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Product Description HiPAP ® High Precision Acoustic Positioning Model 501/451/351/101 This document describes the High Precision Acoustic Positioning (HiPAP®) systems. The HiPAP ® systems are designed for optimal positioning of subsea objects in both shallow and deep water. The HiPAP ®...
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Kongsberg Maritime. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information contained within it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of Kongsberg Maritime.
Product Description 1 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT 1.1 Contents ® This document covers the complete HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 systems. It provides a general description of the systems, each module, the functions and technical specifications. It also includes outline dimension drawing of the main units.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 2 HIPAP® SYSTEM – SHORT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Systems The HiPAP® systems are designed to provide accurate positions of subsea objects such as Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), towed bodies or fixed seabed transponders. To achieve the accuracy, the HiPAP® system uses unique signal processing techniques.
Product Description HiPAP® 501 The HiPAP® 501 has a full spherical transducer body including 241 transducer elements. This model has close to full accuracy in the half sphere sector and is the preferred system where the best possible performance is required. The HiPAP® 501 can also track targets above the half sphere sector.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 HiPAP® 351 The HiPAP® 351 has a spherical transducer with a cylindrical body including 46 transducer elements. This model has good accuracy in the ± 60º sector and is suited for operations where the major positioning objects are within this sector. The total coverage is ±...
Product Description 2.2 Operating modes SSBL - Positions various targets by directional and range measurements, using a unique processing technique that provides very high accuracy. LBL - Positions the surface vessel by simultaneously use of combined directional and range measurements to transponders in an LBL array.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS 3.1 HiPAP® systems A HiPAP® system may be configured in several different ways, from a single system to a redundant system with several operator stations. Some configurations are described below. See the system diagrams with all types of transducers on pages 9, 10 and 11.
Product Description 3.4 Dual HiPAP® system A dual system applies for the HiPAP® 501 only. HiPAP® is designed to operate two sets of transceivers / transducers, both operated from the same operator station(s). See the system diagram on page 11. The dual system uses both transducers to measure the position of one single target (transponder / responder) by controlling beam forming and directional measurement separately for each...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Redundancy improvement The two transducers will normally be installed at different locations onboard. One transducer may then have a better location with respect to noise environments and reflections than the other. The computed position will be a weighted mean of these two measurements, if one of the systems fails to receive a reply, the other system may still receive it and the position will still be computed.
Product Description HiPAP with Transceiver unit Model x81 Operator Station Motion sensor Heading sensor Data output Ethernet Hull switch/ Unit Converter Fibre Splice Hoist Responder Driver Unit Control Unit (option) Junction Responder Ethernet interfaced Transceiver unit with APOS/APC Model x81 Remote Control Unit...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 HiPAP with Transceiver unit Model x21 Operator Station Motion sensor Heading sensor Data output Ethernet Hull switch/ Unit Converter Hoist Responder Fibre Splice Junction Control Unit Driver Unit (option) Responder Ethernet interfaced with APOS/APC Transceiver unit Model x21 Remote Control Unit...
Product Description HiPAP redundant system This illustration shows an example of a HiPAP redundant system. Operator Station Operator Station Operator Station Motion sensor Motion sensor Motion sensor Heading sensor Heading sensor Heading sensor Ethernet Ethernet Responder switch/ Responder switch/ Converter Converter Dual Ethernet (Cd31085)
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 4 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS A HiPAP® system consists of a wide range of functions. A function is selected by the operator. The basic systems have standard functions included, to ensure normal operation. The systems may be delivered with additional options selected from the system option list.
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Product Description Description Reg. No. Transponder release Read battery status Read sensor data Position and angle alarm ® APOS software for HiPAP or HPR 400 providing alarm for transponder position and riser angle alarm APOS Depth sensor interface APOS software for interfacing a depth sensor for depth compensation of position.
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Description Reg. No. HiPAP® 451 SSBL function 886-220734 NOTE: Export license is required. ® APOS software for HiPAP 450 SSBL operation including: Transponder positioning Responder positioning Serial interface for gyro and VRU or attitude sensor (maximum 3 units total) ...
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Product Description Description Reg. No. HiPAP® 351P SSBL function 356186 NOTE: Export license is required. ® APOS software for HiPAP SSBL operation including: Transponder positioning Responder positioning Serial interface for gyro and VRU or attitude sensor (maximum 3 units total) SSBL simulator for training HiPAP®...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Description Reg. No. 886-212748 LBL function APOS software for Long Base Line operation using HPR 408/418 ® or HiPAP , including: Calibration of transponder array in local grid Positioning of vessel/ROV in LBL array Necessary transponder telemetry ...
