Keysight N778 C Series User Manual
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Keysight N778 C Series User Manual

Polarization instruments: polarization analyzer, synchronous scrambler, polarization synthesizer, optical component analyzer.
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Keysight N778xC Series
Polarization Instruments
N7781C Polarization Analyzer
N7785C Synchronous Scrambler
N7786C Polarization Synthesizer
N7788C Optical Component Analyzer
User's Guide

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Summary of Contents for Keysight N778 C Series

  • Page 1 Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments N7781C Polarization Analyzer N7785C Synchronous Scrambler N7786C Polarization Synthesizer N7788C Optical Component Analyzer User’s Guide...
  • Page 2 HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO http://www.keysight.com/find/sweula. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF The license set forth in the EULA represents MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A the exclusive authority by which the U.S. PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 3: Safety Summary

    Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings or operating instructions in the product manuals violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements. Product manuals are provided on the Web.

  • Page 4: Instrument Markings

    Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 5: Compliance And Environmental Information

    Declaration of Conformity Declarations of Conformity for this product and for the Keysight products may be downloaded from the Web. Go to http://www.keysight.com/go/conformity. You can then search by product number to find the latest Declaration of Conformity.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Claims and Repackaging Return Shipments to Keysight Technologies Deleting User Data Power Supply Requirements Line Power Requirements N778xC Series Polarization Instruments N7781C Polarization Analyzer N7785C Synchronous Scrambler N7786C Polarization Synthesizer N7788C Optical Component Analyzer Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 8 Powering Up the Instrument Connecting the Instrument Connecting over USB Connecting over LAN N778xC Instrument Setup N7781C Setup (Polarimetry) N7785C Setup (Polarization Scrambling) N7786C Setup (Polarization Synthesis) N7788C Setup (PMD/PDL Analysis) N778xC Instrument User Interface Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 9 Differential Group Delay (DGD) Measurement Range Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Error Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Repeatability Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Vector Second Order PMD Polarization-Dependent Chromatic Dispersion (PCD) Depolarization Rate PMD Measurement Range Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 10 The Trace Mode Graph Views The Polarimeter View Polarization Controller Basics Loop Synchronous Operation in Optical Loop Test Beds Application: Manual Waveplate Control Application: Random Polarization Scrambling Application: Continuous Scrambling Application: Polarization Stabilization Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 11 5 Maintenance Cleaning Instructions Safety Precautions Why is it important to clean optical devices? What materials do I need for proper cleaning? General Cleaning Procedure Further Cleaning Information Firmware Upgrades Requirements Contact Keysight Technologies Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 13: General Operating Considerations

    Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide General Operating Considerations / 14 Overview / 15 Operating Environment / 16 Handling the Instrument...

  • Page 14: Overview

    Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements. Ensure the proper usage for the instrument. The protection provided WARNING by the instrument may be impaired.

  • Page 15: Operating Environment

    The instrument should not be operated when resting on its rear or side panels. Figure 1 shows the correct operating position of Keysight N7785C. 75 mm (3 inches) 25 mm (1 inch)

  • Page 16: Handling The Instrument

    General Operating Considerations Handling the Instrument Storage, Carrying and Shipment Keysight N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments can be stored, carried and shipped at temperatures between -40 C and +70 The N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments must be stored, carried in its operating position, as shown in...
  • Page 17 General Operating Considerations B. Two Instruments Mounted on a Rack A. Single Instrument Mounted on a Rack Figure 2 Instrument(s) Mounted on a Rack Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 19: Getting Started

    Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide Getting Started / 20 Initial Inspection / 22 Power Supply Requirements / 24 N778xC Series Polarization Instruments / 28 Input and Output Connectors / 31 Optical Connections / 33 LAN Interface / 35...

  • Page 20: Initial Inspection

    Return Shipments to Keysight Technologies If the instrument is to be shipped to an Keysight Technologies Sales/ Service Office, attach a tag showing owner, return address, model number and full serial number and the type of service required.

