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MiCOM P846

Technical Manual

Open Line Detection Relay

Platform Hardware Version: J

Platform Software Version: 30L

Publication Reference:

P846/EN M/D

GRID

Table of Contents

Chapters

Table of Contents

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Summary of Contents for Alstom MiCOM P846

Page 1 GRID ALSTOM, its officers or employees accept responsibility for, or should be taken as making any representation or warranty (whether express or implied), as to the accuracy or completeness of such data or the achievement of any projected performance criteria where these are indicated. ALSTOM reserves the right to revise or...
Page 3 CONTENTS Safety Section Section 1 Introduction P846/EN IT/D Section 2 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D Section 3 Getting Started P846/EN GS/D Section 4 Settings P846/EN ST/D Section 5 Operation P846/EN OP/D Section 6 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D Section 7 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D Section 8 Measurements and Recording...
Page 5 Safety Section P846/EN SS/H11 SAFETY SECTION...
Page 6 P846/EN SS/H11 Safety Section...
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Safety Section P846/EN SS/H11 (SS) - 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY SYMBOLS AND LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT Symbols Labels INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING DE-COMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY Protective fuse rating Protective class Installation category Environment...
Page 8 P846/EN SS/H11 Safety Section (SS) - 2...
Page 9: Introduction
However, the manuals cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include detailed information on all topics. In the event of questions or specific problems, do not take any action without proper authorization. Contact the appropriate Alstom Grid technical sales office and request the necessary information.
Page 10: Symbols And Labels On The Equipment
P846/EN SS/H11 Safety Section (SS) - 4 SYMBOLS AND LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT For safety reasons the following symbols which may be used on the equipment or referred to in the equipment documentation, should be understood before it is installed or commissioned.
Page 11 (SS) - 5 Watchdog (self-monitoring) contacts are provided in numerical relays to indicate the health of the device. Alstom Grid strongly recommends that these contacts are hardwired into the substation's automation system, for alarm purposes. To ensure that wires are correctly terminated the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used.
Page 12 P846/EN SS/H11 Safety Section (SS) - 6 UL and CSA/CUL listed or recognized equipment To maintain UL and CSA/CUL Listing/Recognized status for North America the equipment should be installed using UL or CSA Listed or Recognized parts for the following items: connection cables, protective fuses/fuseholders or circuit breakers, insulation crimp terminals and replacement internal battery, as specified in the equipment documentation.
Page 13: Commissioning And Disposal
Safety Section P846/EN SS/H11 (SS) - 7 External test blocks and test plugs Great care should be taken when using external test blocks and test plugs such as the MMLG, MMLB and MiCOM P990 types, hazardous voltages may be accessible when using these. *CT shorting links must be in place before the insertion or removal of MMLB test plugs, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
Page 14: Technical Specifications For Safety
P846/EN SS/H11 Safety Section (SS) - 8 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY Unless otherwise stated in the equipment technical manual, the following data is applicable. Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for equipments is 16A, high rupture capacity (HRC) Red Spot type NIT, or TIA, or equivalent.
Page 15 Introduction P846/EN IT/D MiCOM P846 INTRODUCTION Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 16 P846/EN IT/D Introduction MiCOM P846...
Page 17 Introduction P846/EN IT/D MiCOM P846 (IT) 1-1 CONTENTS (IT) 1- MICOM DOCUMENTATION STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION TO MICOM PRODUCT SCOPE Functional overview Ordering options FIGURES Figure 1: Functional diagram...
Page 18 P846/EN IT/D Introduction (IT) 1-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 19: Micom Documentation Structure
P846/EN MT Maintenance A general maintenance policy for the relay is outlined. P846/EN TS Troubleshooting Advice on how to recognize failure modes and the recommended course of action. Includes guidance on whom within Alstom Grid to contact for advice.
Page 20 P846/EN IT/D Introduction (IT) 1-4 MiCOM P846 P846/EN SC SCADA Communi cations This section provides an overview regarding the SCADA communication interfaces of the relay. Detailed protocol mappings, semantics, profiles and interoperability tables are not provided with in this manu al.
Page 21: Introduction To Micom
INTRODUCTION TO MICOM MiCOM is a comprehensive solution capable of meeting all electricity supply requirements. It comprises a range of components, systems and services from Alstom Grid. Central to the MiCOM concept is flexibility. MiCOM provides the ability to define an application solution and, through extensive communication capabilities, integrate it with your power supply control system.
Page 22: Product Scope
P846/EN IT/D Introduction (IT) 1-6 MiCOM P846 PRODUCT SCOPE The P846 open line detector relay is designed for the protection of power systems in the event of a loss of critical power corridors or important tie lines, the loss of which can easily lead to stability problems.
Page 23 Introduction P846/EN IT/D MiCOM P846 (IT) 1-7 The P846 supports the following relay management functions in addition to the functions illustrated above. • Measurement of all instantaneous & integrated values • Circuit breaker control and status monitoring • Trip circuit and coil supervision •...
Page 24: Ordering Options
P846/EN IT/D Introduction (IT) 1-8 MiCOM P846 Ordering options Information Required with Order P846 Relay Type (Feeder Management Relay) Auxiliary Voltage Rating 24 – 48V dc only 48 – 125V dc (30 – 110V ac) 110 – 250V dc (100 – 240V ac) Vn rating 100 –...
Page 25 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 TECHNICAL DATA Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 26 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data MiCOM P846...
Page 27 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 (TD) 2-1 Technical Data Rear Communications Port EIA(RS)485 signal levels, two wire Mechanical Specifications Connections located on general purpose block, M4 screw. Design For screened twisted pair cable, multi-drop, 1000m max. Modular MiCOM Px40 platform relay, P846 For K-Bus or DNP3 protocol (ordering options).
Page 28 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data (TD) 2-2 MiCOM P846 Reset: approx. 64% of battery nominal set. Power Supply Recognition time: lter removed, <2ms with long fi Auxiliary Voltage (Vx) <12ms with half-cycle ac immun ity filter on. Three ordering options: (i) Vx: 24 to 48 Vdc...
Page 29 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 (TD) 2-3 Make, Carry: nvironmental Conditions 30A for 3 secs, dc resistive, 10,000 operations ( subject to the above limits of Ambient Temperature Range make / break capacity & rated voltag Per IEC 60255-6: 1988 Operating temperature range: Make, Carry &...
Page 30 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data (TD) 2-4 MiCOM P846 lectromagnetic Compatibility munity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energ (EMC) er IEC 60255-22-3: 2000, Class III: Test field strength, frequency band 80 to 1 1 MHz Bu rst High Frequency Disturbance MHz: Test 10 V/m,...
Page 31 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 (TD) 2-5 U Directives EMC Compliance Per 2004/108/EC: Compliance to the E uropean Commission Directive on EMC i claimed via the Technical File route. Product Specific Standards wer used to establish conformity: EN50263: 2000...
Page 32 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data (TD) 2-6 MiCOM P846 erformance Protection Functions Year 2000: Compliant Real time clock accura cy: <±2 seconds/day Open Line Detector Protection Modulation ratio: 1/3 or 1/6 Input signal peak-peak amplitude: 200mV…20V Performance Fast Operation: ≤35ms Input impedance at 1000Hz: Ω...
Page 33 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 (TD) 2-7 easure’t Setup: Invisible/Visible Settings, Measurements and Comms Settings: Invisible/Visible Records List Commission Tests Invisible/Visible Setting Values: Primary/Seconda Control Inputs: Invisible/Visible Settings List Ctrl I/P Config: Invisible/Visible Ctrl I/P Labels: Invisible/Visible Global Settings (System Data)
Page 34 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data (TD) 2-8 MiCOM P846 Input 1 Trigger: No Trigger/Trigger L/H/Trig RP2 InactivTimer: 1…30min RP2 Baud Rate: 9600 bits/s (up to): Input 32 Trigger: No Trigger/Trigger L/H/ 19200 bits/s Trigger H 38400 bits/s Measured Operating Data Commission...
Page 35 Technical Data P846/EN TD/D MiCOM P846 (TD) 2-9 ϕ Control Input User Labels Per phase ( = A, B, C) RMS current measurements (Ctrl. I/P Labels) Vϕ-ϕ Magnitude Control Input 1: Vϕ-ϕ Phase Angle (up to): Vϕ Magnitude Control Input 32: Vϕ...
Page 36 P846/EN TD/D Technical Data (TD) 2-10 MiCOM P846 Measurements 3 Fault Record Proforma P -processor signals: PP_kAmax The following data is re corded for any PP_MW relevant elements that operated during a PP_MW3cy fault, and can be viewed in each fault record.
Page 37 Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 GETTING STARTED Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 38 P846/EN GS/D Getting Started MiCOM P846...
Page 39 Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-1 CONTENTS (GS) 3- GETTING STARTED User interfaces and menu structure Introduction to the relay 1.2.1 Front panel 1.2.1.1 LED indications 1.2.2 Relay rear panel Relay connection and power-up Introduction to the user interfaces and settings options Menu structure 1.5.1...
Page 40 P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-2 MiCOM P846 FIGURES Figure 1: Relay front view Figure 2: Relay rear view Figure 3: Menu structure Figure 4: Front panel user interface Figure 5: Hotkey menu navigation Figure 6: Front port connection Figure 7: PC –...
Page 41: Getting Started