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Product Description Description Reg. no 886-212753 Inclinometer Mode ® APOS software for HiPAP or HPR 400 inclinometer transponder operation Compass Transponder Mode 886-212754 ® APOS software for HiPAP or HPR 400 compass transponder operation GEO LBL Calibration 886-212755 ® APOS software for HiPAP or HPR 400 for calibration of LBL array in geographical co-ordinates.
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Description Reg. no 886-212761 APOS External synch ® APOS software for synchronising HiPAP or HPR 400 transceivers to external equipment. APOS ACS BOP function 886-212765 APOS software in the HPR or HiPAP system for telemetry to ACS 4xx / ACS 3xx system used on BOP.
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Product Description Description Reg. no APOS Remus SSBL Function 356185 ® APOS software for HiPAP SSBL positioning of REMUS AUV transponders. ® This function requires that the system already has both the HiPAP SSBL function (reg. no.: 212746 or 886-214927 or 886-220734 or ®...
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Description Reg. no APOS Remus SSBL LF Function 368775 APOS software for HiPAP® SSBL positioning of REMUS AUV transponders. This option is for positioning Remus low frequency wide band transponders. This function requires that the system already has both any of the HiPAP®...
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Product Description Description Reg. no 317748/F...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 5 SYSTEM UNITS A HiPAP® system consists of the following main units: Operator station Transceiver unit Hull unit with transducer and hoist control Gate valve and mounting flange Each transducer requires a dedicated hull unit arrangement and transceiver unit.
Product Description Figure 1 APOS presentation Operator Station configuration A HiPAP® system may be configured with the Operator Station in two ways: Stand-alone computer, monitor, keyboard and trackball. Operator console, integrated with the Dynamic Positioning (DP). Standard operator station Computer The HiPAP®...
A standard off the shelf unit is used. Operator console If the HiPAP® system is delivered together with a Kongsberg DP system the operator station may be a standard Kongsberg DP console. 5.2 Ethernet switch/Converter The Ethernet switch/Converter has the following functions: ...
Product Description The unit is designed for bulkhead mounting close to the hull unit. The transceiver units are equipped with different filter boards for HiPAP® 100 and HiPAP® 501/541/351. 5.5 Responder Driver Unit (option) The Responder Driver Unit provides responder trigger signals to responders.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 5.7 Hull units The HiPAP® hull unit enables the transducer to be lowered, by either local or remote control, through the vessel’s hull to a depth sufficient to minimise the effects of noise and air layers below the vessel. The hull unit is installed on top of a gate valve, which can be closed during maintenance (cleaning) of the transducer.
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Product Description Mounting flange There are two different flanges available one with 500 mm aperture and one with 350 mm aperture. Standard height is 600 mm. Optional length is available on request. Hoist Control Unit This unit holds the power supplies and control logic for the hoist and lower operation of the hull unit.
The HiPAP® system can use the same as the Dynamic Positioning (DP) system (if one is fitted). The sensor may or may not be a part of the Kongsberg Maritime delivery. In any case, the unit is documented separately by the applicable manufacturer.
Product Description 6.5 Attitude sensors These sensors integrate rate gyros, accelerometer and GPS to provide an accurate roll, pitch, heave and heading output. These sensors are superior to traditional gyros and motion sensor. The HiPAP® system may be interfaced to such sensors. 6.6 Interface specification The HiPAP®...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 7 TRANSPONDERS The position calculation is based on range and/or direction measurements from the onboard transducer to the subsea transponder(s). For the HiPAP® system, there is a wide range of transponders available. The various transponders models have different depth rating, source level, lifetime, beam pattern and function.
Product Description 7.1 cNODE series ® ® The cNODE series consist of three main models: Maxi transponder - a full size transponder with large battery capacity well suited for seabed deployment and long life operation. Midi transponder - a short transponder with good battery capacity well suited for installation on structures etc.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 7.2 MST series The MST is an SSBL mini transponder suited for ROV operation and where the size of the transponder can be a limiting factor. The transponder models cover various water depths. The MST series consists of the following models: ...
Product Description 8 POSITIONING PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSING The HiPAP® system uses two different principles for positioning; the SSBL and the LBL. These two principles have different properties that make the system flexible for different applications. The SSBL principle is based on a range and direction measurement to one transponder, while the LBL principle is based on range measurements to minimum three transponders on the seabed.
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 The transponder position is presented both numerical and graphically on the operator station. Only one onboard SSBL type transducer is necessary to establish this position. Using a pressure sensor in the subsea transponder can increase position and depth accuracy. The pressure is measured and transmitted to the surface HiPAP®...
