Campbell IRGASON Product Manual
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Campbell IRGASON Product Manual

Integrated co2/h2o open-path gas analyzer and 3d sonic anemometer
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Product Manual
IRGASON
Integrated CO
/H
O Open-Path Gas
2
2
Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer
Revision: 1/20
Copyright © 2010 – 2020
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

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Summary of Contents for Campbell IRGASON

  • Page 1 Product Manual IRGASON Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer Revision: 1/20 Copyright © 2010 – 2020 Campbell Scientific, Inc.
  • Page 2 Limited Warranty “Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve months from the date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for review online at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold by CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer.
  • Page 3 Campbell Scientific company serves your country. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA) number, contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. Please write the issued RMA number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific’s shipping address is: CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
  • Page 4 Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections. • WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Introduction..............1 2. Precautions ..............1 3. Initial Inspection ............2 4. Overview ..............2 5.
  • Page 6 Molecular Sieve, Type 13X ............D-1 Magnesium Perchlorate ..............D-5 Decarbite ..................D-12 Appendix E. IRGASON Packing Information.... E-1 Figures 5-1. IRGASON dimensions, side view ............6 5-2. IRGASON dimensions, front view ............7 6-1. Exploded view of mounting the IRGASON ........10...
  • Page 7 6-4. Mounting the IRGASON temperature probe ........12 6-5. EC100 electronics front panel with enhanced barometer. At left, as received from Campbell Scientific. At right, all wiring and connections complete..............13 6-6. Base of EC100 enclosure ..............14 6-7.
  • Page 8 Table of Contents CRBasic Example 10-1. CR3000 Example Program..............45...

  • Page 9: Introduction

    Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer Introduction The IRGASON, U.S. Des. Patent No. D680455, is an in situ, open-path, mid- infrared absorption gas analyzer integrated with a three-dimensional sonic anemometer. The gas analyzer provides measurements of absolute densities of carbon dioxide and water vapor, while the sonic anemometer measures orthogonal wind components.

  • Page 10: Initial Inspection

    (see Section 9.3, Gas-Analyzer Window Cleaning (p. 29) Initial Inspection Upon receipt of the IRGASON, inspect the packaging and contents for damage. File damage claims with the shipping company. Overview The IRGASON is an in situ, open-path, mid-infrared absorption analyzer integrated with a three-dimensional sonic anemometer.
  • Page 11 IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer These measurements are required to compute carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes using the: Standard outputs: • , and u orthogonal wind components sonic temperature (based on the measurement of c, the speed of...
  • Page 12 Optional enhanced barometer: Manufacturer: Vaisala Model: PTB110 Accuracy –30 to 0 °C: ±0.15 kPa Measurement rate: 1 Hz IRGASON temperature sensor: Manufacturer: BetaTherm Model: 100K6A1A Thermistor Accuracy: ±0.15 °C (–30 to 50 °C) noise rms assumes: –30 to 50 °C wind speed <30 m·s...

  • Page 13: Output Signals

    24.1 x 35.6 x 14 cm (9.5 x 14.0 x 5.5 in) user selectable Synchronous Device for Measurement. A Campbell Scientific, Inc. proprietary serial interface for data logger to peripheral and sensor communication. See Section 8.1, SDM Output , for (p.

  • Page 14: Irgason Dimensions, Side View

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer Weight IRGASON with cable: 2.8 kg (6.1 lbs) EC100 with enclosure: 3.2 kg (7.1 lbs) EC100 ingress protection: IP65 FIGURE 5-1. IRGASON dimensions, side view...

  • Page 15: Power Requirements During Power Up And Operation

    (source) of the gas analyzer directly above the lower arm (detector). If the IRGASON is to be used in a marine environment, or in an environment where it is exposed to corrosive chemicals (for example, the sulfur-containing...