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-3 GETTING STARTED User interfaces and menu structure The settings and functions of the MiCOM protection relay can be accessed both from the front panel keypad and LCD, and via the front and rear communication ports. Information on each of these methods is given in this section to describe how to start using the relay.
Page 42: Led Indications
P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-4 MiCOM P846 − Hotkey functionality: − SCROLL Starts scrolling through the various default displays. − STOP Stops scrolling the default display. − For control of setting groups, control inputs and circuit breaker operation −...
Page 43: Relay Connection And Power-Up
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-5 IRIG-B and 2nd Rear Digital Input Connection Comms Board Digital Input Connection Power Supply Connection Rear Comms Port (EIA485) Digital Output Connection Current and Voltage Input Terminal Figure 2: Relay rear view Refer to the wiring diagram in the Installation section for complete connection details.
Page 44: Menu Structure
P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-6 MiCOM P846 The measurement information and relay settings that can be accessed from the three interfaces are summarized in Table 1. Keypad/ LCD Courier DNP3.0 Display & modification of all settings • • Digital I/O signal status •...
Page 45: Protection Settings
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-7 All of the settings in the menu fall into one of three categories; protection settings, disturbance recorder settings, or control and support (C&S) settings. One of two different methods is used to change a setting depending on which category the setting falls into.
Page 46: Relay Configuration
If the passwords are lost an emergency password can be supplied - contact Alstom Grid with the relay’s serial number. The current level of access enabled for an interface can be determined by examining the 'Access level' cell in the 'System data' column, the access level for the front panel User Interface (UI), can also be found as one of the default display options.
Page 47: Default Display And Menu Time-Out
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-9 System Other default displays 3-phase voltage frequency Alarm messages Date and time Column n Column 1 Column 2 Group 4 Sytem data View records Other column headings Overcurrent Data 1.1 Data 2.1 Data n.1...
Page 48: Menu Navigation And Setting Browsing
P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-10 MiCOM P846 Entry to the menu structure of the rel ay is mad e from the default display and is not affected if the display is showing the ‘Ala ent’ message. rms/Faults pres 1.8.2...
Page 49: Password Entry
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-11 Default Display MiCOM P846 HOTKEY CB CTRL (See CB Control in Application Notes) <STG GRP <USR ASS1 <USR ASS2 <USR ASSX <MENU USR ASS2> USR ASSX> MENU> STG GRP> USR ASS1> HOT KEY MENU...
Page 50: Reading And Clearing Of Alarm Messages And Fault Records
Courier communication protocol only. Courier is the communication language developed by Alstom Grid to allow communication with its range of protection relays. The front port is particularly designed for use with the relay settings program MiCOM S1 that is a...
Page 51 Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-13 Figure 6: Front port connection The relay is a Data Communication Equipment (DCE) device. Thus the pin connections of the relay’s 9-pin front port are as follows: Pin no. 2 Tx T ransmit data Pin no.
Page 52: Front Courier Port
P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-14 MiCOM P846 Figure 7: PC – relay signal connection Having made the physical connection from the relay to the PC, the PC’s communication settings must be configured to match those of the relay. The relay’s communication settings...
Page 53: Micom S1 Relay Communications Basics
Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-15 1.10 MiCOM S1 relay communications basics The front port is particularly designed for use with the relay settings pr ogram MiCOM S1 that is a Windows 98, Windows NT4.0, Windows 2000 or Windows XP based software package.
Page 54: Open Communication Link With Relay
P846/EN GS/D Getting Started (GS) 3-16 MiCOM P846 and click on the required Px40 series 1.10.3 Open communication link with relay To open the communications link from S1 to the P846 relay the following procedure must be followed: First the communication setup must be adjusted if necessary. In the "Device" menu, select "Communications Setup…"...
Page 55 Getting Started P846/EN GS/D MiCOM P846 (GS) 3-17 Figure 8: Communication set-up screen When the communications setup is correct the link with the relay can be initialized. In the "Device" me nu, select "Open Connection…" This brings up a prompt for the ad dress of the relay to be interrogated (for front port access, the relay address is always “1”...
Page 56: Off-Line Use Of Micom S1
P846/EN GS/D P846/EN GS/D Getting Started Getting Started (GS) 3-18 (GS) 3-18 MiCOM P846 MiCOM P846 1.10.4 1.10.4 Off-line use of MiCOM S1 Off-line use of MiCOM S1 As well as being used for the on-line editing of settings, MiCOM S1 can also be used as an As well as being used for the on-line editing of settings, MiCOM S1 can also be used as an off-line tool to prepare settings without access to the relay.
Page 57 Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 SETTINGS Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 58 P846/EN ST/D Getting Started MiCOM P846...
Page 59 Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-1 CONTENTS (ST) 4- SETTINGS Relay settings configuration 1.1.1 Default settings restore Protection application settings 1.2.1 CT/VT ratios 1.2.2 Supervision (VTS) Control and support settings 1.3.1 System data 1.3.2 Circuit breaker control 1.3.3 Date and time 1.3.4...
Page 60 P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 61: Settings
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-3 SETTINGS The P846 must be configured to the system and application by means of appropriate settings. The sequence in which the settings are listed and described in this chapter will be the protection setting, control and configuration settings and the disturbance recorder settings (see chapter P846/EN GS for the detailed relay menu map).
Page 62 P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-4 MiCOM P846 Menu Text Default Setting Available Settings Setting Group 1 Enabled Enabled or Disabled If the setting group is disabled from the configuration, then all associated settings and signals are hidden, with the exception of this setting (paste).
Page 63: Default Settings Restore
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-5 Menu Text Default Setting Available Settings Enabled/Disabled/Hotkey Direct Access Enabled only/CB Cntrl. only Defines what CB control direct access is allowed. Enabled implies control via menu, hotkeys etc. LCD Contrast 0…31 Sets the LCD contrast.
Page 64: Supervision (Vts)
P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-6 MiCOM P846 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. CVT Enabled Enabled Disabled/Enabled To enable (activate) or disable (turn off) the potential transformer alarm function. CVT Threshold 0.1% Sets a maximum threshold for the ratio of negative sequence voltage V2 over the sum of positive and negative sequence voltages (V1 +V2).
Page 65 Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-7 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. VTS Ι2> Inhibit 100A 100A 1000A The setting is used to override a voltage supervision block in the event of a fault occurring on the system with negative sequence current above this setting which could trigger the voltage supervision logic.
Page 66 P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-8 MiCOM P846 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. Comms. Level 2 Displays the conformance of the relay to the Courier Level 2 comms. Relay Address 1 Sets the first rear port relay address.
Page 67: Circuit Breaker Control
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-9 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. Access Level Displays the current access level. Level 0 - Password 1 or 2 required - Read access to all settings, alarms, event records...
Page 68 P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-10 MiCOM P846 1.3.3 Date and time Displays the date and time as well as the battery condition. Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. Date/Time Data Displays the relay’s current date and time.
Page 69: Measurements
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-11 Menu Text Default Setting Available Settings DDB 31 - 0 11111111111111111111111111111111 Allows the user to individually select whether DDB signals 0 to 31 create an event or not. Setting a ‘1’ will allow an event to be generated; setting a ’0’ will prevent an event being generated.
Page 70: Communications
P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-12 MiCOM P846 Menu Text Default Settings Available settings MEASUREMENT SETUP Remote2 Values Primary Primary/Secondary The setting defines whether the values measured via the Second Rear Communication port are displayed in primary or secondary terms. 1.3.6...
Page 71: Rear Port 2 Connection Settings
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-13 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. COMMUNICATIONS 1200 bits/s, 2400 bits/s, 4800 bits/s, 9600 RP1 Baud Rate 19200 bits/s bits/s, 19200 bits/s or 38400 bits/s This cell controls the communication speed between relay and master station.
Page 72: Commissioning Tests
P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-14 MiCOM P846 1.3.7 Commissioning tests There are menu cells which allow the status of the opto-isolated inputs, output relay contacts, internal digital data bus (DDB) signals and user-programmable LEDs to be monitored. Additionally there are cells to test the operation of the output contacts, user- programmable LEDs and, where available, the auto-reclose cycles.
Page 73: Opto Configuration
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-15 Menu Text Default Setting Available Settings 0 = Not Operated Test Pattern 00000000000000000000000000000000 1 = Operated This cell is used to select the output relay contacts that will be tested when the ‘Contact Test’...
Page 74: Control Input Configuration
P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-16 MiCOM P846 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. 24 - 27, 30 - 34, 48 - 54, 110 - 125, Opto Input 1 24 - 27 220 - 250 Each opto input can individually be set to a nominal voltage value if custom is selected for the global setting.
Page 75: Disturbance Recorder Settings