  • Page 21: Deleting User Data

    If you need to delete all your logged data and user configurations, press and hold the LAN Reset button (approx. 5 seconds) to reset the instrument and all your logged data and user configurations will be deleted. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 22: Power Supply Requirements

    The power switch allows you to switch between stand-by mode and power-on mode. Figure 3 Power LED on the Front Panel of the Instrument Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 23 When the instrument is in stand-by mode, the Power LED is orange. When the instrument is powered-on, the Power LED is green. The AC power requirements are summarized on the rear panel of the instrument. Figure 4 AC Power Requirement Markings Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 24: N778Xc Series Polarization Instruments

    N7781C Polarization Analyzer The Keysight N7781C is a compact high-speed polarization analyzer that provides comprehensive capabilities for analyzing polarization properties of optical signals. This includes representation of the state of polarization (SOP) on the Poincaré...

  • Page 25: N7786C Polarization Synthesizer

    For further details on its application and key features, refer to the product datasheet available on www.keysight.com. N7786C Polarization Synthesizer The Keysight Technologies N7786C contains a high-speed lithium-niobate based polarization controller and a polarization analyzer that monitors the output signal and provides feedback to the controller. This unit can operate in several modes: •...

  • Page 26: N7788C Optical Component Analyzer

    N7788C is combined with a tunable laser and a new N7700 software engine. Parameters provided by this measurement include: • DGD/PMD • • Power/loss • TE/TM-loss • Jones matrices • Mueller matrices • 2nd-order PMD (depolarization + PCD) Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 27 Getting Started For further details on its application and key features, refer to the product datasheet available on www.keysight.com. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 28: Input And Output Connectors

    N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments. Figure 5 Figure 8 shows the front panel of the N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments. Figure 5 Front Panel of the N7781C Polarization Analyzer Figure 6 Front Panel of the N7785C Synchronous Scrambler Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 29 Getting Started Figure 7 Front Panel of the N7786C Polarization Synthesizer Figure 8 Front Panel of the N7788C Optical Component Analyzer Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 30 Getting Started Figure 9 shows the rear panel of the N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments. Figure 9 Rear Panel of the N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 31: Optical Connections

    Keysight N7781/85/86/88C polarization instruments can have the following connector interface option: •...
  • Page 32 You cannot connect angled non-contact fiber end connectors with NOTE orange sleeves directly to the instrument. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 33: Lan Interface

    :SYSTem:PRESet • Pressing and holding the button for 5 seconds will reset the LAN parameters to the factory default. This includes removing the password. This is equivalent to the following programming command: :SYSTem:COMMunicate:ETHernet:RESet Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 34: Usb Interface

    Getting Started USB Interface It is recommended to use the Keysight IO Libraries Suite to enable NOTE instrument communication for a variety of development environments. It is available at: http://keysight.com/find/iolibs The instrument is a USB device, with a USB Type-B connector which is available on the rear side of the instrument.

  • Page 35: Powering Up The Instrument

    When you power on the instrument, the LEDs on the front panel show the various stages of the instrument. Power Status Yellow Standby mode Searching for LAN Warming Up Green Connected with LAN Blinking Green Communicating over LAN / USB Not connected Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 36: Connecting The Instrument

    Double-click on this new drive. It will show a shortcut to start the user interface. Double-click on this shortcut. This will open the user interface of the instrument in a browser. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 37: Connecting Over Lan

    Make sure the instrument is connected to the LAN, and that the LAN LED on the front panel is green. If it is not already running, start the Keysight Connection Expert software. The Discovery Service automatically discovers LAN instruments on the same subnet as the PC on which the service is running.
  • Page 38 Click, select LAN Instrument from the context list. This opens the list of discovered LAN instruments. b Click the Enter Address tab. c Enter the LAN address or host name and select the protocol used to communicate with the instrument. d Click OK. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 39 Getting Started Linux or macOS can use the zeroconf / mdns discovery service with tools like Avahi (GNU/Linux) or Bonjour (Mac). Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 40: N778Xc Instrument Setup

    19 and Chapter , “User Interface Application,” on page 53 prior to operating the instruments. N7781C Setup (Polarimetry) Figure 11 N7781C Setup (Polarimetry) N7785C Setup (Polarization Scrambling) Figure 12 N7785C Setup (Polarization Scrambling) Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 41: N7786C Setup (Polarization Synthesis)

    Getting Started N7786C Setup (Polarization Synthesis) Figure 13 N7786C Setup (Polarization Synthesis) N7788C Setup (PMD/PDL Analysis) Figure 14 N7788C Setup (PMD/PDL Analysis) Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 42: N778Xc Instrument User Interface

    N7781/86/88C polarization instruments. Figure 15 N778xC Instrument User Interface For details on the N7781/85/86/88C user interface and how to use it to control the instrument, refer to User Interface Application on page 53. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 43 Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide Definition of Terms / 45 Specification / 45 Typical Value (Characteristics) / 45 Operating Conditions / 45 Specified Temperature / 45 Ambient Temperature Range / 45 Operating Wavelength Range / 45 Specification Wavelength Range...