  • Page 16: Mounting

    Campbell Scientific for guidance before deploying the instrument. Mounting The IRGASON is supplied with mounting hardware to attach it to the end of a horizontal pipe with a diameter of 1.3 in., such as the Campbell Scientific CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm. The following steps describe the normal mounting procedure.
  • Page 17 IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 7. Attach the EC100 enclosure to the mast, tripod leg, or other part of the mounting structure. To do this, attach the EC100-enclosure mounting bracket to the pipe by loosely tightening the u-bolts around the pipe. The u-bolts are found in the mesh pocket inside the EC100 enclosure.

  • Page 18: Exploded View Of Mounting The Irgason

    ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer IRGASON IRGASON Mounting Bracket CM250 Leveling Mount CM20X or equivalent crossarm FIGURE 6-1. Exploded view of mounting the IRGASON WARNING Overtightening bolts will damage or deform the mounting hardware.

  • Page 19: Ec100-Enclosure Mounting Bracket Mounted On A Vertical Mast (Left) And A Tripod Leg (Right)

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 6-2. EC100-enclosure mounting bracket mounted on a vertical mast (left) and a tripod leg (right) FIGURE 6-3. Exploded view of mounting the EC100 enclosure...

  • Page 20: Wiring And Connections

    O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer Mount the IRGASON temperature probe so that it measures temperature at the same height as the sample volume of the IRGASON. To do this, first attach the 6-plate solar radiation shield to the mast with the included u- bolt.

  • Page 21: Connections Complete

    (labeled Gas Analyzer) and tighten the thumbscrews (see FIGURE 6-5). The gas analyzer cable is approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. Connect the IRGASON sonic cable. Similar to (a), begin by removing the black rubber cable entry plug found on the bottom left of the EC100 enclosure.

  • Page 22: Base Of Ec100 Enclosure

    FIGURE 6-6. Base of EC100 enclosure NOTE Unique calibration information is stored in the gas and sonic connectors of the IRGASON rather than in the EC100. This means that any IRGASON may be used with any EC100. FIGURE 6-7. Sensor connections to EC100 Connect the IRGASON temperature probe.

  • Page 23: Ec100 Sdm Output To A Campbell Scientific Cr1000, Cr3000, Or Cr5000 Data Logger

    Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer connector on the enclosure and screw it firmly in place. The IRGASON temperature probe cable is approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. Ground the EC100 by attaching a thick wire (for example, 12 AWG) to the grounding lug found on the base of the EC100 enclosure.

  • Page 24: Settings

    12V and ground, respectively. Connect the power cable to a power source. The power and ground ends may be wired to the 12V and G ports, respectively, of a Campbell Scientific data logger or to another 12 VDC source.

  • Page 25: Bandwidth

    Each SDM device on the SDM bus must have a unique address. The IRGASON has a factory default SDM address of 1, but it may be changed to any integer value between 0 and 14. The value 15 is reserved as an SDM-group trigger.

  • Page 26: Analog Output

    7.10 Fixed Temperature Value If the Temperature Sensor setting is None, the IRGASON will use the value of this setting for the sample temperature. This mode is intended for troubleshooting only.

  • Page 27: Pressure Offset

    This setting should remain disabled. It is used only for closed-path analyzers. 7.13 Heater Control An advantage of the IRGASON’s low power consumption (5 W) is that the instrument remains at a temperature very close to ambient air temperature, which is an important feature for eddy-covariance measurements. Under some...

  • Page 28: Ecmon

    Section 10.3, EC100Configure() Instruction (p. 41) 7.14 ECMon Settings for the IRGASON are easily verified or changed using the Windows PC support software ECMon (Eddy Covariance Monitor), which is found at www.campbellsci.com/downloads. Launch ECMon, and connect the EC100 electronics to the PC with the included EC100 USB cable.

  • Page 29: Main Window Of Ecmon Software

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7-1. Main window of ECMon software...

  • Page 30: Device Configuration Utility

    DevConfig software (Device Configuration Utility) may also be used to change settings, although ECMon is generally preferred because of its more user- friendly interface. DevConfig may be downloaded from the Campbell Scientific website www.campbellsci.com). DevConfig requires a USB driver to communicate with the EC100, similar to ECMon.