Settings P846/EN ST/D MiCOM P846 (ST) 4-17 1.3.10 Control input labels Menu Text Default Setting Setting Range Step Size CTRL I/P LABELS Control Input 1 Control Input 1 16 Character Text Setting to change the text associated with each individual control input. This text will be displayed when a control input is accessed by the hotkey menu, or it can be displayed in the programmable scheme logic.
Page 76 P846/EN ST/D Settings (ST) 4-18 MiCOM P846 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. No Trigger except Dedicated Trip Inputs 1 to 32 Trigger Relay O/P’s which No Trigger, Trigger L/H, Trigger H/L are set to Trigger Any of the digital channels may be selected to trigger the disturbance recorder on either a low to high or a high to low transition.
Page 77 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 OPERATION Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07) Connection Diagrams:...
Page 78 P846/EN OP/D Operation MiCOM P846...
Page 79 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-1 CONTENTS (OP) 5- OPERATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Requirements for fast topology detection The open-line detection problem Principles of operation 1.3.1 Data acquisition 1.3.2 Kalman filtering stage 1.3.3 Preprocessing stage 1.3.4 Fuzzy-logic engine stage 1.3.4.1...
Page 80 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-2 MiCOM P846 IGURES Figure 1: Configuration of a line in a HV/EHV substation Figure 2: DLO processing logic Figure 3: Principle of the self-tuned Kalman-filter with p harmonics and q non-harmonics spectral lines 6 Figure 4:...
Page 81: Requirements For Fast Topology Detection
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-3 OPERA TION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Requir ements for fast topology detection In the deregulated and market driven energy industry, modern power systems need to erate closer to their d esign limits. System topology is becoming more complex becaus w interconnections are being added to satisfy the deregulated flow of energy.
Page 82 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-4 MiCOM P846 Figure 1 shows the typical configuration of a line in a HV/EHV substation with its capacitive voltage transformer CVT and current transformers (CT1, CT2 for breakers and CT3 for shunt reactor) that are connected to the DLO analog inputs (the shunt reactor current is needed to...
Page 83: Principles Of Operation
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-5 Principles of operation The DLO algorithm is made up of five major building blocks as shown on figure 2: Line voltages Anti - alias Kalman Pre - Fuzzy - filtering Filter processor logic Engine &...
Page 84: Kalman Filtering Stage
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-6 MiCOM P846 1.3.2 Kalman filtering stage The advantage and superiority of this filtering technique in the present application i s its capability to provide signal components at spectral frequencies other than the fundamental and its harmonics. More specifically, its benefits are: It is possible to make the Kalman filter self-tuned to the fundamental frequency without any hardware modification.
Page 85: Preprocessing Stage
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-7 P4088ENa Figure 4: Frequency response of the Kalman-filter used in the DLO The fundamental positive and negative sequence voltage and current phasors and the DC components are the signals that are transferred from the Kalman filter to the next stage of the algorithm, the preprocessor.
Page 86: Fuzzy-Logic Engine Stage
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-8 MiCOM P846 1.3.4 Fuzzy-logic engine stage Although fast and reliable relaying algorithms can be achieved by applying conventional Boolean logic, conflicts may arise in doubtful cases. For instance, during line energization at no-load, CVT (Capacitive Voltage Transformers) induced electro-magnetic transients may suggest that the active power is not zero (line closed) while the line is actually open.
Page 87: Fuzzy Logic Inference On The Decision Features, Using Sixteen Rules Or Criteria
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-9 Figure 6: Fuzzification of two decision features 1.3.4.2 Fuzzy logic inference on the decision features, using sixteen rules or criteria The inference engine contains 16 rules unevenly divided into 11 rules for detecting the open- line status under various circumstances (’Open’...
Page 88 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-10 MiCOM P846 Fortunately, even though this critical operating point is feasible, it is very sensitive for short lines (30 km), the typical sensitivities being 45% per degree of angle shift and 25% Mvar per unit of voltage ratio. The above considerations suggest therefore that even though the critical operating point is feasible, it is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to sustain in steady-state.
Page 89: Crisp Decision Sent To The Output
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-11 The fuzzy rules operate according to physical principles. For example, we may define with fuzzy variables "Active power" and "DeltaP" presented in figure 6 the following rules: A steady state rule for security:...
Page 90: Operation Of Non Protection Functions
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-12 MiCOM P846 OPERATION OF NON PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Trip LED logic As previously mentioned in section 1.1, the DLO is made for monitoring the status of a transmission line. Upon detection of an open line, the DLO will close its Output contact R3 and will keep it open when the line is closed.
Page 91: Loss Of All Three Phase Voltages Under Load Conditions
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-13 2.2.1 Loss of one or two phase voltages The VTS feature within the relay rates on detection of negative phase sequence (nps voltage without the presence of nega tive phase sequence current. This gives operation fo the loss of one or two phase voltages.
Page 92: Cvt Asymmetry Detection
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-14 MiCOM P846 • VA>, VB>, VC> level detectors are operating on phase volta ges and have fixed setting: • Pickup level 30V (Vn 100/120V) or 120V (380/440V) • Drop off level 10V (Vn 100/120V) or 40V (Vn 380/440V) •...
Page 93: Pole Dead Logic
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-15 The DLO provides a mean to detec t asymmetry of the CVT measurements and to output an alarm when a settable threshold is exceeded. The asymmetry is detected with the following index: Asymmetry index: based on the positive and negative sequence voltages.
Page 94: Circuit Breaker State Monitoring
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-16 MiCOM P846 INTSIG Phase A Undercurrent Operation 20ms INTSIG Phase A Undervoltage Operation & DDB Pole Dead A (355) DDB CB Open A ph (775) INTSIG Phase B Undercurrent Operation 20ms INTSIG Phase B Undervoltage Operation &...
Page 95 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-17 Should both sets of contacts be closed, only one of the following two conditions would apply: − Auxiliary contacts / wiring defective − Circuit Breaker (CB) is defective If any of the above conditions exist, an alarm will be issued after a 5s time delay. A n...
Page 96 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-18 MiCOM P846 P1116ENh Figure 12: Circuit breaker state monitoring...
Page 97: Circuit Breaker Control
Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-19 Circuit breaker control The relay includes the following options fo r control of a single circuit breaker: • Local tripping and closing, via the relay menu or hotkeys • Local tripping and closing, via relay opto-isolated inputs •...
Page 98 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-20 MiCOM P846 For a manual reclosure there is a CB Healthy check if required. This facility accepts an input to one of the relays opto-isolators to indicate that the breaker is capable of closing (circuit breaker energy for example).
Page 99 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-21 Disable SET: CB Control by Local Remote Local & remote Opto Local & Opto Remote & Opto Enable opto initiated CB trip and close Local & Remote & Opto DDB Control Trip (698)
Page 100: Cb Control Using Hotkeys
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-22 MiCOM P846 2.7.1 CB control using hotkeys The hotkeys allow direct access to the manual trip and close commands, bypassing the SYSTEM DATA menu. Select TRIP or CLOSE, then confirm. If a trip is executed a screen with the CB status appears once the command has been completed.
Page 101 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-23 The Control Input commands can be found in the ‘Control Input’ menu. In the ‘Ctrl. Ι/P status’ menu cell there is a 32 bit word which represent the 32 control input commands. The status of the 32 control inputs can be read from this 32-bit word.
Page 102: Changing Setting Groups
P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-24 MiCOM P846 Changing setting groups The setting groups can be changed either via opto inputs or via a menu selection. In the Configuration column if ‘Setting Group – select via optos’ is selected then optos 1 and 2, which are dedicated for setting group selection, can be used to select the setting group as shown in the table below.
Page 103 Operation P846/EN OP/D MiCOM P846 (OP) 5-25 To avoid the event buffer from being filled with unnecessary time sync. events, it is possible to ignore any event that is generated by the time sync. opto input. This can be done by...
Page 104 P846/EN OP/D Operation (OP) 5-26 MiCOM P846...
Page 105 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 APPLICATION NOTES Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 106 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes MiCOM P846...
Page 107 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-1 CONTENTS (AP) 6- INTRODUCTION Protection of power systems APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Open line detector function Application Setting guidelines DLO simulator and some test cases 2.4.1 Typical test cases AUXILIARY SUPPLY FUSE RATING...
Page 108 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 109: Introduction
Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-3 INTRODUCTION Protection of power systems Modern power systems are operating nearer to their stability limits, in order to meet the increased demands from a deregulated market. In order to operate closer to these limits, fast discriminatory protection is required to detect and react quickly to changes in the power system.
Page 110: Application Of Individual Protection Functions
