Page 1 SNA5000A Series Vector Network Analyzer UserManual UM09050-E01A User Manual UM09050-E01C SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD...
Page 3: Copyright
Copyright ◆ SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD All Rights Reserved. ◆ SIGLENT is the registered trademark of SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ◆ Information in this publication replaces all previously corresponding material. ◆ SIGLENT reserves the right to modify or change parts of or all the specifications or pricing policies at the company’s sole decision.
Page 4: Safety Requirement
Safety requirement This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the instrument operating under the corresponding safety conditions. In addition to the safety precautions specified in this section, you also have to follow common safe operating procedures. Safety terms and symbols When the following terms or symbols appear on the front panel, rear panel, or this manual, it indicates particular attention should be paid.
Page 5 Protection level: Class I Note: Installation (overvoltage) category Class II indicates the local supply level is suitable for equipment connected to the AC power supply. Installation (overvoltage) category Class I indicates the signal levels suitable for terminals connected to the RF source. Pollution level Class II indicates it only occurs in a dry and non-conductive environment, sometimes we should consider the temporary conductivity caused by concentration.
Page 6 WARNING: Danger of electric shock! Disconnected or broken internal or external grounding wires will increase the risk of electric shock. It is strictly forbidden to destroy the protective grounding wire or safety grounding terminals. The location of the instrument should be convenient to access the power supply.
Page 7: Product Introduction
Product introduction General Description The SIGLENT SNA5000A series of vector network analyzers have a frequency range of 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, which support 2/4-port scattering, differential, and time-domain parameter measurements. The SNA5000A series are ideal for determining the Q-factor, bandwidth, and insertion loss of a filter.
Page 8: User Manual Overview
User Manual overview Main Contents Chapter 1 Quickstart This chapter introduces the appearance and size of the vector network analyzer, the basic operation of the front and rear panels, user interface, buttons, and touch screen. Chapter 2 Basic measurement This chapter describes the measurement function, sweeping trigger setting, and other functions of the vector network analyzer, and introduces the functions under each menu in detail.
Page 9: Table Of Contents
Contents Copyright ............................ 1 Safety requirement ........................2 Product introduction ........................5 User Manual overview ....................... 6 Contents ............................. 7 Quickstart.......................... 11 Dimensions ......................11 Power supply ...................... 11 Front panel ......................12 1.3.1 Functional keyboard ................... 13 1.3.2 Digital keyboard ..................14 1.3.3 Power switch ....................
Page 10 2.4.1 Points ......................30 2.4.2 Sweep type ....................31 Trigger ........................ 33 2.5.1 Trigger Settings ................... 33 2.5.2 Trigger source ..................... 34 2.5.3 Trigger Range ..................... 34 2.5.4 Channel Settings ..................34 2.5.5 Trigger mode ....................35 2.5.6 External and auxiliary triggers ..............36 Data format ......................
Page 11 3.9.1 ECal Overview .................... 88 3.9.2 ECal Config ....................89 3.9.3 Confidence Check ..................90 3.9.4 Orientation ....................91 3.9.5 Characterization ..................92 Data analysis ........................93 Marker ........................ 93 Mathematical operation..................100 Conversion ....................... 101 Equation editor ....................102 Trace statistics ....................
Page 12 5.6.8 Trace Setup Coupling ................129 5.6.9 Time Domain Gating ................. 129 TDR Data Analysis & Output ................129 5.7.1 Marker Setup .................... 129 5.7.2 Rise Time Search ..................130 5.7.3 Delta Time Search ..................130 5.7.4 Peeling ...................... 130 5.7.5 File &...
Page 13: Quickstart
1 Quickstart 1.1 Dimensions Figure 1-1 Front view and side view Figure 1-2 Rear panel view 1.2 Power supply The equipment accepts 100-240V, 50/60/400Hz AC power supplies. Please use the power cord provided to connect the instrument to the power source as shown in the figure below. SNA5000A Vector Network Analyzer User Manual...
Page 14: Front Panel
Figure 1-3 Power interface 1.3 Front panel Figure 1-4 Front panel Table 1-1 Front panel area description: Number Items Description 12.1 inch TFT color capacitive LCD touchscreen. Notes: Avoid touching the LCD touchscreen with sharp objects. The effective pixel ratio of the screen is more than 99.998%, so it doesn't mean a fault when the screen Touchscreen has some black/blue/green/red fixed points less than...
Page 15: Functional Keyboard
sweep points, trigger, and so on. Press the up, down, left, and right buttons to select the Navigation desired operation. Rotate the button left or right to move the cursor or change Knob the parameter value, the effect of pressing the button is the same as ”Enter”.
Page 16: Digital Keyboard
Set measurement window, measurement channel, measurement trace, and so Display Press this button to turn on/off the screen’s touch function. Touch 1.3.2 Digital keyboard Table 1-3 Front panel digital keyboard description: Keys Description When setting the frequency, press this key to set the unit as THz. if the input is time-related, press this key to set the unit as ps.
Page 17: Rf Connectors
1.3.4 RF connectors Figure 1-5 Front panel RF connectors (2-port VNA) Figure 1-6 Front panel RF connectors (4-port VNA) ◆ The number of RF connectors is two or four, depending on the instrument configuration. ◆ When an RF connector is transmitting an RF signal, the corresponding orange light above the RF connector will be lit.
Page 18 Handle Portable handle to carry the instrument. Used to cool down internal components of the instrument. Used to fix the instrument on the fixed object such as a table to help Lock prevent theft. Connect the instrument with earth ground. Electrically connects the Ground Terminal metallic shell and connectors of the instrument to earth ground.
Page 19: Ocxo Option Installation Guide
The equipment accepts 100-240 V, 50/60/400 Hz AC power supply. AC Power Port and please connect the VNA to the AC power supply with the supplied power Fuse cord. Make sure the current does not exceed the rated current of the fuse.
Page 20: User Interface
1.6 User interface Figure 1-10 User interface A. Active Entry B. Marker Readout C. Trace Status D. SoftKeys E. Softtabs Window number G. Stimulus Range H. Status Bar Message Bar 1.6.1 Active entry Table 1-5 Active entry description: Functions Functions Description Recall the previous step.
