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Güralp Minimus Technical Manual

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Güralp Minimus
and Minimus+
including Güralp Discovery software and the GüVü app
Technical Manual
Document Number: MAN-MIN-0001
Issue Q – September 2021
Designed and manufactured by
Güralp Systems Limited
3 Midas House, Calleva Park
Aldermaston RG7 8EA
England

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  • Page 1 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ including Güralp Discovery software and the GüVü app Technical Manual Document Number: MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q – September 2021 Designed and manufactured by Güralp Systems Limited 3 Midas House, Calleva Park Aldermaston RG7 8EA England...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Contents Table of Contents 1 Preliminary Notes......................6 1.1 Proprietary Notice......................6 1.2 Cautions and Notes....................6 1.3 Manuals and Software....................6 1.4 Conventions.......................6 2 System Overview......................7 2.1 Key features.......................7 2.2 Typical applications....................8 3 System description......................9 3.1 Güralp Minimus digitiser....................9 3.1.1 LED indicator....................10...
  • Page 3 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ 5 System configuration....................32 5.1 Web Page login.......................32 5.2 System status......................33 5.3 Station meta-data....................34 5.4 Network configuration....................35 5.4.1 I.P. address and gateway.................35 5.4.2 NTP (Network Timing Protocol) configuration..........36 5.5 GDI push (auto-connection)..................37 5.6 QSCD........................38 5.7 Data storage......................38 5.8 Storage........................40...
  • Page 4 5.16.4 CAP receiver....................95 5.16.5 Seismic Event Table..................97 5.17 Using a Registry....................99 5.17.1 Configuring a Minimus for use with a registry..........99 5.17.2 Configuring Discovery for use with a registry..........100 5.17.3 Registry mode: using WAN or LAN addresses..........101 5.18 Updating Minimus firmware.................103 5.19 Import / Export an existing configuration.............107...
  • Page 5 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ 9 Appendix 2 – Minimus network ports...............131 10 Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs................132 10.1 Ethernet.......................132 10.2 Power........................133 10.3 GNSS/serial......................134 10.4 Digital........................135 10.5 Analogue 1 and Analogue 2................136 11 Appendix 4 – Dimensions and drawings..............137 11.1 Minimus........................137 11.2 Minimus+......................138...

  • Page 6: Preliminary Notes

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Preliminary Notes Preliminary Notes Proprietary Notice The information in this document is proprietary to Güralp Systems Limited and may be copied or distributed for educational and academic purposes but may not be used commercially without permission.

  • Page 7: System Overview

    System Overview Thank-you for purchasing a Güralp Minimus or Minimus+ digitiser. This section describes the key components of a Minimus system or Minimus+. The Minimus or Minimus+ unit is the main, standard product in the system; other components and accessories are optional and can be purchased separately. Please check your order confirmation to see which components were purchased with your system.

  • Page 8: Typical Applications

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System Overview Typical applications Earthquake Early Warning systems. • Volcanology. • Multi-scale seismic networks. • Structural health monitoring. • Hydrocarbon exploration. • Permanent reservoir monitoring. • Induced seismicity detection. • Explosion monitoring. • MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 9: System Description

    Güralp Minimus digitiser The Güralp Minimus is a combined digitiser and advanced communications unit. The Minimus acquires data from – and allows direct control (where appropriate) of – connected analogue instruments ( e.g.  Güralp Fortis, 3-series, 5-series, 40T and 6T sensors) and digital instruments ( e.g. ...

  • Page 10: Led Indicator

    Minimus – included geophones, infra sound sensors, pressure gauges, etc. – must have their outputs ground-referenced using a >100 kΩ resistor. 3.1.1 LED indicator The Minimus has an LED indicator on the upper surface, which provides status and configuration information. •...

  • Page 11: Bluetooth Connectivity

    The Bluetooth transmitter/receiver is in permanent standby mode and always ready to receive a connection from a phone or tablet. See Chapter 6 on page 111 for further details on connecting to the Minimus and its attached sensors using a phone or tablet. 3.1.3 Data storage The Minimus uses microSD (non-volatile) memory technology to store seismic data locally.
  • Page 12 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System description 3.1.3.1 Primary (hot-swappable) microSD card – new style The upper surface of the Minimus has a waterproof screw-in card-holder that is sealed by an O-ring. To insert or replace a microSD card, proceed as follows: Rotate the card-holder in an anti-clockwise direction, unscrewing it from the body of the digitiser..
  • Page 13 3.1.3.2 Primary (hot-swappable) microSD card – old style Early models of the Minimus had a different arrangement. The upper surface of the Minimus had a waterproof screw-cap that is sealed by an O-ring. This protects the microSD card slot from the environment.
  • Page 14 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System description 3. To make the microSD card slot available, use your finger to move the card carrier in the “Open” direction: 4. Gently lift up the free end of the card carrier, which hinges at the other end, as...
  • Page 15 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System description 5. You should now be able to insert/remove a microSD card. The replacement should be positioned so that the gold contacts on the microSD card will be facing downwards when the carrier is hinged back down.

  • Page 16: Web Interface

    3.1.3.3 Internal (back-up) microSD card The second microSD card is factory-installed in a slot inside the Minimus. Caution: The internal microSD card is not accessible by the user. Attempts to remove or replace it will void the Minimus’ warranty.