P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-4 MiCOM P846 APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS The following sections detail the individual protection functions in addition to where and how they may be applied. Open line detector function Traditional methods for detecting an open line condition are the following: Trip signals coming from line protection relays: It consists in monitoring all protection signals likely to order the opening of the line.
Page 111 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-5 Vbase Base Power Line Charging Line Charging Line Charging (kV) (MW) (MVar/km) (p.u./km) (km/p.u.) 0.047 0.00131 0.062 0.00129 0.081 0.00125 0.160 0.00125 0.178 0.00128 0.532 0.00127 1.12 0.00129 2081 2.67 0.00128 2276 2.92...
Page 112: Setting Guidelines
P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-6 MiCOM P846 The DLO must detect the open-close status of a line at both ends for the Reliability: following categories of phenomena: − Line closing or opening at local end (with or without a shunt reactor connected) −...
Page 113: Dlo Simulator And Some Test Cases
DLO simulator and some test cases The DLOSimulator is a program that s imulates and reproduces the exact behavior of the MiCOM P846 relay. It is running on Windows and either processes Comtrade and Matlab data files. The user si mulates test cases with the graphical interface GUI shown on figure 2.
Page 114 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-8 MiCOM P846 Figure 2: DLOSimulator graphical user interface 1 – Input data file A – Format Two types of data files are possible Matlab: extension .mat Comtrade (ASCII or binary): extensions .cfg and .dat B –...
Page 115 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-9 Matlab files default names: Variable name for time: t Seconds Variable name for vabc: vabc (matrix) or [va vb vc] (3 vectors) Volts Variable name for iabc: iabc (matrix) or [ia ib ic] (3 vectors)
Page 116: Typical Test Cases
P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-10 MiCOM P846 2.4.1 Typical test cases Test cases 1 to 5 show the performance of the DLO for five different situations. For each of these, the line voltages, the feeder breaker currents and the shunt reactor currents are plotted as the relay analog inputs while the fault detector signal and open line decision are the two digital outputs.
Page 117 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-11 A long line being closed and opened at the local end while remote end is kept Case 2: open. Line parameters: Nominal frequency (Hz): 60.0 Nominal line voltage (kV): Line charging (MVar):...
Page 118 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-12 MiCOM P846 Short line with low transit being opened (no fault) at remote end Case 3: Line parameters: Nominal frequency (Hz): 60.0 Nominal line voltage (kV): Line charging (MVar): Line base power (MVA): 2081...
Page 119 Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-13 Long line with normal transit being opened at both ends to clear a fault Case 4: Line parameters: Nominal frequency (Hz): 60.0 Nominal line voltage (kV): Line charging (MVar): Line base power (MVA):...
Page 120 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-14 MiCOM P846 Case 5: 100% shunt compensated line with normal transit being opened at both ends Line parameters: Nominal frequency (Hz): 60.0 Nominal line voltage (kV): Line charging (MVar): Line base power (MVA): 2081...
Page 121: Auxiliary Supply Fuse Rating
Application Notes P846/EN AP/D MiCOM P846 (AP) 6-15 AUXILIARY SUPPLY FUSE RATING In the Safety section of this manual, the maximum allowable fuse rating of 16A is quoted. To allow time grading with fuses upstream, a lower fuselink current rating is often preferable.
Page 122 P846/EN AP/D Application Notes (AP) 6-16 MiCOM P846...
Page 123 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846(xx = 01 – 07)
Page 124 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic MiCOM P846...
Page 125 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-1 CONTENTS (PL) 7- PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC Overview S1 Px40 PSL editor How to use MiCOM ALSTOM Px40 PSL editor Warnings Toolbar and commands 1.5.1 Standard tools 1.5.2 Alignment tools 1.5.3 Drawing tools 1.5.4 Nudge tools 1.5.5...
Page 126 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 127: Programmable Logic
To access the Px40 PSL Editor menu click on The PSL Editor module enables you to connect to any MiCOM ALSTOM device front port, retrieve and edit its Programmable Scheme Logic files and send the modified file back to a...
Page 128 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-4 MiCOM P846 How to use MiCOM ALSTOM Px40 PSL editor With the Px40 PSL Module you can: • Start a new PSL diagram • Extract a PSL file from a Px40 IED • Open a diagram from a PSL file •...
Page 129: Standard Tools
Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-5 1.5.1 Standard tools • For file management and printing. 1.5.2 Alignment tools • To snap logic elements into horizontally or vertically aligned groupings. 1.5.3 Drawing tools • To add text comments and other annotations, for easier reading of PSL schemes.
Page 130 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-6 MiCOM P846 Output Use an output from PSL to drive a fixed logic scheme. Control In Create an input signal to logic that can be operated from an external command. Fault Record Trigger Create a fault record trigger.
Page 131: Opto Signal Properties
Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-7 Rules for Linking Symbols Links can only be started from the output of a signal, gate, or conditioner, and can only be ended on an input to any element. Since signals can only be either an input or an output then the concept is somewhat different.
Page 132: Control In Signal Properties
P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-8 MiCOM P846 1.6.5 Control in signal properties Control In There are 32 control inputs which can be activated via the relay menu or rear communications. When the control input is activated an associated DDB within the PSL will be asserted high.
Page 133: Led Conditioner Properties
Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-9 1.6.9 LED conditioner properties Each LED can be conditioned to be latching or non-latching. 1. Select the LED name from the LED Name list (only shown when inserting a new symbol). 2. Select if the LED should be latching using the Latching check box.
Page 134: Timer Properties
P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-10 MiCOM P846 1. Select the contact name from the Contact Name list (only shown when inserting a new symbol). 2. Choose the conditioner type required in the Mode tick list. 3. Set the Pickup Time (in milliseconds), if required.
Page 135 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-11 1. Select the Gate type AND, OR, or Programmable. 2. Set the number of inputs to trigger when Programmable is selected. 3. Select if the output of the gate should be inverted using the Invert Output check box. An...
Page 136: Description Of Logic Nodes
P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-12 MiCOM P846 Description of logic nodes DDB No. English Text Source Description Signal which shows the state of output relay 1 Output Label 1 (settable) Output Conditioner (0 = de-energized, 1 = energized) Signal which shows the state of output relay 2 to 32 Output Label 2 …...
Page 137 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-13 DDB No. English Text Source Description 273 - 283 Reserved F out of range Frequency Tracking Frequency Not Found by the frequency tracking 285 - 301 Reserved Triggers User Alarm 1 message to be alarmed on LCD...
Page 138 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-14 MiCOM P846 DDB No. English Text Source Description Commissioning Tests - automatically places relay in Test Mode Test Mode For IEC-870-5-103 protocol only, used for "Command Command Blocking Blocking" (relay ignores SCADA commands) For IEC-870-5-103 protocol only, used for "Monitor Monitor Blocking Blocking"...
Page 139: Factory Default Programmable Scheme Logic
Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-15 DDB No. English Text Source Description tBF2 Trip 3Ph - three phase output from circuit Bfail2 Trip 3ph CB Fail breaker failure logic, stage 2 timer 696 - 697 reserved Control Trip – operator trip instruction to the circuit...
Page 140 P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-16 MiCOM P846 1.8.1 Relay output contact mapping The default mappings for each of the relay output contacts are as shown in the following table: Relay Contact P846 Relay Text Function Number Output R1 CVT Alarm output...
Page 141 Programmable Logic P846/EN PL/D MiCOM P846 (PL) 7-17 PSL DATA column The P846 relay contains information to assist in the tracking of changes to the application specific PSL. In conjunction with the password control of the relay, it will provide security against changes to protection scheme operation caused by PSL modification by unauthorized personnel.
Page 142: P846 Programmable Scheme Logic
P846/EN PL/D Programmable Logic (PL) 7-18 MiCOM P846 P846 PROGRAMMABLE SCHEME LOGIC Output Relay Mappings Open Line Detect Output R3 Straight DDB #360 DDB #002 Fault Detected Fault REC TRIG DDB #361 DDB #691 Output R1 Straight DDB #000 CVT Alarm...
Page 143 Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 144 P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846...
Page 145 Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-1 CONTENTS (MR) 8- MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING Introduction Event & fault records 1.2.1 Types of event 1.2.1.1 Change of state of opto-isolated inputs 1.2.1.2 Change of state of one or more output relay contacts 1.2.1.3...
Page 146 P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-2...
Page 147: Measurements And Recording
Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-3 MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING Introduction The P846 is equipped with integral measurements, event, fault and disturbance recording facilities suitable for analysis of complex system disturbances. The relay is flexible enough to allow for the programming of these facilities to specific user application requirements and are discussed below.
Page 148: Types Of Event
P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-4 For extraction from a remote source via communications, refer to the SCADA Communications chapter (P846/EN SC), where the procedure is fully explained. 1.2.1 Types of event An event may be a change of state of a control input or output relay, an alarm condition, setting change etc.
