Page 1 Cabletron Systems Networking Guide MMAC-FNB™ Solutions...
Page 3 Network Bus , FOMIM , FORMIM , HubSTACK , IRBM , IRM , IRM-2 , IRM-3 , Media Interface Module , MIM , MMAC , MMAC-3 , MMAC-3FNB , MMAC-5 , MMAC-5FNB , MMAC-8 , MMAC- 8FNB , MMAC-M8FNB , MMAC-Plus , MRX , MRXI , MRXI-24 , Multichannel , NB20E , NB25E , NB30 ,...
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Using This Guide ... 1-1 Organization of Document... 1-1 Conventions of This Document... 1-3 Warnings and Notiﬁcations ... 1-3 Formats and Measures... 1-3 Additional Assistance ... 1-4 Associated Documentation ... 1-4 Chapter 2 Overview of Networking Discussion of Networking... 2-1 Why Network?...
Page 6 Fiber Distributed Data Interface ...3-15 Abstract ...3-15 Theory ...3-15 Operation ...3-16 Strengths and Weaknesses...3-17 Special Design Considerations ...3-18 Chapter 4 Network Design Workgroup Creation...4-2 What Is a Workgroup? ...4-2 Workgroup Establishment Criteria ...4-2 Selecting Workgroup Organization...4-7 Selecting Workgroup Technologies ...4-12 Backbone Planning ...4-13 What Is a Backbone?...4-13 Methods of Conﬁguring Backbones ...4-14...
Page 7 Segmentation - Special Cases... 5-30 Port Assignment ... 5-30 Port Assignment Conﬁguration... 5-31 Design Philosophy ... 5-31 Design Example ... 5-32 Ethernet Switching ... 5-34 Switching Conﬁgurations... 5-35 Permutations ... 5-37 Chapter 6 Token Ring Description ... 6-1 Fault Isolation ... 6-4 Fault Recovery ...
Page 8 Chapter 8 Expansion - Ethernet Simple Ethernet ...8-1 Adding Stations ...8-1 Adding Segmentation ...8-3 Incorporating Token Ring...8-5 Incorporating FDDI ...8-6 Segmented Ethernet...8-8 Adding Users to One Segment ...8-8 Adding Users to Several Segments ...8-9 Incorporating Port Assignment ...8-9 Incorporating Token Ring...8-9 Incorporating FDDI ...8-10 Port Assignment and Virtual LANs ...
Page 9 Appendix A Charts & Tables Network Design Flowcharts ...A-2 Ethernet Network Design Flowchart...A-2 ESXMIM Network Design Flowchart...A-3 Single Token Ring Network Design Flowchart...A-4 Segmented Token Ring Network Design Flowchart ...A-5 Multichannel Token Ring Network Design Flowchart ...A-6 FDDI Backbone Network Design Flowchart...A-7 FDDI Workgroup Network Design...A-8 MMAC Design Tables ...A-9 Ethernet Design Tables ...A-9...
Page 10 viii...
Page 11: Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction Using This Guide The purpose of this Networking Guide is to provide the customers and strategic partners of Cabletron Systems with information which allows them to conﬁgure and expand their own networks. As it is impossible to foresee every possible situation that may arise when a new network must be created or an existing one expanded, this guide deals with several of the most common networking situations.
Page 12 Introduction Following the discussions of the major networking technologies supported, this guide shows how networks, based on the examples from the training sections, can be expanded. The remainder of this guide contains brief descriptions of Cabletron Systems modular chassis products, charts and tables which supply much of the information that the network design process requires, and an extensive glossary of the terms used within this guide and in other Cabletron Systems publications.
Page 13: Conventions Of This Document
Conventions of This Document Warnings and Notiﬁcations NOTE Caution symbol. Used to caution against an action that could result in damage to equipment or poor equipment performance. CAUT ION Tip symbol. Used to convey helpful hints concerning procedures or actions which would assist the operator in performing the task in a more timely manner in the future.
Page 14: Additional Assistance
Introduction Additional Assistance This publication describes many possible network conﬁgurations and designs. Due to the nearly limitless possibilities involved in network design, there are some aspects of the design process which are not addressed in this guide. If you have any doubts about your conﬁguration or expansion plans, Cabletron Systems maintains a staff of network design personnel and a sizable team of highly-trained cabling and hardware installation technicians.
Page 15: Chapter 2 Overview Of Networking
Overview of Networking This chapter introduces and discusses several basic concepts and deﬁnitions essential to the understanding of local area networking. Discussion of Networking Why Network? In this day and age, all companies and agencies have two resources in common, information and ability.
Page 16 Overview of Networking The basis of the LAN is sharing. The LAN allows users to transfer information and completed documents without the overhead and delay introduced by hardcopy information. In addition, the LAN increases the utility of expensive resources such as printers, disk arrays, and plotters. For example, a high-speed printer on every desktop is an expensive and wasteful proposition, but allowing 20 users to share access to one high-speed printer reduces the overall cost of each document printed.
Page 17: What Is A Network
What Is a Network? Simply put, a Local Area Network, or LAN, is a number of related computers and electronic devices which share information over a transmission media. This can be as simple as a series of electronic cash registers which send updates of products sold during the course of the day to an inventory computer or as complex as a network spanning an entire corporate facility or University campus, providing high-powered communication services for hundreds of applications...
Page 18: Network Topology
Overview of Networking Network Topology The topology of a network refers to its physical layout or “shape.” The topology characteristic describes how components and cabling are interconnected. Using the meeting metaphor, the topology of a network can be seen as the organizational structure of the meeting itself;...
Page 19 The bus topology uses a single common cable or link (coaxial cable, broadcast radio frequency) to connect the stations of the network to one another. The bus topology is strictly an Ethernet phenomenon, and is frequently encountered in existing Ethernet environments. Stations connect to the common media through a series of taps, located a speciﬁed distance from one another along the common cable, and only one station may successfully transmit onto the common media at any one time.
Page 20: Network Technologies
Overview of Networking Star The star topology consists of a number of individual stations which communicate through a common central point. Similar to the bus topology, star topology network stations all share a single common interface. In place of a section of cable, however, the common central point in star topology networks is often a concentrator device, or “hub.”...
Page 21: Media
Media The term media has come to mean several different things in today’s English language. For the purposes of networking, media always refers to the physical entity that is used for the purposes of transmitting and receiving the impulses that make up data exchange. While in some networks, radio frequencies and nationwide telephone service providers are considered to be media, the term most commonly refers to the physical chunks of cable that connect one network device to another.
Page 22 Overview of Networking Thick Coaxial Cable Thick coaxial cable (also known as thick Ethernet cable, “thicknet”, or 10BASE5 cable) is a cable constructed with a single solid core, which carries the network signals, and a series of layers of shielding and insulator material. The shielding of thick coaxial cable consists of four stages.
Page 23 Thin Coaxial Cable Thin coaxial cable (also known as thin Ethernet cable, “thinnet,” “cheapernet,” RG58 A/U, BNC or 10BASE2 cable) is a less shielded, and thus less expensive, type of coaxial cabling. Also used exclusively for Ethernet networks, thin coaxial cable is smaller, lighter, and more ﬂexible than thick coaxial cable.
Page 24 Overview of Networking Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) Attachment Unit Interface cable (referred to hereafter as AUI cable, but which may also be called ofﬁce transceiver cable or standard transceiver cable in other publications) is a shielded, multistranded cable that is used to connect Ethernet network devices to Ethernet transceivers.
Page 25 UTP cabling is differentiated by the quality of the cable. UTP is divided into Categories, which indicate the relative quality of the materials used and the processes used to manufacture the cables. The categories used in LANs range from Category 3 to Category 5, with Category 5 being the highest quality. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Shielded Twisted Pair cabling (referred to in this document as STP, but also seen as “IBM-type”...
Page 26 Overview of Networking Fiber optic cabling is made up of a glass strand, the core, which allows for the easy transmission of light; the cladding, a glass layer around the core which helps keep the light within the core; and a plastic buffer which protects the cable. Transmissive Core Figure 2-5.
Page 27: Interoperability And Standards Bodies
Interoperability and Standards Bodies Interoperability, the Ideal of Networking Ideally, all devices placed on any network should be able to transfer information in a usable fashion and understandable format to any other station. For some time, however, this was not always the case. Different companies, even within the same industry, have different ways of designing, developing, and constructing their products.
Page 28: The Osi Model, Basis Of Standards
Overview of Networking The most common Local Area Networking technologies (Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI) have standards ratiﬁed and in place for their operation and conﬁguration. ATM, still in the draft stages in some aspects, is operating under a working interim standard, which is intended to allow ATM equipment to be produced which will be compatible with future ATM standards.
Page 29 There are seven layers in the OSI Model (see Figure 2-6). They begin with the Physical Layer and end with the Application Layer. Each layer provides services to the layer above it. As the seventh layer is the ‘topmost’ layer, it servers the user directly, and is considered the top of the OSI model.
Page 30 Overview of Networking Layer Four: Transport The Transport layer deals with the optimization of data transfer from source to destination by managing network data ﬂow and implementing the quality of service requested by the Session layer. The Transport layer determines the packet size requirements for transmission based on the amount of data to be sent and the maximum packet size allowed by the network architecture.
Page 31 Logical Link Control: The Logical Link Control sub-layer is responsible for shielding the upper layers from any particular access method or media. The upper layers need not worry about wether they are connected to a Token Ring or Ethernet network because the Logical Link Control sub-layer handles the interface.
Page 32: Application Of The Osi Model
Overview of Networking Application of the OSI Model A user’s perception of network operation appears as direct peer to peer communications. The user message appears to go from the sending application directly to the receiving application. In actuality, the user message is routed from the sending application down through the other OSI Model layers of the system (see Figure 2-8).
Page 33: Chapter 3 Technology Basics
Technology Basics This chapter presents the three main networking technologies that will be discussed throughout this book. The chapter does not cover these technologies in detail. This chapter introduces the fundamentals of the technologies to be discussed in this document. The information is intended to provide a level of basic understanding of the general operation, capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses of the three technologies.
Page 34: Theory
Technology Basics Theory Ethernet, in its basic form, operates like a series of ofﬁces arranged along a central hallway. Each workstation in an Ethernet network can be viewed as an ofﬁce along this giant hallway. When one of these hypothetical ofﬁces needs to send information to another, the worker in the ofﬁce leans out into the corridor to see if anyone else is sending a message, takes a deep breath, and yells the message, which all the other ofﬁces receive.