  • Page 17: Accessory Package

    3.2.1 Ethernet cable The Ethernet connector allows use of 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T or 1000BASE-T networks. The cable that connects to the Minimus has a metal cover which is IP68-rated and ensures consistent connections in harsh installation environments. At the other end of the blue Ethernet cable, there is a standard 8P8C modular jack (often incorrectly called an RJ45) for attachment to all common networking devices ( e.g.

  • Page 18: Power Cable

    3.2.4 Diagnostic GNSS to Serial cable adapter The Minimus comes with an adapter to connect the GNSS LEMO connector to a female nine-pin D-subminiature connector (DE9f), which can be used with a standard serial port to allow diagnosis and debugging of the Minimus using a serial terminal emulator (see section 7 on page 118).

  • Page 19: Güralp Discovery Software

    Discovery also provides simple, convenient instrument and data management with access to hardware State-of-Health (SoH), data streaming; GNSS location; response and calibration data. Discovery can download Minimus firmware from the Internet and remotely install it onto any connected Minimus digitisers. MAN-MIN-0001...

  • Page 20: Güralp Güvü Android And Ios App

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System description Güralp GüVü Android and iOS app For added confidence during deployments in the field, Güralp GüVü, a Bluetooth App, displays waveforms, orientation, temperature and humidity data for instant checking of installation integrity. Please refer to Chapter 6 on page 111 for installation and usage instructions.

  • Page 21: Getting Started

    MAN-RAD- 0001). Power up the Minimus using a power supply with a DC output of between 10 and 36 Volts. We recommend fitting an in-line 3.5 A anti-surge fuse in the positive power lead to protect the external wiring of the installation. The Minimus will, in turn, provide power to all connected instruments.

  • Page 22: Güralp Discovery Software Installation

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started If the Minimus is directly connected to a laptop or PC using the blue Ethernet cable, make sure that the laptop or PC is configured to obtain an I.P. address automatically. More details on how to correctly configure the connection using APIPA (Automatic Private I.P.
  • Page 23 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started The “Domain” profile applies to networks where the host system can authenticate to a domain controller. The “Private” profile is a user-assigned profile and is used to designate private or home networks. The default profile is the “Public” profile, which is used to designate public networks such as Wi-Fi hotspots at coffee shops, airports, and other locations.
  • Page 24 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started The following dialogue is displayed: Enter the I.P. address of the Minimus (or other device, such as Güralp Affinity) to be added and click the button. The newly added device will appear in the device list.

  • Page 25: Viewing Waveforms And System State-Of-Health

    Last Radian (digital sensor) Sensor 8 Sensor 8 Viewing waveforms and system state-of-health Waveform data recorded by the Minimus’ internal sensors and other connected sensors can be viewed using several methods, which are described in the following sections. MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 26: Using Discovery's "Live View" Window

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started 4.3.1 Using Discovery’s “Live View” window 4.3.1.1 Main features Discovery offers a versatile live waveform/data viewer. To open the Viewer, in Discovery’s main window, select an instrument and, from the View tab in the toolbar, select “Live View”.
  • Page 27 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started a different group number from the “Select group up to” box at the bottom of the channel list. When only few channels are selected for viewing, the channel name labels also show data statistics, including the maximum, minimum and average amplitudes in physical units.
  • Page 28 The GDI protocol allows a receiver, such as Discovery, to select which channels to receive by use of a “channel subscription list”. This feature can be useful in cases where the connection between Minimus and Discovery has limited bandwidth. To subscribe to specific channels, right-click on a digitiser in Discovery’s main window and select “GDI Configuration”...
  • Page 29 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Getting started Click on the button to connect to the Minimus GDI server. By default, Discovery subscribes to all channels. To alter this behaviour, change the radio-button from “Automatically subscribe to all available channels” to “Use subscription list”.

  • Page 30: Using Scream

    4.3.2 Using Scream! Data from the Minimus and attached sensors can also be viewed and analysed using Güralp's Scream! Software. For full usage information on Scream!, please refer to the on-line Güralp manual MAN-SWA-0001.
  • Page 31 4.2 on page 22). Right-click on the newly-added server and select GCFSEND:B (or Connect) from the context menu. This sends a command to the Minimus to start data transmission. Once the GCFSEND:B (or Connect) command has been issued, the instruments and their associated streams should begin to appear in Scream!’s main window.

  • Page 32: System Configuration

    Alternatively, the web interface can be viewed by navigating to the LAN or WAN address of the instrument from any common web browser. Note: Some changes in the settings require a system reboot to be applied. This is notified on the top right of the Minimus web page with the Reboot Required message .

  • Page 33: System Status

    Logging in with the administrator account unlocks all the configuration and control features available in the Minimus web page. The default user-name for administrator user login is admin and password of admin.

  • Page 34: Station Meta-Data

    Serial number: the serial number of the Minimus; • Firmware version: the DIG firmware version running on the Minimus; • IPv4 address: the static or Dynamic LAN I.P. address of the Minimus; • SEED network and station: Network and Station SEED codes of the Minimus; •...

  • Page 35: Network Configuration

    In this mode, it is possible to specify the I.P. address, the Netmask and the address of the Gateway (default router), as shown: Before any changes made here will take effect, the Minimus must be re-booted. To do this, click the button on the “Data Record”...

  • Page 36: Ntp (Network Timing Protocol) Configuration

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Note: By default, the static I.P. address assigned to each Minimus is unique and derived from the specific serial number of the device. These addresses are in the default network for link-local (APIPA) addresses: 169.254.0.0/16 (in CIDR notation).

