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TAKE-OFF.
It is important
to
check full-throttle
engine
operation
early
in
the take-
off
run.
Any signs
of
rough
engine
operation
or
sluggish
engine
accelera-
tion
is good cause
for discontinuing
the take-off.
Full
throttle
runups
over
loose
gravel
are
especially
harmful
to
propeller
tips.
When
take-offs
must
be made
over a
gravel
surface,
it is
very
important
that the throttle
be
advanced
slowly.
This
allows
the
air-
craft
to
start
rolling
before
high RPM is developed,
and
the
gravel
will be
blown back
of
the
propeller
rather
than
pulled
into it.
After
full
throttle
is
applied,
adjust
the throttle
friction
lock clock-
wise
to
prevent
the throttle
from
creeping
back from
a
maximum
power
position.
Similar
friction
lock
adjustments
should
be made
as
required
in
other
flight
conditions
to
maintain
a
fixed
throttle
setting.
Normal
take-offs
are accomplished
with wing flaps
0°
to
20°,
cowl
flaps
open,
full
throttle,
and 2600
RPM.
Reduce
power
to
23
inches
of
manifold
pressure
and
2450
RPM as
soon as
practical
to
minimize
engine
wear.
Using
20°
wing flaps
reduces
the
ground
run and
total
distance
over
the
obstacle
by
approximately
20 per
cent.
Soft
field
take-offs
are per-
formed
with
20°
flaps
by lifting
the
aircraft
off
the
ground
as
soon as
practical
in a slightly
tail-low
attitude.
However,
the
aircraft
should
be leveled
off immediately
to
accelerate
to
a safe
climb
speed.
If
20°
wing flaps
are used for
take-off,
they
should
be left down
until
all obstacles
are
cleared.
To clear
an
obstacle
with wing flaps
20
degrees,
an
obstacle
clearance
speed of 60
MPH should
be used.
If no
obstructions
are
ahead,
a
best
"flaps
up" rate-of-climb
speed
of 89
MPH would be most
efficient.
These
speeds
vary
slightly
with
altitude,
but
they
are
close
enough
for
average
field
elevations.
Flap
deflections
greater
than
20° are
not recommended
at any
time
for
take-
off.
Take-offs
into strong
crosswinds
normally
are
performed
with
the
minimum
flap setting
necessary
for
the
field length,
to
minimize
the
drift
angle
immediately
after
take-off.
The
aircraft
is accelerated
to
a speed
slightly
higher
than
normal,
then
pulled
off abruptly
to
prevent
possible
settling
back
to the
runway
while
drifting.
When clear
of
the
ground,
make
a coordinated
turn
into
the
wind
to
correct
for drift.
2-13
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