Page 35 All the information necessary for a station to receive and comprehend the network transmission is contained in the packet. The Ethernet packet contains other ﬁelds related to Ethernet operation which are not essential to a basic understanding of the technology. Procedures Ethernet stations follow four basic procedures when dealing with transmission and reception.
Page 36: Segmentation
Ethernet workgroups, which operate at a maximum of 10 Mbps, to each other with an FDDI backbone, which operates at 100 Mbps. An FDDI Management Media Interface Module, or FDMMIM, conﬁgured in an Ethernet chassis would provide the bridging functions necessary to allow the chassis to connect to such a backbone.
Page 37 Switches Switches, in an Ethernet environment, act like bridges. A switch connects one network to another. A switch, however, provides a dedicated connection at full Ethernet speeds between devices. The important thing to realize about Ethernet switches is that they may be used in the place of a bridge for the interconnection of two or more Ethernet networks.
Page 38: Strengths And Weaknesses
Technology Basics Strengths and Weaknesses Ethernet Performance: At 10 Mbps, Ethernet networks are not the fastest category in the list of LAN technologies, but they are perfectly capable of handling most types of ofﬁce and technical trafﬁc. Reliability: While Ethernet networks are reasonably reliable, they are not always entirely predictable.
Page 39 Segmented Ethernet Performance: Segmented Ethernet provides the same 10 Mbps that simple Ethernet networks do, but allows that bandwidth to be more effectively and efﬁciently utilized. A bridge connects two separate Ethernet networks. By separating the Ethernet stations from one another based on a workgroup criteria (as outlined in Chapter 4, under Workgroup Creation), the segmented Ethernet design attempts to provide more specialized networks.
Page 40: Special Design Considerations
Technology Basics Switched Ethernet Performance: Switched Ethernet provides the same 10 Mbps that simple Ethernet networks do, but allows that bandwidth to be divided in much the same way as segmented Ethernet (see above). Switches are used to provide dedicated connections between Ethernet stations and other Ethernet devices.
Page 41: Token Ring
Token Ring Abstract Token Ring is a networking technology developed in the early 1970s by researchers in Sweden and the United States. The technology was embraced by IBM, and was standardized in 1985 by the IEEE 802.5 group. The Token Ring standard is often referred to as the IEEE 802.5 standard.
Page 42 Technology Basics No station may transmit normal data unless it has received the token from the station before it and ‘claimed’ it by not transmitting the token to the next station. It then transmits a data frame which is passed from station to station, with each station receiving the frame, passing it on, then examining the frame to determine if it is intended for them.
Page 43: Segmentation
Token Ring limitations are very restrictive, and all the restrictions are interrelated. The speed of the network (4 or 16 Mbps), the amount of signal regeneration performed by the hardware, and the type of media to be used (UTP, STP, or ﬁber optics) all act together to determine the total number of stations that a single ring may support and the maximum lengths of the cabling used to connect those stations.
Page 44 Technology Basics This new frame passes through the network to reach the station which originally formulated the request, and it builds its own routing database by reversing the order of the bridge identiﬁcations in the Routing Information Field of the frame. From this point on, the two stations can transmit frames which tell the bridges in the network what route they need to take.
Page 45: Strengths And Weaknesses
Strengths and Weaknesses Token Ring Performance: Token Ring networks of all kinds are available in two speeds, 4 Mbps and 16 Mbps. The speed selected determines the rapidity of information exchange on the network, and also the number of stations which may be present on the ring (see Chapter 6, under the heading Token Ring Network Rules).
Page 46 Technology Basics Cost: Token Ring equipment is inherently more specialized, and often more complex, than Ethernet equipment with similar capabilities. This, in conjunction with the relatively smaller number of Token Ring networking hardware suppliers, tends to make the cost of implementing a Token Ring network more expensive than the implementation of an Ethernet network with a similar number of users.
Page 47: Special Design Considerations
Special Design Considerations • The orderly progression of transmission and reception throughout the Token Ring allows special fault identiﬁcations and automatic correction features to be built into the technology. • There are limitations to the number of stations on a ring and the distances to which cabling can be run.
Page 48: Operation
Technology Basics Operation Rings FDDI operation is based on the movement of data around a series of rings. Like the organization of the Token Ring technology discussed earlier, FDDI data passes from one station to another in a predetermined order. In FDDI LANs, there are two main types of rings: dual counterrotating rings and single rings.
Page 49: Strengths And Weaknesses
Frames The FDDI technology collects data into “frames” for transmission. A frame is a speciﬁc format for data and control information. There are two basic types of frames: network control frames and data frames. Network control frames are made up of instructions that are intended for the devices on the FDDI network, informing the stations of changes to the ring or problems with the network.
Page 50: Special Design Considerations
Technology Basics Troubleshooting: In the event that an FDDI network undergoes a failure, the network will literally bend over backwards in an effort to keep the network operating. The exceptionally fast reaction time on station and ring wrapping heals the FDDI network almost instantly. Multiple faults in the network will eventually be isolated by the normal operation of the technology.
Page 51: Chapter 4 Network Design
Network Design This chapter deals with the process of visualizing and planning the basic form and operation of a network. The network design process is the formation of the network, from initial concept to the plan of implementation. In this Networking Guide, for the sake of brevity, the process of network design is separated from the process of network conﬁguration.
Page 52: Workgroup Creation
Network Design Workgroup Creation What Is a Workgroup? A workgroup is a group of network end stations that are related in some way. The conditions of this relationship are determined by the Network Manager, and can be based on anything from device type to user occupation or even device color. As the workgroups are the operating portion of the network, where information is created and given direction, the workgroup is the portion of the network which creates trafﬁc and network congestion.
Page 53 : Service Workstations : Sales Workstations : Research Workstations : Receiving Workstations Figure 4-1. Geographical Proximity Workgroups Having well deﬁned rules of geographical proximity as the deciding factor in workgroup design does, however, make the physical act of fault recovery easier in many networks.
Page 54 Network Design Since most of the time business departments are involved with sharing information among other members of their department or a group of related departments (Accounting, Personnel, and Payroll, for example), the division of the end user population into workgroups based on corporate function and separated by bridges, switches, or routers tends to improve network performance by keeping information passed within each department from impacting the ﬂow of information within other departments.
Page 55 An even trade-off is made in reliability in networks organized in this fashion. While the organization of the network into departmental workgroups increases the inherent complexity of the network by creating several segments based on function, the loss of a workgroup will disrupt the operation of only that workgroup, allowing the operation of other workgroups to continue with no disruption other than the loss of communication with the faulty workgroup/department.
Page 56 Network Design The creation of workgroups based on common function enhances the performance of those dedicated functions at a cost to the performance of the network as a whole. In addition, the management demands placed on a network by common function networks distributed across an entire facility or corporation are much the same as those of a corporate organization workgroup scheme, but even more intense.
Page 57: Selecting Workgroup Organization
Priority organization of this manner in a single-segment network involves providing stations in the priority workgroups with qualities of media and network connection based on that priority. The stations in the server farm, to continue with that example, might have redundant connections to the network in the event that one cable failed, or might utilize a media that is resistant to interference, such as ﬁber optic cabling, or might be best served by a centralized location.
Page 58 Network Design Before planning the segmentation of a network, there are a number of things which should be considered and noted: • Any locations which have regular and repeated periods of extremely high trafﬁc (such as computer labs in instructional facilities) cause signiﬁcant increases in overall network load unless they are segmented.
Page 59 The Initial Field To begin, we gather the requisite information and determine the number of end stations that the network for this facility will have to support. This gives us the initial ﬁeld of the network before any workgroups have been decided upon. Having deﬁned the initial ﬁeld from which workgroups will be built, we then determine the criteria on which the division of the end stations into workgroups will take place.
Page 60 Network Design Internal Load The efﬁciency and speed of a network is dependent upon the trafﬁc load of that network. This is one of the primary reasons for bridging; by keeping local trafﬁc local, the performance of other network segments tends to increase. An examination of the relative amount of internal trafﬁc each workgroup creates can indicate which workgroups can be segmented in order to keep them from affecting the operation of other workgroups.
Page 61 Looking at the above example, it makes more sense to keep the Records Department workgroup ‘close’ to the other segments of the network. Since it requires access to other segments on a more frequent basis than the others, keeping the Records workgroup from being segmented an excessive extent will help to increase the performance of Records department network operations.
Page 62: Selecting Workgroup Technologies
Network Design Selecting Workgroup Technologies The selection of a network technology at the workgroup level is a very important decision, and one that should be made only after careful consideration and evaluation. Before deciding on a network technology to be used by the workgroups, make sure you are familiar with the operation of each type of technology, the strengths and shortcomings of those technologies, and the special design considerations that each technology imposes on the network.
Page 63: Backbone Planning
Backbone Planning What Is a Backbone? A backbone is a network segment or cable which is used to provide for the interconnection of a number of smaller workgroups or self-contained networks. The outlying networks, workgroups, or hubs communicate with one another through the backbone network.
Page 64: Methods Of Conﬁguring Backbones
Network Design Methods of Conﬁguring Backbones Backbone networks can be set up in a number of different ways. This Networking Guide will present three of the most common means of conﬁguring backbone networks. From these three basic types; the distributed backbone, the collapsed backbone, and the device collapsed backbone, nearly any backbone network implementation required may be designed.