Product Description 8.2 LBL positioning Calibration The LBL principle is based on one vessel-mounted transducer, and normally 4 - 6 transponders on the seabed. This seabed transponder array must be calibrated before LBL positioning operations can begin. The calibration shall determine the transponder’s positions in a local geographical co-ordinate frame.
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 The system can take the depth from an ROV-mounted pressure sensor via a serial line. By using this depth in the computation, it will increase the position accuracy of the ROV. The range capabilities of a medium frequency LBL system will be approximately the same as those of an SSBL system.
Product Description Multi-User LBL positioning Several individual vessels and ROV units can now position themselves using the same seabed transponder array. The system and principle has the following main advantages: Provides high position accuracy (comparable to standard LBL). A small number of transponders serve all vessels and ROVs.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Figure 4 Multi-User LBL positioning 8.3 Combined SSBL and LBL positioning The combined SSBL/LBL system uses an onboard multi- element transducer. The system may operate as an SSBL system and as an LBL system simultaneously. As an example, the vessel may be positioned relative to the seabed using LBL while an SSBL transponder/responder on an ROV is positioned relative to the vessel.
Product Description 8.4 HiPAP® processing The HiPAP® system determines the position of a subsea HiPAP® SSBL target (transponder or responder) by controlling a narrow processing reception beam towards its location. The system uses a digital beam-former, which takes its input from all the transducer elements.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 8.5 Cymbal acoustic protocol Cymbal is the new acoustic protocol used for both positioning of subsea transponder in SSBL/LBL mode and data communication to and from transponders. Technology Cymbal utilizes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) signals for positioning and data communication. The data communication speed is variable and can be adapted to the acoustic communication conditions;...
Product Description Multi-path capability The Cymbal protocol is designed to have good multi path properties. The processing technique allows signals to and from the transponder to overlap and still be able to have a correct detection. Position update rate – MultiPing New function that allows higher position updates rate in SSBL mode.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 9 MEASUREMENT COMPENSATION 9.1 Roll - pitch - heading compensation In order to compensate for the vessels roll / pitch / heading movements, vertical reference sensors and heading sensors are interfaced. Data from these sensors are used to compute position data that is relative to horizontal level and to north.
Product Description Figure 5 Sound profile - APOS presentation The sound velocity values may be measured by a probe and transferred to the system. If the depth of the target (transponder) is known either by depth sensor in the transponder or by an ROV depth sensor, these data can be transferred to the system and they will be used in the compensation.
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 In order to simplify and improve the quality of the alignment scenario, the alignment function in APOS is used. By logging the vessel position from GNSS along with the measured HiPAP position of a seabed transponder, the program computes the alignment parameters.
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Product Description Figure 7 Transponder positioning - APOS presentation The figure shows the positions at the seabed transponder in UTM co-ordinates after the compensation values are determined and applied. The various symbols are used so readings from different locations easy can be separated from each other. 317748/F...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 10 APPLICATIONS 10.1 Dynamic Positioning (DP) reference The position data can be used by a DP system as the reference signals for keeping the vessel in the desired position. High position accuracy and reliability ensure a secure and stable reference input to the DP systems.
Product Description A portable control unit, the Acoustic Control Commander (ACC 400), is also available. The ACC 400 contains electronics and batteries for operating the BOP functions. 10.5 Construction work and metrology The HiPAP® system forms a powerful platform for performing several tasks for positioning and acoustic data communication for construction and metrology work: ...
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HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 The accuracy of baseline measurements obtained by use of ® cNODE transponders can be in the order of 0.01 m. However, to obtain this kind of accuracy it is essential that the operator has full control of the sound velocity. The figure below shows an APOS screen dump showing the statistics from a LBL calibration.
Product Description 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 11.1 SSBL accuracy The angular figures are errors in both axis, elevation and orthogonal. The specification is based on: Free line of sight from transducer to transponder. No influence from ray-bending. Signal to Noise ratio in water in the 250 Hz receiver band. ...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Transducer reference point The reference points shown below are the origin for the position measurements. The elevation and orthogonal angles are used in the accuracy curves. HiPAP 500 transducer HiPAP 350 transducer = reference point = reference point A= radius = 196 mm A= radius = 160 mm B= radius = 196 mm...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 HiPAP 501 Performance (Cd31184) The figure above shows the accuracy as a function of signal to noise ratio. The elevation and the orthogonal angles are 0 (at vertical). HiPAP® 451 The HiPAP® 500 transducer is used, and it has the same technical performance as the HiPAP®...