Page 21: Value Of Marker
Add a marker. Delete active window or trace. Note: Keep at least one trace on the interface. Screenshot (Ctrl+P) 1.6.2 Value of marker Display the frequency and reading of the marker. 1.6.3 Trace State ◆ A trace is a series of measured data points. Up to 256 traces can be created. In addition, one historical memory trace for each active trace can be stored and displayed.
Page 22: Label Page
The parameters are shown in the form of a Smith chart. The parameters are displayed in polar coordinates. The parameters are shown in SWR. 1.6.6 Label Page Displays all parameter display formats supported by the vector network analyzer. 1.6.7 Window State ◆...
Page 23: Message Bar
1.6.10 Message Bar Displays the current date information and error information during testing. 1.6.11 Graffiti Function This product provides a basic graffiti function, which is used to draw graphics and mark information on the main interface. This feature is great for annotating screenshots and adding important details before saving.
Page 24 Figure 1-12 graffiti editing interface As shown in Figure 1-12, the toolbar at the bottom of the interface displays a series of tools for graphic editing: 1. Selection tool: A series of editing can be carried out after the drawing is selected 2.
Page 25 Figure 1-13 Color selection interface As shown in Figure 1-13, after calling out this interface, you can adjust the corresponding colors of the graphics: 1. Color shade selection tool: Mouse/finger click to select the appropriate brightness of the color 2. Color selection tool: Select a specific color 3.
Page 26: Touch Screen
1.7 Touch Screen The vector network analyzer is equipped with a 12.1-inch high-resolution color touch LCD screen for trace, function keys, and other measurement-related information. With the help of the touch screen, the LCD screen can be directly touched by a finger to select measurement and parameter setting operations.
Page 27: Basic Measurement
2 Basic measurement This chapter introduces in detail each function button on the front panel of SNA5000A series vector network analyzers and the following menu functions. 2.1 Measurement parameters 2.1.1 S parameters S parameters are used to describe the degree of a transmitted or reflected signal through an impedance discontinuity.
Page 28: Power Measurement Of Receiver
Map any physical port of the vector network analyzer to a single-terminal logical port. These Settings are applied to "all" measurement trace lines in the channel, and if the topology of the differential device under test changes, all existing measurements in the channel that are not compatible with the new topology will automatically change to compatible measurements.
Page 29: Frequency Range
• D: Measures the signal power entering port 4 2.2 Frequency range 2.2.1 Set the frequency range Set the range of RF frequencies. Operating steps: Press Freq on the front panel to open the frequency setting interface, parameter change mode: 1.
Page 30: Frequency Resolution
and down key, rotating the knob, or pressing the numeric keypad. Press ENTER, the knob, or ESC to exit editing mode. 2.2.3 Frequency resolution Set the frequency resolution to 1Hz. 2.3 Power level Power level refers to the output power at the port of the vector network analyzer. Here are the keys to operation: 1.
Page 31 Power Limits controls the source power at each test port for ALL channels. Use this feature to protect DUTs that are sensitive to overpowering at the input. Source Power levels that exceed the Limit at the specified port are clipped at the limit, and an error message is displayed on the screen.
Page 32: Sweep
On the UI interface, click the cell twice in succession and then enter the value in the pop- up virtual numeric keyboard. Press the Tab key on the front panel to make the focus fall on the cell you want to change, press the number key +Enter on the front panel to set the value, or turn the knob to change the value.
Page 33: Sweep Type
Operating steps: Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Sweep→Number of Points parameter item, Enter the number of points required, Press ENTER to exit editing mode. The number of data points collected by the vector network analyzer during the measurement sweep can be set to any number between 1 and 100001.
Page 34 Log frequency sweep: Set the measured abscissa frequency scale to log scale, To observe a wider frequency range, the calibration interval in the full frequency band is not uniform and presents periodic changes. Power Sweep: The power sweep will increase or decrease the power of the source according to the walk length.
Page 35: Trigger
2. Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Segment Table parameter item. Move the cursor to the specified position by up and down arrow keys or knobs, set Add Segment, Insert Segment, Delete Segment and Delete All Segments to perform segment operation.
Page 36: Trigger Source
Press Trigger, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger parameter item. 2.5.2 Trigger source Operating steps: Press Trigger, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger Source parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
Page 37: Trigger Mode
These settings determine the number of trigger signals that the channel will receive. • Hold trigger: The channel does not accept any trigger signals. • Single trigger: The channel receives a trigger signal and then enters the "hold" state. Another way to trigger a single measurement: Set the trigger source to "manual"...
Page 38: External And Auxiliary Triggers
When multi-port calibration is on (requires multi-direction sweeping), the trace on the screen will not be updated until all relevant directions have been swept. For example, when all four 2-port S parameters are displayed: If full 2-port calibration is on, triggering 1 will cause no trace to be updated. When the calibration is off, triggering 1 will cause S11 and S21 updates.
Page 39 • Measurement trigger input: This signal is easy to use, but has limited configuration capabilities. • Auxiliary trigger outputs: Connectors and signals are highly configurable and can be used to synchronize with any number of devices. Measurement trigger input The trigger input connector is located on the back panel of the vector network analyzer. These signals can be used when the vector network analyzer communicates with slower instruments.
Page 40 Positive edge: When the vector network analyzer is ready, it will trigger on the next positive edge. When set to accept a trigger before ready, if a positive edge has been received since the last data acquisition, the vector network analyzer will trigger immediately after ready Negative edge: When the vector network analyzer is ready, it will trigger on the next negative edge.
Page 41 Auxiliary trigger The auxiliary trigger connector is located on the back panel of the vector network analyzer. When the external source is configured as an external device, the vector network analyzer will automatically control all trigger settings. Do not set other trigger settings. The vector network analyzer will start measuring when it receives a valid trigger signal from the specified trigger source: •...