Page 65 • Limited Control - The use of a distributed backbone makes the isolation of workgroups from the rest of the overall network somewhat time-consuming. If a workgroup in a distributed backbone needs to be disconnected from the other networks physically, for whatever reason, the distributed backbone requires that a Network Manager go out to the physical location of the workgroup network and disconnect the required cables, making any additions or changes necessary to keep the backbone network whole and operating.
Page 66 Network Design • Ease of Expandability - Since the cables of the collapsed backbone originate from a patch panel in one location, adding new cable runs to accommodate new workgroups or to bypass outmoded ones is a simple matter of changing a few jumper cables.
Page 67: Choosing Backbone Technologies
The device collapsed backbone is the most expensive backbone choice, simply due to adding the cost of sophisticated, high-performance hardware to the costs of a collapsed backbone cabling layout. In many cases, the additional control and functionality provided by the device collapsed backbone conﬁguration are so valuable that the cost is well worth it.
Page 68: Creating A Manageable Plan
Network Design The determining factors in selecting a backbone network technology are the same as those used in selecting workgroup technologies - performance (speed of operation), reliability, ease of conﬁguration, troubleshooting, and cost. In the backbone network, it is quite common to plan far ahead, providing more bandwidth than you think you will need.
Page 69: Logical Layout
Logical Layout Component Location The actual locations of the networking hardware is an important aspect of logical layout. As a network designer, you should determine how you want to treat the placement of devices and hold to that decision whenever possible. Some of the commonly considered aspects of logical layout are as follows: •...
Page 70 Network Design • Keep cabling neatly organized. Bundle several cables together and secure them to places where they may be easily accessed. If one bundle of cables is associated with a speciﬁc workgroup or facility location, label that bundle periodically to eliminate any later confusion. •...
Page 71: Fault Aversion
Fault Aversion A good network design strategy realizes the importance of avoiding future trouble spots. It is possible to design a network such that the most dangerous of these trouble spots are either eliminated, covered by contingencies, or their effects are minimized.
Page 72: Network Maps And Record Keeping
Network Design When designing a network, check the descriptions of the products to see if they support the creation of redundant links to devices. It is often a good idea to have some form of back-up capability for the network. For example, an Ethernet network can be designed using only standard Ethernet A channel Media Interface Modules, which will stop operating if the management module for their chassis fails.
Page 73 For example, a network map set might include a facility map showing the division of areas into workgroups, a map showing the location, layout, and type of physical cabling, one showing the locations of networking hardware, and individual maps showing the locations and types of physical devices. If you are using a network management package, such as Cabletron Systems SPECTRUM Element Manager, it is helpful to have a network map which shows the MAC addresses and IP addresses of the devices on the network.
Page 74: Network Expandability
Network Design Network Expandability Networks tend toward growth. As businesses change and networking capabilities become more and more a part of the business process, networks grow in size or complexity and capability. For this reason, it is important, in any network, to plan for future expansion.
Page 75: Designing With The Mmac
Cabletron Systems has provided a seamless migration path to high speed technologies from the Multi Media Access Center through the use of Bridge Router Interface Modules (BRIMs). Called a “module within a module,” BRIM modules can be plugged into an EMM-E6 or ESXMIM, or any other BRIM-capable device, including stackable hubs and standalone devices.
Page 76: Reliability And Recovery
Network Design A beneﬁt of the centralization of network connections into a modular chassis is the simpliﬁcation of management functions. Network management is an essential part of the operation of any network, no matter if that management is simple troubleshooting or advanced virtual workgroup creation. By having the vast majority of network connections made between stations at a single point, management tasks become simpliﬁed.
Page 77: Technology Flexibility
The MMAC, as a modular networking chassis, makes this substitution and replacement a simple procedure. In order to make the Ethernet repeating functionality of the network simple and easy to upgrade, replace, or remove, the Ethernet repeater is often a discrete device on the network. In the MMAC chassis, the Ethernet repeater is a module which may be inserted into, and removed from, the modular chassis.
Page 78 Network Design Ethernet A Ethernet B Ethernet C FDDI Figure 4-9. Flexible Network Bus Channels To reduce the costs of chassis failure, Cabletron has designed the MMAC chassis to be as modular as possible. Networking modules, power supplies, the cooling system, any device that the chassis requires for proper operation, is modular in design, and can be removed and replaced with a minimum of effort and in a very short amount of time.
Page 79: Power Redundancy
MMAC-M8FNB Figure 4-10. Chassis, Slots, and Modules Power Redundancy Fault-tolerance is also necessary in the supply of electrical power to the modular chassis. The chassis supplies all modules with electricity. The supply of power in the correct amperages and voltages for the modules in the chassis is performed by modular power supplies.
Page 80 Network Design Cabletron Systems’ treatment of this issue is the utilization of load-sharing capabilities in the power supplies. Load-sharing power supplies examine the chassis they are in, and if they detect another power supply operating in the chassis, they each supply half of the power requirements of that chassis. In this way, both supplies are operating at all times at less than half capacity.
Page 81: Chapter 5 Ethernet
Ethernet This chapter examines the Ethernet network technology in detail and provides step-by-step design instructions for the creation of Ethernet networks using Cabletron Systems networking products. Description Ethernet is what is called a contention-based network technology that provides for a maximum of 10 megabits per second (Mbps) of throughput under ideal conditions.
Page 82 Ethernet If the technology was left at that, it is easy to see that it would not function with more than one station on the network not a very efﬁcient networking solution. If two stations, which can transmit without requiring permission, both transmitted different packets at the same time, the electrical impulses that make up their signals would get combined into a long string of gibberish.
Page 83 Still, two stations may both listen to the line at the same time, and both transmit a short time after, causing a collision. That is where the CD portion of CSMA/CD comes into play. Collision Detection means that if a station transmits and causes a collision, it will notice that a collision has occurred.
Page 84: Media
Ethernet Media While Ethernet was originally designed to utilize coaxial cable, the vast majority of newly designed Ethernet networks operate over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling. Fiber optics runs a distant second, followed by the two types of coaxial cable, thick and thin. The distance limitations to each media type are as follows: Fiber Optics (Multimode) Fiber Optics (Single Mode)
Page 85: Rules And Regulations
Ethernet network, 1,024 stations. Cabletron Systems connectivity modules are denoted by the sufﬁx MIM, which stands for Media Interface Module. The MIM provides an interface between the backplane of the chassis and the external media for which it is intended. The name of each individual MIM also identiﬁes the external media to which it is...
Page 86: Repeating
Ethernet Repeating When Ethernet was created, the general philosophy was “one cable, one LAN.” Signals would be transmitted to every point on a single cable. This transmission means is ﬁne for the multipoint media, like thick and thin coaxial cable, but is useless on a media that you cannot tap into, like ﬁber optics or UTP.
Page 87 A, B, or C Channels of the MMAC chassis. The TPXMIM, like the Repeating Media Interface Module, includes repeater functions for the B and C channels of the chassis, and will require the functions of an IRM, EMME, or other A Channel repeater to be able to assign ports to the A Channel Ethernet network.
Page 88 Ethernet Repeater Rules Naturally, there are rules surrounding repeaters, just as there are rules surrounding cabling. A set of guidelines known collectively as the repeater rule make plain the maximum limits of repeaters. The rule is based on the numbers 5-4-3.
Page 89 Ethernet Arrow shows path of signal Repeater 3 Repeater Hop 1706n24 Figure 5-4. Repeater Rule Violation Furthermore, the number of repeater hops in the longest signal path is ﬁve, one in excess of the four allowed by the repeater rule. The network shown in Figure 5-4 would not function properly, due to the errors introduced by the violations of the repeater rule.
Page 90: Simple Ethernet Conﬁguration
Ethernet Simple Ethernet Conﬁguration The term “simple” in this deﬁnition is used to indicate that the network is conﬁgured as a single repeated network and does not incorporate any bridging, routing, switching or other segmentation between stations. All of the Ethernet stations in a simple Ethernet network are treated as if they were stations located on one segment of coaxial cable.
Page 91 Ethernet To provide the starting point for building the Ethernet network, a repeater module must be placed in the chassis. This module will provide repeating functions for the Ethernet modules in the chassis that are conﬁgured to use the Ethernet channel A of the backplane. In addition, all of Cabletron Systems’ Ethernet channel A repeaters provide management functions for the modules in the chassis.
Page 92 Ethernet This location utilizes UTP cabling with RJ45 connectors, narrowing the choices of modules to the connections for, the chassis utilizes three TPMIM-24 Ethernet Media Interface Modules, supplying a total of 72 RJ45 connectors. The chassis that we are using to network this facility now looks like Figure 5-5: Figure 5-5.
Page 93 Management, and Bridging or Routing to B, C, and External Ethernet Channels a. The EMM-E6 utilizes the rightmost two slots in the MMAC chassis, the Management Module slot and one adjacent full Media Interface Module slot. Simple Ethernet Conﬁguration Table 5-2. MMAC Chassis...
Page 94 Ethernet Media Interface Modules To provide connections for the physical cabling, Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Before selecting modules you must identify the type of physical cabling media and the connector type to be utilized.
Page 95: Segmentation
As all of the modules listed in Table 5-4, above, are Ethernet Channel A modules, they are fully interchangeable in conﬁguration terms. A conﬁguration like the example given previously could have utilized three TPMIM-34 modules if RJ21 connectors were to be used, or included one FOMIM-26 to connect six stations with ﬁber optic cabling.
Page 96: Bridges
Ethernet We may also segment the network logically by geographic location. This makes it easier to troubleshoot and expand existing networks. Geographic segmentation is usually an inferior segmentation solution in comparison with segmentation by related function or access. The increase in logical layout that can be accomplished using this method is frequently overshadowed by decreased network performance as a higher percentage of trafﬁc is sent through bridges.
Page 97 Ethernet Network B Network A Bridge 1706n26 Figure 5-6. Bridges The bridge is considered a node on the network and performs store and forward functions for packets on each network. This contrasts with a repeater which repeats the signal bit by bit from one side of the network to the other. The bridge actually reads each packet, checks the packet for accuracy, then decides whether the packet should be sent to the other network based on the destination address.
