Apogee AD-1000 Operating Manual
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Apogee AD-1000 Operating Manual

Portable reference analog to digital conversion system
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A A D D - - 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Portable Reference
Analog to Digital
Conversion System
Operating Manual and
UV22
License Agreement
®
Revision 2.1: November 1996

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Summary of Contents for Apogee AD-1000

  • Page 1 A A D D - - 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Portable Reference Analog to Digital Conversion System Operating Manual and UV22 License Agreement ® Revision 2.1: November 1996...
  • Page 2 SoftLimit is a Trademark, and UV22 is a Registered Trademark, of Apogee Electronics, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective holders. Technology within the AD-1000 including the C768 Low Jitter Clock is covered by one or more patents that are the property of Apogee Electronics Corporation.
  • Page 3 AD-1000 Operating Manual The Apogee AD-1000 20 bit Resolution A/D Converter “Your first class ticket from analog to digital!”...
  • Page 4 We know you will find the wait was worth it. Thanks for trusting Apogee – we are sure your new AD- 1000 will surpass your expectations and provide years of quality service.
  • Page 5 Also, the equipment must be marked to reflect that it meets the CE standards (“CE mark”). The breakdown, by product, is as follows: AD-1000 – Special adapter kit “CE-AD-1000” must be used for the I/O connectors. The connectors are labeled “Left Input,” Right Input,” “Digital Output,” and “Sync Input.” The converter itself must be marked “CE.”...

  • Page 6: Licensing And Legal Information

    You agree you will not copy the materials accompanying the AD-1000. The materi- al contained in this manual consists of information that is the property of Apogee and is intended solely for use by the purchasers of the equipment described in this manual. Apogee expressly prohibits the duplication of any portion of this manual or the use thereof for any purpose other than the operation or maintenance of the equip- ment described in this manual without the express written permission of Apogee.

  • Page 7: Warranty Information

    Service Information If the AD-1000 is kept in a clean environment free of excess dust, moisture and heat, it will give years of trou- ble-free service. The only components with a limited life are the electrolytic capacitors used. These are of high quality and will give many thousands of hours service.
  • Page 8 AD-1000 Operating Manual THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Using the AD-1000 with ADAT Systems ...36 16 Bit Recording ...37 AD-1000 ADAT Configurations ...37 20 Bit Recording Option ...38 Using the AD-1000 with DA-88 Systems and the FC-8...41 S/PDIF and Word Clock Output...43 Battery Operation ...43 Other 12 Volt Sources ...43...
  • Page 10 AD-1000 Operating Manual Table of Contents Power Connector Pinout Diagrams...44 Appendix I: About UV22 Super CD Encoding ...46 UV22 Caveats ...49 Appendix II: About Digital Audio Interconnects...50 Revision History ...55...

  • Page 11: Analog Input Circuitry

    AD-1000 Operating Manual Introduction The AD-1000 is a multi-purpose stereo analog to digital converter combining a high quality dual-stage, triple servo, analog ‘front end’ with 20 bit resolution. This combination provides unmatched sonic performance of 20 bit resolution, optimized for 20- and 16-bit applications such as digital tape recorders, disk-based audio work- stations, and CD premastering.
  • Page 12 An accurate 10 PPM internal crystal provides sample rates of 32, 44.1 and 48 KHz and the 0.1% derivatives 44.056, 44.144, 47.952 and 48.048 KHz (useful in film and video transfer work). The AD-1000 also has ability to multiply or divide incoming AES, S/PDIF, Optical and Word Clock sync by 1.001 for added flexibility. (1.001 is the ratio between monochrome video –...
  • Page 13 The result is superior sonic imaging with excel- lent soundstage detail. Whenever possible, the AD-1000 should be the digital timing source for the digital studio. Additional information on the sync capabilities of the AD-1000 is included on page 25 of this manual. Page 13...

  • Page 14: Specifications

    QUANTIZATION FREQUENCY RESPONSE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE (THD+N) Full Amplitude –20dB scaled to Fs SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO CROSSTALK SOFT LIMIT THRESHOLD METERING THRESHOLDS COMMON MODE REJECTION EXTERNAL SAMPLING RATE RANGE Any frequency from 32KHz to 54KHz via INTERNAL SAMPLING RATE SAMPLING RATE ACCURACY SAMPLING RATE INDICATOR INTERNAL CLOCK JITTER...