Page 42: Data Format
Select "Auxiliary Trigger" - "Global" vector network analyzer preferences, On the "Trigger Settings " tab, the "Dot " Settings are set. After that, this setting applies to all channels. When multiple channels exist, the channel settings set last are used. Pulse Duration: Specify the duration of a positive or negative output trigger pulse.
Page 43: Polar Coordinates
A phase: • Same phase, but no 180-degree entanglement. Note: Phase unwrapping is accomplished by comparing the phases of two adjacent data points. If the phase difference between the two points is greater than 180 degrees, or the DC offset phase of the first data point is greater than 180 degrees, then the phase measurement may not be accurate.
Page 44: Smith Circle Diagram
90° The magnitude of Γ （reflection coefficient） The phase Angle of the 0° ±180° ∞Ω reflected signal 0Ω -90° Figure 2-5 Polar diagram • The dotted circle indicates the reflection coefficient. The outermost circle represents the reflection coefficient with a value of 1. The center of the circle represents the reflection coefficient with a value of 0.
Page 45 Figure 2-6 Schematic diagram of Smith circle There is also a Reverse Smith circle diagram (also called an Admittance Smith Chart): Same as the standard Smith circle, with the following exceptions: • The polar grid is reversed from right to left. •...
Page 46: Scale
Figure 2-7 Schematic diagram of the Admittance Smith chart • Each point on the Smith chart represents a complex impedance (r±jx) consisting of a real resistance (r) and an imaginary reactance (x). • The horizontal axis (solid line) shows the real part of the difference between impedance and resistance.
Page 47: Scaling Coupling
Press Scale, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the reference level and reference position parameter items under the Scale menu bar. Press ENTER or the knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
Page 48: Electrical Delay
windows share the same scale settings. • When window or full coupling is enabled, the scale settings for the working trace will be adopted by other coupling traces of the same format • If traces of a different format exist, all traces of that format will be set as the least numbered trace in that format •...
Page 49: Amplitude Offset And Amplitude Slope
Speed coefficient: Specify the velocity factor applied to the device media inserted after measurement calibration. The value is 0.66 for polyethylene insulated cables and 0.7 for PTFE insulators.1 corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum. Distance unit: Select meters, inches, or feet. When you change this value, the step size does not change automatically.
Page 50: Avg Bw
2.8 Avg BW 2.8.1 Overview The dynamic range is the finite difference between the maximum input power level and the minimum measurement power level (noise floor) of the analyzer. In evaluating a characteristic accompanied by a large change in the amplitude (the start and stop band of a filter for example), it is important to increase the dynamic range.
Page 51: If Bandwidth
2.8.3 IF Bandwidth The received signal of VNA is converted from its source frequency to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). Reducing the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the effect of random noise on a measurement. Each tenfold reduction in IF bandwidth lowers the noise floor by 10 dB. However, narrower IF bandwidths cause longer sweep times.
Page 52: Smoothing
Figure 2-10 Set the IF from the status bar 2.8.4 Smoothing Trace smoothing averages several adjacent data points to smooth the displayed trace. The number of adjacent data points that get averaged together is also known as the smoothing aperture. You can specify the aperture as either the number of data points or the percentage of the x-axis span.
Page 53: Preset Instructions
2.9 Preset instructions Invokes preset Settings to restore system Settings to the specified just started state. Operating instructions: ◆ Preset types are available through Preset→Preset Option, Select “Default”, “Last”, or “User“. ◆ Press the Preset key, and the device invokes either default Settings or user Settings. Table2-1 Some default setting values Parameter name Parameter value...
Page 54: Measurement Calibration
Average state Smooth state Calibration Calibration state unloaded calibration data 3 Measurement calibration 3.1 Overview Usually, DUTs can't be measured directly and accurately due to cabling, adapters, probes, and more. Calibration, compensation, and fixture simulation are introduced to help achieve higher accuracy. These functions meet different measurement requirements, but they all can be expressed as a matrix multiplication of the scattering parameter matrix and a specific compensation matrix.
Page 55: Calibration Type
3.2 Calibration type The following table is a comparison of some common S-parameter calibration types: Table 3-1 S-parameter calibration types Calibration type precision Allow pass-through methods Very high All, except the unknown direct SOLT high Defined through or flush through (zero- Enhanced Response high length through)
Page 56 Application: Used to precisely calibrate any pair of ports when no calibration kits are readily Available. Note: Difference matching calibration may be required (Delta Match Cal) Overall accuracy: Very high Calibration kits required: Straight, reflection, line, or similar combination Corrected system error: •...
Page 57 Required calibration kits: Short circuit, open circuit, load, defined through or flush through Corrected system error: • • Directivity (Source port) Source match (source port) • • Isolation Load matching (receiver port) is • used only to generate Frequency response transmission tracking (receiver transmission trace items •...
Page 58: S Parameter Calibration
• Isolation • Frequency response transmission tracking Power calibration types: Transmitter calibration (internal source power calibration) and receiver calibration. 3.3 S parameter calibration 3.3.1 S parameter calibration Kit management Overview 3.3.1.1 For most applications, the default calibration kit models provide sufficient accuracy for your calibration.
Page 59 Figure 3-2 Manage Cal Kits A. Edit the Existing Cal Kit. B. Import the customized Cal Kit. C. Save the existing Cal kits and change the file name. D. Create a new custom Cal Kit. E. Select the Cal Kit. F.
Page 60 Figure 3-3 The Connectors Tab interface A. Connector Family: Click the down arrow to select the connector family associated with the Cal Kit. B. Add: Starts the Add Connector dialog box which allows you to add a new connector type to the calibration kit.
Page 61 Standards Tab 3.3.1.3 Allows you to Add, Edit, or Delete cal standards in a cal kit. In the "Standard" tab, click "Add" to add the Standard sample. Figure 3-4 add standard interface Standards dialog box help, the following fields apply to ALL standard types. Figure 3-5 The help dialog of the Standard A.
Page 62 D. Delay Characteristics Delay: Defines the one-way travel time from the calibration plane to the standard in seconds. Z0: Defines the impedance of the standard. Loss: Defines energy loss in Gohms, due to skin effect, along a one-way length of coaxial cable. Open Standard C0, C1, C2, C3: Specify the fringing capacitance.
