask. A “T” mark (with “O” optionally) indicating a trigger point is displayed on the overview in the Demod and Time modes. Refer to page 3- -177 for information about displaying the trigger point. 3- 163 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 290 Insert New Point Set All Points to Maximum Set All Points to Minimum Reset Mask to Default In / Out / In and Out / Out and In Figure 3- 114: Trigger menu structure 3- 164 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 291 Press this key again to stop acquisition. Single Press Run/Stop to acquire one waveform. Triggered Continuous Press Run/Stop to acquire data every trigger event. Single Press Run/Stop to acquire one waveform every trigger event. 3- 165 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 292 H External. Uses the external signal input from the TRIG IN connector on the rear panel as the trigger source. You can set the trigger level, slope, and position. For specifications of the external trigger, refer to the RSA3408B Technical Reference.
  • Page 293 Define Mask... Option 02 only. Creates a trigger mask when the trigger mode is set to Triggered and the source is set to Freq Mask. The trigger mask is created in the spectrum view. Refer to page 3- -171 for details on creating a trigger mask. 3- 167 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 294 In and Out alternate at each block acquisition. Use the acquisition history control to view alternate In/Out blocks. Trigger level Trigger occurs Rise Fall Figure 3- 117: Trigger level and slope 3- 168 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 295 Trigger Triggered / Single Data acquisition Display Data acquisition Display … Time Press the Trigger Press the Trigger Run/Stop key Run/Stop key Figure 3- 118: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and Repeat modes 3- 169 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 296 For deleting a file, refer to page 3- -264. Save Count Limit. Sets a limit on the number of times that data is saved. This setting is enabled when the above-mentioned Save Count is On. Setting range: 1 to 16383 (default: 100) 3- 170 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 297 (subview in the Demod and Time modes). The trigger occurs when the input signal exits or enters the area. Real Time S/A mode Trigger mask Demod and Time modes (upper screen) Trigger mask Figure 3- 119: Trigger mask 3- 171 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 298 Reset Mask to Default. Displays the default mask. See Figure 3- -120. Set All Points to Maximum Set All Points to Minimum 60 dB Reset Mask to Default 60 dB Figure 3- 120: Filling operation for creating a mask 3- 172 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 299 Press the Show Views side key and select Single. 4. Press the Trig key on the front panel. 5. Press the Define Mask... side key. The default setting is for the whole area to fill with blue on the graticule. 3- 173 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 300 Press the Set Selected Point X side key and set the horizontal position of Point A to two divisions from the left edge (see Figure 3- -123). Figure 3- 123: Changing the position of Point A 3- 174 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 301 Press the Set Selected Point Y side key and set the vertical position of Point C to four divisions from the top edge (see Figure 3- -125). Point C Figure 3- 125: Adding Point C The trigger mask is stored in the internal memory. 3- 175 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 302 S/A: Real Time S/A, Demod: Analog Demod, Digital Demod, Time: Transient, and CCDF. When you press the Preset key on the front panel, the instrument settings are reset to the default only for the currently active mode. 3- 176 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 303 To connect the trigger output to other instruments, use the TRIG OUT connector on the rear panel (see Rear Panel on page 2- -4). The output specification is: H level >2.0 V, L level <0.4V, and output current <1 mA. 3- 177 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 304 By synchronizing two or more analyzers, you can acquire multiple signals in different span keeping the time correlation. Figure 3- -127 shows an example of two RSA3408B analyzers performing IMT2000 signal analysis. One analyzer is used as a master to acquire an uplink (or forward link) signal and the other is used as a slave to acquire a downlink (or reverse link) signal.
