Wmm; Overview - Tenda W15-Pro User Manual

6.5

WMM

6.5.1

Overview

802.11 networks offer wireless access services based on the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) channel competition mechanism, which allows all wireless clients
to fairly compete for channels. All the services implemented over wireless networks share the
same channel competition parameters. Nevertheless, different services usually have different
requirements for bandwidth, delay, and jitter. This requires wireless networks to offer accessibility
based on the services implemented over the networks.
WMM is a wireless QoS protocol used to ensure that packets with high priorities are transmitted
first. This ensures better voice and video service experience over wireless networks.
WMM involves the following terms:
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA): It is a channel competition mechanism to
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ensure that packets with higher priorities are assigned more bandwidth and transmitted
earlier.
Access Category (AC): The WMM mechanism divides WLAN traffic by priority in
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descending order into the AC-VO (voice stream), AC-VI (video stream), AC-BE (best effort),
and AC-BK (background) access categories. The access categories use queues with
different priorities to send packets. The WMM mechanism ensures that packets in
queues with higher priorities have more opportunities to access channels.
According to the 802.11 protocol family, all devices listen on a channel before using the channel to
send data. If the channel stays idle for a specified period or longer, the devices wait a random
backoff period within the contention window. The device whose backoff period expires first can
use the channel. The 802.11 protocol family applies the same backoff period and contention
window to all devices across a network to ensure that the devices have the same channel
contention opportunity.
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EDCA Parameters
WMM changes the contention mechanism of 802.11 networks by dividing packets into four ACs,
among which the ACs with higher priorities have more opportunities to access channels. The ACs
help achieve different service levels.
WMM assigns each AC a set of EDCA parameters for channel contention, including:
Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing Number (AIFSN): Different from the fixed distributed
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inter-frame spacing (DIFS) specified in the 802.11 protocol family, AIFSN varies across ACs.
A greater AIFSN indicates a longer backoff period. See AIFS in the following figure.
Contention window minimum (CWmin) and contention window maximum (CWmax)
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specify the average backoff period. The period increases along with these two values. See
the backoff slots in the following figure.
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