Page 149: Protection Element Starts And Trips
Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-5 Alarm Condition Event Text Event Value Battery Fail Battery Fail ON/OFF Bit position 0 in 32 bit field Field Voltage Fail Field Volt Fail ON/OFF Bit position 1 in 32 bit field Setting Group via Opto Setting Grp.
Page 150: Maintenance Reports
LCD. The following shows an example of how various events appear when displayed using MiCOM S1: - Monday 03 January 2006 15:32:4 9 GMT Open Line Detect ON ALSTOM: MiCOM P846 Model Number: P846318 B4M0310J Address: 001 Column: 0F Row: 2B...
Page 151 Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-7 - Monday 03 January 2005 15:33:11 GMT Logic Inputs ALSTOM: MiCOM P846 Model Number: P846318B4M0300J Address: 001 Column: 00 Row: 20 Event Type: Logic input changed state Event Value: 0000111000001010 - Monday 03 January 2005 15:34:54 GMT Output Contacts...
Page 152: Disturbance Recorder
P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-8 Disturbance recorder The integral disturbance record er has an area of memory specifically set aside for record torag e. The number of records that may be stored by the relay is dependent upon the selected recording duration.
Page 153: Measurements
Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-9 Setting Range Menu Text Default Setting Step Size Min. Max. No Trigger except Dedicated Trip Inputs 1 to 32 Trigger Relay O/P’s which No Trigger, Trigger L/H, Trigger H/L are set to Trigger Any of the digital channels may be selected to trigger the disturbance recorder on either a low to high or a high to low transition.
Page 154 P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-10 1.4.1 Measured voltages and currents The relay produces both phase to ground and phase to phase voltage and current values. They are produced direc tly from the DFT ( Discrete Fourier Transform) used by the relay...
Page 155: Demand Values
Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-11 1.4.5 Demand values The relay produces fixed, rolling and peak demand values, using the reset demand menu cell. It is possible to reset these quantities via the user interface or the remote communications.
Page 156: Measurement Display Quantities
P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-12 Menu Te Default Settings Available settings MEASUREMENT SETUP Roll Sub Period 30 minutes 1 to 99 minutes step 1 minute These two settings ar e used to set the length of the window used for the calculation of rolling demand quantitie Num.
Page 157 Measurements and Recording P846/EN MR/D MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-13 MEASUREMENTS 1 MEASUREMENTS 2 VAN Phase Angle 0 deg. 3 Phase VA Line 0 VAr VBN Magnitude 3Ph PF Li VBN Phase Angle 0 deg. APh PF Line VCN Magnitude BPh PF Line VCN Phase Angle 0 deg.
Page 158 P846/EN MR/D Measurements and Recording MiCOM P846 (MR) 8-14 MEASUREMENTS 3 MEASUREMENTS 4 PP_SkVon Fuzzy Rule 4 PP_kA Fuzzy Rule 5 PP_OldDLO Fuzzy Rule 6 PP_OldFuzzy Fuzzy Rule 7 PP_Startup Fuzzy Rule 8 PP_Fault Fuzzy Rule 9 Fuzzy Rule 10...
Page 159 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 FIRMWARE DESIGN Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 160 P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design MiCOM P846...
Page 161 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-1 CONTENTS (FD) 9- FIRMWARE DESIGN Hardware overview 1.1.1 Processor board 1.1.2 Co-processor board 1.1.3 Input module 1.1.4 Power supply module 1.1.5 IRIG-B board 1.1.6 Second rear comms. board Software overview 1.2.1 Real-time operating system 1.2.2...
Page 162 P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-2 MiCOM P846 1.4.6.1 Programmable s cheme logic 1.4.6.2 Event and fault recording 1.4.6.3 Disturbance recorder 1.4.6.4 Fault locator Fault locator 1.5.1 Basic theory fo r ground faults 1.5.2 Data acquisition and buffer pro cessing 1.5.3...
Page 163: Firmware Design
Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-3 FIRMWARE DESIGN Hardware overview The relay hardware is based on a modular design whereby the relay is made up of an assemblage of several modules that are drawn from a standard range. Some modules are essential while others are optional depending on the user’s requirements.
Page 164: Real-Time Operating System
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-4 MiCOM P846 1.2.1 Real-time operating system The real time operating system is used to provide a framework for the different parts of the relay’s software to operate within. To this end the software is split into tasks.
Page 165 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-5 1.2.2 System services software The system services software provides the low-level control of the relay hardware. For example, the system services software controls the boot of the relay’s software from the non-volatile flash EPROM memory at power-on, and provides driver software for the user interface via the LCD and keypad, and via the serial communication ports.
Page 166 P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-6 MiCOM P846 1.3.2 Co-processor board The processor used on the second board is the same as that used on the main processor board. The second processor board has provision for fast access (zero wait state) SRAM for use with both program and data memory storage.
Page 167: Universal Opto Isolated Logic Inputs
Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-7 Anti-alias filters 8 digital inputs Diffn Optical Optical pass isolator isolator single filter Noise Noise filter filter Buffer Diffn pass single filter Diffn pass single filter 16-bit Serial Buffer interface Serial sample...
Page 168: Power Supply Module (Including Output Relays)
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-8 MiCOM P846 In the Opto Config. menu the nominal battery voltage can be selected for all opto inputs by selecting one of the five standard ratings in the Global Nominal V settings. If Custom is selected then each opto input can individually be set to a nominal voltage value.
Page 169 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-9 The power supply board incorporates inrush current limiting. This limits the peak inrush current, during energization, to approximately 10A. 1.3.5.2 Output relay board The output relay board holds eight relays, six wit h normally open contacts and two with changeover contacts.
Page 170 P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-10 MiCOM P846 Language: Optional IRIG-B Courier always Physical links: Courier Port EIA 232 (EIA232/EIA485) EIA 485 (polarity sensitive) Not used (EIA232) K-Bus (non polarity sensitive) Physical links are s/w selectable P2083ENa Figure 3: Rear comms. port...
Page 171 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-11 1.3.6 Mechanical layout The case materials of the relay are constructed from pre-finished steel that has a conductive covering of aluminum and zinc. This provides good earthing at all joints giving a low impedance path to earth that is essential for performance in the presence of external noise.
Page 172: Relay Software
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-12 MiCOM P846 Protection & Control Measurements and event, fault Software & disturbance records Disturbance recorder task Protection Programable & task fixed scheme logic Platform Software Fourier signal Protection Event, fault, Remote processing algorithms communications...
Page 173 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-13 1.4.3.1 Record logging The logging function is provided to store all alarms, events, faults and maintenance records. The records for all of these incidents are logged in battery backed-up SRAM in order to provide a non-volatile log of what has happened.
Page 174: Fourier Filtering
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-14 MiCOM P846 P4091ENa Figure 5: Frequency response of the DLO Kalman filter 1.4.6 Fourier filtering All backup protection and measurement functions use one cycle fourier digital filtering to extract the power frequency component. This filtering is performed on the main processor board.
Page 175: Event And Fault Recording
Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-15 1.4.6.2 Event and fault recording A change in any digital input signal or protection element output signal causes an event record to be created. When this happens, the protection and control task sends a message to the supervisor task to indicate that an event is available to be processed and writes the event data to a fast buffer in SRAM which is controlled by the supervisor task.
Page 176: Data Acquisition And Buffer Processing
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-16 MiCOM P846 (1–m)Z P0124ENa Figure 6: Two machine equivalent circuit From this diagram: Vp = mΙpZr + ΙfRf …(equation 1) The fault location, m, can be found if Ιf can be estimated allowing equation 1 to be solved.
Page 177: Obtaining The Vectors
Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-17 1.5.4.1 Obtaining the vectors Different sets of vectors are chosen depending on the type of fault identified by the phase selection algorithm. The calculation using equation 1 is applied for either a phase to ground fault or a phase to phase fault.
Page 178: Data Acquisition And Buffer Processing
P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-18 MiCOM P846 i.e.: Phase advanced vector Vp Vp (cos(s) + jsin(s)) * (sin(d) + jcos(d)) Vp [- sin(s-d) + jcos(s-d)] Phase advanced vector ΙpZr ΙpZr (cos (e) + jsin (e)) * (sin (d) + jcos (d)) ΙpZr...
Page 179 Firmware Design P846/EN FD/D MiCOM P846 (FD) 9-19 1.6.1 Start-up self-testing The self-testing which is carried out when the relay is started takes a few seconds to complete, during which time the relay’s protection is unavailable. This is signaled by the ‘Healthy’...
Page 180 P846/EN FD/D Firmware Design (FD) 9-20 MiCOM P846 • The battery status • The level of the field voltage • The integrity of the digital signal I/O dat a from the opto-isolated inputs and the relay contacts is checked by the data acquisition function every time it is executed.
Page 181 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 COMMISSIONING Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 182 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning MiCOM P846...
Page 183 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-1 CONTENTS (CM) 10- INTRODUCTION RELAY COMMISSIONING TOOLS Opto I/P status Relay O/P status Test port status LED status Monitor bits 1 to 8 Test mode Test pattern Contact test Test LEDs 2.10 Using a monitor/download port test box...