  • Page 37: Gdi Push (Auto-Connection)

    “NTP IP Addr” setting, and enter the I.P. address of your NTP server here. GDI push (auto-connection) A Minimus normally acts as a GDI server, where a client initiates a connection in order to pull data from it. This is the mechanism used when the GDI viewer in Discovery is launched.

  • Page 38: Qscd

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration QSCD The Minimus can push data in QSCD format (Quick Seismic Characteristic Data) to one or more clients, using outgoing network connections. To configure a connection, locate the QSCD section of the Network tab of the web page, as shown below.
  • Page 39 Minimus. The names and contents of each channel are described in Section 8 on page 125. Note: When changing a setting in the Minimus web page, ensure that you wait until the page refreshes before changing another setting. This allows time for the previous change to take effect.

  • Page 40: Storage

    (see Section 5.12.5 on page 66). Upon changing the sample rate, enabling a transform or changing Location and Channels codes, the Minimus will need to be restarted for the changes to come into effect; this can be done by pressing the button.

  • Page 41: Microsd Card Re-Formatting

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Sections of this panel indicate the status of the following: Whether a card is inserted; • Whether an inserted card is usable ( i.e.  correctly formatted); and • Whether the card is recording data.

  • Page 42: Microsd Card Data Flushing And Unmounting

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The instrument web page will refresh and return to the “Status” tab. The reformatting operation is now complete. 5.8.2.2 Full format Ensure the external microSD card is correctly inserted. Click the button in the “Storage” tab and a dialogue box will appear to confirm the formatting operation –...
  • Page 43 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Clicking on the file from the list automatically starts a download using your browser's standard mechanism: MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 44: Downloading Data For Specific Time-Intervals

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Multiple files can be downloaded simultaneously by ticking the boxes on the left of each link and clicking on button. The microSD cards are formatted with empty files which are filled with data as they become available.

  • Page 45: Bulk Data Extraction

    PC/laptop. Within a few seconds, the card should appear as a removable disk/drive. A microSD card formatted for the Minimus contains many "hidden" files. They are created at format time with no contents and then renamed, unhidden and filled with data as required.
  • Page 46 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration a file named system.log. This “re-use” file contains the last 64 MiB of the • system log; a file named status.log. This “re-use” file contains the last 32 MiB of damps • of system state of health information. A new dump is generated every 20 minutes.
  • Page 47 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The typical contents of the all_miniSEED_files_are_in_here directory looks like this: The file-name consists of four components: The stream name, truncated to 16 characters - see Section 8 on page 125 for a • full list of these;...

  • Page 48: Request Data From Microsd Card

    5.8.8 Request data from microSD card Discovery can be used as viewer of seismic data locally recorded in the microSD card of a Minimus. Select the Minimus of interested, right-click and choose “Data calendar view” to open the complete list of streams. MAN-MIN-0001...
  • Page 49 Use the mouse-wheel scrolling (or track- / touch-pad scrolling on a laptop) or highlight a portion of data, right-click and select “Zoom in” to zoom into the data. Multiple channel are selectable using key In Discovery, right-click on the Minimus of interest and select “Live View” “GDI” to →...
  • Page 50 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration In the calendar window select the portion of data to backfill into the viewer. Right- click and select “Request backfill”. The requested data are automatically imported in the GDI data viewer in Discovery. Note: The time required to upload the data depends on the window duration and the sample rate.

  • Page 51: Data Transmission

    Minimus. The names and contents of each channel are described in Section 8 on page 125. Note: When changing a setting in the Minimus web page, ensure that you wait until the page refreshes before changing another setting. This allows time for the previous change to take effect.

  • Page 52: Scream! (Gcf Format + Scream Protocol)

    (see Section 5.12.5 on page 66). Upon changing the sample rate, enabling a transform or changing Location and Channels codes, the Minimus will need to be restarted for the changes to come into effect; this can be done by pressing the button.

  • Page 53: Gdi-Link Protocol

    For more information on GDI-link, please refer to Güralp manual SWA-RFC-GDIL. 5.9.3 SEEDlink protocol The Minimus can act as a SEEDlink server to send miniSEED data packets over a network connection. The SEEDlink server is enabled by default but it can be disabled and re-enabled if desired.
  • Page 54 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Note: The Minimus SEEDlink back-fill implementation is packet-based. In the “Network” tab of the Minimus' web page, select the desired SEEDlink mode: The choices are: “Enabled” - This is the normal operating mode. Choose between backfill •...
  • Page 55 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration In the “Network” tab of the Minimus web page select the interval in deciseconds (1 decisecond = 100 ms or 0.1 seconds) between miniSEED packets (“Send SeedLink EEW Packets Every”). The modified SEEDlink protocol also allows the use of 256-byte records as an alternative to the standard 512-byte format.
  • Page 56 DG_TEST_00_HNZ, 415 samples, 100 Hz, 2016,257,10:44:06.930000 (latency ~3.0 sec) The SEEDlink server on the Minimus also supports the use of the “?” character as a wild-card within network, station and channel codes. This allows you to request multiple streams using a single command.

  • Page 57: Synchronisation Of The Sample-Clock

    5.10 Synchronisation of the sample-clock The Minimus system synchronises its sample clock using an attached GNSS receiver or, if that is not available, Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The currently supported GNSS systems are Navstar (GPS), GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo.