  • Page 305 S FFT start point S Roll-off ratio * FFT points is normally set automatically with the RBW setting. RBW is normally set automatically with the span setting. Figure 3- 128: FFT and RBW process 3- 179 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 306 Extended Res. Off / On DPX Spectrum Auto / Man RBW Value Real Time S/A FFT Start Point FFT Overlap FFT Window... (refer to page 3- - 185) Figure 3- 129: RBW/FFT menu structure 3- 180 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 307 NOTE. It is recommended to keep Extended Res. Off as its default condition. In the spectrum emission mask measurement, the menu items of RBW Filter Shape... and Rolloff Ratio are available. The RBW is set for each zone. Refer to page 3- -14 for details. 3- 181 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 308 H Manual. Sets RBW manually using the RBW Value side key. RBW Value. Sets the RBW when you select Manual in the RBW side key. Range: 1 to 10% of the span setting, rounded to the nearest settable value. 3- 182 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 309 For the window type, refer to Table 3- -31 on page 3- -187. The default is Blackman-Harris 4B. Time-domain data Time Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 S S S Start Point Overlap 1024 points Figure 3- 131: FFT overlap 3- 183 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 310 Normal noise floor Increasing the number of FFT points causes the noise floor to go down and occasionally display spurious signals. Spurious signal Figure 3- 132: Generating spurious signals by increasing the number of FFT points 3- 184 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 311 Hanning. different. Blackman-Harris H Suitable for amplitude measurement but not H Signal that has one-frequency ruling when a high suitable for frequency measurement. order harmonic is detected. 3- 185 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 312 For ordinal measurements, select the window capable of separating the desired frequency component. Such a window maximizes the accuracy of measuring amplitude levels and minimizes leakage error while separating each frequency component. 3- 186 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 313 --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 --- 120 Blackman-Harris 0 dB 4 sample B type --- 20 (Default) --- 40 1.898 - - 92 dB 2.004353 --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 --- 120 3- 187 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 314 0 dB --- 20 1.15 - - 21 dB 1.197677 --- 40 --- 60 --- 80 Sine Lobe 0 dB --- 20 1.186 - - 23 dB 1.233702 --- 40 --- 60 --- 80 3- 188 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 315 Flat Top 0 dB --- 20 --- 40 3.182 - - 51 dB 3.196927 --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 Rectangular 0 dB --- 20 0.886 - - 13 dB --- 40 --- 60 3- 189 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 316 FFT and RBW 3- 190 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 317 Figure 3- 134: Comparison display of Trace 1 and 2 The main topics in this section are: H Trace/Avg menu H Displaying Trace 1 and 2 H Averaging waveform H Saving/Loading waveform data H Trace compression display 3- 191 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 318 (Trace Type = Average) Extenden Resolution... (Trace Type = Hi-Res) Demod and Time modes (except Audio Measurements) Average Off / On Average Count Expo / Repeat Average Term Control Figure 3- 135: Trace/Avg menu structure 3- 192 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 319 The number of data points acquired at each pixel is indicated by color. +Peak Displays the maximum values acquired in each screen update. - - Peak Displays the minimum values acquired in each screen update. Available in the S/A mode except DPX spectrum. DPX spectrum only. 3- 193 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 320 Causes trace accumulation to start over for the Min Hold process. Reset Bitmap. Available when Trace 1 or 2 Type is set to Bitmap. Causes trace accumulation to start over for the Bitmap display. 3- 194 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 321 For each acquisition of a block of data, the analyzer takes traces as many as specified with Number Of Averages from the trigger point to perform the RMS averaging. 3- 195 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 322 4. Press the Trace 1 (or 2) Type... side key to select the trace type: Normal, Average, MaxHold or MinHold (refer to Trace 1/2 Type on page 3- -193). 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for Trace 1 and 2. 3- 196 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 323 = max(X(p) x(p) n–1 , Min Hold. Displays only the minimum value at each data point. X(p) = x(p) for : n = 1 for : n ≧ 2 X(p) = min(X(p) x(p) n–1 , 3- 197 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 324 Selects the display method. Trace 1 (or 2) Type Selects the trace type (Average here). Number of Averages Sets how many traces are accumulated. Reset Average Restart averaging. Figure 3- 136: Displaying an averaged waveform 3- 198 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 325 Max Hold waveform. Trace 2: averaged waveform (This figure shows an example of Max Hold) Trace 1: ordinary spectrum waveform (This figure shows an example of a digitally- modulated signal) Figure 3- 137: Compared display 3- 199 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 326 Valid data are placed into “bins”. The number of bins depends on the span, as shown in Table 3- -34. Table 3- 34: Number of bins (FFT points: 1024) Span Number of bins 20 MHz or less 36 MHz 40 MHz (Baseband only) 3- 200 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 327 Number of bins = (Specified span)/(Frequency bandwidth of one bin) +1 The sampling rate varies depending on span. Refer to Specifications in the RSA3408B Technical Reference for more details. Compression Method Generally, because the number of horizontal pixels on screen is smaller than the number of bins, bin data is compressed according to the number of pixels on screen when they are displayed (see Figure 3- -138).