Page 184 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-2 MiCOM P846 5.2.8 Rear communi cations port 5.2.8.1 Courier communications 5.2.8.2 DNP 3.0 interface 5.2.9 Second rear comm unications port 5.2.9.1 K-Bus configuration 5.2.9.2 EIA(RS)485 configura tion 5.2.9.3 EIA(RS)232 configuration 5.2.10 Current inputs 5.2.11 Voltage inputs...
Page 185: Introduction
(CM) 10-3 INTRODUCTION The MICOM P846 open line detecting relays are fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection functions in software. The relays employ a high degree of self-checking and, in the unlikely event of a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning tests do not need to be as extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
Page 186: Relay Commissioning Tools
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-4 MiCOM P846 RELAY COMMISSIONING TOOLS To help minimize the time required to test MiCOM relays the relay provides several test facilities under the ‘COMMISSION TESTS’ menu heading. There are menu cells which allow the status of the opto-isolated inputs, output relay contacts, internal digital data bus (DDB) signals and user-programmable LEDs to be monitored.
Page 187: Relay O/P Status
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-5 Relay O/P status This menu cell displays the status of the digital data bus (DDB) signals that result in energization of the output relays as a binary string, a ‘1’ indicating an operated state and ‘0’...
Page 188: Test Mode
A monitor/download port test box containing 8 LEDs and a switchable audible indicator is available from Alstom Grid, or one of their regional sales offices. It is housed in a small plastic box with a 25-pin male D-connector that plugs directly into the relay’s monitor/download port.
Page 189: Setting Familiarization
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-7 SETTING FAMILIARIZATION When commissioning a P846 relay for the first time, sufficient time should be allowed to become familiar with the method by which the settings are applied. The Getting Started section (P846/EN GS) contains a detailed description of the menu structure of P846 relays.
Page 190: Equipment Required For Commissioning
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-8 MiCOM P846 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR COMMISSIONING Minimum equipment required Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set. Multimeter with suitable ac current range, and ac and dc voltage ranges of 0 – 440V and 0 – 250V respectively.
Page 191: Product Checks
Note: In the event that the password has been lost, a recovery password can be obtained from Alstom Grid by quoting the serial number of the relay. The recovery password is unique to that relay and is unlikely to work on any other relay.
Page 192: Current Transformer Shorting Contacts (Optional Check)
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-10 MiCOM P846 Carefully examine the relay to see that no physical damage has occurred since installation. Ensure that the case earthing connections, bottom left-hand corner at the rear of the relay case, are used to connect the relay to a local earth bar using an adequate conductor.
Page 193: Insulation
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-11 Heavy duty terminal block P1042ENa Figure 2: Location of securing screws for heavy duty terminal blocks 5.1.3 Insulation Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be done and they have not been performed during installation.
Page 194: External Wiring
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-12 MiCOM P846 5.1.4 External wiring Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram. Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected. The relay diagram number appears on the rating label under the top access cover on the front of the relay.
Page 195: Lcd Front Panel Display
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-13 5.2.1 Watchdog contacts Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in Table 2 for an energized relay. 5.2.2 LCD front panel display The liquid crystal display is designed to operate in a wide range of substation ambient temperatures.
Page 196 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-14 MiCOM P846 5.2.3.2 Without an IRIG-B signal If the time and date is not being maintained by an IRIG-B signal, ensure that cell [0804: IRIG-B Sync.] is set to ‘Disabled’. Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using cell [0801: DATE and TIME, Date/Time].
Page 197: Input Opto-Isolators
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-15 Terminals Supply Rail P846 +ve (positive) M7 & M8 –ve (positive) M9 & M10 Table 4: Field voltage terminals 5.2.6 Input opto-isolators This test checks that all the opto-isolated inputs on the relay are functioning correctly.
Page 198: Rear Communications Port
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-16 MiCOM P846 5.2.8 Rear communications port This test shou ld only be performed where the relay is to be accessed from a remote location and will vary depending on the commu nications standard being adopted.
Page 199: Eia(Rs)485 Configuration
Check that communications can be established with this relay using the portable PC. 5.2.9.2 EIA(RS)485 configuration If an EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 convertor (Alstom Grid CK222) is installed, con nect a portable PC running the appropriate software (e.g. MiCOM S1) to the EIA(RS)232 side of the...
Page 200: Current Inputs
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-18 MiCOM P846 Connections to the second rear port configured for EIA(RS)232 operation can be made using a screened multi-core communication cable up to 15m long, or a total capacitance of 2500pF. The cable should be terminated at the relay end with a 9-way, metal shelled, D- type male plug.
Page 201 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-19 Cell in MEASUREMENTS 1 column Voltage applied to [021A: VAN Magnitude] D19 – D22 [021C: VBN Magnitude] D20 - D22 [021E: VCN Magnitude] D21 – D22 Table 9: Voltage input terminals The measured voltage values on the relay LCD or a portable PC connected to the front communication port will either be in primary or secondary volts.
Page 202: Setting Checks
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-20 MiCOM P846 SETTING CHECKS The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific relay settings (i.e. both the relay’s function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation, have been correctly applied to the relay.
Page 203: Security Test
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-21 When the relay is energized with no input volts or currents applied, the ‘Open Line Detect’ trip will be active. Connect the three voltage outputs of the test set to the three phase voltage transformer inputs of the relay and apply rated voltage to terminals C19, C20 and C21.
Page 204 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-22 MiCOM P846 − Step through the settings using the relay’s operator interface and compare them with the original application-specific setting record. Ensure that all protection elements required have been ENABLED in the CONFIGURATION column. Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the application-specific programmable scheme...
Page 205: On-Load Checks
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-23 ON-LOAD CHECKS The objectives of the on-load checks are to: − Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct. − Check the polarity of the line current transformers at each end is consistent.
Page 206: Current Connections
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-24 MiCOM P846 7.1.2 Current connections Measure the current transformer secondary values for each input using a multimeter connected in series with the corresponding relay current input. Check that the current transformer polarities are correct by measuring the phase angle...
Page 207: Final Checks
Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-25 FINAL CHECKS The tests are now complete. Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform the wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections (wiring, fuses and links) are replaced in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
Page 208: Commissioning Test Record
P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-26 MiCOM P846 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD Date: Engineer: Station: Circuit: System Frequency: VT Ratio: CT Ratio (tap in use): Front Plate Information Open Line Detector Relay P846 Model number Serial number Rated current In Rated voltage Vn...
Page 209 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-27 *Delete as appropriate Have all relevant safety instructions been Yes* followed? Product Checks With the relay de-energized 5.1.1 Visual inspection Relay damaged? Yes* Rating information correct for installation? Yes* Case earth installed? Yes* Yes* 5.1.2...
Page 210 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-28 MiCOM P846 5.2.4 Light emitting diodes Alarm (yellow) LED working? Yes* Out of service (yellow) LED working? Yes* 5.2.4.3 All 18 programmable LEDs working? Yes* 5.2.5 Field supply voltage Value measured between terminals 8 and 9 V dc 5.2.6...
Page 211 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-29 Yes* Opto input 22 working? N/A* Yes* Opto input 23 working? N/A* Yes* Opto input 24 working? N/A* 5.2.7 Output relays Relay 1 working? Yes* Relay 2 working? Yes* Relay 3 working? Yes*...
Page 212 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-30 MiCOM P846 Yes* Relay 23 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 24 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 25 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 26 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 27 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 28 working? N/A* Yes* Relay 29...
Page 213 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-31 5.2.10 Voltage inputs Displayed voltage Primary* Secondary* Main VT ratio N/A* Input VT Applied Value isp yed val Setting Checks Application-spec ific function settings applied? Yes* Yes* Application-specific programmable scheme logic settings applied?
Page 214 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-32 MiCOM P846 Yes* Circuit breaker operations counter reset? N/A* Yes* Current counters reset? N/A* Event records reset? Yes* Fault records reset? Yes* Disturbance records reset? Yes* Alarms reset? Yes* LEDs reset? Yes* Yes* Secondary front cover replaced?
Page 215 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-33 COMMENTS # (# Optional, for site observations or utility-specific notes). Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness Date: Date:...