  • Page 15: Inputs

    Note: The AD-1000 will work with any well regulated 12V DC Power source with an output current of 1300 mA or greater. We recommend using linear type power supplies Direct connection to external 12VDC lead acid or NiCad batteries will provide convenient portable operation. See page 43 for additional details on battery power.

  • Page 16: Outputs

    F. HI-RESOLUTION OPTION - AD1K-PRT (20 bit encoding and decoding across track pairs) Through a combination of enhancements to the AD-1000, a hi-resolution stereo output can be mapped to stereo pairs of ADAT (or TDIF with the FC-8 format converter) format tracks.

  • Page 17: Optional Accessories

    220, and 240 Volts AC and 50/60Hz providing dual 12.0 Volts DC regulated outputs at 1500mA each. Unit is ⁄ rack size and matches style and finish of the AD-1000. Power is distributed by two 15 Pin HD connectors on the rear panel. This unit can power up to two Apogee converters (A/D or D/A).

  • Page 18: Unpacking And Installation

    Unpacking and Installation Unpacking Your AD-1000 is packed in a foam lined shipping container. Be sure to save the container for any future ship- ments of the unit. Accessories The following accessories are shipped with the AD-1000. 1 x Operation Manual 1 x Warranty Card ⁄...

  • Page 19: Getting Started Quickly

    AD-1000 Operating Manual Getting Started Quickly Your AD-1000 is shipped ready to go. It has spent at least two days ‘burning in’. This burn-in procedure involves powered operation at elevated temperatures to isolate units that could possibly fail due to infant mortality.

  • Page 20: Basic Operation

    The CAL pots can be bypassed and the gain controlled by the LEFT and RIGHT rotary controls if desired. This is accomplished by changing the DIP switch settings accessed via a slot on top of the AD-1000. Refer to page 31 for further information.

  • Page 21: Oscillator

    This is used primarily for headroom alignment and testing. The output level can be selected by setting DIP switches located on the top of the AD-1000. The digital oscillator is set at 15dB below full scale as a default. These switches can be changed by using a small screwdriver. The table below lists the available test tone levels and the corresponding switch settings.

  • Page 22: Digital Inputs

    To Input Digital Audio: 1. Connect your digital audio source to the AD-1000 to the top BNC connector on the back of the AD-1000 for AES/EBU* or S/PDIF operation. Optical input is available via the TOSLINK connector on the back of the AD- 1000.

  • Page 23: Soft Limit Function And Calibration

    ‘overs’. The Soft Limit feature of the AD-1000, unlike conventional peak limiters, does not have a precise kick-in point. It is, in fact a logarithmic curve whose steepness increases as you approach the “threshold” (therefore “thresh- old”...

  • Page 24: Phantom Power

    Soft Limit ON. Adjust Soft Limit Adjustment pots (on the bottom of the AD-1000) until OVR LEDs just go out. Verify that you are not getting any “overs” on a DAT machine or a digital-reading meter.

  • Page 25: Output Resolution Selection And Uv22

    The AD-1000 is very flexible, with very accurate internally-generated sampling rates and its ability to lock to a wide range of external sync sources. The AD-1000 can also act as a stand-alone sync generator.

  • Page 26: Locking To External Word Sync Inputs

    AES terminates the input with a 110 impedance. You would use the Terminated position if the AD-1000 was the last or the only device in the AES chain. The position with the ( ) above it signifies a bridged input of 5k for the AES.

  • Page 27: Locking To External S/Pdif Sync Inputs

    NORM position, then this sync input acts in the same way as the S/PDIF or AES inputs do. If the AD-1000 is selected to ADAT then the incoming signal is expected to be from an ADAT optical output. ADAT input is only possible if the special AD1K-PRT option is installed.

  • Page 28: Locking To A Ntsc Video Sync Source

    The AD-1000 features many different digital audio output formats. The front panel power switch is a three posi- tion switch located on the front upper right hand corner of the AD-1000. The center position selects power OFF. The other two positions select either NORM or ADAT output format. The selected output format appears at the AES (male XLR), S/PDIF 15 pin HD connector and OPTICAL (optical plug nearest the edge of unit) outputs simultaneously with the appropriate format, level and impedance.
  • Page 29 Peak emission power between –15dBm and –21dBm (when measured at the edge of the refer- ence optical fiber which is connected to the output terminal of the fiber optic transmitter) Connector: standard to ‘TOSLINK’ style optical interconnect. AD-1000 Operating Manual Valid Sample Rate Selector Positions 44.056 44.1 44.144 47.952...