  • Page 328 Pixel data on screen Max-Min Acquired data points Acquires the minimum and maximum values of data points corresponding to each pixel. Pixel data on screen Figure 3- 139: Compression method for displaying the waveform 3- 202 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 329 H EVM view H Symbol table H Eye diagram H AM/AM view H AM/PM view H PDF view H Noisogram view For information on views specific to the other optional analyses, refer to each user manual. 3- 203 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 330 H View Scale... Sets the horizontal and vertical axes for the view selected using the Select key. H View Lines... Sets the display line for the view selected using the Select key. Refer to Display Line on page 3- -227 for the details. 3- 204 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 331 Press the View: Define key. b. Press the Show Views side key to select Multi. Refer to page 3- -38 for information about changing the overview and the subview using the Define menu. 3- 205 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 332 Range: - -100 to 100 dBm (default: 0 dBm). Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. Vertical Stop Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 140: Setting the scale in spectrum view 3- 206 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 333 Minimum. Sets the histogram value represented by the bottom color in the selected palette. Range: 0 to 99% in 1% steps (default: 0%) The Minimum value must be less than Maximum. Full Scale. Sets Vertical Scale, Maximum and Minimum to default values. 3- 207 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 334 Auto Scale. Sets the start value and the scale of the color axis automatically to fit the spectrogram to the screen. Horizontal Scale. Sets the range of the horizontal axis. Horizontal Start. Sets the minimum value (left edge) of the horizontal axis. 3- 208 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 335 Step to Trigger. Vertical Start is automatically set so that the frame at the trigger position appears on the spectrogram. Color Stop Color Scale Vertical Size Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 142: Scale and format settings in spectrogram view 3- 209 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 336 Vertical Offset. Sets the center value ((maximum + minimum) / 2) of the vertical axis. Available when the vertical axis represents: AM modulation factor FM frequency deviation PM phase deviation IQ voltage. Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. 3- 210 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 337 Vertical axis: AM modulation factor, FM frequency deviation, PM phase deviation, or IQ level (AM modulation factor shown) Vertical Offset Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 143: Setting the scale in time domain view 3- 211 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 338 Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. Sub Grid. Time mode only. Determines whether to display the sub-grid. Vertical Stop Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 144: Setting the scale in CCDF view 3- 212 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 339 H Constellation. Selects the constellation display. It is the same as the vector display, except that only symbols of the measurement signal are indicated in red, and the locus between symbols is not displayed. Vector display Constellation display Figure 3- 145: Vector and constellation displays 3- 213 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 340 (= θ - - θ N: Multiplication constant Phase Multiplication = x1, Phase Multiplication = x4, displaying 32 symbol points. displaying 8 symbol points. Figure 3- 146: Phase multiplication display for a CPM signal 3- 214 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 341 Vertical axis: EVM (An example of magnitude error below) Vertical Vertical Vertical Scale Scale Offset Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Horizontal Start Figure 3- 147: Setting the scale in EVM view 3- 215 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 342 3- -53) of the View: Define menu to 0 (zero), only EVM is available in Measurement Content. You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing System > Instrument Setup... > Angular Units. 3- 216 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 343 (Phase Error) θ +3/4π movement (10) - - 3/4π movement (11) - - 1/4π movement (01) +1/4π movement (00) Assumed position before movement Figure 3- 149: Constellation view and error vectors in 1/4π QPSK 3- 217 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 344 H Phase. Selects the phase sequence that determines the symbol value by the phase angle directly. For example, when the phase angle is π/2, the symbol value is 2. See Figure 3- -150. Phase sequence Code sequence π/4 Figure 3- 150: D8PSK symbol value 3- 218 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 345 You can display this diagram in the eye diagram analysis in the digital modulation analysis (refer to page 3- -60). 3- 219 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 346 Eye Length. Sets the number of symbols displayed on the horizontal axis. The time required for movement between symbols is defined as 1 (one). Range: 1 to 16 (the default is 2) Trellis Figure 3- 152: Eye diagram view 3- 220 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 347 Vertical Start. Shows the minimum value (bottom) of the vertical axis (not settable). Equal to the Horizontal Start value. Vector display Dot display Vertical Start Horizontal Start Figure 3- 153: Vector and dot displays for AM/AM view 3- 221 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 348 Vertical Scale. Sets the vertical full-scale value to expand the graph vertically. Range: The initial maximum value × 0.05 to the maximum value Vector display Dot display Vertical Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 154: Vector and dot displays for AM/PM view 3- 222 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 349 Full Scale. Sets the scale of the horizontal and vertical axes to each