Page 98 Ethernet Cabletron produces two different types of Ethernet bridges; those that are conﬁgured to operate within the MMAC chassis and those which are standalone external bridges. Cabletron’s main internal bridge module for Ethernet networks are the EMME family of repeater/bridge/management modules, the EMM-E6.
Page 99 Bridge modules which connect an Ethernet network to Token Ring networks or Wide Area networks, serial terminals, AppleTalk networks, and Systems Network Architecture (SNA) are also available. One special case of Ethernet bridging is the use of Bridge/Router Interface Modules (BRIMs). These are small modules which are placed within another MMAC module and which can be used to provide a bridged or routed connection to another network or another similar network technology.
Page 100 Ethernet The table which follows lists the available MMAC chassis modules which perform bridging between the Ethernet technology and other similar network technologies. Bridging: This indicates what technologies the module bridges. In the case of the ETWMIM, the module is capable of bridging Ethernet to both Token Ring and Wide Area networks.
Page 101: Multichannel Ethernet
Multichannel Ethernet Multichannel Ethernet is an inventive means of segmenting a network without requiring more than one hub. The Flexible Network Bus of the MMAC-FNB models provides three separate Ethernet buses, or “channels”: Ethernet Channel A, Ethernet Channel B, and Ethernet Channel C. The basic MIMs that we have discussed so far all operate on Ethernet Channel A.
Page 102 RMIMs have covered openings labeled “EPIM” on them. These are additional port spaces. EPIM stands for Ethernet Port Interface Module. An EPIM is a user-conﬁgurable port that can be used for a connection to a backbone, another department, a router, or any other standards-based Ethernet network device, and it can be speciﬁed in any media the customer wishes.
Page 103: Segmented Ethernet Conﬁguration
Segmented Ethernet Conﬁguration A “segmented” Ethernet is an Ethernet network which incorporates a method of ﬁltering or blocking trafﬁc from individual stations or groups of stations. This segmentation can be accomplished through several methods, among them bridging, routing, and switching. While each of these methods performs segmentation in different fashions, they all connect one station or group of stations to another station or group of stations, examining information received from one network and determining whether to send it on to the second network...
Page 104: Design Example
Ethernet Design Example Our hypothetical facility is planning to provide networking for ﬁve departments, Department A, Department B, Department X, Department Y, and the Support Department. The workgroups have been planned out in advance, and each workgroup requires Ethernet connections for the following numbers of stations: Department A: Department B: Department X:...
Page 105 To keep the various departments separate from unrelated departments and still allow them to transfer information to peripherally related departments when necessary, the Multichannel Ethernet solution will be utilized. To support the Ethernet modules that will be required to make the station connections, an MMAC-M8FNB MMAC-M8FNB to provide repeating for the A channel, bridging between all internal Ethernet channels, and extensive SNMP and RMON management...
Page 106 Ethernet Beginning with the group identiﬁed above as Network A, three modules provide 72 connections to Channel A through six RJ21 ports (each RJ21 connector supports twelve UTP station connections through a 110-style distribution box or punchdown block [ stations, has its connectivity requirements met with the use of two modules and one Channel B of the MMAC backplane.
Page 107 Bridging or Routing to B, C, External channels, BRIM support a. The EMM-E6 utilizes the Rightmost two slots in the MMAC chassis, the Management Module slot and one adjacent full Media Interface Module slot. Media Interface Modules Segmented Ethernet Conﬁguration Table 5-6.
Page 108 Ethernet To provide connections for Ethernet stations located on Ethernet Channel A , Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Identify the type of physical cabling media and the connector type to be utilized.
Page 109 Repeating Media Interface Modules To provide connections for Ethernet stations which will be located on Ethernet Channels B or C of the backplane, Repeating Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of RMIMs the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network and their grouping into related segments.
Page 110: Segmentation - Special Cases
Channel A, a Network Manager could simply notify the Media Interface Module to connect the ports they are utilizing to Channel A. It is that simple. No swapping of jumper cables or re-conﬁguration of modules.
Page 111: Port Assignment Conﬁguration
Port Assignment MIMs, while expensive, give the highest level of Multichannel Ethernet functionality available for the MMAC chassis. If you have 78 users, there is no need to place 48 on Channel A and 22 on Channel B and the remainder in a half-populated module on Channel C.
Page 112: Design Example
Ethernet Design Example What follows is a conﬁguration for a group of departments which will use Port Assignment. The design process is a simple matter of determining how many users the chassis will support, providing enough TPXMIM modules to supply that number of assignable ports, and conﬁguring a management and bridging module to control them.
Page 113 Modular Intelligent Chassis The modular chassis provides the basic platform into which management and networking modules are inserted. It is important to note that modular power supplies are required for the operation of the hub and the modules within it. The power supply for the MMAC-M3FNB is included with the purchase of the chassis.
Page 114: Ethernet Switching
Ethernet Ethernet Port Assignment Media Interface Modules The Port Assignment modules are used to provide connectivity for end user stations. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Port Assignment Media Interface Modules are currently available for UTP cabling only.
Page 115: Switching Conﬁgurations
Since Cabletron Systems’ primary Ethernet switch module, the ESXMIM, provides a dedicated 10 Mbps Ethernet connection between any two stations connected to its ports, it can be useful in environments where a connection between multiple hub locations is needed, or high-availability connections to shared resources such as ﬁleservers are desired.
Page 116 Ethernet Ethernet Switch Modules To supply the switching functionality required for the conﬁguration, an Ethernet switch module must be added to a modular chassis. Consult the table below to determine which modules may be used to set up the Ethernet switching functionality and calculate the number and exact type of modules that will be required to fulﬁll the needs of the network.
Page 117: Permutations
Permutations Since Ethernet switches perform functions similar to those of bridges, they can be used as replacements for MAC layer bridges in several situations. As an example, a facility requires that ﬁve Ethernet networks, segmented from one another by a bridge be created.
Page 118 Ethernet The ESXMIM backbone switch design is essentially the same as the ESXMIM segment switch conﬁguration described above, with individual, complete chassis taking the place of TPRMIM modules. One important thing to remember when conﬁguring multiple ESXMIM modules in an MMAC chassis is their demands on the backplane of the chassis. Any ESXMIM module which is conﬁgured to operate in the chassis and is assigned to the backplane bus will utilize Ethernet Channel A.
Page 119 Ethernet Switch Modules To supply the switching functionality required for the conﬁguration, an Ethernet switch module must be added to a modular chassis. Consult the table below to determine which modules may be used to set up the Ethernet switching functionality and calculate the number and exact type of modules that will be required to fulﬁll the needs of the network.
Page 120 Ethernet Media Type Connector Type Thin Coaxial RG58 Cable RJ45 RJ21 Multimode Straight-Tip Fiber Optics a. The CXRMIM and TPRMIM families support front panel EPIM slots. b. In the case of the TPRMIM-36, the EPIM slot will only be active if one connection normally made through the RJ21 ports is disabled.
Page 121: Chapter 6 Token Ring
Token Ring This chapter examines the Token Ring network technology in detail and provides step-by-step design instructions for the creation of Token Ring networks using Cabletron Systems networking products. Description Token Ring is a token-based networking technology that provides a reliable, stable amount of network throughput to all stations under all load conditions.
Page 122: Description
Token Ring Unlike Ethernet stations, which may transmit at any time, provided that the network is trafﬁc-free at the time the station examines its physical connection to the network, Token Ring stations may only transmit if they have just received permission from the other stations on the network.
Page 123 In Figure 6-3, station A is still holding the token. While other stations may want to transmit data, they have not received the token, and must continue to wait their turn. Station C reads the data frame, sends it on to station D, and discards the data frame from memory.
Page 124: Fault Isolation
Token Ring Fault Isolation Due to the very orderly fashion in which Token Ring networks operate, a number of fault location and recovery features can be incorporated into the Token Ring design. These fault recovery processes can locate a hardware or cable error and eliminate it, hopefully returning a faulty ring to an operating condition.
Page 125 A beacon is a signal that indicates a Token Ring station considers itself to be having difﬁculties. Since Token Ring frames are circulated at a regular order which is set by a controlling station during the process of initializing the ring, a station knows that it should receive frames before a certain time has elapsed.
Page 126: Fault Recovery
Token Ring Fault Recovery The automatic identiﬁcation of beaconing conditions and fault domains allows a Token Ring network to attempt to locate the problems of a network and eliminate them without requiring direct human intervention. The following section presents examples of three possible causes of beaconing conditions on a Token Ring network and the methods that are used to recover from those conditions.
Page 127 Station D, having received eight consecutive beacon frames which identify it as the NAUN, removes itself from the ring by closing the relay at the MAU. Station D then enters a self-testing state, checking the operation of its own interface. Determining that it is not at fault, Station D reattaches itself to the ring by opening the relay at the MAU.
Page 128 Token Ring If the problem is, indeed, a cable error that is disrupting the ﬂow of data within the ring, the network needs a way to recover in a way that involves bypassing that entire cable. If the cable is a station connection, bypassing the port at the MAU will heal the ring.
Page 129: Media
Media The Token Ring technology may use several different types of media for station connections. Just as in other network technologies, the network provides maximum distances for each type of cable used to make a connection. In Token Ring, however, the type of cabling used actually affects the total number of stations which may be placed on the Token Ring.
Page 130: Connectivity/Transceivers
Any Cabletron Systems TRMIM which incorporates active circuitry will have the letter A appended to its numerical sufﬁx. For example, a 24-port Token Ring Media Interface Module with shielded RJ45 connectors that incorporates active circuitry would have a Cabletron Systems ID number of TRMIM-44A.
Page 131 Token Ring Cabletron Systems has also introduced a series of TRMIMs which connect to the four available Token Ring backplane channels of the MMAC chassis. Where the standard TRMIMs can only attach to Token Ring 1 of the backplane, The Token Ring Port Assignment Modules, called TRXMIMs, allow any port to be assigned, through management, to any of the four backplane rings of the chassis.
Page 132: Token Ring Network Rules
Token Ring Token Ring Network Rules Token Ring networks are available in two types, which are differentiated by the speed at which data is passed from station to station: 4 Mbps and 16 Mbps. In the ﬁrst years of its inception, a 1 Mbps Token Ring standard was also available, but it has fallen into disuse with the availability of the higher-speed Token Ring standards.