  • Page 44: Polarization Dependent Loss (Pdl)

    / 51 Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Repeatability / 51 Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Range / 52 Maximum Sampling Rate / 52 SOP Cycling Time / 52 Remaining SOP Error After Deterministic SOP Setting Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 45 Temperature range of the ambient environment where specifications apply. Operating Wavelength Range The wavelength range in which the instrument's internal optics can be used. Specification Wavelength Range The wavelength range in which the specified optical performance is met. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 46 Note that proper operation is only provided within the Input Power Range. Higher power levels than defined by the maximum safe optical input WARNING power may damage the instrument irreversibly. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 47 The Degree of Polarization is the square-root of the sum of the squared normalized Stokes Parameters s and s . DOP can be a value between 0 and 1 or between 0% and 100% accordingly: Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 48 PM fibers with specified DGD over the specified wavelength range. Differential Group Delay (DGD) Measurement Range Specifies the range of DUT DGD values for which the instrument measures DGD values not disturbed by aliasing effects. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 49 (GD). For a given wavelength, the magnitude of the PMD vector is the Differential group delay (DGD) at that wavelength, and the vector direction corresponds to the fast principal state of polarization in Mueller notation. The PMD vector is denoted by: Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 50 ω, weighted with the DGD (expressed in [s The depolarization rate is a measure of how fast the PMD vector changes NOTE direction with the rotational frequency of the optical wave (or with the wavelength). Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 51 The PDL Measurement Repeatability is the maximum of all PDL repeatability’s over wavelength after excluding one out of 1000 PDL-values and smoothing over 3 neighboring wavelength values. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Range Specifies the maximum PDL which can be measured. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 52 Remaining SOP Error After Deterministic SOP Setting This value is defined to be 5 times the standard deviation of the angular SOP error on the Poincaré sphere while the controller is turned on. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 53: User Interface Application

    Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide User Interface Application / 54 N778xC Instrument User Interface / 56 Application: Polarimeter / 61 Polarization Controller Basics / 63 Application: Manual Waveplate Control / 64 Application: Random Polarization Scrambling / 65 Application: Continuous Scrambling...

  • Page 54: N778Xc Instrument User Interface

    Get Image – This tab allows you to capture a screen of the Control Instrument window. The image is saved in PNG format in your PC. For details, refer How to Capture an Image? on page 68. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 55 In addition, this tab also allows you to edit the current LAN configuration of the instrument. For details, refer How to Configure LAN? on page 70. • Help – This tab opens the instrument’s help. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 56: Application: Polarimeter

    Sampling Settings. Specify the input gain. Usually the instruments choose the correct input gain settings to achieve optimum performance. You can suppress the gain switching by turning off the Auto Gain button. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 57: The Oscilloscope Mode

    You can set the number of samples to be stored from right before the trigger event (Pre-Trig. Samples) and right after the trigger event (Post-Trig. Samples). Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 58: The Trace Mode

    Use the mouse (or touch pen) to zoom into the plot by clicking and drawing a rectangle. Click on Zoom out button on the graph area to reset the zoom. Select a datapoint to view the labels on the graph. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 59: The Polarimeter View

    This can be done in realtime mode by either changing the wavelength or by slightly stretching or warming up the PMF. When you see the circle trajectory, press this button to calculate the PER. Press the button again to remove the displayed PER. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 60 User Interface Reference Show Dots/Line Display - Toggles between line-mode (all SOPs are connected by lines) and dots mode (each SOP is displayed as isolated point). Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 61: Polarization Controller Basics

    The loop cycle time depends on the length of the fiber loop. You have to find the clock rate and the phase of the PC manually to match the switching times with the loop cycles. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 62 User Interface Reference Synchronized to Loop - Clock External Timebase In this configuration the N778xC is synchronized to the loop clock. Switching occurs on the trigger event of the signal applied to the trigger input. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 63: Application: Manual Waveplate Control