full-scale value. You can change the scale of the horizontal and vertical axes within these full-scale values. Vertical Stop Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 155: Setting the scale in PDF view 3- 223 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 350 Color Stop. Sets the maximum value (top) of the color axis. Range: [70 - - (Color Scale)] to 70 dBc/Hz. Full Scale. Sets the maximum value of the color axis to 0 and the height to 100 dBc/Hz. 3- 224 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 351 Setting Views Color Stop Vertical Size Color Scale Vertical Start Horizontal Start Horizontal Stop Figure 3- 156: Setting the scale in noisogram view 3- 225 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 352 Setting Views 3- 226 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 353 NOTE. The display line is available only in the S/A (spectrum analysis) mode. Vertical line Horizontal line Figure 3- 157: Display line This section provides these two topics: H Display Line Operation (Other than Real Time S/A) H Multi Display Lines (Real Time S/A Only) 3- 227 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 354 Line 1. Sets the position of the first line. Line 2. Sets the position of the second line. Delta. Sets the difference between the first line and the second: (Value of Line 2) - - (Value of Line 1) 3- 228 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 355 (value of Delta) = (value of line 2) - - (value of line 1) H To turn off the horizontal line: Press the Number Of Line side key to select None. Values at line positions Horizontal line (Dual) Figure 3- 159: Two horizontal lines 3- 229 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 356 (value of Delta) = (value of line 2) - - (value of line 1) H To turn off the vertical line: Press the Number Of Line side key to select None. Figure 3- 160: Two horizontal and two vertical lines 3- 230 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 357 Amplitude reference line (red) Amplitude display lines (blue) Lines readout Time display lines (blue) Time reference line (red) Frequency reference line (red) Frequency display lines (blue) Figure 3- 161: Multi display lines (Real Time S/A mode) 3- 231 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 358 Time Line Time Line Offset Time Line Interval Off / On Frequency Line Frequency Line Offset Frequency Line Interval Off / On View Lines Readout Figure 3- 162: Lines menu structure (Real Time S/A) 3- 232 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 359 Range: 0 second minimum. The maximum value depends on acquired data quantity. The other menu items (Frequency Line, Frequency Line Offset, Frequency Line Interval, and View Lines Readout) are the same as the spectrum view. 3- 233 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 360 Display Line 3- 234 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 361 Two markers (called Marker 1 and 2) indicated by “V” and “Z” move on a waveform. “V” and “Z” represent an active and a fixed marker, respectively. They are used to measure relative values. 3- 235 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 362 / Down (B) The definition of “next” can be set in the Marker Setup menu, using Peak Search Freq. Threshold or Hor. Threshold. Refer to Setting the Minimum Jump of the Marker on page 3- -244. 3- 236 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 363 Reference Cursor to Trigger Output. Demod and Time modes only. Enables the reference cursor at the same position as the trigger output in the overview. 3- 237 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 364 Changes the marker horizontal position using the general purpose knob or the Marker 1 numeric keypad. Markers Enables one, two, or no markers. Single is selected, enabling marker 1 only. Figure 3- 165: Measurement with a single marker 3- 238 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 365 = (Marker 1 readout) - - (Marker 2 readout) Select Marker Selects the active marker. Markers Marker 1 Here selects Delta to enable Marker 1 and 2. Marker 2 Figure 3- 166: Using the delta marker to take measurements 3- 239 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 366 Marker 1 Marker 2 Reference Cursor to Marker X Enables the reference cursor. Reference Cursor Off Turns off the reference cursor. Reference cursor Figure 3- 167: Measurement with the reference cursor 3- 240 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 367 The marker moves to another trace with the same horizontal position. The marker moves to another trace Assign Marker X to Trace with the same horizontal position. Selects the trace to place the marker. Trace 1 Trace 2 Figure 3- 168: Changing the Trace 3- 241 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 368 (see Figure 3- -170). The marker moves on the most popular amplitude trace as shown in white in this figure. Figure 3- 170: Marker movement on the Bitmap trace 3- 242 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 369 Moves the marker higher in amplitude to Moves the marker lower in amplitude to the next signal. the next signal. Figure 3- 171: Functions of the peak search keys 3- 243 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 370 3. Press either of the following side keys depending on the measurement mode and then set the minimum jump: H Peak Search Freq. Threshold in the S/A mode H Peak Search Hor. Threshold in the Demod and Time modes 3- 244 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 371 2. Select the type of online help using the side keys: H View Front Panel Button Help. Provides descriptions of the front-panel keys. H View Online User Manual. Displays the analyzer user manual, formatted for online use. 3- 245 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 372 Table 3- -37, select the topic from the contents window on screen (see Figure 3- -174). The key functions are different in the contents (left) window than in the descriptions (right) window. 