  • Page 58: Gnss Lock Status

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.10.1 GNSS lock status This is available in the “Status” tab of the instrument’s web page. A number of GNSS reporting parameters are given, including: Connection status • Last GNSS update (sync) & last GNSS lock date/time •...

  • Page 59: Ptp (Precision Time Protocol)

    Number of available satellites (in use / in view) • 5.10.2 PTP (Precision Time Protocol) The Minimus system supports timing provided through PTP. The IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a network protocol which uses modified network hardware to accurately time-stamp each PTP packet on the network at the time of transmission, rather than at the time that the packet was assembled.
  • Page 60 System configuration when fibre-optic cable is used. PTP is significantly more accurate than NTP but generally requires specialised hardware support. In the “Status” tab of the Minimus web page, a number of reporting parameters are given, including: PTP state •...
  • Page 61 The required correction value can be extracted from the internal clock from GNSS stream of the Minimus. In the Live View enable the 0CGPSO channel and select at least 20 minutes of data. Right-click on the selection and click on Show Samples:...

  • Page 62: Deploy Mode: Full Power-Save

    5.11 Deploy mode: Full power-save The Minimus digitiser offers two deployment modes: "Normal" and "Power Save". "Full power-save" mode makes a number of configuration changes in order to reduce the unit's power consumption. This mode is particularly useful when using Maris digital ocean-bottom sensors.
  • Page 63 Once in deploy mode, the only way to re-enable the Ethernet module is to connect to the Minimus via a serial connection (see Section 7 on page 118) or to use the GüVü Bluetooth app (see Section 6.4 on page 114).

  • Page 64: Configuration And Control Of Connected Analogue Instruments

    5.12.1 Setting instrument type The analogue sensor type is user-selectable and the Minimus includes a choice of several Güralp sensors and accelerometers. If the sensor is not in the list, select “Generic velocity” or “Generic acceleration”, according to the instrument's response.

  • Page 65: Setting Digitiser Gain

    RESP files and Dataless SEED is updated automatically. 5.12.4 Mass control The Minimus can lock, unlock and centre the masses of connected instruments. 5.12.4.1 Mass centring Many broadband seismometers ( e.g.  Güralp 3T and 3ESPC) support remote/electronic mass centring.

  • Page 66: Instrument Response Parameters

    A calibration procedure is also used to establish the relationship between the input voltage that a digitiser sees and the output, in counts, that it produces. The results are traditionally expressed in volts per count. Each Minimus is programmed at the factory so that it knows its own calibration values.
  • Page 67 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Although the Minimus automatically receives calibration parameters from connected digital instruments ( e.g.  Güralp Radian), calibration values need to be entered manually for connected analogue sensors ( e.g.  Güralp Fortis). To enter the calibration values for your analogue instruments, right-click the Minimus in Discovery’s main window and select “Calibration”...
  • Page 68 The Digitiser Volts per Count (VPC) – the ratio between the input voltage and • the digitised output value (“counts”). This field will be populated automatically with the correct value for this input channel of the Minimus. Analogue Instrument Gain – this specifies the output voltage of the •...
  • Page 69 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The overall system calibration parameters can be exported and saved in a file for future use by clicking on the button under “System calibration values”. The resulting file-name will have the extension .conf. Values from an existing calibration file can be imported using the button.
  • Page 70 Clicking on a RESP file link produces a page like this: Right-click anywhere and select “Back” to return to the Minimus web page. To save a RESP file, right click on it in the main list and select "Save Link": Note: RESP files are not available for channels that have a transform enabled.

  • Page 71: Configuration And Control Of Connected Digital Instruments

    The Dip (tilt angle from vertical), Azimuth (tilt direction from North) and Depth of analogue or digital sensors connected to the Minimus can be set in the Setup tab of the web interface in the section “Instrument Installation Parameters”. The...

  • Page 72: Inject A Calibration Signal

    Dataless SEED. 5.14.3 Inject a calibration signal To check whether the analogue sensor(s) connected to the Minimus is correctly calibrated, go to the Setup tab of the web page and use the drop-down menu to choose between Triangle, Square and White Noise signal to be injected into the sensor's feedback loop.

  • Page 73: Transforms

    Discovery flags the status icon in yellow. 5.15 Transforms The Minimus is capable of applying mathematical transforms to the streamed and recorded data. These include low-pass and high-pass filters, integration, differentiation, rotation, STA/LTA ratio etc. When a specific transform is activated on a particular channel, the resulting streamed (or recorded, accordingly to the chosen configuration) data output is automatically transmitted and/or recorded with the transform applied.
  • Page 74 Transform functions are enabled or disabled from the “Data Stream” and “Data Record” tabs for each channel. Note: To enable or disable a transform on any channel, it is necessary to reboot the Minimus. Transforms can be applied only on enabled channels. The available transforms are: Pass-through –...

  • Page 75: Pass-Through

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration To use customised parameters, visit the “Transform” tab and select the “Saved User Parameters” option in the “Parameter Source” drop-down menu. Type in the required parameters and then click to store them. It is possible to switch...

  • Page 76: St Order Lpf

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.15.3 1 order LPF This transform applies a first-order low-pass filter to the input data. The single configurable parameter is "Corner Frequency": this specifies, in Hz, the frequency at which the output power is attenuated by -3 dB. Above this frequency, output power is attenuated by a further 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade.