Page 63 THRU Standard Figure 3-9 THRU Characteristics SOLT Tab 3.3.1.4 Allows you to assign single or multiple standards to SOLT Calibration Classes. For each Cal Kit Class, select Available Standards from the left list, then click >> to copy the standard to the Cal Kit Use Move Up and Move Down to change the ORDER of the standards.
Page 64 TRL Tab Allows you to assign single or multiple standards to Calibration Classes. For each Cal Kit Class, select Available Standards from the left list, then click >> to copy the standard to the Cal Kit. Use Move Up and Move Down to change the ORDER of the standards. Figure 3-11 TRL dialog box A.
Page 65 C. TRL LINE The LINE and THRU standards establish the reference impedance for the measurement after the calibration is completed. TRL calibration is limited by the following restrictions of the LINE standard • Must be of the same impedance and propagation constant as the THRU standard. •...
Page 66 Press “Cal” > Cal > Cal Kit > F503ME > Save . Select the existing F503ME Cal Kit then save it to a local file named ”F503ME123.xkt”. Figure 3-12 Creating a Custom Cal Kit dialog box Figure 3-13 Save the ECal Kit In the Manage Cal Kits dialog box, click "Import"...
Page 67 Figure 3-14 Import the new ECal Kit Select the newly imported calibration, click "Edit" to enter the calibration editing interface, and modify the calibration name as "F530ME-ABC". SNA5000A Vector Network Analyzer User Manual...
Page 68 Figure 3-15 Edit the new import ECal Kit Click the Connectors, Standards, SOLT, and TRL Tabs to modify the corresponding parameters as you need. 5. Click “OK” for the changed Cal Kit to take effect. Method 2：Create a custom Cal Kit directly for new connector types. 1.
Page 69: S Parameter Calibration Wizard
Figure 3-16 View the newly created Cal Kit 3.3.2 S Parameter calibration wizard S parameter user calibration can be started after selecting the required S parameter calibration type in the calibration wizard and setting the corresponding parameters. Operating instructions: Press the Cal key, use the knob or the arrow key to make the focus fall on Basic Cal, and press Enter to enter the setting interface of the calibration kit: Figure 3-17 Calibration wizard interface Select the number of ports to be calibrated from the port menu in the calibration wizard...
Page 70 option, and select the corresponding calibration method from the Cal Type drop-down option, as shown in the figure below: Figure 3-18 Calibration wizard interface After the calibration is set, a specific calibration item interface will appear as shown in the figure below.
Page 71: Open Response Calibration
Figure 3-20 Calibration wizard interface 3.3.3 Open Response Calibration When a single port is used for open-circuit response calibration, the reflection tracking error in the error model of the test device can be calculated by only connecting the OPEN calibration element to the test port.
Page 72: Short Circuit Response Calibration
4. Select only Port1 or Port2, select the required calibration kit in the Cal Kit, select the Type of calibration element connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, select Response(Open) in the Cal Type, and click Next to proceed to the next step. 5.
Page 73: Transmission Response Calibration (Two Ports)
1. Preset Vector network analyzer. 2. Set internal source output power, IF bandwidth, scan points, test frequency band, and other parameters. 3. Select Cal→Basic Cal to enter the setting interface. 4. Select only Port1 or Port2, select the desired calibration kit in the Cal Kit, select the Type of calibration connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, select OSL (Open, Short, Load) in the Cal Type, and click Next to proceed to the next step.
Page 74: Enhanced Response Calibration (Two Ports)
of calibration connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, Select Response (Thru) 1→2 or Response(Thru) 2→1 in the Cal Type (the difference is to test S21 or S12), and click Next to proceed to the next step. 5. Connect the Thru calibration element between the test ports according to the interface prompts, click Thru for calibration, and click Finish to exit the calibration interface, complete the calibration, and save the calibration data.
Page 75: Solr Unknown Through Calibration (Two Ports)
Figure 3-24 Error model diagram Operating steps: 1. Preset vector network analyzer. 2. Set internal source output power, IF bandwidth, scan points, test frequency band, and other parameters. 3. Select Cal→Basic Cal to enter the Settings screen. 4. Select both Port 1 and Port 2, select the desired calibration kit in the Cal Kit, select the type of calibration connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, select SOLT in the Cal Type, and click Next to proceed to the next step.
Page 76: Trl Direct Reflection Transmission Line Calibration (Two Ports)
Operating steps: 1. Preset vector network analyzer. 2. Set internal source output power, IF bandwidth, scan points, test frequency band, and other parameters. 3. Select Cal→Basic Cal to enter the Settings screen. 4. Select both Port 1 and Port 2, select the desired calibration kit in the Cal Kit, select the Type of calibration Connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, select SOLR in the Cal Type, and click Next to proceed to the next step.
Page 77: Internal Source Power Calibration
Type of calibration kit Connector, Female or Male, in the DUT Connector, select TRL in the Cal Type, and click Next to proceed to the next step. 5. According to the interface prompts, connect the THRU calibration kit, Reflect (Open or Short) calibration element, and Line on a Port 1 in turn, and click the corresponding Thru, Reflect, and Line items in turn to complete the Port 1 calibration.
Page 78 Figure 3-26 Set the interface Power calibration operation steps: 1. Connect the port-under-test to a compatible power meter (Keysight U2000 series, R&S NRP series, etc..) and probe to ensure normal communication between the vector network analyzer and the power meter. 2.
Page 79: Receiver Calibration
3.5 Receiver calibration The vector network analyzer receiver power has been factory calibrated, but the factory calibration may not guarantee sufficient accuracy in every situation. The user can conduct a receiver power calibration before the test to improve the test accuracy. To ensure the calibration accuracy of the receiver, it is better to calibrate the power of the internal source before the calibration of the receiver.
Page 80: Port Extension
3.6 Port extension Eliminating the errors of test fixturing can be a difficult task. The port extension function of a vector network analyzer is a good method to eliminate the error of test fixtures. The calibration of S parameters is usually carried out by the user at the plane where the RF cable is connected to the test fixture, typically a connector (SMA, N-type, etc..).