  • Page 31: Ec100 Outputs

    Each SDM device on the SDM bus must have a unique address. The IRGASON has a factory default SDM address of 1, but may be changed to any integer value between 0 and 14 (see Section 7.3, SDM Address (p.

  • Page 32: Usb And Rs-485 Output Elements

    Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer logger is not being used to collect the data from the IRGASON, either unprompted mode is recommended. To use USB or RS-485 output, connect a USB or RS-485 cable from the EC100 to the receiving device (see Section 6.3, Wiring and Connections...

  • Page 33: An Example Of Usb Data Output In Terminal Mode

    ASCII characters and casting them as Long data type. The signature is then calculated on the science data sent from the IRGASON, starting with CO and ending on the counter. All the characters after the counter are not part of the signature.

  • Page 34: Analog Outputs

    Check the humidity indicator card in the EC100 enclosure. If the highest dot has turned pink, replace or recharge the desiccant bags. Replacement desiccant may be purchased from Campbell Scientific or obtained elsewhere. See the manual ENC10/12, ENC12/14, ENC14/16, ENC16/18, available at www.campbellsci.com, for more details on recharging...

  • Page 35: Wick Maintenance

    Under some conditions, however, droplets may build up and remain on the transducer faces. Once the water droplets evaporate or are removed, the IRGASON will again measure wind. Remove the water droplets by dabbing a cotton swab or tissue on the faces of the transducers. The user must use discretion to determine if wicks are necessary.

  • Page 36: Gas Analyzer Wicks

    FIGURE 9-2. CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit contents 9.2.2 Gas Analyzer Wicks IRGASON gas analyzer windows are polished and slanted at an angle to prevent water from collecting on their surfaces. However, due to increased surface tension at the interface with the snout, water can pool at the edges and partially block the optical path and attenuate the signal.

  • Page 37: Gas-Analyzer Window Cleaning

    1.0. Zero and Span As is the case with all optical instruments, the IRGASON gas analyzer measurements may drift slightly with exposure to natural elements. Therefore, routine maintenance requires a periodic zero-and-span procedure. The frequency with which this should be done is heavily dependent on the environmental conditions in which the instrument is making measurements.
  • Page 38 If the zero-and-span procedure is being performed off-site (e.g., in a lab), be sure to mount the IRGASON on the IRGASON lab stand that can be purchased from Campbell Scientific and is shown in FIGURE 9-4. This will ensure the analyzer is in the correct upright orientation and has the correct optical alignment.
  • Page 39 The top tube is the gas intake, the black cable is the temperature thermistor, and the short bottom tube is the gas exhaust. Disconnect the IRGASON temperature sensor from the EC100 and connect the shroud temperature sensor in its place. Connect the EC100 to a PC with the EC100 USB cable.

  • Page 40: Ecmon Zero-And-Span Window

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer being measured in the field. Begin with both the pressure regulator and flow controller turned off. Then use the pressure regulator to slowly increase pressure to the recommended setting for the flow controller. Next set the flow between 0.4 and 0.6 LPM.
  • Page 41 NOTE If using a Campbell Scientific Zero Air Generator instrument, a pressure regulator and flow controller is not needed as the maximum achievable flow rate is 0.2 liters per minute.

  • Page 42: Replacing Desiccant And Scrubber Bottles

    Replacing Desiccant and Scrubber Bottles If more than two years have passed since replacing the desiccant-scrubber bottles within the IRGASON, or if the zero-and-span readings have drifted excessively (see Section 9.4, Zero and Span ), the bottles should be (p.

  • Page 43: Factory Recalibration

    Global Monitoring Division/National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, CO, USA. After an extended period of time in the field, the IRGASON gas analyzer may need to undergo factory calibration again to ensure valid measurements. When recalibration is deemed necessary, contact Campbell Scientific.

  • Page 44: Data Collection And Data Processing

    Data from the IRGASON is collected through the EC100 and then archived onto a data logger. A common instrument configuration is to program a data logger to retrieve and collect raw data from the IRGASON, to be used for post processing, for which various programs have been developed.