  • Page 30: Rear Panel Functions And Locations

    This is done by changing the position of switch 5 to of the eight pin DIP switch package located on the top of the AD-1000. ON corresponds to Pin 3 hot and OFF to Pin 2 hot. The Red Pin 3 LED on the front panel will illuminate to warn of the non-standard configuration.

  • Page 31: Advanced Operation

    The default position is with all switches set to the off position. The switches serve the following functions. Switch 1 Selects the termination of the SYNC-S/PDIF BNC connector located on the back of the AD-1000 Sync/SPDIF input is bridged with > 5k Sync/SPDIF input is terminated with 75 Switch 2, 3 and 4 Select the oscillator level output and –12 LED Threshold.

  • Page 32: Technical Input Information

    DC Removal The input to the AD-1000 is direct coupled in the Line +4 and –10 CAL positions: no capacitors are in the sig- nal path. This means the DC inputs will be passed through the direct coupled stages all the way to the conver- sion stage.

  • Page 33: Built In Level Calibration Using One Led

    Precise Calibration using One LED When you need to make a mix from your analog mixing console, it is necessary to calibrate your AD-1000 to the output of the mixing console. The AD-1000 incorporates a unique feature to enable you to simply match the digital output to within a hair width of your console’s meters.

  • Page 34: Digital Headroom Explained

    AD-1000 Operating Manual Digital Headroom Explained ANALOG METER MAX. ANALOG +19dBu LEVEL +19 dBu with +4dBu @ 0 ref 15 dB HEADROOM ANALOG NOMINAL +4dBu TYPICALLY 0dB COMPARISON OF ANALOG INPUT TO DIGITAL OUTPUT WITH 15dB HEADROOM AND +4 dBu REFERENCE ANALOG METER MAX.

  • Page 35: Options And Enhancements

    Operation: 1. Connect your digital audio source to the AD-1000 to the top BNC port on the back of the AD-1000 for AES/EBU* or S/PDIF operation. Optical input is available via the TosLink connector on the back of the AD-1000.

  • Page 36: Using The Ad-1000 With Adat Systems

    “input,” you will see four pairs of information with the left channel of the AD-1000 going to tracks 1, 3, 5 and 7 of the ADAT and the right channel of the AD-1000 going to tracks 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the ADAT. Thus, you can record onto tracks 3 and 8, or 5 and 6, or 1 and 4, or 7 and 8, and so on.

  • Page 37: Bit Recording

    6. Connect the word clock cable (75 to the 48 kHz input of the BRC. A special cable “PS-1000/AD-1000 Cable” is required for this. It may be pur- chased from your Apogee dealer or see the diagram to build it yourself.

  • Page 38: Bit Recording Option

    Using good quality (Apogee) 75 cable, connect a good quality video sync (blackburst) generator to one of the sync inputs (BNC connectors on the rear panel) of the AD-1000. Using the other BNC on the AD-1000, which is connected as a loop through, connect a cable to the VIDEO IN connector (BNC) on the BRC. The BRC is nec- essary to reference the ADAT to video sync.
  • Page 39 Sync 9-pin D ADAT “Digital In” Sync 9-pin D First AD-1000 (top): Sync Source Crystal; sample rate 44.1 or 48 kHz. Other AD-1000s: Sync Source WC; sample rate set to 6 o’clock position. BRC: Ext Sync, 48 kHz ADAT w/Multiple AD-1000s...
  • Page 40 6 o’clock (unmarked) In positions 1 o’clock to 4 o’clock, the output of the AD-1000 (AES or S/PDIF) will be a 16-bit signal on channel A (left) and the 4-bit plus tone signal on channel B (right) from each of the selected track pairs. In positions 5 and six o’clock, the output (AES or S/PDIF) will be a “normal”...

  • Page 41: Using The Ad-1000 With Da-88 Systems And The Fc-8

    Recording Using the ADAT" for coding and decoding the 20 bit signal to and from the DA-88. With the FC-8, the AD-1000 will only see the ADAT I/O, so you can fool it into thinking that it is dealing with an ADAT machine.
  • Page 42 2. Select the appropriate analog input (+4 CAL, –10 CAL, or MIC) on the INPUT SELECT switch. ADAT In 3. Set the front panel power switch of the AD-1000 to ADAT when using the Apogee FC-8 Format Converter. If using the Tascam IF-88AE, select NORM for an AES output.