    λ/4 waveplate rotation up to 360 degrees which results in two full rotations on the Poincaré sphere. You can store six sets of slider positions by clicking on a memory button. To recall this set any time later, click on the Save/Load slider. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 64: Application: Random Polarization Scrambling

    The external trigger signal can also be used as timebase instead of the internal timer. In this mode the sequence table is processed at the clock rate applied to Trigger Input. Set Synchronization to External Oneshot to activate this function. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 65: Application: Continuous Scrambling

    Start Scrambler and Stop Scrambler. When pressing Start for the first time after activating the application, it may take some seconds until the scrambling sequence has been generated. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 66: Application: Polarization Stabilization

    SOP to the output SOP present at the time of activation. • Stabilize - By clicking the SOP Stabilize sub-item of an active N7786C instrument, the settings for the SOP stabilizer can be accessed. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 67: How To Use Auxiliary Functions

    VISA Instrument Address – Displays VISA instrument addresses of the current instrument. • LAN Details – Displays LAN configuration details of the current instrument. Please note that the Home tab does not allows the user to change the NOTE displayed instrument settings. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 68: How To Identity A Module

    You can only capture the screen if you are in the Control Instrument tab. NOTE How to Save/Recall Instrument Settings? The Save/Recall tab on the N778xC user interface allows you to save and recall the settings. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 69: Logging In/Out Of The N778Xc User Interface

    Change Password button. For details, see How to Create/Change the Password? on page 70. To log out the N778xC user interface, click on Log out icon available on the top right of the user interface. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 70: How To Create/Change The Password

    The Configure LAN tab on the N778xC user interface displays the currently used LAN settings. It display the following networking parameters: • IP address configuration • IP address • Subnet mask • Default gateway • DNS server(s) Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 71 IP address configuration • DNS server address configuration For IP address and DNS server configuration, you can select the Use NOTE Automatic Configuration check-box to automatically select the IP address and DNS server. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 72 Reset button to reset all LAN parameters to the factory default. Your browser connection to the instrument may be broken after WARNING executing the reset network configuration operation. If so, reconnect to the instrument using the new hostname or IP address. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 73: Update Rate

    Enter the following details: • refresh rates for measurement settings, and • refresh rates for measurement data. Click on Save button. The new refresh rates will only be effective for the current session. NOTE Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 74: Reboot Device

    Go to Settings and click Reboot. A Reboot Device dialog will appear: Click on the Reboot System button. This action will restart the firmware and take at least 30 seconds. Please wait until the reboot process is completed. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 75: Maintenance

    Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide Maintenance / 76 Cleaning Instructions / 80 Further Cleaning Information / 81 Firmware Upgrades / 82 Contact Keysight Technologies...

  • Page 76: Cleaning Instructions

    If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device, we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device. Keysight Technologies assume no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements. Safety Precautions Please follow the following safety rules: •...

  • Page 77: What Materials Do I Need For Proper Cleaning

    • Compressed air Dust and shutter caps All of Keysight Technologies’ lightwave instruments are delivered with either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapter. All cables come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or contamination.
  • Page 78 Use only clean, fresh soft tissues and never apply them twice. Any dust and dirt from the air which collects on your tissue, or which has gathered after initial cleaning, may scratch and pollute your optical device. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 79: General Cleaning Procedure

    Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement. Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 80: Further Cleaning Information

    Maintenance Further Cleaning Information For further information on cleaning and safety matters, refer the following document: https://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-4473EN.pdf Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...

  • Page 81: Firmware Upgrades

    To enhance the usability and functionality of your instrument. New features may be available with new firmware revisions. Firmware updates can be done by installing the firmware updates installation file, which can be downloaded from www.keysight.com. Ensure to execute the firmware update procedure only under conditions CAUTION of reliable power and I/O connectivity to the instrument.

  • Page 82: Contact Keysight Technologies

    Check the firmware version. Go to instrument’s user interface Home tab and check for the firmware version. Contact Keysight Technologies To locate a sales or service office near you, go to www.keysight.com/find/contactus. Keysight N778xC Series Polarization Instruments User’s Guide...
  • Page 84 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2019 Edition 1.0, December 2019 www.keysight.com...

This manual is also suitable for:

N7781cN7785cN7786cN7788c

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