  • Page 45: Compass Coordinate System, Compass Wind Direction Is 200°. The Sonic Azimuth Of The Anemometer Is 270

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer The variable sonic_azimuth can be changed in LoggerNet or by using a CR100KD keypad. It can be changed in LoggerNet by connecting the data logger to a computer, opening LoggerNet, and going into the Public data table and changing the value in the sonic_azimuth field.

  • Page 46: Data Logger Programming With Crbasic

    The EC100() instruction is used to retrieve data from the IRGASON via SDM. The instruction syntax is: EC100 (Dest, SDMAddress, EC100Cmd) Dest is the input variable name in which to store data from the IRGASON. The length (i.e., number of data elements) of the input variable array will depend on...
  • Page 47 Dest(1) if a signature error on SDM data occurs. Dest Variable Length EC100Cmd SDMAddress defines the address of the IRGASON with which to communicate. Valid SDM addresses are 0 through 14. Address 15 is reserved for the SDMTrigger() instruction. EC100Cmd is a parameter that requests data from the analyzer. The results for the command are returned in the array specified by the Dest parameter.

  • Page 48: Bits In The Sonic Diagnostic Flag

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer As shown in TABLE 10-1, all output modes give two diagnostic values: Sonic Diagnostic Flag and Gas Diagnostic Flag. The values contain a bit field with each bit representing a monitored condition. When a certain condition is detected, the corresponding bit is set.

  • Page 49: Ec100Configure() Instruction

    This locking will likely result in skipped scans when reconfiguring an IRGASON. For the IRGASON to save settings, it must go through a lengthy write-read- verify process. To avoid saving the settings after each set command, the resulting code can be used to determine if any settings were modified from their original value.
  • Page 50 0 in the result code means that the value in the DestSource variable is the value the desired setting has in the IRGASON. When writing a setting, if the result code is 0, the value and setting were compatible, but the value was not changed because it contained the same value that was sent.
  • Page 51 Differential Pressure: 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable, 2 = Auto-select Fixed Pressure Value Pressure Offset Pressure Gain Temperature Sensor: 0 = IRGASON/EC150 Temperature Probe 1 = EC155 Sample Cell Thermistor 2 = EC155 Sample Cell Thermocouple 3 = None (use fixed value) 4 = Auto-Select...

  • Page 52: Configcmd 11 Zero-And-Span Control

    H O, ConfigCmd 11 is set to 1. After the IRGASON completes the zero, it will write the value to -1. The data logger program can poll this value or simply wait for a period of time to allow the zeroing to complete.

  • Page 53: Example Crbasic Program

    Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer output indicates moisture is present, the data logger can send the EC100Configure() instruction to the IRGASON and enable the heaters. 10.4 Example CRBasic Program CRBasic Example 10-1. CR3000 Example Program...

  • Page 54: Wind Speed

    IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 11.1.1 Wind Speed Each axis of the sonic anemometer pulses two ultrasonic signals in opposite directions. The time of flight of the first signal (out) is given by:...
  • Page 55 IRGASON ® Integrated CO O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer         The speed of sound in moist air is a function of temperature and humidity and is given by: 1 0 61 γ...

  • Page 56: Irgason Gas Analyzer

    = analyte concentration, and l = path length. In the IRGASON, radiation is generated by applying constant power to a tungsten lamp, which acts as a 2200 K broadband radiation source. Specific wavelengths are then selected using interference filters located on a spinning chopper wheel.

  • Page 57: References

    W.S., Euskirchen, E.S., Glenn, A.J., Marsh, P.M., Quinton, W.L., and Sonnentag, O.: 2016, “Addressing a Systematic Bias in Carbon Dioxide Flux Measurements with the EC150 and the IRGASON Open-Path Gas Analyzers”, Agricultural and Forest Meteorol., 228-229, 349-359. Kaimal, J. C. and Businger, J. A.: 1963, “A Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer”, J.