Page 81 If the transmission line has loss, the loss of the transmission line can be added, including DC and AC loss. The AC loss can be selected as LOSS1 at the single-frequency point or LOSS1 and LOSS2 at the dual-frequency point. Among them, the fitting algorithm for two forms of AC loss are: Single-frequency point loss Loss1: Loss(f) = Loss1 * (f/Freq1) ^ 0.5...
Page 82 Figure 3-29 Automatic port extension setting interface Automatic port extension operation steps: 1. Perform the appropriate calibration type (SOLT, etc..) on the associated cabling before entering Port Extensions. 2. Select Cal→Port Extension→Auto Port Extension to enter the Settings screen. 3. Select the port you want to extend. Refer to practical application scenarios, select Port 1 or Port 2, or both ports.
Page 83: Fixture Measurement Function
S parameters are used. Selecting the adjustment mismatch item can increase the loss of the fixture so that the peak value of the ripple is below 0 dB. Although this will increase the error, it can prevent the numerical instability of S parameters from appearing when it is used. 7.
Page 84 other words, all the uncovered low-frequency parameters are replaced by the first point in the S2P file and all the uncovered high-frequency parameters are replaced by the last point in S2P file making the frequency range of the S2P file the same as the frequency range of the current interface.
Page 85 Figure 3-32-port impedance conversion 2-port de-embed operation steps: 1. Ensure that the user has completed the S parameter calibration and obtained the S parameters of the DUT. 2. Select Cal→Fixtures→Fixture Setup→2-Port DeEmbed to enter the Settings screen. 3. Select the port and select the form of de-embedding to import an S2P File. Click User S2P File to import the S parameter of the fixture part that needs to be removed.
Page 86 Figure 3-33 de-embedding interface N-port embedding/de-embedding operation steps: 1. Ensure that the user has completed the S parameter calibration and obtained the S parameters of the DUT. 2. Select Cal→Fixtures→Fixture Setup→N-Port DeEmbed to enter the Settings screen. 3. Select the topology type. There are 3 topology types: A (using network 1) B (using network 1 and 3)
Page 87 When the frequency range in the S2P file of the imported matching module is less than the frequency range set by the current interface, such as when the Enable Extrapolation item is not checked, the system will extrapolate the S2P file by default. In other words, all the uncovered low-frequency parameters are replaced by the first point in the S2P file, and all the uncovered high-frequency parameters are replaced by the last point in the S2P file, making the frequency range of the S2P file the same as the...
Page 88: Adapter Removal / Insertion Function
It is necessary to manually set the parameter values of L, R, G, and C components if the circuit model is used. Checking the Enable Differential Port Matching tab means that all ports are matched. When the frequency range in the S2P file of the imported matching module is less than the frequency range set by the current interface, the system will extrapolate the S2P file by default.
Page 89 Figure 3-36 Adapter removal and insertion functions Adapter removal operation steps: 1. Connect the test cable of the vector network analyzer to the adapter, and configure the parameters of the network analyzer. First, perform the full 2-port calibration. 2. Select Cal→Adapter Removal to go to the Settings screen and select Remove in the Adapter tab.
Page 90: Ecal
Figure 3-37 Adapter removal and insertion function calibration interface Adapter insertion operation Steps: 1. Remove any test cables from the ports of the analyzer and perform a full 2-port calibration. 2. Select Cal→Adapter Removal to go to the Settings screen and select Insert in the Adapter tab.
Page 91: Ecal Config
There are fewer uncertain factors in the calibration process, and the probability of ⚫ electronic calibration being affected by misoperation is reduced because there is no need for multiple connection processes. Use ECal to perform calibration Connect the USB port on the ECal module with the USB port on the front panel of VNA via a USB cable.
Page 92: Confidence Check
Figure 3-39 ECal config menu A． Select the number of ports to calibrate and configure the port number. Using ECal, you can perform 1-Port Reflection calibration, Full 2-Port calibration, Full 3-Port calibration, and Full 4-Port calibration. B． Select the Cal Type. C．...
Page 93: Orientation
Figure 3-40 Confidence Check Compare the data-trace with the memory trace and verify that the measurement is correct. The steps to compare when both data and memory traces are displayed are as below: Press “Math” on the front panel,Press “Math” > Memory > Math > Data + Memory. Press “Scale”...
Page 94: Characterization
Figure 3-41 Manual port setting 3.9.5 Characterization Press “Cal” on the front panel, press “Cal” >Cal >Characterization >Factory to view all the parameters of the stored Characterization in the ECal module. Figure 3-42 The factory information of Cal Kit A. The date when the characteristics were measured B.
Page 95: Data Analysis
4 Data analysis 4.1 Marker The marker can display defined measurement data of traces. Each trace can set nine ordinary markers and one reference marker. Ordinary marker: Press the Marker button on the front panel, click Add Marker in the Marker submenu to create a marker, then set the required test frequency.
Page 96 to the actual data, not the real measured data. By setting the value discretization of the marker, the value of the marker can only be taken at the sampling point, which ensures that the marker’s value is from the measurement data and not interpolated data. To open the value discretization mode, click the Discrete to select the On option, at this time, the data of the marker is only selected from the sampling points, when the coordinate value of the marker is not in...
Page 97 Figure 4-1 Data format interface 5. Marker coupling: The newly created marker turns off coupling by default. At this time, the marker is only set on a single trace, and the markers on different traces do not affect each other. If we need multiple markers on different traces to share settings, we can use the marker coupling function.
Page 98 function. Click the Marker Table to select the On state, a table will appear at the bottom left to display all marker’s values, click the Marker Table again to select the Off option to close the marker table. Marker function: Press the Marker button on the front panel, use the current marker to set the excitation in the Marker Function submenu.
Page 99 The marker can be used to search the maximum value, minimum value, peak value, and target value of the trace in the specified search domain. It can also search for multi-peak value, multi-target, bandwidth filtering, and band-stop filtering. 1. Search domain: The search domain is the frequency span included in a marker search operation.