3- 246 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 373 Returns to the previous display. Enter Accepts the selection and displays the corresponding content. Select the topic from the contents. Figure 3- 174: Online user manual 4. To exit the help system, press the Cancel-Back (top) side key. 3- 247 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 374 Refer to Side-Panel Interface on page 2- -6 on connecting a USB mouse and keyboard to the analyzer. Enter a search word with the keyboard Figure 3- 175: Word search using the keyboard 3- 248 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 375 When you calibrate the IQ offset, set the IQ input signal level to zero externally. (The IQ offset calibration is included in the center offset calibration. Refer to Calibrating Center Offset on page 1- -26.) 3- 249 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 376 H Ext. Uses the 10 MHz sine wave of - -10 to +6 dBm from the REF IN connector on the rear panel when you want to synchronize the analyzer with other instrument(s). The reference clock is available from the REF OUT connector on the rear panel. 3- 250 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 377 Saves a measurement or reference filter that user defined. Spectrum emission mask Saves a limit mask. MAT file (.MAT) Real Time S/A with Zoom, Saves waveform data (IQ data in time domain) in the MATLAB format. Demod and Time modes 3- 251 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 378 Corr for a correction file Save Data(.CSV)... Current Block / Current Area Bitmap for a bitmap trace file Save Data(.MAT)... Current Block / Current Area Spectrum Emission Mask only. Figure 3- 177: Load/Save menu structure 3- 252 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 379 Separated Values) format, allowing you to export the file into Microsoft Excel or other database systems. H Current Block. Saves the block currently displayed. H Current Area. Saves the data displayed in the main view. 3- 253 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 380 To return to the previous menu, press the Cancel - Back side key at any time. 1. Press the Save key on the front panel. 3- 254 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 381 Acquired data in time domain .mat Current Block Data of the block currently displayed Current Area Data currently shown in the main view .dpt is only for the Bitmap trace in the DPX spectrum. Spectrum emission mask only. 3- 255 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 382 NOTE. The preset files are always saved in the My Documents folder on the C: drive even if you select another folder. Saves data to the preset file (trace file in this example). Figure 3- 178: Save to the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3- 256 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 383 After selecting the folder, press the Done side key to accept it. The list of files in the selected folder appears, displaying only files with the same extension as the file to be stored. 3- 257 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 384 The message “File already exists. Do you want to overwrite it?” appears at the bottom of the screen. When you overwrite the file, press the Overwrite side key. Otherwise go back to step c to enter another name. 3- 258 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 385 NOTE. The preset file must be in the My Documents folder on the C: drive. If you have not saved any data to the preset file that you select, the error message “File name not found” appears on the bottom left of the screen. 3- 259 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 386 The data is loaded from the specified file. Select File Selects a file using the knob. Load File Now Loads the data from the specified file. Folder... Shows the selected directory (“C:¥My Documents” here). Figure 3- 182: Load from File menu 3- 260 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 387 Only the part within the allowable range is displayed with line feed inserted at space. The third and the subsequent lines are omitted. Figure 3- 183: Displaying the file name on the Load Data side key 3- 261 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 388 Deletes a character just before the cursor. These keys are not available for entering a file name. Enter/Next key Accepts the input character. Caps Lock key (+ and - - are not available) Figure 3- 184: Alphanumeric keypad 3- 262 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 389 If you want to restart from the beginning, press the Cancel - Back (top) side key. You can also move the insertion cursor using the general purpose knob or up/down keys. 3- 263 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 390 You can make or delete a directory using Windows, but not using the analyzer menu. Refer to page 2- -27 for information about using Windows on the analyzer. Refer to Windows documentation for additional information about operating Windows. 3- 264 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 391 H Data file (*.IQT) H Trace file (*.TRC) H DPX Bitmap trace (*.DPT) H CSV (Comma Separated Values) file (*.CSV) H MAT (MATLAB) file (*.MAT) H Limit mask file (*.CSV) H User filter file (*.CSV) 3- 265 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 392 ValidFrames. In this case, the correction data block, the dummy header, and the extended correction data block are always added. The subsections below provide details on each block. 3- 266 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 393 Number of bytes of the file header = 1 + 4 + 0416 = 421 The number of bytes is therefore 421. Data starts from the 422 byte. Descriptions of the file header items follow. 3- 267 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 394 File Format Type. Shows the type of data. In the RSA3408B analyzer, only this type is used: H RSA3408BIQT. The data block contains I and Q values in the time domain. It is upward compatible with the *.IQT file of the WCA300 series.
  • Page 395 FFTPoints. Shows the FFT point setting that was set when the analyzer acquired the data. This item is always 1024 in the RSA3408B analyzer. Bins. Shows the number of bins. The same value is also entered in bins of each frame header of the data block (refer to Frame Header on page 3- -270).