  • Page 43: S/Pdif And Word Clock Output

    S/PDIF and Word Clock (WC) Output Operation The S/PDIF and Word Clock (WC) outputs are available on the 15-pin HD connector on the rear of the AD-1000 (the same connector that is the power supply input). This cable can be ordered from your Apogee dealer (PS- 1000/AD-1000 cable) or use the diagram overleaf if you want to make it yourself.

  • Page 44: Power Connector Pinout Diagrams

    GRAY (from PSU) WHITE (from PSU) AD-1000 HD15 connections – S/PDIF AD-1000 Operating Manual AD-1000 HD15 connector (J1) pin numbering viewed looking into the connector on the unit from the outside (numbers are as molded on the connector itself) CHASSIS...
  • Page 45 GRAY (from PSU) WHITE (from PSU) AD-1000 HD15 connections – SDIF-2 AD-1000 Operating Manual AD-1000 HD15 connector (J1) pin numbering viewed looking into the connector on the unit from the outside (numbers are as molded on the connector itself) SHIELD...

  • Page 46: Appendix I - Uv22 Super Cd Encoding

    At Apogee, we believe the dynamic range of CD to be fine for many current applications. As a result, we don’t try to modify the noise floor. Instead, we make it transparent, allowing clear, clean audio information to be heard up to 30 dB into the noise –...
  • Page 47 • Common dither methods compromise the 16-bit noise floor – they add noise • Noise shaping and ‘bit mapping’ trade a reduced noise floor for a large boost at high frequencies • UV22, Apogee’s proprietary process, keeps the audible noise floor solid at the theoretical minimum for 16- bit systems Although noise shaping and bit-mapping systems (questionably) focus on the noise floor, users often hear this ‘improved’...
  • Page 48 16-bit CD. Maybe worse. “We performed the same test with the Apogee UV22; we made a CD master tape and a CD of the 20-bit X-86 tape through the UV22. We listened to all three discs, the 16-bit, the SBM, and the UV22. The UV22 ver- sion was by far the best.

  • Page 49: Uv22 Caveats

    —Stephen Marcussen, Precision Mastering, Hollywood “[The Apogee UV22] rounds out the rough edges of digital. I put material through the UV22 at below –60 dB and you could clearly hear the low-level information. It was much smoother and much more intact”.

  • Page 50: Appendix Ii - Digital Audio Interconnects

    AD-1000 Operating Manual Appendix II – Digital Audio Interconnects Digital Audio Without Making Your Eyes Glaze Over You’ve probably read, or at least started to read many articles on digital audio. Like many people, you may be guilty of skipping the technical diagrams and jumping to the last page for the conclusions. Understanding how digital audio works is akin to getting into the details of how MIDI controls musical instruments…...
  • Page 51 Timing jitter can cause more subtle effects. In digital to analog converters for example, the location of instru- ments across the audio sound stage can become less focused. Note: A “sound stage” is the mental picture you form when you listen to a piece of music and localize the various instruments and vocals as if they were on stage in front of you (closing your eyes can help form the image).
  • Page 52 Some of it is random and some has specific frequency content. When the internal timing is passed to another device over an interconnect, different types of connections add more or less jitter. A short AES/EBU connection over high quality digital audio cable – such as Apogee’s Wyde Eye 110 AES/EBU cable –...
  • Page 53 (MDM) systems. The ADAT uses an optical format in which the physical transmitters and receivers are the same as for TosLink S/PDIF (which is why the AD-1000 can han- dle both with the same connector); however the format carries all eight channels rather than just two. As a result, the AD-1000 repeats its two channels across the eight channels in the ADAT (the first AD-1000 channel appears on the od-numbered tracks, while the second appears on the even tracks).
  • Page 54 AD-1000 Operating Manual on a twisted pair of wires enclosed in an outer metal shield. The shield is usually a continuous, flexible braided wire jacket or in applications where flex is unnecessary, a metal foil wrap is often used (inside patch bays and consoles for example).

  • Page 55: Revision History

    Installed New Graphic Elements Rev 0.3 6/19/95 Added changes and revisions to entire manual. Rev 2.0 8/6/96 Complete revision and reworking including additional section covering new options Rev 2.1 11/5/96 Minor corrections to the above AD-1000 Operating Manual Revision History Page 55...

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