  • Page 58: Filter Bandwidth And Time Delay

    Delay The EC100 measures CO O, 3-D wind components, and sonic temperature from the IRGASON at 60 Hz and then applies a user-selectable low-pass filter. The available filter bandwidths are 5, 10, 12.5, and 20 Hz. FIGURE shows the amplitude response of these filters. The EC100 filters provide a flat pass band, a steep transition from pass band to stop band, and a well-attenuated stop band.

  • Page 59: Frequency And Amplitude Response Of Ec100 Filter At Various

    ±8.33 ms (plus or minus one-half of the inverse of 60 Hz). Alternatively, when sending data to a non-Campbell data acquisition system, the EC100 down-samples its USB and RS-485 outputs to a user-selectable rate of 10, 25, or 50 Hz.

  • Page 60: Frequency Response Comparison Of The Ec100 10 Hz Bandwidth And A 50 Ms Moving Average

    Appendix A. Filter Bandwidth and Time Delay EC100 10-Hz Filter Compared to 20-msec Moving Average (Amplitude Responses) EC100 10-Hz Bandwidth Filter 10-Hz Bandwidth from a 50-msec Moving Average 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Hertz FIGURE A-2. Frequency response comparison of the EC100 10 Hz bandwidth and a 50 ms moving average TABLE A-1.

  • Page 61: Sonic Anemometer Orientation

    Appendix B. Sonic Anemometer Orientation B.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation The orientation of the sonic anemometer negative x-axis is found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the site-specific correction for magnetic declination; where the magnetic declination is the number of degrees between true north and magnetic north.

  • Page 62: Online Magnetic Declination Calculator

    Appendix B. Sonic Anemometer Orientation FIGURE B-2. Declination angles east of true north are subtracted from 360 to get true north FIGURE B-3. Declination angles west of true north are added to 0 to get true north B.2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator The magnetic declination web calculator published by NOAA’s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following URL: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag-web/#declination.

  • Page 63: Online Magnetic Declination Calculator With Inputs And Output For Logan, Ut

    Appendix B. Sonic Anemometer Orientation FIGURE B-4. Online magnetic declination calculator with inputs and output for Logan, UT The declination for Logan, UT is 11.47° E. Therefore, true north is 360° - 11.47° = 348.53°. So when looking at a compass at this location, true north is located at 348.53°, not 360°.
  • Page 64 Appendix C. Equations TABLE lists variables and constants used in the following equations. TABLE C-1. Table of Equation Variables and Constants Variable or Constant Description Units ρ Mass Density mg·m ρ O Mass Density g·m ρ Mass Density of Dry Air g·m Molar Mixing Ratio µmol·mol...

  • Page 65: Equations

    Appendix C. Equations     ρ         − (C-5) 1000     Dewpoint from Molar Mixing Ratio (C-6) −       (C-7) 61121 1000 ⋅ ...

  • Page 66: Safety Data Sheets (Sds

    Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) SDS are available for chemicals used in IRGASON filters. The SDS samples below are made available for convenience. However, chemical manufacturers may change SDS at any time. Up-to-date SDS are available at www.campbellsci.com. D.1 Molecular Sieve, Type 13X...
  • Page 67 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 68 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 69 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

  • Page 70: Magnesium Perchlorate

    Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D.2 Magnesium Perchlorate...
  • Page 71 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 72 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 73 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 74 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
  • Page 75 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D-10...
  • Page 76 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D-11...

  • Page 77: Decarbite

    Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D.3 Decarbite D-12...
  • Page 78 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D-13...
  • Page 79 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D-14...
  • Page 80 Appendix D. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) D-15...

  • Page 81: Appendix E. Irgason Packing Information

    Appendix E. IRGASON Packing Information...
  • Page 82 INFO Global Sales & Support Network A worldwide network to help meet your needs Australia France Thailand Garbutt, QLD Australia Vincennes, France Bangkok, Thailand Location: Location: Location: Phone: 61.7.4401.7700 Phone: 0033.0.1.56.45.15.20 Phone: 66.2.719.3399 info@campbellsci.com.au info@campbellsci.fr info@campbellsci.asia Email: Email: Email: www.campbellsci.com.au www.campbellsci.fr www.campbellsci.asia Website:...

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