  • Page 396 The frame header is defined by the following structure: struct frameHeader_st { short reserved1; short validA; short validP; short validI; short validQ; short bins; short reserved2; short triggered; short overLoad; short lastFrame; unsigned long ticks; Descriptions of the frame header items follow. 3- 270 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 397 H 0. Indicates that the frame is not the last in the block. H - -1. Indicates that the frame is the last in the block. unsigned long ticks. Shows a time stamp using UnitPeriod in the file header (not FramePeriod) as a unit time. 3- 271 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 398 = i - - IOffset q = q - - QOffset IQScale = Sqrt(Power(10, (GainOffset + MaxInputLevel + LevelOffset) / 10) / 20 * 2) I = i * IQScale [V] Q = q * IQScale [V] 3- 272 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 399 Definition of Extended Correction Data Block. The extended correction data block is defined by the following structure: struct extendedCorrectionData_st { unsigned char a[1024]; unsigned char p[1024]; Dummy Header The dummy header contains the ASCII codes of “40000” with no line feed code. 3- 273 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 400 XScale. Required. Represents the scale of the horizontal axis. XUnit. Represents the unit of the horizontal axis: fixed to Hz. ZNum. Required. Internal use only: fixed to 1. YStart. Required. Represents the minimum (bottom) edge of the vertical axis. 3- 274 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 401 0. Mask Value. The mask value represents whether to display the data. H 0. Indicates that the data is displayed. H - -1. Indicates that the data is not displayed. 3- 275 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 402 Stop (stop frequency) when XLeftLabel is Start (start frequency). XLeftLabel. Represents the label on the left of the horizontal axis: Center (center frequency) when XLeftLabel is Span (span), or Start (start frequency) when XLeftLabel is Stop (stop frequency). 3- 276 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 403 Figure 3- -190: from bottom up for each column from left to right on the Bitmap display. Bitmap display 201 points S S S 1 2 3 501 points Figure 3- 190: Data sequence for writing to the Bitmap trace file 3- 277 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 404 The acquisition data files saved in MatLab format contain the following MatLab variables: InputCenter. The center frequency in Hertz. XDelta. The sample period in seconds. Y. A complex array containing IQ pairs. InputZoom. Always 1, and indicates complex data. 3- 278 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 405 Beginning Abs Limit setting value Ending Abs Limit setting value Ending Abs Limit setting value Beginning Rel Limit setting value Beginning Rel Limit setting value Ending Rel Limit setting value Ending Rel Limit setting value 3- 279 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 406 For example, 0.01 and 1.0E- -2 are both valid. H “0” (zero) and “,0” (comma zero) can be omitted. For example, “1.5,0”, “1.5,”, and “1.5” are equivalent. H Lines with only a comma and blank lines are skipped. 3- 280 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 407 0.458502,0 0.0441942,0 3.42E- - 09,0 1.06E- - 05,0 0.581862,0 0.0257149,0 9.11E- - 10,0 2.80E- - 05,0 0.707107,0 0.0143282,0 2.33E- - 10,0 7.10E- - 05,0 0.822878,0 0.00764509,0 0.000172633,0 0.917004,0 0.00390625,0 0.00191127,0 0.000401796,0 0.978572,0 0.000895512,0 0.000895512,0 3- 281 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 408 File Format 3- 282 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 409 For file operations, refer to page 3- -251. Background color. Selects the background color for printing. H Black. Prints the background of screen in black. H White. Reverses the background of screen to white. Printer... Selects a destination printer. 3- 283 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 410 1. 4. Press the Printer... side key and select a destination printer. 5. Press the Print now side key to start printing. If the printer driver displays a message during printing, follow the instructions. 3- 284 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 411 .BMP is automatically assigned. When you have finished entering the name, press the Save File Now side key to store the copy in the file. After the screen copy is saved in the file, the screen returns to the original waveform display. 3- 285 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 412 Screen Copy 3- 286 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 413 Appendices...