  • Page 77: St Order Band/Notch Filter

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The output is the difference between a low-pass filtered copy of the signal and the unfiltered signal. The single configurable parameter is "Corner Frequency": this specifies, in Hz, the frequency at which the output power is attenuated by -3 dB. Below this frequency, output power is attenuated by a further 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade.

  • Page 78: Nd Order Biquad

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The configurable parameters are the "High Pass Frequency" (HPF corner frequency as defined in Section 5.15.4 on page 76) and the “Low Pass Frequency” (LPF corner frequency as defined in Section 5.15.3 on page 76).

  • Page 79: Integration

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.15.7 Integration This transform integrates the input data, e.g.  if the selected channel unit is velocity ), the output produced is displacement (m). The integration transform is implemented as a configurable chain of three...

  • Page 80: Double Integration

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.15.8 Double Integration This transform integrates the input data twice so, for example, if the selected channel is acceleration (ms ), the output produced is displacement (m). Analogously to the single integrator, the double integrator applies an initial DC high- pass filter and then two further high-pass filters, one at the output of each integrator.

  • Page 81: Eew Parameters - Observer

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Apply DC filter, first integrator, interstage HPF, second integrator and ◦ second output HPF. 5.15.9 EEW Parameters – Observer When an EEW trigger occurs (or is simulated – see below), the peak ground motion...
  • Page 82 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The high-pass filters are implemented using an LPF and a subtracter, as described in Section 5.15.4 on page 76. The configurable parameters are: "DC Cut-off Frequency": this specifies the -3 dB point (in Hertz) for the initial •...

  • Page 83: Sta/Lta Ratio

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.15.10 STA/LTA Ratio The Earthquake Early Warning system (EEW) compares the ratio of a short-term average (STA) to a long-term average (LTA) in order to detect "trigger" conditions. For more information see Section 5.16 on page 88.

  • Page 84: Three-Dimensional Rotation

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration treated as belonging to the same event. This can be used to avoid spurious false triggers. “Initial Timeout (Seconds)”: this specifies an initial period of insensitivity • after the trigger function is initialised or changed. This can be used to avoid spurious false triggers.
  • Page 85 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration θ θ �� = cos + ( u �� + v �� + w �� ) sin �� ≡ to form a quaternion: a , b , c , d where: θ θ θ...

  • Page 86: Qscd Sender (Triplet)

    QSCD calculations are implemented using transforms and configured via the Data Stream tab of the Minimus web page. The three input channels must all be configured with the QSCD (triplet) transform. (The transform is disabled if the sample rates of the input streams do not match.)

  • Page 87: Mma Logger

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration 5.15.13 MMA Logger The MMA logger transform is a function that periodically calculates and logs Maximum Minimum and mean (Average) values over a selected window of data. Note: The EEW parameter transform is an observer: doesn’t modify the data streams on which it is applied.

  • Page 88: Earthquake Early Warning

    Remote Source: This setting is used for multiple-source • triggering networks. The sources specified here are other Minimus digitisers or Minimus based instruments, specified by the I.P. addresses configured in the “Remote Inputs” section: The configurable fields in these cases are: Score: this assigns a number of points to this trigger.
  • Page 89 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Address: is the I.P. address of the remote source, e.g.  another Minimus. ◦ I/O Expander Input: Select this value to use inputs from a • connected Minimus 8 channel I/O Expander Module. The configurable fields in these cases are: Score: this assigns a number of points to this trigger.
  • Page 90 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration “DC Frequency”: initial AC coupling HPF corner frequency; ▪ “LTA Period”: Long Term Average filter time period (1/corner ▪ frequency); “STA Period”: Short Term Average filter time period (1/corner ▪ frequency); “Trigger Threshold”: STA/LTA ratio level at which trigger occurs;...

  • Page 91: Trigger Destinations

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration When a triplet is selected as source, “3D or Z & NE” parameters is used to choose what type of preview to visualise. For STA/LTA ratio trigger algorithm: 0: shows STA/LTA ratio calculated on 2D resultant vector of N and E ▪...
  • Page 92 CAP Recipient: this value is copied to the “addresses” field of the CAP ◦ message; CAP Inhibit Timeout: is the time the Minimus waits before sending ◦ new CAP message if a new event is detected after a previous CAP message was sent;...
  • Page 93 CAP Msg HMAC Key: a shared key used for signing the CAP message. All ◦ CAP messages generated by Minimus are signed. The user should set this key to a private value. The HMAC digest can then be used to both authenticate the sender and validate the contents of CAP messages by anyone who is privy to the shared key.

  • Page 94: Low Latency Mode

    5.16.3 Low Latency Mode In the “Setup” tab, the “Low Latency Mode” drop-down menu controls the processor workload that affects the power-consumption of the Minimus. This control can be used to prioritise power-consumption at the expense of latency, to balance the two or to optimise latency regardless of the power consumption.

  • Page 95: Cap Receiver

    The CAP receiver functionality is accessed using the context (right-click) menu in Discovery or clicking on “Edit” in the menu bar: The CAP receiver window allows specification of the listening port. Each Minimus from which messages should be received must have this value specified as the “CAP Port”...
  • Page 96 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The reception of CAP messages can be enabled or disabled clicking on the button at the top, right-hand side of the window. If you wish to forward the CAP messages to a server, type its I.P. address into the field and tick the check-box named “Use forwarding server”.