Page 133: Single Ring Conﬁguration
Single Ring Conﬁguration The single ring is the basis of Token Ring networks, and is the point at which all Token Ring networks begin. A single ring Token Ring network is one which does not incorporate any segmentation between rings, connecting all Token Ring stations of the network to a single ring.
Page 134 Token Ring Due to the relatively small size of this network, a single Token Ring has been decided upon for the network. This Token Ring must operate over the selected cabling and must operate at 16 Mbps. As all of the research workstations are performing related tasks, and not all will be operating at the same time, the single Token Ring network has been determined to provide adequate performance at a reasonable cost.
Page 135 Token Ring To continue with the design, we must determine which management module, TRMM or TRMMIM, to use to set up the Token Ring. Since this network is a completely new design, and does not require the expansion or accommodation of existing equipment, the half-sized management module slot of the MMAC-M8FNB chassis (slot #1) is empty.
Page 136 Token Ring Select TRMIMs Network Within Spec? An examination of the network and a quick comparison with the table of Token Ring limitations (Table 6-1) shows that this network is well within speciﬁcations for a passive Token Ring environment. The maximums allowed for a passive Token Ring operating at 16 Mbps and using Category 5 UTP cable are as follows: no more than 72 stations, no lobe cables longer than 85 meters.
Page 137 Token Ring 1706n40 Figure 6-12. Example Token Ring Conﬁguration 1 The networking device families used in this network design are the Token Ring management and Token Ring lobe connectivity devices. Since there are several different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these networking device families, the actual conﬁguration of the network can be altered by substituting different products of these families in the modular networking chassis.
Page 138 Token Ring Modular Intelligent Chassis The Modular Chassis provides the basic platform into which management and networking modules are inserted. The chassis provides the physical interconnection of modules through the backplane bus. It is important to note that modular power supplies are required for the operation of the hub and the modules within it.
Page 139 Token Ring Media Interface Modules To provide connections for the physical cabling, Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Identify the type of physical cabling media and the connector type to be utilized.
Page 140: Extending The Ring (Ring-In/Ring-Out)
Token Ring Extending the Ring (Ring-In/Ring-Out) In some cases, a Token Ring network may require more than one MMAC chassis in order to be fully implemented. This may be due to the location of nodes to be added to the ring, or may be necessitated by insufﬁcient available space in the ﬁrst MMAC chassis used for the installation.
Page 141: Brief Review Of Maus
Station Port Connector Type Media Type None UTP (active) RJ45 STP (active) Shielded RJ45 Fiber Optics ST Connectors (Multimode) Fiber Optics ST Connectors (Single mode) Brief Review of MAUs The earliest MAUs were dumb boxes, collections of ports and some internal relays that simply moved the signal along the line and bypassed ports to which no station was attached.
Page 142: Segmentation
Token Ring Ring-In/Ring-Out ports provide dedicated connections between MAUs. A Token Ring signal emerges from a Ring-Out port and enters a new MAU at that new MAUs Ring-In port. The cabling that is used to make these connections is called a trunk cable or RI/RO cable.
Page 143 Cabletron Systems produces a module which does this, the ETWMIM. ETWMIM is an acronym for Ethernet/Token Ring/Wide Area Media Interface Module. As the name implies, the ETWMIM can bridge between any two of those three technologies, connecting...
Page 144: Multi-Ring Conﬁguration
Token Ring Cabletron Systems also produces router modules for the MMAC chassis which connects to the Token Ring backplane bus. The CRM family of router modules, developed in conjunction with Cisco Systems, provide routing functionality for Token Ring networks with excellent conﬁguration ﬂexibility. For more information on the CRM series of modules, contact your Cabletron Systems Sales Representative.
Page 145 Token Ring The Token Ring must operate over the selected cabling and must operate at 16 Mbps. The chassis from which this network operates is a Cabletron Systems MMAC-M8FNB modular networking chassis. To function, the chassis must be outﬁtted with the correct modular power supplies. This provides the basic concentrator capability into which the connectivity and functionality modules are added.
Page 146 Token Ring To continue with the design, we must determine which management module, TRMM or TRMMIM, to use to set up the Token Ring. Since this network is a completely new design, and does not require the expansion or accommodation of existing equipment, the half-sized management module slot of the MMAC-M8FNB chassis (slot #1) is empty.
Page 147 To provide lobe connections to the 11 Token Ring stations of the ﬁrst ring, the MMAC chassis needs to incorporate Token Ring Media Interface Modules, or TRMIMs. These TRMIMs will provide ports for teller station lobe connections between the MMAC backplane and the facility cabling media. Since this ﬁrst ring is quite small, and the facility cable runs are well within the IEEE 802.5 standard maximums for Category 3 UTP, we need not spend additional money on active circuitry.
Page 148 The one Cabletron Systems module which does that is the Token Ring Bridging Media Interface Module, or TRBMIM. Placing the TRBMIM in an MMAC chassis closes the ring to the right of itself in the chassis and creates a new ring to the left of the chassis, to which new TRMIMs may be added.
Page 149 Token Ring As we are using the same media and want to keep using the passive Token Ring products, we have the same choice of modules, the TRMIM-22 and the TRMIM-24. Dividing the remaining 64 station connections needed by 24 (the number of ports available on the high-density TRMIM-24), we obtain a value of 2 and 2/3.
Page 150 Token Ring Modular Intelligent Chassis The Modular Chassis provides the basic platform into which management and networking modules are inserted. It is important to note that modular power supplies are required for the operation of the hub and the modules within it. The power supply for the MMAC-M3FNB is included with the purchase of the chassis.
Page 151 Token Ring Media Interface Modules To provide connections for the physical cabling, Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Before selecting modules, you must identify the type of physical cabling media and the connector type to be utilized.
Page 152 Token Ring Token Ring Bridge The Token Ring bridge module segments the Token Ring bus of the FNB, creating two separate rings. The module then bridges between the two. An available front panel station port provides an external bridge connection in the place of the second backplane connection.
Page 153: Multichannel Token Ring
1, six users on ring 2, one user on ring 3, and 12 users on ring 4. If someone needed to be moved to ring 1 from ring 3, a Network Manager could simply notify the Media Interface Module to connect the port they are utilizing to ring 1.
Page 154: Multichannel Token Ring Conﬁguration
Token Ring To accomplish this in the MMAC chassis, a multiport bridge or a router such as the CRM-3T Cisco Router Module for Token Ring networks can be added to the chassis and conﬁgured with the proper number of routing interfaces. The CRM-3T connects to Token Ring 1 of the MMAC backplane, and provides front panel slots for the addition of Network Process Modules, or NPMs.
Page 155: Design Example
Design Example This design provides Multichannel Token Ring networking services for an academic research facility. The facility needs to add 75 stations to a newly constructed wing. The main facility already contains two existing Token Ring networks which are to be connected to those in this facility. As the stations in this new wing will be working with different groups from the main facility at different times, Token Ring Port Assignment is desired, to make it easier to move stations between workgroups.
Page 156 Token Ring To provide lobe connections to the 75 Token Ring stations, the MMAC chassis needs to incorporate connectivity modules. To fully utilize the capabilities of Multichannel Token Ring networking, the Token Ring Port Assignment Media Interface Modules, or TRXMIMs, are required. TRXMIMs allow the assignation of individual ports from the faceplate to one of the backplane Token Ring channels of the MMAC through software operations.
Page 157 Token Ring The Multichannel Token Ring design allows the use of Ring-In/Ring-Out (RI/RO) modules that supply RI/RO connections to two separate Token Ring trunks and allows each set of RI/RO ports to be assigned to one of the four Token Ring backplane channels of the MMAC chassis.
Page 158 Token Ring In this case, we require three routed Token Ring connections above and beyond the connection of the CRM-3T to Ring 1 of the chassis backplane. We select one NPM-1TR, providing one Token Ring connection, and one NPM-2TR, providing two Token Ring connections.
Page 159 Token Ring TRMF-2 1706n44 TRMF-2 TRMF-2 Figure 6-16. Example Token Ring Conﬁguration 3 The networking device families used in this network design are the Multichannel Token Ring management, Token Ring Port Assignment, and Token Ring segmentation devices. Since there are several different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these networking device families, the actual conﬁguration of the network can be altered by substituting different products of these families in the modular networking chassis.
Page 160 Token Ring Modular Intelligent Chassis The Modular Chassis provides the basic platform into which management and networking modules are inserted. The modular chassis provides the physical interconnection of modules through the backplane bus. It is important to note that modular power supplies are required for the operation of the hub and the modules within it.
Page 161 Token Ring Port Assignment Media Interface Modules To provide connections for the physical cabling, Media Interface Modules are needed. The number of Media Interface Modules the network must utilize is dependent upon the number of stations to be connected to the network. Identify the type of physical cabling media and the connector type to be utilized.
Page 162 Token Ring Segmentation To connect the multiple backplane Token Rings of the MMAC chassis, some form of segmentation device is required. Lobe connections are made from ports assigned to the individual Token Rings to the ports of the segmentation device. The segmentation devices listed here are those which provide a connection to the Token Ring backplane of the chassis in addition to their front panel ports.
Page 163: Chapter 7 Fddi
FDDI This chapter examines the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) network technology in detail and provides step-by-step design instructions for the creation of FDDI networks using Cabletron Systems networking products. Description Fiber Distributed Data Interface, or FDDI, is a token-based networking technology that provides high-speed intercommunications between stations on the ring.
Page 164: Media
FDDI FDDI has a number of uses. Currently, FDDI is often used as a backbone technology, providing a high-speed connection between concentrators. In this fashion, departments having Ethernet or Token Ring hub-based technologies may be tied together by the FDDI network. Often, important, heavily-utilized stations such as ﬁle servers or network management stations are incorporated into the FDDI network to provide them with high-speed and high-reliability access to the overall facility network.
Page 165: Rings And Devices
The distance limitations to each media type are as follows; Media Fiber Optics (Multimode) Fiber Optics (Single Mode) Unshielded Twisted Pair Shielded Twisted Pair a. Category 5 UTP cabling only b. IBM Type 1 STP cabling only These distances are decided by ANSI, a standards-making body which has created boundaries within which FDDI networks may be designed.