  • Page 415 Some of the submenus are used for programming or servicing; information about these submenus is in the programmer or service manual (optional). See Appendix F for manual part number. Figure A- 1: Menu keys A- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 416 Frequency Offset Amplitude Table Off / On Edit Table... Interpolation... Select Point To Edit Load Table Frequency Save Table Amplitude Delete Point Add New Point Done Editing Table Clear Table Freq Interpolation Ampl Interpolation A- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 417 Off / Variable / Infinite Persistence Value Reset Bitmap Max-Min / Max / Min Load From File menu (Refer to page A- - 14) Save To File menu (Refer to page A- - 14) A- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 418 Acquisition Length Acquisition History Analysis Length Analysis Offset Frequency Center Frequency Width Demod and Time modes Acquisition Length Acquisition History Spectrum Length Spectrum Offset Analysis Length Analysis Offset Off / On Output Trigger Indicator A- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 419 Normal / Average / Hi- - Res Number Of Averages (Trace Type = Average) Extenden Resolution... (Trace Type = Hi-Res) Demod and Time Modes Average Off / On Average Count Average Term Control Expo / Repeat A- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 420 Upper / Lower / Both Fail if signal exceeds... Absolute / Relative / Rel OR Abs / Rel AND Abs Baginning Abs Limit Ending Abs Limit Baginning Rel Limit Ending Rel Limit Rescale Graph Return To Original Scale A- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 421 Frequency Deviation CCDF only Display Gaussian Line Modulation Type = CPM On / Off Auto Modulation Index Detection On / Off Modulation Index... “4/16,5/16” / “5/16,6/16” / “6/16,7/16” / “7/16,10/16” / “12/16,13/16” / “8/16,8/16” A- 7 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 422 / PIE (Type A or C) / NRZ / NRZ-L (2, 4, or 8 periods) / PWM / Bit Cell Interpolation Points / 1 out of 4 / 1 out of 256 / SSC (High or Low) / DSC (High or Low) On / Off A- 8 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 423 Spurious Threshold Excursion Symmetrical Filter Off / On Carrier Tracking Off / On Scroll Table Real-Time Spurious only Analyze Carrier Bandwidth C/N Sideband Upper / Lower Frequency versus Time Freq Settling Threshold Smoothing Factor A- 9 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 424 Analysis Time = Marker Time Demod and Time (Transient) Modes only Center Zoom = Marker Freq Peak Search Hor. Threshold Reference Cursor to Trigger Reference Cursor to Trigger Output Time (CCDF) Mode only Peak Search Hor. Threshold A- 10 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 425 Line 1 Spectrogram view Line 2 Time Line Off / On Delta Time Line Offset Time Line Interval Frequency Line Off / On Frequency Line Offset Frequency Line Interval View Lines Readout Off / On A- 11 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 426 Guidelines Pulse-Pulse Phase Results On / Off Channel Power Results On / Off Menu Off OBW Results On / Off EBW Results On / Off Freq. Deviation Results On / Off Max / Adaptive A- 12 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 427 Reset All to Factory Defaults Option Key Remote Setup... (Refer to the Programmer Manual) Change Option Key Version and Installed Options... Instrument Setup... Angular Units (Phase) Degrees / Radians Digital IQ Output On / Off A- 13 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 428 Corr for a correction file Print now Bitmap for a bitmap file Save screen to file... Background color Black / White Printer... * Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office for installing user-specific macros. A- 14 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 429 This section shows the symbol mapping for each digital modulation technique. BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16QAM Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right 32QAM 64QAM Left Right Right Left Right Figure B- 1: Symbol mapping: BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64QAM B- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 430 Appendix B: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping 256QAM Left Right GFSK 4FSK 8FSK Left Right Left Right Left Right 16FSK Left Right Figure B- 2: Symbol mapping: 256QAM, GFSK, 4FSK, 8FSK, and 16FSK B- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 431 Appendix B: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping Table B- 1: π/4 shift DQPSK Rotation angle (degree) +135 - - 45 - - 135 Table B- 2: GMSK Rotation direction Left Right B- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 432 Appendix B: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping B- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 433 This section shows the pin assignment of the digital IQ output connectors (I OUTPUT and Q OUTPUT) on the rear panel of the analyzer with Option 05. For details on the specifications, refer to the RSA3408B Technical Reference. Figure C- 1: Digital IQ output connector pin assignment...
  • Page 434 I output data (bit 12), LVDS EXT_I12+ EXT_I13- - I output data (bit 13), LVDS EXT_I13+ EXT_I14- - I output data (bit 14), LVDS EXT_I14+ EXT_I15- - I output data (bit 15), LVDS EXT_I15+ Ground C- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 435 Q output data (bit 4), LVDS EXT_Q4+ EXT_Q5- - Q output data (bit 5), LVDS EXT_Q5+ EXT_Q6- - Q output data (bit 6), LVDS EXT_Q6+ EXT_Q7- - Q output data (bit 7), LVDS EXT_Q7+ C- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 436 Q output data (bit 12), LVDS EXT_Q12+ EXT_Q13- - Q output data (bit 13), LVDS EXT_Q13+ EXT_Q14- - Q output data (bit 14), LVDS EXT_Q14+ EXT_Q15- - Q output data (bit 15), LVDS EXT_Q15+ Ground Not used C- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 437 Appendix C: Digital IQ Output Connector Pin Assignment (Option 05) Setup time Hold time >5 ns >5 ns Data Valid Invalid (EXT_I*/EXT_Q*) Clock (EXT_IQ_CLK) Figure C- 2: Definition of the setup and hold time C- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 438 Appendix C: Digital IQ Output Connector Pin Assignment (Option 05) C- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 