Page 100 Threshold: For the positive peak, only the peak whose measured value is greater than the threshold is considered valid; for the negative peak, only the peak whose measured value is less than the threshold is considered valid; when the polarity of the peak is set to Both, the threshold is not used as the basis for judging the validity of the peak.
Page 101 right side of the target point is greater than that on the left side, while the negative target conversion type means that the measured value on the right side of the target point is less than that on the left side. Click the Transition command in the Target submenu to select the conversion type to search for.
Page 102: Mathematical Operation
button on the front panel, click the Tracking command, and select the search type in the pop-up menu; the search in the tracking mode uses the search parameter settings in the above search. 8. Bandwidth search: Press the Search button on the front panel to search the bandwidth in the Bandwidth submenu.
Page 103: Conversion
perform four kinds of mathematical operations on the current data-trace and memory trace. In addition, it can calculate and display statistical data (mean, standard deviation, and peak-peak) on the data-trace. In addition, through the built-in formula editor, you can use multiple types of traces from the same or different channels to build custom formulas.
Page 104: Equation Editor
�� 2 × √ �� × �� − (�� + �� ⚫ 1/S: Reciprocal of S parameter. ⚫ Conjugation: Convert the measured value to a complex conjugate number. Figure 4-3 Parameter conversion type When both the fixture simulation measurement function and the port impedance function are in the "on"...
Page 105 and the directivity is not the measurement parameter of the vector network analyzer, then the formula editor can be used to complete the measurement, and the result is the sum and difference of the traces in logarithmic amplitude format, that is S12 + S23 - S13. Because the formula editor operates on linear complex data, the actual required formula is S12 * S23 / S13.
Page 106 ⚫ : Move the cursor to the left without clearing the characters. ⚫ →: Move the cursor to the right without clearing the character. ⚫ Backspace: Clear the character while moving the marker to the left. ⚫ Clear: Clear the currently entered formula. ⚫...
Page 107 C (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) F21 conversion = (1/Z0)*((1-a)*(1-d) - b*c)/(2*b) C (scalar i, scalar j) returns C(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj) D (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) F22 conversion = ((1-a)*(1+d) + b*c)/(2*b) D (scalar i, scalar j) returns D(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj) H11 (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d)
Page 108 mu2 (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) μ-factor = (1 - abs(d)^2) / (abs(a - conj(d) * (a*d-b*c)) + abs(b*c)) mu2 (scalar i, scalar j) Returns mu2(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj) T11 (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) T11 conversion = -(a*d - b*c)/b T11 (scalar i, scalar j) Returns T11(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj)
Page 109 Z21 (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) Z21 conversion = Z0*(2*b)/((1-a)*(1-d) - b*c) Z21 (scalar i, scalar j) Returns Z21(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj) Z22 (complex a, complex b, complex c, complex d) Z22 conversion = Z0*((1-a)*(1+d) + b*c)/((1-a)*(1-d) - b*c) Z22 (scalar i, scalar j) Returns Z22(Sii, Sji, Sij, Sjj)
Page 110 S parameter convert to H parameter ( 1 + �� )( 1 + �� ) − �� = �� ∙ ( 1 − �� )( 1 + �� ) + �� 2 ∙ �� ( 1 − �� )( 1 + ��...
Page 111: Trace Statistics
( 1 − �� )( 1 + �� ) + �� 2 ∙ �� S parameter convert to T parameter −�� −�� = �� − �� ...
Page 112: Limit Test
Figure 4-5 Statistical data interface 4.6 Limit test Limit Line is a test form that can visualize test data and results. The limit test compares the measured data with the defined limit and provides the qualified or unqualified judgment information of each measured data point. Limit line and limit test are not suitable for smith chart and polar coordinate display formats, and limit line and limit test functions are automatically disabled for these display types.
Page 113 Limit table: ⚫ Show table: Check this box to open a table at the bottom of the screen to create and edit limits. ⚫ Load table: Call the saved limit table, The saved format of the limit table is CSV by default. Global pass/fail: Pass/fail indicator is a convenient way to monitor all measurement status.
Page 114: Ripple Limit Test
End response: Response of the limit line’s ending point. 4.7 Ripple limit test The ripple limit test function can be performed independently of the limit test function, and the ripple limit can be set to evaluate whether the measurement result is qualified or unqualified.
Page 115: Bandwidth Limit Test
passes. Ripple table: ⚫ Show table: Check this box to display a table at the bottom of the screen for creating and editing limits. ⚫ Load table: Call the saved ripple limit table. ⚫ Save table: Save the ripple limit table, the saved format of the ripple table is CSV by default.
Page 116: Time Domain
Figure 4-10 Bandwidth test setting interface Bandwidth test: ⚫ Bandwidth test on: Check this box to set the bandwidth limit test state to on. ⚫ Bandwidth marker on: Check this box to display the bandwidth on the screen. ⚫ Sound on fail: When this box is selected, an alarm will sound when the bandwidth limit test fails.
Page 117 Figure 4-11 Time domain setting interface Transform switch: Check the transform switch to switch to time-domain mode. Start time: Set the start time of transformation displayed. Stop time: Set the stop time of transformation displayed. Center time: Set the center time of transformation displayed. Time span: Set the time span of the transformation displayed on the screen of VNA.
Page 118: Gating
proportional to the starting frequency. Recalculate the start frequency and step frequency as the harmonics of the starting frequency. Calculate the starting frequency according to the formula of low pass start frequency = stop frequency/points. The calculated value must not be less than the minimum frequency of the vector network analyzer.
Page 119: Window
Notch: Remove response using the gating span. ⚫ Gate shape: Set the filter characteristics of the gating function. There are four options: minimum, normal, wide, and maximum. The parameter definition of the gating function is shown in the figure below: Gat e shape B andwidt h ripple Gat e marker...
Page 120: Coupling
Figure 4-14 Window setting interface Three methods of setting window size: Minimum-maximum: Use the mouse or touch screen to move the slider to ⚫ change the window size. Kaiser Beta: Use the value of Kaiser Beta to change the window size. ⚫...