Page 216 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-34 MiCOM P846 SETTING RECORD Date: Engineer: Station: Circuit: System Frequency: VT Ratio: CT Ratio (tap in use): Front Plate Information Open line detection relay P846 Model number Serial number Rated current In Rated voltage Vn...
Page 217 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-35 0700 CONTROL Disabled* Local* Remote* 0701 CB Control by Local + Remote* Opto* Opto + Remote* Opto + Rem. + Local 0702 Close Pulse Time 0703 Trip Pulse Time 0705 Man Close Delay...
Page 218 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-36 MiCOM P846 0A00 CT AND VT R ATIOS 0A01 Main VT Prim 0A02 Main VT Sec' 0A07 Phase Primary 0A08 Phase Sec'y. 0A10 Phase CT2 Prim’y 0A11 Phase CT2 Sec'y. 0AF0 CVT Enable Disabled* Enabled*...
Page 219 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-37 0C00 DISTURB. REC ORDER 0C10 Digital Input 3 No Trigger* Trigger L – H* 0C11 Input 3 Trigger Trigger H – L* 0C12 Digital Input 4 No Trigger* Trigger L – H* 0C13...
Page 220 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-38 MiCOM P846 0C00 DISTURB. RECORDER 0C2A Digital Input 16 No Trigger* Trigger L – H* 0C2B Input 16 Trigger Trigger H – L* 0C2C Digital Input 17 No Trigg Trigger L – H* 0C2D Input 17 Trigger Trigger H –...
Page 221 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-39 0D00 MEASURE’T. SETUP 0D08 Num. Sub Periods 0D09 Distance Unit Kilometers* Miles* 0D0A Fault Location Distance* Ohms* % of Line* 0E00 COMMUNICAT IONS 0E01 RP1 Protocol Courier* DNP3.0* 0E02 RP1 Address 0E03 RP1 InactivTimer...
Page 222 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-40 MiCOM P846 1100 OPTO CONFIG. 1108 Opto Input 7 1109 Opto Input 8 110A Opto Input 9 110B Opto Input 10 110C Opto Input 11 110D Opto Input 12 110E Opto Input 13 110F Opto Input 14...
Page 223 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-41 1300 CTRL. I/P CONFIG. 1331 Ctrl Command 9 1334 Control Input 10 Latched* Pulsed* 1335 Ctrl Command 10 1338 Control Input 11 Latched Pulsed* 1339 Ctrl Command 11 133C Control Input 12 Latched*...
Page 224 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-42 MiCOM P846 1300 CTRL. I/P CONFIG. 1381 Ctrl Command 29 1384 Control Input 30 Latched* Pulsed* 1385 Ctrl Command 30 1388 Control Input 31 Latched* 1389 Ctrl Command 31 138C Control Input 32 Latched* Pulsed*...
Page 225 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-43 2900 CNTRL. I/P LABELS 2920 Control Input 3000 LINE PARAM ETERS Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 1 Se ttings Settin Settings Settings Settings 4702 Line Length 4703 Line Impedance...
Page 226 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-44 MiCOM P846 4A00 INPUT LABELS 4A13 Opto Input 19 4A14 Opto Input 20 4A15 Opto Input 21 4A16 Opto Input 22 4A17 Opto Input 23 4A18 Opto Input 24 4B00 OUTPUT LABELS Group 1 Group...
Page 227 Commissioning P846/EN CM/D MiCOM P846 (CM) 10-45 4B00 OUTPUT LABELS 4B1F Relay 31 4B20 Relay 32 miss ioning Engineer Customer Witness Date: ate:...
Page 228 P846/EN CM/D Commissioning (CM) 10-46 MiCOM P846...
Page 229 Maintenance P846/EN MT/D MiCOM P846 MAINTENANCE Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 230 P846/EN MT/D Maintenance MiCOM P846...
Page 231 1.2.1 Alarms 1.2.2 Opto-isolators 1.2.3 Output relays 1.2.4 Measurement accuracy Method of repair 1.3.1 MiCOM P846 relay 1.3.1.1 Replacing the complete relay 1.3.1.2 Replacing a PCB Re-calibration 1.4.1 P846 relay Changing the relay battery 1.5.1 Instructions for replacing the battery 1.5.2...
Page 232 P846/EN MT/D Maintenance (MT) 11-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 233 In view of the critical nature of protective relays and their infrequent operation, it is desirable to confirm that they are operating correctly at regular intervals. Alstom Grid protective relays are designed for a life in excess of 20 years. MiCOM relays are self-supervizing and so require less maintenance than earlier designs of relay.
Page 234 Method of repair 1.3.1 MiCOM P846 relay If the relay should develop a fault whilst in service, depending on the nature of the fault, the watchdog contacts will change state and an alarm condition will be flagged. Due to the extensive use of surface-mount components faulty PCBs should be replaced, as it is not possible to perform repairs on damaged circuits.
Page 235 Service Centers approved by Alstom Grid. Failure to obtain the authorization of Alstom Grid After Sales Engineers prior to commencing work may invalidate the product warranty. Before removing the front panel to replace a PCB the auxiliary supply must be removed, and wait 5 s for capacitors to discharge.
Page 236 P846/EN MT/D Maintenance (MT) 11-6 MiCOM P846 Ensure that the batte ry is securely held in its socket and that the battery terminals are making good contact w ith the metal termina ls of the socket. Close the bottom access cover.
Page 237 Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 TROUBLESHOOTING Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 238 P846/EN TS/D Troubleshooting MiCOM P846...
Page 239 Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 (TS) 12-1 CONTENTS (TS) 12- INTRODUCTION INITIAL PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION POWER UP ERRORS ERROR MESSAGE/CODE ON POWER-UP OUT OF SERVICE LED ILLUMINATED ON POWER UP ERROR CODE DURING OPERATION MAL-OPERATION OF THE RELAY DURING TESTING Failure of output contacts...
Page 240 P846/EN TS/D Troubleshooting (TS) 12-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 241: Introduction
Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 (TS) 12-3 INTRODUCTION Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label The purpose of this section of the service manual is to allow an error condition on the r elay to be identified so that appropriate corrective action can be taken.
Page 242: Error Message/Code On Power-Up
Other error codes relate to problems within actual error. the main processor board hardware or software. It will be necessary to contact Alstom Grid with details of the problem for a full analysis. Relay displays message The power up tests have detected corrupted...
Page 243 Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 (TS) 12-5 Test Check Action Relay resets on completion of Error 0x0E080000, programmable scheme power up - record error code logic error due to excessive execution time. displayed Restore default settings by performing a power up with ⇐ and ⇒ keys depressed, confirm restoration of defaults at prompt using ↵...
Page 244: Out Of Service Led Illuminated On Power Up
P846/EN TS/D Troubleshooting (TS) 12-6 MiCOM P846 OUT OF SERVICE LED ILLUMINATED ON POWER UP Test Check Action Using the relay menu confirm If the setting is Enabled then disable the test whether the Commission Test/Test mode and, verify that the Out of Service LED Mode setting is Enabled.
Page 245: Error Code During Operation
Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 (TS) 12-7 ERROR CODE DURING OPERATION The relay performs continuous self-checking. If an error is detected then an error message will be displayed, a maintenance record will be logged and the relay will reset (after a 1.6 second delay).
Page 246: Mal-Operation Of The Relay During Testing
P846/EN TS/D Troubleshooting (TS) 12-8 MiCOM P846 MAL-OPERATION OF THE RELAY DURING TESTING Failure of output contacts An apparent failure of the relay output contacts may be caused by the relay configuration; the following tests should be performed to identify the real cause of the failure. Note that the relay self-tests verify that the coil of the contact has been energized, an error will be displayed if there is a fault in the output relay board.
Page 247 Troubleshooting P846/EN TS/D MiCOM P846 (TS) 12-9 Incorrect analog signals The measurements may be configured in primary or secondary to assist. If it is suspected that the analog quantities being measured by the relay are not correct then the measurement function of the relay can be used to verify the nature of the problem.
Page 248: Repair And Modification Procedure
P846/EN TS/D Troubleshooting (TS) 12-10 MiCOM P846 REPAIR AND MODIFICATION PROCEDURE Please follow these 5 steps to return an Automation product to us: 1. Get the Repair and Modification Authorization Form (RMA) To obtain an electronic version of the RMA form, please visit the following URL: www.alstom.com/grid/productrepair...
Page 249 Repair/Modification Return Authorization Form FIELDS IN GREY TO BE FILLED IN BY Alstom Grid PERSONNEL ONLY Reference RMA: Date: Repair Center Address (for shipping) Service Type LSC PO No.: Retrofit Warranty Paid service Under repair contract Wrong supply Alstom Grid...
Page 250 Please fax/e-mail a copy of the appropriate documentation (M). Please ensure the Purchase Order is released, for paid service, to allow the unit to be shipped. Alstom Grid Submission of equipment to is deemed as authorization to repair and acceptance of quote.
Page 251 SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 SCADA COMMUNICATIONS Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 252 P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications MiCOM P846...
Page 253 SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-1 CONTENTS (SC) 13- SCADA COMMUNICATIONS Introduction Rear port information and connection advice – EIA(RS)485 protocols 1.2.1 Rear communication port EIA(RS)485 interface 1.2.1.1 EIA(RS)485 bus 1.2.1.2 Bus termination 1.2.1.3 Bus connections & topologies 1.2.1.4...
Page 254 P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-2 MiCOM P846 FIGURES Figure 1: EIA(RS)485 bus connection arrangements Figure 2: Remote communication connection arrange ments Figure 3: Second rear port K-Bus application Figure 4: Second rear port EIA(RS)485 examp Figure 5: Second rear port EIA(RS)232 example...
Page 255: Scada Communications
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-3 SCADA COMMUNICATIONS Introduction This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of the MiCOM relay. The relay supports a choice of one of five protocols via the rear communication interface, selected via the model number when ordering. This is in addition to the front serial interface and 2 rear communications port, which supports the Courier protocol only.
Page 256: Biasing
• As the field voltage is much higher than that required, Alstom Grid cannot assume responsibility for any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect application of this voltage.
Page 257: Courier Communication