439 NOTE. If you use a USB flash drive that includes a different serial number, the error message “UNCAL” will be displayed in red on the screen. H For repair or calibration, ship your instrument with the USB flash drive to Tektronix. D- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 440 USB flash drive and then double-click Backup.exe). Loosen the screws to open the door. Unplug the connector. Lift up the hard disk cartridge. Figure D- 1: Detaching the removable hard disk drive D- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 441 4. In the Confirmation dialog box, click Yes to restore the instrument operating system, or No to exit the restore process. The restore process takes approximately 30 minutes; the actual time depends on the instrument configuration. E- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 442 Appendix E: Restoring the Instrument Operating System E- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 443 Missing, damaged, or loose knobs. Connectors Broken shells, cracked insulation, and deformed contacts. Dirt in connectors. Carrying handle Correct operation. Accessories Missing items or parts of items, bent pins, broken or frayed cables, and damaged connectors. F- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 444 Lubrication There is no periodic lubrication required for this instrument. Cleaning the Interior Consult your Tektronix Service Center or representative for cleaning the analyzer interior. F- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 445 H Option C5: Calibration service, 5 years H Option D1: Calibration data report H Option D3: Calibration data report, 3 years (requires Option C3) H Option D5: Calibration data report, 5 years (requires Option C5) G- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 446 Option number North America 120 V Universal Euro 230 V United Kingdom 230 V Australia 240 V North America 240 V Switzerland 220 V Japan 100 V China 240 V No power cord supplied. G- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 447 016-A330-00 Preamplifier (20 dB gain to 3 GHz) 650-A900-XX RTPA2A real-time probe adapter (P7000 series probes recommended) RSA34RHD extra 40 GB removable hard drive for use with Option 06 RSA3KR rackmount kit (user installable) G- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 448 Option 29 WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n analysis software user manual 071-2405-XX Option 30 3GPP Release 99 and Release 5 uplink and downlink 071-2396-XX analysis software user manual Option 40 3GPP Release 6 (HSUPA) analysis software user manual 071-2060-XX G- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 449 Glossary...
  • Page 451 A signal generator producing a specified output used for calibration purposes. Carrier, Carrier Signal The electrical signal, typically a sine wave, upon which modulation is impressed. Carrier Frequency The frequency of the carrier signal. Glossary- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 452 A display in which the scale divisions are a logarithmic function of the input signal voltage. Display Line A horizontal or vertical line on a waveform display, used as a reference for visual (or automatic) comparison with a given level, time, or frequency. Glossary- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 453 The process, or result of a process, in which the frequency of an electrical signal (the carrier) is varied in accordance with some characteristic of a second electrical signal (the modulating signal or modulation). Glossary- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 454 Connect to a file containing settings or other data to be used by the application. Maintain the connection. Live Trace Any combination of the A trace and/or the B trace when SAVE A is off. Glossary- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 455 “grassy” baseline in the display, even when no signal is present. Open (Recall, Restore) Bring data into the application from a file of application-native format. OQPSK Acronym for Offset QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). Acronym for Probability Distribution Function. Glossary- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 456 The “second” marker displayed only in the Delta Marker mode. Sensitivity Measure of a spectrum analyzer’s ability to display minimum level signals, expressed in volts or decibels. Internal frequency (IF) bandwidth, display mode, and any other influencing factors must be given. Glossary- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 457 View An area or window of the display screen which contains information all of the same type (such as a Spectrum View or a Power versus Time View). Glossary- 7 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 458 Glossary Glossary- 8 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 459 Index...
  • Page 461 3- - 192 Modulation Type, 3- - 49 Time mode, 3- - 196 symbol value, 3- - 219 type, 3- - 197 CSV file format, 3- - 278 Backing up user files, 1- - 22 Index- 1 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 462 3- - 171 How to delete window, 3- - 185 File directories, 3- - 264 files, 3- - 264 Bitmap trace file format, 3- - 276 data file format, 3- - 266 How to display Index- 2 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 463 IQ output (Option 05), 2- - 5 constellation, 3- - 56 input, note, 3- - 249 digital modulation analysis (Option 21 only), 3- - 48 IQ versus Time measurement, 3- - 46, 3- - 101 EBW, 3- - 10 Index- 3 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 464 Modulation analysis (Demod mode), 3- - 31 powering off, 1- - 20 Mouse, operation, 2- - 8 principal power switch, 1- - 13 Mult display lines (Real Time S/A only), 3- - 231 switch, 1- - 13 Index- 4 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 465 3- - 208 symbol table, 3- - 96 Spectrum RMS, description, 3- - 197 analysis, S/A mode, 3- - 1 RMSExpo, description, 3- - 197 length, 3- - 158 Run/Stop key, 2- - 24 Index- 5 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...
  • Page 466 Trigger, 3- - 163 Acquisition/Analysis menu, 3- - 27 creating a mask, 3- - 171 function, 3- - 27 level, 3- - 167 setting a zoomed area, 3- - 28 menu, 3- - 164 Index- 6 RSA3408B Analyzer User Manual...