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Product Description Accuracy curves – HiPAP® 351 HiPAP 351 Performance (Cd31185) The figure above shows the accuracy as a function of elevation angle. The signal to noise ratio 10 dB is in the bandwidth. HiPAP 351 Performance (Cd31186) The figure above shows the accuracy as a function of signal to noise ratio.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 HiPAP® 101 HiPAP® 101 system S/N [dB rel. 1Pa] 0.14 Angular Accuracy, 1 [] (At 0 elevation) Range Accuracy, 1 [m] Cymbal, Range Accuracy, 0.02 1 [m] Receiver beam [] +/-60 Coverage [] 11.2 LBL accuracy The position accuracy for LBL operation depends on the transponder array geometry, sound velocity errors and signal to noise ratio.
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Product Description HiPAP LBL horizontal accuracy. Waterdepth 3000m. Sound velocity Cymbal -400 -200 East co-ordinate relative to centre of LBL array Figure 8 LBL position error in the horizontal plane as a function of the East co-ordinate. The North co-ordinate is zero. The blue lines show random error due to acoustics.
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 11.3 Range capabilities The range capabilities of an acoustic system are dependent of the vessels noise level and attenuation of the transponder signal level due to ray bending. The transponder source level and the signal to noise ratio are crucial factors for calculating maximum range capability.
Product Description HiPAP units/transducer cables Part Transceiver cable / Part Hull unit Transceiver unit Transducer Part no. Service dock Part no. HL 2180 Patch cable HL 2180 HiPAP® 500/450 For x81 TU 306068 HiPAP® 500 100-103315 Service dock 500 499-089777 Hull Unit HL 2180 Patch cable HL 2180...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 11.4 Computer Degree of protection: IP 22 Weight: approximately 17 kg Outline dimensions - see drawing in the Drawing file chapter from page 65. Power Voltage: 115 / 230 Vac Selector-switch beside power connector. The power supply must be kept within ± 10% of the unit’s nominal voltage (90-132 VAC / 180-264 VAC).
Product Description 11.6 Trackball A standard off the shelf unit is used. 11.7 Display Outline dimensions - see drawing in the Drawing file chapter from page 65. For more information, refer to separate manual supplied with the display. 11.8 Responder Driver Unit (option) Degree of protection: IP 44...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 11.10 Transceiver units Common data This data is the same for both transceiver units. Degree of protection: IP 44 Power Voltage: 230 Vac The power supply to a HiPAP® transceiver unit must be kept within +10% of the unit’s nominal voltage (180-264 VAC).
Product Description Model x81 Weight: approximately 80 kg (depending on number of PCBs fitted) Outline dimensions - see drawing in the Drawing file chapter from page 65. Main power supply Input: 230 VAC Output: 24 VDC, 12 VDC, 6 VDC, 5 VDC, 3.2 VDC Input: 230 VAC...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Operating: 0° C to +55 °C Storage / operating humidity: 90% / 80% relative Power supply Voltage: 230/440 VAC 3-phase Frequency: 50-60 Hz Consumption max: 1100 W 11.12 Mounting flange Certificates - Lloyd’s and DNV certifications are standard, others on request. DN 500 mm DN 350 mm Specifications...
Product Description Specifications DN 500 gate valve DN 350 gate valve Diameter Internal / Flange: 500 mm / 670 mm 350 mm / 505 mm Securing bolt holes: Quantity: 20 Quantity: 16 Diameter: 26 mm Diameter: 22 mm See also drawing: on page 72 on page 73 11.14 Raise and lower motor...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 11.16 Remote Control Unit Degree of protection: IP 54 Dimensions Outline dimensions - see drawing in the Drawing file chapter from page 65. Power Voltage: 24 VDC (from HCU) Power consumption: Environment Storage temperature: -20 to +65 °C Operational temperature: -0 to +55 °C Storage / operating humidity:...
Product Description 12 DRAWING FILE 12.1 Outline dimensions The outline dimensions shown in this section are for information only and must not be used for installation or manufactory purposes. Part No. Rev. Description Ref. Outline dimensions Computer 365290 on page 66 Keyboard on page 67 Display...
Product Description Responder Driver Unit (option) Note: All measurements are in mm. Cd31148 Page 1 of 1 The drawing is not in scale. 316067 Rev.A 317748/F...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Transceiver Unit Model x81 Note: All measurements are in mm. Cd31093 Page 1 of 2 The drawing is not in scale. 308630 Rev.B 317748/F...
HiPAP Model 501/451/351/101 Hoist Control Unit Note: All measurements are in mm. Cd31028 Page 1 of 1 The drawing is not in scale. 830-102887 Rev.D 317748/F...
Product Description Remote Control Unit Note: All measurements are in mm. Cd31029 Page 1 of 1 The drawing is not in scale. 830-103012 Rev.B 317748/F...
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