To use the rear port to communicate with a PC-based master station using Courier, a KITZ K-Bus to EIA(RS)232 protocol converter is required. This unit is available from Alstom Grid. A typical connection arrangement is shown in Figure 2. For more detailed information on other possible connection arrangements refer to the manual for the Courier master station software and the manual for the KITZ protocol converter.
Page 258: Dnp3.0 Communication
P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-6 MiCOM P846 Move down the ‘Communications’ column from the column heading to the first cell down which indicates the communica tion protocol: Protocol Courier The next cell down the column controls the address of the relay:...
Page 259: Fiber Optic Converter
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-7 Up to 32 relays can be connected to one DNP 3.0 spur, and therefore it is necessary for each relay to have a unique address so that m essages from he ma er control station are accepted by only one relay.
Page 260 P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-8 MiCOM P846 REAR PORT2 (RP2) The next cell down indicates the language, which is fixed at Courier for RP2. RP2 protocol Courier The next cell down indicates the status of the hardware, e.g. RP2 card statu EIA(RS)232 OK The next cell allows for selection of the port configuration.
Page 261 SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-9 RP2 baud rate 19200 Courier communications is asynchronous. Three baud rates are supported by the relay, ‘9600 bits/s’, ‘19200 bits/s’ and ‘38400 bits/s’. “K-Bus Application” e xa ple Master 2 Master 1...
Page 262 P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-10 MiCOM P846 “EIA(RS)232 Application” example Master 2 Master 1 Note: 1 RP could be any chosen protocol, 2 RP is always Courier To SCADA R.T.U. modem odem EIA232 EIA232 EIA232 EIA485 CK222 EIA232 splitter...
Page 263: Courier Interface
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-11 COURIER INTERFACE Courier protocol K-Bus is based on EIA(RS)485 voltage levels with HDLC FM0 encoded synchronous signaling and its own frame format. The K-Bus twisted pair connection is unpolarized, whereas the EIA(RS)485 and EIA(RS)232 interfaces are polarized.
Page 264 P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-12 MiCOM P846 Execute Setting Reset Menu Cell Set Value Control Commands Select Setting Group Change Device Address* Set Real Time Note: Commands indicated with a * are not supporte d via the front Courier port.
Page 265: Setting Transfer Mode
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-13 2.4.1 Setting transfer mode If it is necessary to transfer all of the relay settings to or from the relay a cell within the communication system data c olumn can be used. This cell (location BF03) when set to 1 makes all of the relay settings visible.
Page 266: Manual Event Record Extraction
P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-14 MiCOM P846 The menu database, P 846/EN MD, contains a table of the events created by the relay and ntents of the above fields are interpreted. Fault records and indicates how the co maintenance records will return a Courier Type 3 event, which contains the above fields together with two additional fields: −...
Page 267: Programmable Scheme Logic Settings
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-15 Programmable scheme logic settings The programmable scheme logic (PSL) settings can be uploaded from and downloaded to the relay using the block transfer mechanism defined in Chapter 12 of the Courier User Guide.
Page 268: Dnp3.0 Interface
P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-16 MiCOM P846 DNP3.0 INTERFACE DNP3.0 protocol The des criptions given here are intended to accompany the device profile document that is included in the menu database, P846/EN MD. The D NP3.0 protocol is not described here, please refer to the documentation available from the u ser group.
Page 269: Object 20 Binary Counters
SCADA Communications P846/EN SC/D MiCOM P846 (SC) 13-17 Examples of object 10 poin ts that maybe reported as off-line are: − Activate setting groups - Ensure setting groups are enabled − CB trip/close - Ensure remote CB control is enabled −...
Page 270: Object 20
P846/EN SC/D SCADA Communications (SC) 13-18 MiCOM P846 3.7.1 Object 1 For every point included in the device profile document there is a che ck box for membership of class 0 and radio buttons for class 1, 2 or 3 membership. Any point that is in class 0 must be a member of one of the change event classes 1, 2 or 3.
Page 271 Symbols and Glossary P846/EN SG/D MiCOM P846 SYMBOLS AND GLOSSARY Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 272 P846/EN SG/D Symbols and Glossary MiCOM P846...
Page 273 Symbols and Glossary P846/EN SG/D MiCOM P846 (SG) 14-1 Symbol Explanation < Less than: Used to indicate an “under” threshold, such as undercurrent (current dropout). > Greater than: Used to indicate an “over” threshold, such as overcurrent (current overload). &...
Page 274 P846/EN SG/D Symbols and Glossary (SG) 14-2 MiCOM P846 Symbol Explanation Full load current: The nominal rated c urrent for the circuit. Flt. Abbreviation of “Fault”: Typically used to indicate faulted ph ase selection. Fwd. Indicates an element responding to a flow in the “Forward” di rection.
Page 275 Symbols and Glossary P846/EN SG/D MiCOM P846 (SG) 14-3 Symbol Explanation A “miniature circuit breaker”: Used instead of a fuse to protect VT secondary circuits. Not applicable. A normally closed or “break” contact: Often called a “form B” contact. A normally open or “make” co ntact: Often called a “form A”...
Page 276 P846/EN SG/D Symbols and Glossary (SG) 14-4 MiCOM P846 Symbol Explanation Phase A voltage: Might be phase L1, red phase.. or other, in customer terminology. Phase B voltage: Might be phase L2, yellow phase.. or other, in customer terminology. Phase C voltage: Might be phase L3, blue phase..
Page 277 Symbols and Glossary P846/EN SG/D MiCOM P846 (SG) 14-5 Logic Timers Logic Explanation Time Chart Symbols INPUT OUTPUT Delay on pick-up timer, t INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT Delay on drop-off timer, t INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT Delay on pick-up/drop-off timer...
Page 278 P846/EN SG/D Symbols and Glossary (SG) 14-6 MiCOM P846 Logic Explanation Time Chart Symbols INPUT Dwell OUTPUT Dwell timer Timer INPUT OUTPUT INPUT Straight (non latching): Straight Hold value until input reset signal OUTPUT...
Page 279 Symbols and Glossary P846/EN SG/D MiCOM P846 (SG) 14-7 Logic Gates AND GATE Symbol Truth Table Symbol Truth Table Symbol Truth Table & & & OR GATE Symbol Truth Table Symbol Truth Table Symbol Truth Table R - S FLIP-FLOP...
Page 280 P846/EN SG/D Symbols and Glossary (SG) 14-8 MiCOM P846...
Page 281 Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 INSTALLATION Date: June 2011 Hardware Suffix: Software Version: Connection Diagrams: 10P846xx (xx = 01 to 07)
Page 282 P846/EN IN/D Installation MiCOM P846...
Page 283 Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-1 CONTENTS (IN) 15- RECEIPT OF RELAYS HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT STORAGE UNPACKING RELAY MOUNTING Rack mounting Panel mounting RELAY WIRING Medium and heavy duty terminal block connections EIA(RS)485 port IRIG-B connections (if applicable)
Page 284 P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-2 MiCOM P846...
Page 285: Receipt Of Relays
Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-3 RECEIPT OF RELAYS On receipt, examine relays immediately to ensure there has been no external damage in transit. If there is any damage, make a claim to the transport contractor and promptly notify Alstom Grid.
Page 286: Storage
P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-4 MiCOM P846 STORAGE If relays are not to be installed immediately on receipt, they should be stored in a place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier bags have been included in the packing they should be retained.
Page 287: Relay Mounting
Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-5 RELAY MOUNTING MiCOM relays are dispatched either individually or as part of a panel/rack assembly. Individual relays are normally supplied with an outline diagram showing the dimensions for panel cutouts and hole centers.
Page 288 P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-6 MiCOM P846 Note: Conventional self-tapping screws, including those supplied for mounting MIDOS relays, have marginally larger heads which can damage the front cover moulding if used. Once the tier is complete, the frames are fastened into the racks using mounting angles at each end of the tier.
Page 289 Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-7 Panel mounting The relays can be flush mounted into panels using M4 SEMS Taptite self-tapping screws with captive 3mm thick washers (also known as a SEMS unit). These fastenings are available in packs of 5 (our part number ZA0005 104).
Page 290: Relay Wiring
If required, Alstom Grid can supply M4 90° crimp ring terminals in three different sizes depending on wire size (see Table 3). Each type is available in bags of 100.
Page 291 Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-9 EIA(RS)485 port Connections to the EIA(RS)485 port are made using ring terminals. It is recommended that a 2 core screened cable is used with a maximum total length of 1000m or 200nF total cable capacitance.
Page 292 P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-10 MiCOM P846 Outputs Relay outputs (1-4) are Normally Open standard contact and Fast Closing contact Relay outputs (5-6) are Normally Open standard contact Relay outputs (7-8) are Normally Open/ Normally Closed standard contact Relay outputs (9-14) are Normally Open standard contact...
Page 293: P846 Case Dimensions
Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-11 P846 CASE DIMENSIONS Figure 3: Case dimensions...
Page 294: P846 External Connection Diagrams
P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-12 MiCOM P846 P846 EXTERNAL CONNECTION DIAGRAMS P1755ENb Figure 4: Model A with 8 output contacts and 8 digital inputs...
Page 295 Installation P846/EN IN/D MiCOM P846 (IN) 15-13 P1756ENa Figure 5: Model B with 32 output contacts and 24 digital inputs...
Page 296 P846/EN IN/D Installation (IN) 15-14 MiCOM P846...
Page 298 PXXX Product Description Alstom Grid © - ALSTOM 2011. ALSTOM, the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM. The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies. The technical and other data contained in this document is provided for information only.

Alstom MiCOM P846 Technical Manual

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Section 9

Section 10

Section 11

Section 12

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