  • Page 97: Seismic Event Table

    The seismic data before, during and after the event are saved in miniSEED format and can be downloaded using links in the table. The table is located at the bottom of the “Trigger” tab in the Minimus web page. MAN-MIN-0001...
  • Page 98 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration The Minimus allows the download of event data in miniSEED format in a time range that is user selectable. The user can select how many seconds before and after the event detection to include in the miniSEED file.

  • Page 99: Using A Registry

    The server itself must have a static I.P. address and be accessible to all connected Minimus units, as well as the PCs running discovery. Registry servers programs are currently available for Linux and Windows. Please contact Güralp technical support for details.

  • Page 100: Configuring Discovery For Use With A Registry

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration In the resulting web page, select the “Network” tab. The Registry parameters can be found near the bottom of the resulting screen: These are: Registry Update: the frequency at which the registry is updated with details •...

  • Page 101: Registry Mode: Using Wan Or Lan Addresses

    2. Type the chosen Group ID in the “Cloud registry group identifier” field and click Return to the main windows and test the configuration by clicking the button. All Minimus digitisers using the same Registry server and Group ID should appear in the main list. 5.17.3 Registry mode: using WAN or LAN addresses When Discovery displays a list of devices found from a local scan, all access to those systems is initiated via the LAN address.
  • Page 102 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration devices, you have the option of using either the LAN address or the WAN address. This can be useful when the WAN address has been configured but is not yet available or when a registered device is installed remotely and not available on the LAN.

  • Page 103: Updating Minimus Firmware

    The firmware of the Minimus is upgradeable. New releases appear regularly – mostly to add new features but, occasionally, to fix problems. Güralp recommends that the Minimus is regularly checked for availability of firmware updates and, when convenient, these updates should be installed.
  • Page 104 Note: The latest version of Discovery software must be used to perform the firmware update of any Minimus digitiser. See section 12.5 on page 149 for more details. If you have any recorded data that you value, backup all files from the Minimus microSD card: 1. Unplug the external microSD card from your Minimus.
  • Page 105 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration Caution: If updating from any release of v1.2 to v2.0, select the option “Güralp server – version 2.0-**** (online)” only. Do not use “Local file” option unless agreed case-by-case with support@guralp.com. If updating from any release of below v1.2, contact support@guralp.com...
  • Page 106 6. Discovery will confirm through another dialogue box that the file download is complete. Click to begin the firmware upload to the Minimus. 7. At the end of the uploading process, the dialogue box will ask to restart the Minimus. Click to finalise the process.

  • Page 107: Import / Export An Existing Configuration

    13. Go to the “Status” tab of the Minimus web page. 14. Check that your Minimus firmware version is as expected. 15. Check that nothing red or yellow shows up in the “Status” tab of the Minimus web page. 5.19 Import / Export an existing configuration Updating the Minimus’...
  • Page 108 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration button and browse to a suitable location (on your PC) into which to save the configuration file. After the firmware update is successfully completed, the previous configuration can be imported, if required, by following the instructions below.

  • Page 109: Control Centre

    GNSS status. This button launches a console that allows interactions with the command line of the Minimus. The list of available commands and their respective descriptions can be displayed by entering the command “help”. This should generally only be done on the advice of the Güralp technical support team.
  • Page 110 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ System configuration MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 111: Güvü App

    ) to enable Bluetooth connectivity (if not already enabled) and to search for available devices to with which to pair. 4. Select the appropriate Minimus device from the list to pair. Wait a few seconds for the main viewer screen to show.
  • Page 112 GüVü app Once the device is connected, the main view of the app will be displayed. This screen displays a number of status indicators associated with both the Minimus and connected sensors. These features are summarised in the figure below:...

  • Page 113: Selecting Data Sources

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ GüVü app Selecting data sources Güralp view can provide status information about all connected sensors, including digital instruments ( e.g.  Güralp Radian) and analogue instruments. To select the instrument source that provides information to the main status screen of GüVü, tap the menu icon (...

  • Page 114: Instrument Control

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ GüVü app Instrument control Several features of the Minimus and connected instruments can be controlled and configured remotely over Bluetooth using GüVü: Analogue instrument centring • Clearing and un-mounting SD card • Rebooting the Minimus •...

  • Page 115: Setting The Pin Code

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ GüVü app "Device control" option. To access the instrument control and configuration sub- menu, a PIN code has to be entered by selecting the text entry box and tapping The default PIN code used to access the Instrument Control menu is "0000".
  • Page 116 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ GüVü app The deployment report includes the following details: System name; • Station name; • Network code; • Instrument user label; • Memory card storage size and recording status; • Location of site (GNSS latitude, longitude, elevation);...
  • Page 117 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ GüVü app MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 118: Advanced Troubleshooting

    Advanced troubleshooting In the unlikely event of the user experiencing problems with the operation of the Minimus, a diagnostics tool is available via the GNSS connector. This connector provides a serial console which can be accessed using a terminal emulator.