Page 166 FDDI These hubs, if FDDI is being used as an end-user solution, will likely have Dual Attached Concentrators populating them. DACs provide multiple connections to the ring, much like a Multistation Access Unit (MAU) in Token Ring environments. The DAC provides single ring connections (described below) to the stations it serves.
Page 167: Concentrators
Stations on one resulting ring have no means of accessing the other, and vice versa. In situations where only one or two non-chassis devices are attached to the dual ring, critical failures of the sort described are extremely uncommon, but increases in the number of server devices on the dual ring exponentially increases the chances of such an event.
Page 168 FDDI These FDDI Management Modules are called FDMMIMs, and they are available in a number of conﬁgurations. The basic FDMMIM supplies the management functionality for other FDDI modules in the chassis, and provides one set of A/B ports on the front panel for connection to an FDDI dual counterrotating ring. In order to better utilize the available space in an MMAC chassis, FDMMIMs are also available with four M ports on the front panel for station connections.
Page 169: Bridges
Cabletron Systems produces two types of FDDI bridges, each of which connects one technology to another. The ﬁrst type is the FDDI BRIM (Bridge/Router Interface Module). BRIMs such as the BRIM-F6 can be conﬁgured to operate in BRIM-capable modules and devices, such as the EMM-E6 or ESXMIM.
Page 170: Fddi Workgroup Conﬁguration
FDDI FDDI Workgroup Conﬁguration Design Philosophy The design of an FDDI workgroup network involves the division of network devices into two basic populations, those stations and devices which are directly connected to the dual counter-rotating FDDI ring, and those devices which make their connection to the ring through an intermediary device such as a concentrator.
Page 171 FDMMIMs are identiﬁed by a numerical sufﬁx which indicates the presence or absence of M ports, and the PMD standard connector types which those ports use. For more information, see Table 7-3. For this installation, we select the FDMMIM-24, which provides four UTP M ports suitable for station connections. NOTE Having conﬁgured a management module in the chassis, we proceed to add concentrator modules (FDCMIMs) to the chassis.
Page 172 FDDI The other facilities are handled in much the same way: select a chassis, place the proper management module in it, and add concentrators until the user count is met or exceeded. The South Building, with 80 stations, will require more station ports than even the MMAC-M8FNB, fully loaded, can supply.
Page 173 FDDI The last facility requires two MMAC-M8FNB chassis with power supplies. These chassis will each contain one FDMMIM-24. The ﬁrst chassis also contains six FDCMIM-24 modules, while the second contains one FDCMIM-24. These two chassis provide exactly 64 station connections for the network, and look like Figure 7-4: From Previous Facility To Next Facility...
Page 174 FDDI Modular Intelligent Chassis The Modular Chassis provides the basic platform into which management and networking modules are inserted. It is important to note that modular power supplies are required for the operation of the hub and the modules within it. The power supply for the MMAC-M3FNB is included with the purchase of the chassis.
Page 175 FDDI Management/Bridge Module The FDDI Management/Bridge Module supervises the FDDI backplane channel of the MMAC-FNB chassis and provides management, monitoring, and control capabilities to the Network Manager. In order to add FDDI concentrator modules to the MMAC chassis, an FDDI Management Module must be active and operating in the chassis.
Page 176 FDDI FDDI Concentrator The FDDI Concentrator provides an access point for FDDI stations. The FDDI Concentrator provides bypassing capabilities for connections to workstations and other devices. This ability to bypass ports does not affect the operation of the dual counterrotating ring, resulting in increased reliability and availability for the dual ring.
Page 177: Chapter 8 Expansion - Ethernet
Expansion - Ethernet This chapter deals with the addition of capabilities or user connections to existing network conﬁgurations using the MMAC family of modular hubs. Simple Ethernet Simple Ethernet networks are those which consist of a single Ethernet segment. The simple Ethernet conﬁguration does not incorporate any bridging, routing or switching capabilities.
Page 178 Expansion - Ethernet The TPMIM-24, providing 24 RJ45 ports, is able to support the 20 additional stations that we are planning to add to the network. While we could achieve the same station support through the use of two TPMIM-22 modules, the costs for purchasing the two modules are higher than the cost associated with the single TPMIM-24.
Page 179: Adding Segmentation
Adding Segmentation As users are added to a simple Ethernet conﬁguration, the utilization of the available bandwidth increases. As was discussed in Chapter 5, an Ethernet network that sees sufﬁcient trafﬁc to create sustained utilization of the available bandwidth in excess of 40% loses performance drastically as the number of collisions and retransmissions climbs.
Page 180 Expansion - Ethernet The modules produced for these functions are the EMME and EMM-E6. The EMME and EMM-E6 provide repeating for Ethernet Channel A, supply extensive management functions for all Ethernet modules in the chassis, and interconnect all three backplane buses using the customer’s choice of bridging or routing. Also, these Multichannel Ethernet management modules provide bridged or routed connections to external networks.
Page 181: Incorporating Token Ring
Ethernet network, is already populated. In order to facilitate the creation of new networks, a mid-chassis management module is required. The Token Ring Mid-chassis Management Interface Module, or TRMMIM, is a module designed for that very purpose.
Page 182: Incorporating Fddi
FNB, as well as providing for the connection of either technology to a wide area link. The module is the Ethernet/Token Ring/Wide Area Media Interface Module, or ETWMIM. To use the ETWMIM in a network combining Ethernet and Token Ring technologies where communication between the two networks is desired, add an ETWMIM to the chassis to the left of the leftmost Ethernet module, then begin creating the Token Ring network as outlined above.
Page 183 This Ethernet management and bridging module supplies two Bridge/Router Interface Module, or BRIM, ports on the front panel. One of these BRIM slots may be ﬁtted with a BRIM that bridges Ethernet signals from the EMM-E6 to a front panel FDDI connection.
Page 184: Segmented Ethernet
Expansion - Ethernet Segmented Ethernet A segmented Ethernet conﬁguration is one in which a segmentation technology, such as bridging or switching, is used to break one large group of users and end stations into a series of separate networks. These separate Ethernet network segments are connected to one another through the bridge, router or switch.
Page 185: Adding Users To Several Segments
Adding Users to Several Segments If you wish to add users to two or more segments in the same chassis, simply follow the procedures for adding users to one segment, as detailed above, but determine the number of modules needed on a segment by segment basis. If you determine how many modules are needed to ﬁt the total port count, and not the individual segment counts, you may end up short a module or two.
Page 186: Incorporating Fddi
Expansion - Ethernet In cases where a Multichannel Ethernet network uses an EMM-E6 to provide management and bridging functions, there may be a Bridge/Router Interface Module (BRIM) slot available. If this is the case, a set of Token Ring In/Ring Out (RI/RO) ports can be conﬁgured in the EMM-E6, with a bridged connection to the Ethernet segments of the chassis.
Page 187: Port Assignment And Virtual Lans
Adding Users to Any Segment Adding users to a Port Assignment network is an extremely simple matter. As long as there are Media Interface Module slots available in the MMAC chassis, more stations can be added to the three Multichannel Ethernet networks by simply adding more TPXMIM modules to the chassis.
Page 188 Expansion - Ethernet 8-12 Port Assignment and Virtual LANs...
Page 189: Chapter 9 Expansion - Token Ring
Expansion - Token Ring This chapter deals with the addition of capabilities or user connections to existing network conﬁgurations using the MMAC family of modular hubs. Single Ring A network consisting of only one Token Ring is referred to as a single ring conﬁguration.
Page 190: Adding New Rings
Expansion - Token Ring Adding New Rings When adding new Token Rings to a chassis with an existing Token Ring network, approach the process in the same way as you do the initial conﬁguration of a chassis which incorporates multiple rings. In most cases, chassis containing existing single rings use the TRMM as a management module rather than the TRMM-2 or TRMM-4, modules which incorporate their own Multichannel Token Ring functions.
Page 191: Multi-Ring
The addition of FDDI or other technologies to any MMAC chassis which supports Token Ring as its main technology currently requires the use of a routing device. Cabletron Systems produces a range of routing products for the MMAC chassis that can be customized to suit your connectivity and technology needs. Network Managers desiring to connect their Token Ring networks to an FDDI or ATM network may wish to consider using the Cabletron Systems CRM-3T, a Cisco 4000 router incorporated in a module.
Page 192: Incorporating New Technologies
Expansion - Token Ring For example, we have an MMAC-M8FNB chassis containing two Token Rings: Ring 1, managed by a TRMM in the ﬁrst slot of the chassis, and Ring 2, managed by a TRBMIM in the middle of the chassis. Each ring contains two TRMIMs. We wish to add more stations to Ring 1.
Page 193: Incorporating New Technologies
Incorporating New Technologies The addition of new technologies, such as FDDI, to an existing Multichannel Token Ring chassis is performed in the same fashion as the addition of these capabilities to the Single Token Ring network (see above). Port Assignment Expansion - Token Ring...
Page 194 Expansion - Token Ring Port Assignment...
Page 195: Chapter 10 Expansion - Fddi
Expansion - FDDI This chapter deals with the addition of capabilities or user connections to existing FDDI conﬁgurations using the MMAC family of modular hubs. FDDI Workgroups FDDI workgroups are made up of Concentrators and Stations. Concentrators spread FDDI signals to groups of individual stations. Most concentrators are dual-attached, meaning that they connect to the main dual counterrotating rings of the FDDI network.
Page 196: Adding Dual Attached Concentrators
Expansion - FDDI If, for example, we wished to add another ﬁve FDDI single-attached stations to the ﬁrst chassis we designed in Chapter 7, we would ﬁrst have to examine the available chassis slots. The current design leaves three slots of the chassis free: the ﬁrst, half-sized slot and two full sized slots.
Page 197: Connecting Multiple Rings
Connecting Multiple Rings In the event that you wish to connect two FDDI rings to one another, a segmentation device must be placed between the FDDI networks and connected to each. This device can be an external standalone router or bridge or one of Cabletron Systems’...
Page 198 Expansion - FDDI 10-4 FDDI Workgroups...
Page 199: Chapter 11 Product Descriptions
Product Descriptions This chapter includes a series of representations and brief discussions of some Cabletron Systems MMAC-FNB modules. This section of the Networking Guide provides a series of brief descriptions of several modules which may be used in the design process. This is, by no means, an exhaustive or complete listing of the Cabletron Systems product line, and should be used as a reference while reading this document.
Page 200: Chassis
Product Descriptions Chassis MMAC-M8FNB: 8-Slot Networking Chassis The MMAC-M8FNB is an eight slot intelligent wiring concentrator that allows Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI technologies to be run simultaneously within one hub. The hub is fully protocol and network technology independent, providing connectivity to both existing and emerging technologies.