Page 121 domain and time-domain measurement parameters at the same time, first turn on the coupling switch and select all the gating parameters in the coupling setting interface, at the same time, the parameters of gate span are changed in time domain measurement, the frequency-domain measurement parameters will be changed automatically to reflect the effect the time domain gate span parameters are modified.
Page 122: Marker
4.9.5 Marker When a marker is added to a time-domain parameter, the distance parameter is automatically displayed in the marker reading. These settings only affect the display of all markers of the active measurement (Unless the distance marker unit is coupled in the trace coupling box).
Page 123: Guide For The Tdr Option
5 Guide For The TDR Option 5.1 Overview Measured frequency responses can be transformed to the time domain to analyze the time-domain characteristics of the DUT. The TDR option provides the time domain reflection/transmission analysis functions and eye diagram simulation function, which can help users save time and money by minimizing the need for other test equipment Time domain analysis also has some irreplaceable advantages: 1.
Page 124: Open/Close/Preset Tdr Option
5. If there are too many windows or too much information in a window to observe the information or traces, it will be useful to maximize the window or trace. 5.2 Open/Close/Preset TDR Option To switch on the TDR option, use the order Math->TDR->TDR, then the button "On" will be selected.
Page 125: Deskew & Loss Compensation
of the fixtures to nothing or the OPEN calibration kit. Then click the Deskew button in the dialog, and click the Finish button after a mark appears at the Deskew button to finish the Deskew calibration. Click the Option button to open the Deskew Option dialog, in which you can select the calibration type or operate the calibration one-by-one for each port.
Page 126: Tdr Channel Setup
5.5 TDR Channel Setup When the TDR function is activated, the current state is saved, and all existing traces and channels are deleted, and a new channel is added for the option. When the option is closed, all traces and the channel being used are deleted, and the instrument is returned to the state before TDR was opened.
Page 127: Port Impedance
5.5.4 Port Impedance The port impedance can be set in the Ref. Z textbox in the More Function bar of the Setup tab, which defines the reference impedance to calculate the impedance values of the traces under the format Impedance. 5.5.5 Velocity Factor &...
Page 128: Tdr Trace Setup
sweep completion, the trigger mode is set to Hold/Stop. Continuous/Run means that the trigger signal starts and continuously sweeps. To switch the trigger mode to Continuous/Run, click the Run button at the top of the TDR toolbar. To switch the trigger mode to Single, click the Stop/Single button at the top of the TDR toolbar.
Page 129: Memory Trace Management
bar: The first scale line on the left or the center scale line. The reference position of the vertical axis is the center scale line by default. The vertical axis of the traces in the frequency domain has no concern with the sweep setting of the channel, only to set the displayed span of the trace data 5.6.3 Memory Trace Management Memory trace management is in the Data/Mem pull-down menu at the top of the TDR...
Page 130: Stimulus In Time Domain
value in the Stim. Ampl. textbox in the Basic bar of the Setup tab. Intrinsically, the Volt format means the trace data is a product of the T parameters and the magnitude of the stimulus signal. Click the measure parameter button in the grids on the left of the Parameter bar, the measurement parameter of the current trace switches to the corresponding parameter.
Page 131: Trace Setup Coupling
5.6.8 Trace Setup Coupling To switch on or off the time domain or marker coupling, click the Time domain or Marker checkbox in the Coupling box in the Trace Control bar of the TDR/TDT tab. 5.6.9 Time Domain Gating The time-domain gating function transforms the time domain response into the frequency domain after removing a part of the response.
Page 132: Rise Time Search
5.7.2 Rise Time Search Rise time search is only available for the trace in the time domain, which searches for the rising or falling edge, sets a label to the start and stop, and displays the transition type and time at the top left corner of the window if successful. It's a tracking search, the results update if the trace data changes.
Page 133: File & Data Output
the trace is Impedance of the reflection T parameters. To switch on or off the function, click the Peeling checkbox in the Parameter bar of the TDR/TDT tab. 5.7.5 File & Data Output In the File pull-down menu at the top of the TDR toolbar, there are some shortcuts for file operation and data output.
Page 134 Type Bit Pattern Length Generator Depends on the users, PRBS Generated by a virtual PRBS generator limited in 2 -1, n = 3,5,7,9,11,13,15 K28.5 "00111110101100000101" (20 bits) User limited between 2 and 8192 Imported from a user-defined file Bit Pattern Type 5.8.2.1 To change the input bit pattern types, click the Type pull-down menu in the Stimulus box of the Eye/Mask tab.
Page 135: Stimulus Signal Setup
5.8.3 Stimulus Signal Setup Logic Level 5.8.3.1 To change the logic level of the input signal, set the value in the One Lv. or Zero Lv. textbox in the Stimulus box. Data Rate 5.8.3.2 The data rate of the signal is the number of bits transmitted per second, which reflects the base frequency of the signal.
Page 136: Eye Diagram Scale Management
5.8.5 Eye Diagram Scale Management By default, the eye diagram is displayed in the automatic scale settings, which show the details as clearly as possible. They can also be manually changed. The scale settings in the vertical axis can be changed manually. But those in the horizontal axis depend on the data rate of the input signal, which can't be changed after the simulation starts.
Page 137: Tdr Advanced Waveform Function
To change the settings of the jitter injection, click the Advanced Waveform button in the Stimulus box of the Eye/Mask tab, or click the buttons in the Adv Waveform bar of the Setup tab, to open the Advanced Waveform dialog. Click the Jitter button at the top of the dialog to switch to enter the jitter setting interface.
Page 138: Emphasis/De-Emphasis
Click the ratio button after the DUT icon, switch the viewpoint to responses, and set the trigger mode to Continuous/Run. The transmission parameters show the responses processed by emphasis/de-emphasis, DUT, and equalization. 5.9.2 Emphasis/De-emphasis Because of the lowpass characteristics of transmission systems, the high-frequency components in the signal have higher losses than those at lower frequencies and the phenomenon becomes more serious as the transmission distance increases.