  • Page 119: Reset All Settings During Boot Phase

    The Minimus can be reset to its factory settings during its boot-up stage. This is useful in cases where the user is not able to communicate with the Minimus via a network connection, where the unit is not responsive, or where it does not appear in the Discovery software’s scan results.
  • Page 120 ## Starting application at 0x00300000 ... (boot)Crash Info### Number of crash left=0 (boot)Last crash time:1970-01-01T00:00:00.000 Board type set to: Minimus Recognised external clock: 12288000 Hz SCKC_CR = 0xA, CKGR_MOR = 0x100FF02, CKGR_PLLAR = 0x21403F01, PMC_MCKR = 0x1302, MCK = 165888000 Hz...
  • Page 121 Once the “@GURALP SYSTEMS” banner has been printed, keying (at least once) will cause all settings (except Username, Password and Bluetooth PIN) to revert to their default values and cause the Minimus to reboot. v2.0-7548 by teamcity on 14:28:48 07-Nov-2019 Vecbase: 300000 CPUid: 410fc051 Cache: c5187d...
  • Page 122 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Advanced troubleshooting Warning non-integer microsecond divisor from 82944000 0.08 | -> spi_datalink_init_semaphores 0.09 | -> chain_init Using 251 coefficients. 0.15 | -> var_user_init [SD log not available!] User variable "last_loc_lat" modified (called from load_from_fram) [SD log not available!] User variable "last_loc_lon" modified (called from load_from_fram) [SD log not available!] User variable "station_start_t"...
  • Page 123 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Advanced troubleshooting Sensor0 is velocimeter Sensor1 is accelerometer Sensor2 is velocimeter Sensor3 is velocimeter Sensor4 is velocimeter Sensor5 is velocimeter Sensor6 is velocimeter Sensor7 is velocimeter Sensor8 is velocimeter 3.33 | -> init_nand 4.17 | -> adc12_init 4.18 | ->...
  • Page 124 13.33 | -> gps_init Once the boot-up reaches this stage, pressing will have no effect. was recognised during the second stage of boot-up, then the Minimus will reset and re-boot: Ctrl+R NVR load, resetting all vars to their default values and then...

  • Page 125: Appendix 1 - Instrument/Channel Names

    Note: Throughout this section, the letter n in italic script is used to indicate the Instrument number, which is a small integer used to identify the signal source. This is always zero ('0') for the Minimus' own internal sensors and for the first analogue instrument.

  • Page 126: Minimus' Internal Sensors

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 1 – Instrument/channel names Minimus' internal sensors Data streaming Data recording Mini Digital Live Sensor Comp. SEED filter Live stream name Stream Data record name channel mode code code S0AccZ 0AXL10 S0AccZA Acausal S0AccZB Causal...

  • Page 127: Analogue Instruments

     For Minimus+ units, it is set to 1 for the second analogue sensor. There is an Auxiliary input on each of the analogue sensor inputs on a Minimus+ and the streams from these are similarly identified by a 0 or 1.
  • Page 128 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 1 – Instrument/channel names Data streaming Data recording Mini Digital Live Sensor Comp. SEED filter Live stream name Stream Data record name channel mode code code n ACCE2 n VELEC Causal S n SeisELowLat S n SeisELowLat...

  • Page 129: Digital Instruments

    Digital Instruments Digital instruments can be attached to the Minimus in a chain. The lowest number instrument is the one which is closest to the Minimus. On a Minimus, this is Instrument 1.  For Minimus+ units, it is Instrument 2.
  • Page 130 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 1 – Instrument/channel names Data streaming Data recording Digital Live MiniSEED Sensor Comp filter Live stream name stream Data record name channel mode code code S n AccNB Causal S n AccNLowLat n AXLNC S n AccE...

  • Page 131: Appendix 2 - Minimus Network Ports

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 2 – Minimus network ports Appendix 2 – Minimus network ports The following network ports are used by the Minimus: Port Layer 4 Protocol Description HTTP server 1565 GDI transmission protocol 1567 TCP/UDP GCF transmission protocol...

  • Page 132: Appendix 3 - Connector Pin-Outs

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs 10.1 Ethernet This is an Amphenol RJField-series 8P8C connector. It consists of a standard ISO 8877 8P8C modular socket (often called RJ45) in a bayonet mounting compatible with MIL-DTL-26482 (formerly MIL-C-26482).

  • Page 133: Power

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs 10.2 Power This is a standard 4-pin military-specification bayonet plug, conforming to MIL-DTL-26482 (formerly MIL-C-26482). Function Ground 10-36 V DC input not connected not connected Wiring details for the compatible socket as seen from the cable end ( i.e. ...

  • Page 134: Gnss/Serial

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs 10.3 GNSS/serial This is a 14-pin LEMO EEG.1K socket. Suitable mating connectors can be found in the LEMO FGG.1K.314 range. To engage the mating connector, line up the • red marks and push firmly home.

  • Page 135: Digital

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs 10.4 Digital This is a standard 10-pin military-specification bayonet sockets, conforming to MIL-DTL-26482 (formerly MIL-C-26482). Function Ground Power RS422 serial transmit – positive RS422 serial transmit – negative RS422 serial receive – negative...

  • Page 136: Analogue 1 And Analogue 2

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 3 – Connector pin-outs 10.5 Analogue 1 and Analogue 2 These are standard 26-pin male military-specification bayonet plugs, conforming to MIL-DTL-26482 (formerly MIL-C-26482). Pin Function Pin Function Vertical Acceleration/Velocity – Calibration signal (all channels) differential non-inverting input Vertical Acceleration/Velocity –...