Page 201 MMAC-M5FNB: 5-Slot Networking Chassis M5PSM The MMAC-M5FNB is a ﬁve-slot chassis that accommodates one management/repeater module and four Media Interface Modules. All modules, cable connections, fan tray and power supplies are accessible from the front of the chassis for ease of installation, network additions and maintenance.
Page 202 Product Descriptions MMAC-M3FNB: 3-Slot Networking Chassis M3FM The MMAC-M3FNB is an enhanced three-slot MMAC, featuring a removable fan tray and removable power supply, both with LANVIEW LEDs for at-a-glance device status. Powered by a high-output MMAC-M3PSM power supply, the MMAC-M3FNB is capable of supporting Ethernet, Token Ring or FDDI all within the same chassis.
Page 203: Ethernet
Ethernet EMME: Ethernet Management and Bridging Module The EMME module is a high performance unit based on the Intel 80960 RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processor. The EMME offers high-level management through its support of SNMP and existing RMON management protocols, as well as providing segmentation and wire-speed bridging within the hub, allowing Ethernet trafﬁc rates over each network segment to be reduced, while still allowing full speed intercommunication between segments.
Page 204 Product Descriptions ESXMIM: Ethernet Switch Module The ESXMIM is a 7-port, user-conﬁgurable port switching module. The ESXMIM allows a full 10 Mbps dedicated connection to be established out of each conﬁgured interface port. The ESXMIM provides ﬁve (5) RJ45 ports for 10BASE-T connections, one EPIM port for a user-conﬁgurable AUI, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, or ﬁber optic connection, and one BRIM port for the use of Cabletron Systems Bridge/Router Interface Modules.
Page 205 TPXMIM-20: 10BASE-T Port Assignment Media Interface Module The TPXMIM-20 is a port assignment module for Ethernet networks which allows the conﬁguration of individual 10BASE-T ports to the three channels of Ethernet on the MMAC-FNB backplane. The TPXMIM-24 provides 9 RJ45 ports and one EPIM slot for the connection of Ethernet Stations.
Page 206 Product Descriptions TPXMIM-33: 10BASE-T Port Assignment Media Interface Module The TPXMIM-33 is a port assignment module for Ethernet networks which allows the conﬁguration of individual 10BASE-T ports to the three channels of Ethernet on the MMAC-FNB backplane. The TPXMIM-33 provides an RJ21 port and one EPIM slot for the connection of Ethernet Stations.
Page 207 Ethernet. The TPRMIM-22 provides 21 ports of RJ45 connectivity for end users, as well as providing space for one Ethernet Port Interface Module or EPIM. The EPIM is a user-conﬁgurable port that can be changed to provide connection for a variety of media: UTP, thin coaxial cable, single- or multi mode ﬁber optics,...
Page 208 Product Descriptions TPRMIM-33: 10BASE-T Repeating Media Interface Module The TPRMIM-33 is an integrated Ethernet repeater module with 10BASE-T twisted pair connectivity, specially designed for The Cabletron Systems MMAC-FNB series hubs equipped with the Ethernet Management Module (EMME or EMM-E6). These Multichannel modules provide connection to either of the two Ethernet channels on the MMAC-FNB backplane: Channels B and C.
Page 209 The CXRMIM is a Media Interface and Repeating Module for 10BASE2 Ethernet. The CXRMIM provides 12 ports of internally terminated BNC connectivity for end users, as well as providing space for one Ethernet Port Interface Module or EPIM. The EPIM is a user-conﬁgurable port that can be changed to provide connection for a variety of media: thin coaxial cable, single mode or multimode ﬁber optics, twisted pair cable or AUI interfaces.
Page 210 If the primary path fails, the secondary path will automatically be activated for use. TPMIM-22: 10BASE-T Media Interface Module The Cabletron Systems TPMIM-22 provides twelve IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T connections for Ethernet networking over UTP cabling using RJ45 jacks.
Page 211 TPMIM-24: 10BASE-T Media Interface Module The Cabletron Systems TPMIM-24 provides twenty-four IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T connections for Ethernet networking over UTP cabling using RJ45 jacks. This module offers network connectivity over 4-pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters. The TPMIM-22 features an automatic polarity detection and correction feature that insures proper transmission of signals over 10BASE-T cables which may have been cross-terminated.
Page 212 FOMIM-2X Series: FOIRL Media Interface Modules The FOMIM-2X series of Ethernet ﬁber optic Media Interface Module for the Cabletron Systems MMAC provide Ethernet connectivity for multimode ﬁber optic cabling. The FOMIM-2X series provide ST-type ﬁber optic links for multimode ﬁber.
Page 213 FOMIM-3X Series: FOIRL Media Interface Modules The FOMIM-3X series of Ethernet ﬁber optic Media Interface Module for the Cabletron Systems MMAC provide Ethernet connectivity for single mode ﬁber optic cabling. The FOMIM-3X series provide ST-type ﬁber optic links for single mode ﬁber.
Page 214: Token Ring
Product Descriptions Token Ring TRMM-2: Multichannel Token Ring Management Module The TRMM-2 is a multiple channel Token Ring Management Module for the MMAC chassis. The TRMM-2 is capable of managing one or two Token Ring networks within the MMAC hub, all from a single module. The ﬁrst Token Ring connection is made through the backplane interface of the TRMM-2 .
Page 215 TDRMIM Series: Token Ring Dual Repeater Modules The TDRMIM-22A and -42A are part of a series of Token Ring modules for the MMAC-FNB which provide access to multiple backplane rings and the capability of port assignment, sometimes referred to as port switching. These modules feature two sets of multimode ﬁber optic Ring-In and Ring-Out ports and twelve active lobe ports.
Page 216 Product Descriptions TRXMIM-4X Series: Token Ring Port Assignment Modules The TRXMIM-4X series of Token Ring modules provide access to multiple backplane rings and the capability of port assignment, sometimes also referred to as port switching. Designed especially for use with the Token Ring Management Modules (TRMM-2/4), these modules expand the networking capabilities of the MMAC by supporting multiple Token Ring networks over the existing FNB backplane.
Page 217 TRMMIM: Token Ring Management Module The TRMMIM Token Ring Management/Media Interface Module extends the management capabilities of the MMAC hub. Working in conjunction with other management modules or intelligent repeaters, the TRMMIM offers the same physical control and data management features of the TRMM for each additional Token Ring network installed in the MMAC.
Page 218 Product Descriptions TRMIM-2XA Series: Active Token Ring Media Interface Modules The TRMIM-22A and TRMIM-24A are Active Token Ring Media Interface Modules designed for the MMAC. They provide users with 12- and 24-trunk coupling ports, respectively, for Token Ring network connections over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), IBM Type 3 wiring or the category 4 or 5 cabling.
Page 219 TRFMIM-2XA Series: Token Ring Fiber Optic Media Interface Module TRFMIMs are ﬁber optic Token Ring concentrator modules for the Cabletron Systems MMAC intelligent hub. Developed to the IEEE 802.5J Token Ring ﬁber optic draft standard, TRFMIMs are designed for any Token Ring network requiring the added security, reliability and signal-driving capabilities of ﬁber...
Page 220 TRRMIM-AT: Token Ring Ring-In/Ring-Out Module The TRRMIM-AT is an IEEE 802.5 compliant Token Ring Repeater Media Interface module which provides Ring-In/Ring-Out ports to any Token Ring network operating in an MMAC chassis. The TRRMIM-AT features active port circuitry, which extends the maximum distance a Token Ring connection may cover.
Page 221 TRRMIM-4AT: Token Ring Ring-In/Ring-Out Module The TRRMIM-4AT is an IEEE 802.5 compliant Token Ring Repeater Media Interface module which provides Ring-In/Ring-Out ports to any Token Ring network operating in an MMAC chassis. The TRRMIM-4AT features active port circuitry, which extends the maximum distance a Token Ring connection may cover.
Page 222 TRRMIM-F3T: Token Ring Ring-In/Ring-Out Module The TRRMIM-F3T is an IEEE 802.5 compliant Token Ring Repeater Media Interface module which provides Ring-In/Ring-Out ports to any Token Ring network operating in an MMAC chassis. The TRRMIM-F3T features active port circuitry, which extends the maximum distance a Token Ring connection may cover.
Page 223: Fddi
FDDI FDMMIM: FDDI Management Module and Ethernet Bridge The FDMMIM is an intelligent ANSI X3T9.5 compliant FDDI management module that contains two DAS ports. This module also performs Ethernet-to-FDDI bridging, with Ethernet ﬁltering and forwarding rates of 14,880 packets per second and an FDDI ﬁltering rate of 446,429 packets per second.
Page 224 Product Descriptions FDMMIM-30: FDDI Management Module and Ethernet Bridge The FDMMIM-30 is an intelligent ANSI X3T9.5 compliant FDDI management module that contains two DAS ports for single mode ﬁber optic cabling. This module also performs Ethernet-to-FDDI bridging, with Ethernet ﬁltering and forwarding rates of 14,880 packets per second and an FDDI ﬁltering rate of 446,429 packets per second.
Page 225 FDCMIM-04: FDDI MMF-PMD Concentrator Module The FDCMIM-04 is an FDDI concentrator module with four Single Attached Station (SAS) ports which support multimode MIC terminated ﬁber optic cable. The FDCMIM-04 is an ANSI X3T9.5 compliant FDDI concentrator which supports MMF-PMD-compliant FDDI network connections. FDCMIM-08: FDDI MMF-PMD Concentrator Module The FDCMIM-08 is an FDDI concentrator module with eight Single Attached Station (SAS) ports which support multimode MIC terminated ﬁber optic cable.
Page 226 Product Descriptions FDCMIM-24: FDDI TP-PMD Concentrator Module The FDCMIM-24 is an ANSI X3T9.5 compliant FDDI concentrator module for use in the MMAC hub. It provides four lobe connections for FDDI nodes over Category 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters. The FDCMIM receives its management instructions from the FDMMIM module in the hub, and meets the standards set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for TP-PMD (Twisted Pair-Physical Media Dependent) devices.
Page 227 FDCMIM-34: FDDI SMF-PMD Concentrator Module The Cabletron Systems FDCMIM-34 provides four M-type concentrator ports over single mode ﬁber optic cable. These modules are completely managed and controlled through any FDMMIM management module using any SNMP management station or by using the local console port (out-of-band). Fully compliant with the ANSI Single Mode Fiber Physical Medium Dependent (SMF-PMD) standard, the FDCMIM-34 allows for the attachment of FDDI workstations up to 40 km on single mode ﬁber optic cable.
Page 228 Product Descriptions FDCMIM-44: FDDI TP-PMD Concentrator Module The FDCMIM-44 is an ANSI X3T9.5 compliant FDDI concentrator module for use in the MMAC hub. It provides four lobe connections for FDDI nodes over Shielded Twisted Pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters. The FDCMIM receives its management instructions from the FDMMIM module in the hub, and meets the standards set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for TP-PMD (Twisted Pair-Physical Media Dependent) devices.
Page 229: Miscellaneous/Multiprotocol
Miscellaneous/Multiprotocol ETWMIM: Ethernet/Token Ring/Wide Area Bridge Module The ETWMIM provides bridging between Token Ring and Ethernet networks as well as connectivity to remote sites across a WAN. When installed in your central ofﬁce hub the ETWMIM, with optional T1-SRM module, is capable of branching out to as many as 24 remote ofﬁce sites.
Page 230 Product Descriptions CRM-3T: Cisco Router Module with Token Ring Backplane Connection The CRM-3T is a router specially designed for the MMAC that utilizes the main Token Ring bus of the MMAC-FNB chassis. The CRM-3T runs the industry-leading routing software of Cisco Systems, and can provide remote locations with several internetworking beneﬁts, including access authentication for security and header compression, and priority queuing for improved bandwidth utilization.
Page 231 CSMIM2-LT: DEC LAT and TCP/IP Terminal Server and Ethernet Bridge The CSMIM2-LT is a communications server module that is capable of performing DEC LAT to Ethernet conversion. Modems or other serial attached devices may access the network through this device. In order to protect the human investment already made, the CSMIM2 utilizes UNIX-like commands for connection management, allowing trained terminal users easy and quickly-learned access to the network.