Page 139: Create A Spectrum Analysis Channel
6.2 Create a Spectrum Analysis Channel Press “Meas “on the front panel , click S-Params > Other… > Measurement Class to open the Measurement Class dialog box. Select Spectrum Analyzer, then either click Active Channel (delete the existing measurement ) or New Channel then click OK. A Spectrum Analysis measurement is displayed in a new channel and New Window.
Page 140: Spectrum Analyzer Settings
After Spectrum Analysis measurement is displayed, press the Meas > SA > Other… to enter the Measure dialog box and select the receiver used for measurement. Figure 6-3 the interface of the Measure dialog box 6.3 Spectrum Analyzer Settings 6.3.1 Basic Setup Press “Freq”...
Page 141 Figure 6-4 frequency setting menu The frequency range of a channel can be expressed by three parameters: Start Frequency, Center Frequency and Stop Frequency. If any of the parameters change, the others will be adjusted automatically in order to ensure the coupling relationship among them: , Where is the span.
Page 142 same value. Center Frequency 6.3.1.3 Set the center frequency of the current sweep. The center frequency and span values are displayed at the bottom of the grid respectively. ● Modifying the center frequency will modify both the start frequency and stop frequency when the span is constant (except when the start frequency or stop frequency reaches the boundary).
Page 143: Processing Setup
Min: Selects 3 acquisitions. Better: Selects 5 acquisitions. Max: Selects 6 acquisitions. Note: Only 3 sets of data can be acquisitions at most when the frequency point is below 40MHz. 6.3.2 Processing setup Press the “AvgBw” on the front panel,prss AvgBW > SA to enter the menu interface of processing setup menu.
Page 144 6.3.2.2 Set the video bandwidth in order to filter out the noise outside the video band. ● Reducing the VBW will smooth the trace and helps to highlight small signals from noise, but it will also increase the sweep time (Sweep Time is affected by a combination of RBW and VBW when it is in Auto mode).
Page 145 noise or noise-like signal. Normal Normal detector (also called ROSENFELL Detector) displays the maximum value and the minimum value of the sample data segment in turn: Odd-numbered data points display the maximum value and even-numbered data points display the minimum value. In this way, the amplitude variation range of the signal is clearly shown.
Page 146: Other Features
6.4 Other features Press “Search” on the front panel, click “Band Power” to enter the menu interface of BandPower . Figure 6-7 The menu interface of BandPower 6.4.1 Band Power The total power of a specified frequency span.Before turning on the Band Power function the marker point position and the frequency span should have be set.
Page 147: Band Noise
Figure 6-8 Example of enabling Band Power 6.4.2 Band Noise Specifies the normalization of the total power of a frequency span,(the power density). Before turning on the Band Noise function the marker point position and the frequency span should have be set. The vertical dashed lines on either side of the marker indicate the span.
Page 148: Occupied Bw
Figure 6-9 Example of enabling Band Power and Band Noise 6.4.3 Occupied BW Integrates the power within the whole span and calculates the bandwidth occupied by this power according to the specified power ratio. Before turning on the Occupied BW function the Occ BW Percent should have be set.
Page 149: Save And Recall
Figure 6-10 Example of enabling Occuiped BW 7 Save and recall The vector network analyzer supports save and recall functions for files of various formats. Press the Save/Recall button on the front panel and select file, data, calibration data, and images to save or recall.
Page 150 Description of supported file formats: ⚫ STA file: The state file contains the configuration parameters (setup) of the instrument. ⚫ CSA file: The calibration data and state file. ⚫ CSV file: Trace data. ⚫ SnP file: Also known as a Touchstone file. It contains the S parameter information.
Page 151: System Setting
File management: Click File Browser command to open the file browser, File management can be carried out in the file browser. Figure 7-2 File management interface 8 System setting Press the System button on the front panel. We can set the IP address, set the date, restore the factory settings, consult the help document, set the buzzer, self-detection, language setting, obtain the software and hardware information of the device, and license management in the menu on the right side of the screen.
Page 152 Communication interface setting: • LAN setting: We can select static or dynamic allocation of LAN-related parameters. Use LAN Status command in System submenu to set LAN parameters. • Set GPIB port number: Use the GPIB command in the System submenu to set the GPIB port number. Firmware upgrade: Store the.ADS file in the firmware upgrade package downloaded from the official website in the U disk root directory, insert the U disk into the USB port of the vector network analyzer,...
Page 153 Hardkeys: The Hardkeys command in the System submenu can be used to open the function of hardkeys on the right side of the screen so that the vector network analyzer can be operated without operating the function keys on the front panel. Figure 8-3 Hardkeys Preset: Preset operation and related settings can be performed in Preset submenu.
Page 154 1. Default: Load default parameters. 2. Last: When the equipment is shut down, the current state will be saved automatically. Use this option to restore to the last shutdown state. 3. User: Restore the equipment to the user-specified state. • User Preset: Use the User Preset command to specify the user preset status information file.
Page 155 Help information: In the Help submenu, we can open the help document (Help command) or view the equipment information (About command). Buzzer: We can set the sound in the Buzzer submenu. • Buzzer: Use the Buzzer command to turn the device sound on or off. •...
Page 156 Self-Test: In the Self Test submenu, we can perform keyboard self-test (Key Test command), touch screen self-test (Touch Test command), screen self-test (Screen Test command) and LED self test (LED Test command). System language: The Language command in the Language submenu can be used to change the language of the equipment.
Page 157: Service And Support
9 Service and support 9.1 Ordering and activating the options There are two ways for you: 1. Pre-activate the options by Siglent factory. If you order a instrument and options, Siglent factory will activate the options for you before delivery. 2.
Page 158: Warranty Overview
9.2 Warranty overview SIGLENT guarantees that the products produced and sold will not have defects in technology materials and within three years from the date of delivery by authorized distributors. If the product is defective within the warranty period, SIGLENT will provide repair or replacement service according to the detailed provisions of the warranty.
Page 159 We firmly believe that today SIGLENT is the best value in electronic test & measurement. Headquarters: SIGLENT Technologies Co., Ltd Add: Bldg No.4 & No.5, Antongda Industrial Zone, 3rd Liuxian Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518101, China...

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