  • Page 137: Appendix 4 - Dimensions And Drawings

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 4 – Dimensions and drawings Appendix 4 – Dimensions and drawings 11.1 Minimus MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 138: Minimus

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 4 – Dimensions and drawings 11.2 Minimus+ MAN-MIN-0001 Issue Q - September 2021...

  • Page 139: Appendix 5 - Güralp Discovery Installation

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation Güralp Discovery is a software package for Microsoft Windows, MAC and Linux, which facilitates the identification, configuration and management of Güralp digitisers and instruments.

  • Page 140: Installation In Mac

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation The script proceeds through the following installation stages: A confirmation prompt: Guralp Discovery will be installed in: /opt/guralp/discovery. [C]ontinue/[A]bort Type to continue installation in listed directory, or to abort and change directory using the -o execution parameter 2.
  • Page 141 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation 2. Either save the downloaded file on a local drive, or automatically open it with DiskImageMounter. If you saved the file to disk, navigate to the download location and open Discovery.dmg with DiskImageMounter.

  • Page 142: Installation In Windows

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation Drag and drop discovery.app to the Applications folder. 6. When finished, the installation is complete and the Discovery app can be found in Launcher or Applications folder in Finder. 12.3 Installation in Windows To install Güralp Discovery on a Windows machine:...
  • Page 143 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation Download the appropriate installer – 32-bit or 64-bit – from https://www.guralp.com/sw/download-discovery.shtml 2. Double-click the downloaded file. You may be asked whether you wish to continue: answer yes. 3. The following screen asks where, in the Start Menu, you would like to place the Discovery short-cut.
  • Page 144 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation Tick the check-box if you wish and then click , key or key to continue. 5. The installer then offers a last chance to change any of your decisions: Click...

  • Page 145: Configuring Windows Firewall

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation 7. Once installation is complete, the following screen is displayed: Press , key or key to close the installer and launch Discovery. Note: Discovery for Windows 64-bit requires Microsoft Visual C++ 2015.
  • Page 146 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation 2. Type “allow an app” 3. Select “Allow an app through Windows Firewall” from the search results. 4. Windows will display the “Windows Firewall Allowed Applications” screen. This displays a list of applications in alphabetical order. Each application is provided with three check-boxes which indicate whether the application can communicate with networked devices in the “Domain”...
  • Page 147 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation The “Domain” profile applies to networks where the host system can authenticate to a domain controller. The “Private” profile is a user-assigned profile and is used to designate private or home networks. The default profile is the “Public”...
  • Page 148 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation 7. Click the button. The “Choose network types” window is shown: 8. After making appropriate changes, click first in the “Choose network types” window, then in the “Edit an app” window, then in the “Windows Firewall Allowed Applications”.

  • Page 149: Update

    Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation 12.5 Update If a PC running Güralp Discovery has an Internet connection, Discovery can check whether an update is available. To initiate this, click About from the Help menu or...
  • Page 150 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation If you with to proceed with downloading the newer version, click the button. This does not commit to an immediate upgrade: it just downloads the installer. If you do not wish to download the installer, click to close the “Discovery About”...
  • Page 151 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation If you wish to complete the installation immediately, click . If you would rather defer the installation, click and run the installer at a more convenient time. Once the upgrade is complete, start Discovery in the usual way. Windows, recognising that the program has changed, may ask you to specify how you wish Discovery to interact with the Windows Firewall.
  • Page 152 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Appendix 5 – Güralp Discovery installation The screen provides three check-boxes which indicate whether Discovery can communicate with networked devices in the “Domain” profile, the “Private” profile or the “Public” profile. (Profiles are also known as “network locations”.) The “Domain”...

  • Page 153: Appendix 6 - I.p. Address Configuration On Pc Or Laptop

    With APIPA (Automatic Private I.P. Addressing), a laptop or PC can automatically configure itself with an I.P. address in the range 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. The default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. Connect the Minimus to the laptop or PC using the blue Ethernet cable and power it 13.1 On Linux...

  • Page 154: On Macos

    , in the lower-left corner of the window, then click "Make Service Inactive." Click the "Apply" button to disable the NIC (Network Interface Card). 3. With the Minimus connected and powered up, click the button again, click "Make Service Active" and click "Apply" to re-enable the NIC.

  • Page 155: On Windows

    "Run" dialogue, enter ncpa.cpl and key Right-click on the network adapter which is connected to the Minimus and select “Disable” from the context menu. Right-click on the same adapter again and select “Enable”. Close the network settings window.

  • Page 156: Eu Declaration Of Conformity

    READING, RG7 8EA. Tel: +44 118 981 9056 E-mail: technical@guralp.com Declare under our sole responsibility that the following product Equipment name: Minimus and Minimus+ with GPS Model Number: MI-2407SA0V20124 and MI-2414SA0V20643 and appropriate variants Is in conformity with the Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU...

  • Page 157: Revision History

    Added analogue sensor calibration. Added transforms. Added miniSEED extractor. Added note on non-recording status. Added Minimus default static I.P. address info. Added instructions for setting PC I.P. address. Added local access from the Registry. Added recommendation on sensor grounding. Removed FPGA firmware update.
  • Page 158 Güralp Minimus and Minimus+ Revision History Updated SEEDlink server options. Updated STA/LTA Ratio threshold. Updated GDI channels name. Updated Minimus firmware upgrade procedure. Added column hide/show in Discovery. Added Control Centre. Added Deploy mode section. Added PTP. 2017-07-28 Updated EEW and triggering section.

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