Page 232 Product Descriptions MODEXT: Integrated Modem Server Extention Module The MODEXT modem extension module works in conjunction with the MODMIM-4 to provide additional wide area connectivity from the chassis. Up to twelve integrated modems may be supported by a single MODMIM. The MODEXT is available in two models, one incorporating four US Robotics V.32terbo modems, and one which provides eight.
Page 233: Appendix A Charts & Tables
Appendix A Charts & Tables This appendix provides a central location for a series of ﬂowcharts and tables that contain useful network design information.
Page 234: Network Design Flowcharts
Charts & Tables Network Design Flowcharts Ethernet Network Design Flowchart EMME Family Select MIMs Assignment? Select “B” RMIMs Select “C” RMIMs Select XMIMs Select Chassis Multi-segment? Switched? Port ESXMIM go to ESXMIM chart DONE IRM Family Select MIMs Switched Workgroup? Network Design Flowcharts...
Page 235: Esxmim Network Design Flowchart
ESXMIM Network Design Flowchart Single ESXMIM? Conﬁgure BRIMs Network Design Flowcharts As Work- group Switch? Single ESXMIM? Return to Ethernet Chart Charts & Tables from Ethernet chart Chassis Bridge? Select RMIMs...
Page 236: Single Token Ring Network Design Flowchart
Charts & Tables Single Token Ring Network Design Flowchart TRMMIM Select TRMIMs Network Within Spec? Select Chassis Slot #1 Empty? Active Circuitry? Attempt Design Design Requires Using Multiple Active Circuitry RI/RO? Select TRRMIMs DONE TRMM Select Active TRMIMs Network Within Spec? Rings Network Design Flowcharts...
Page 237: Segmented Token Ring Network Design Flowchart
Segmented Token Ring Network Design Flowchart TRMMIM Select TRMIMs Attempt Design Network Using Within Active Spec? Circuitry Network Design Flowcharts Select Chassis Slot #1 Empty? Active Circuitry? Segment Requires Further Division RI/RO? Select TRRMIMs Another Ring? DONE Charts & Tables TRMM TRBMIM Select Active TRMIMs...
Page 238: Multichannel Token Ring Network Design Flowchart
Charts & Tables Multichannel Token Ring Network Design Flowchart Select Chassis TRMM-2/-4 TRXMIMs RI/RO? TDRMIMs Connect CRM-3T Rings in Hub? Add NPMs DONE Network Design Flowcharts...
Page 239: Fddi Backbone Network Design Flowchart
FDDI Backbone Network Design Flowchart CRM-3T FDDI NPM Network Design Flowcharts Select Chassis Ethernet Network? FDDI Stations? BRIM FDMMIM Slot? FDCMIMs BRIM-F6 FPIMs DONE Charts & Tables...
Page 240: Fddi Workgroup Network Design
Charts & Tables FDDI Workgroup Network Design Select Chassis Token Ring Ethernet Network? Network? CRM-3T FDDI NPM FDMMIM FDCMIMs DONE Network Design Flowcharts...
Page 241: Mmac Design Tables
Management, and Bridging or Routing to B, C, and External Ethernet channels a. The EMM-E6 utilizes the rightmost two slots in the MMAC chassis, the Management Module slot and one adjacent full Media Interface Module slot. MMAC Design Tables Table A-1. MMAC Chassis...
Page 242 Charts & Tables Connectivity Media Type Connector Type AUI (to DB15 (female) transceivers) Thin Coax RG58 RJ45 RJ21 Multimode Sub-Miniature Fiber Optics Assembly Straight-Tip Single Mode Straight-Tip Fiber Optics UTP/STP a. Note: All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors (transmit and receive) for each Ethernet connection. The number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module.
Page 243 Multichannel Connectivity Media Type Connector Type Thin Coax RG58 RJ45 RJ21 (Telco) Multimode Straight-Tip Fiber Optics a. The CXRMIM and TPRMIM families support front panel EPIM slots. b. In the case of the TPRMIM-36, the EPIM slot will only be active if one connection normally made through the RJ21 ports is disabled.
Page 244 Charts & Tables Port Assignment Table A-6. Ethernet Port Assignment MIMs Media Type Connector Type RJ45 RJ21 a. All TPXMIM modules provide one EPIM port in addition to the RJ45 or RJ21 ports on the front panel. b. The TPXMIM-34 requires that one station connection of the RJ21 Telco port be disabled in order to activate the EPIM connection.
Page 245: Token Ring Design Tables
Token Ring Design Tables Management Table A-7. Token Ring Management Modules Required Functions Creation of a single Token Ring in an otherwise unpopulated chassis Creation of a Token Ring in a chassis containing existing modules Bridging Table A-8. Token Ring Bridge/Management Module Required Functions Mid-chassis Bridging/Management...
Page 246 Charts & Tables Connectivity Media Type UTP (passive) UTP (active) STP (passive) STP (active) Multimode Fiber Optics Single Mode Fiber Optics a. Note: All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors (transmit and receive) for each Token Ring connection. The number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module.
Page 247 Ring-In/Ring-Out Connectivity Station Port Connector Type Media Type None UTP (active) RJ45 STP (active) Shielded RJ45 Fiber Optics ST Connectors (Multimode) Fiber Optics ST Connectors (Single mode) Token Ring Port Assignment Connectivity Table A-12. Token Ring Port Assignment MIMs Media Type UTP (active) STP (active) Port Assignment Ring-In/Ring-Out Connectivity...
Page 248: Fddi Design Tables
Charts & Tables FDDI Design Tables FDDI Management Table A-14. FDDI Management/Bridge Module A/B Port Media Type Multimode Fiber Optics Single Mode Fiber Optics a. FDDI ﬁber optic connections are made using Media Interface Connector (MIC) connectors. Unlike ST connectors, only one MIC-connected ﬁber optic cable is necessary to make one station connection.
Page 249: Networking Standards And Limitations
Networking Standards and Limitations Ethernet Distance Limitations Table A-16. Ethernet Standard Distance Limitations Thick Coax Thin Coax Standard AUI Ofﬁce AUI Fiber Optics (Multimode) Fiber Optics (Single Mode) General Rules Max # Stations Max Repeater Hops/Path Max # Bridges/Path Topologies Networking Standards and Limitations Media Max Distance...
Page 250: Token Ring
Charts & Tables Token Ring Distance Limitations Media Circuitry active passive active passive Fiber Optics active a. IBM Type 6 cable is recommended for use as jumper cabling only, and should not be used for facility cabling installations. A-18 Table A-18. Token Ring Maximums Max # of Stations Cable Type...
Page 251 Ring-In/Ring-Out Limitations Table A-19. Ring-In/Ring-Out Distances Media Shielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair Category 3/4 Category 5 Fiber Optics (Multimode) Fiber Optics (Single Mode) General Rules Max # Stations/Ring Max # Bridges Topologies Networking Standards and Limitations Max Distance (4 Mbps) 770m 200m 250m...
Page 252: Fddi
Charts & Tables FDDI FDDI Distance Limitations Media Fiber Optics (Multimode) Fiber Optics (Single Mode) Unshielded Twisted Pair Shielded Twisted Pair a. Category 5 UTP cabling only b. IBM Type 1 STP cabling only General Rules Max # Stations/Ring Max Total Ring Length Topologies A-20 Table 11-1.
Page 253 This glossary provides brief descriptions of some of the recurrent terms in the main text, as well as related terms used in discussions of the relevant networking discussions. These descriptions are not intended to be comprehensive discussions of the subject matter. For further clariﬁcation of these terms, you may wish to refer to the treatments of these terms in the main text.
Page 254 BRIM Bridge/Router Interface Module. BRIMs are added to BRIM-capable Cabletron Systems equipment to provide connections to external networks through an integrated bridge or router.
Page 255 Channel A portion of a backplane bus which is speciﬁcally partitioned off for the transmission of one type of network data. Chassis See Modular Chassis. Client A workstation or node which obtains services from a server device located on the network. Client-Server A computing model which is based on the use of dedicated devices (servers) for the performance of speciﬁc computational or networking...
Page 256 CSMA/CD to Dual Attached CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. CSMA/CD is the basis for the operation of Ethernet networks. CSMA/CD is the method by which stations monitor the network, determine when to transmit data, and what to do if they sense a collision or other error during that transmission.
Page 257 A security process which encodes raw data into a form that cannot be utilized or read without decryption. EPIM Ethernet Port Interface Module. EPIMs are added to speciﬁcally-designed slots in Cabletron Systems Ethernet products to provide connections to external media. EPIMs allow a great ﬂexibility in the media used to connect to networks.
Page 258 Frame to Interface Frame A group of bits that form a discrete block of information. Frames contain network control information or data. The size and composition of a frame is determined by the network protocol being used. Frmaes are typically generated by operations at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI Model.
Page 259 Internet A world-wide network which provides access through a vast chain of private and public LANs. Interoperability The capacity to function in conjunction with other devices. Used primarily to indicate the ability of different vendors’ networking products to work together cohesively. Internet Protocol.
Page 260 M or S connector or A/B connector. Micron ( ) A micrometer, one millionth of a meter. Media Interface Module. See also Module. Mission-Critical Vital to the operation of a network, company, or agency.
Page 261 Octet A numerical value made up of eight binary places (bits). Octets can represent decimal numbers from zero (0000 0000) to 255 (1111 1111). Object Identiﬁer. OSI Model Open Standards Interconnect. A model of the way in which network communications should proceed from the user process to the physical media and back.
Page 262 A modular connector style used with twisted pair cabling. The RJ45 connector resembles the modern home telephone connector (RJ11). RMIM Repeating Media Interface Module. A term used to indicate a family of Cabletron Systems Ethernet Media Interface Modules (See MIM) which are capable of performing their own repeater functions.
Page 263 Single Attached Connected to an FDDI network through a single cable which does not provide for auto-wrap functions. Single Mode A type of ﬁber optics in which light travels in one predeﬁned mode, or wavelength. Signals in single mode ﬁber optics are typically driven by lasers.
Page 264 Switch to UTP Switch A network device which connects two or more separate network segments and allows trafﬁc to be passed between them when necessary. A switch determines if a packet should be blocked or transmitted based on the destination address contained in that packet. Transmission Control Protocol.
Page 265 Numerics 10BASE2 2-9 10BASE5 2-8 10BASE-T 2-10 80/20 Rule 4-8 A/B Ports 7-3 ANSI 2-14 Assistance 1-4 ATM Forum 2-14 AUI 2-10 Auto-Wrap 6-8 Backbones 3-4, 5-18 collapsed 4-15 deﬁnition 4-13 device 4-16 distributed 4-14 planning 4-13 selection 4-17 Beacon deﬁnition 6-5 recovery 6-6 BNC 2-9...
Page 266 M Ports 7-5 Media 2-7 FDDI 7-2 Token Ring 6-9 Media Access Control (MAC) 2-17 Media Interface Module (MIM) 5-5 Modular Chassis 4-25 Multichannel Ethernet 5-21 Multichannel Token Ring 6-33 Multiple Access 5-1 Multistation Access Unit (MAU) 6-4, 6-10, 6-21...
Page 267 Packet 3-2 Phantom current 6-21 PMD 7-2 Port assignment Ethernet 5-30 Token Ring 6-33 Port switching See Port Assignment Propagation delay 5-2, 5-16 Related Documents 1-4 Repeater rule Ethernet 5-8 Repeaters 5-6 Repeating Media Interface Modules (RMIMs) 5-7, 5-22 Ring-In/Ring-Out 6-22 Routing Ethernet 3-5 Token Ring 3-12...
Page 268 Index-4 Draft Manual - For Internal Use Only...

This manual is also suitable for:

Mmac-fnb

Cabletron Systems MMAC-5FNB Networking Manual

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Overview of Networking

Chapter 3 Technology Basics

Chapter 4 Network Design

Chapter 5 Ethernet

Chapter 6 Token Ring

Chapter 7 FDDI

Chapter 8 Expansion - Ethernet

Chapter 9 Expansion - Token Ring

Chapter 10 Expansion - FDDI

Chapter 11 Product Descriptions

Appendix A Charts & Tables

Quick Links

Related Manuals for Cabletron Systems MMAC-5FNB

Summary of Contents for Cabletron Systems MMAC-5FNB

This manual is also suitable for:

Table of Contents