VorTek SonoPro S34 Series Instruction Manual
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VorTek SonoPro S34 Series Instruction Manual

Portable ultrasonic flow meter
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Series S34 Instruction Manual
Table of Contents
SonoPro
Portable Ultrasonic Flow Meter
®
Series S34
Instruction Manual
Document Number M-000-00030
Rev A
8475 W I-25 Frontage Rd
Suite 300
Longmont, CO 80504
(303) 682-9999
(888) 386-7835
Fax (303) 682-4368
http://www.vortekinst.com
M-000-00030
0-1

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  • Page 1 Series S34 Instruction Manual Table of Contents SonoPro Portable Ultrasonic Flow Meter ® Series S34 Instruction Manual Document Number M-000-00030 Rev A 8475 W I-25 Frontage Rd Suite 300 Longmont, CO 80504 (303) 682-9999 (888) 386-7835 Fax (303) 682-4368 http://www.vortekinst.com M-000-00030...
  • Page 2 TRADEMARKS ® SonoPro is a registered trademark of VorTek Instruments, LLC. Other product and com- pany names listed in this manual are trademarks or trade names of their respective manu- facturers. M-000-00030...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ® SonoPro Ultrasonic Flow Meters ............1-1 Using this Manual ................. 1-1 Note and Safety Information ............1-2 Receipt of System Components ............ 1-2 Technical Assistance ..............1-2 ®...
  • Page 4 Series S34 Instruction Manual Table of Contents Units Menu ..............3-13 Time and Date Menu ............3-14 Diagnostics Menu ............3-15 Calibration Menu ............3-16 Password Menu .............. 3-18 Chapter 4 Datalogging Datalogging Overview ................. 4-1 Programming the Unit to Log Data ............. 4-1 Chapter 5 SonoConfig™...
  • Page 5 Series S34 Instruction Manual Table of Contents Figures 1-1. Ultrasonic Flow Path .............. 1-3 2-1. V - Two Traverse ..............2-3 2-2. W - Four Traverses ..............2-4 2-3. Z - One Traverse ..............2-4 2-4. Large Rail/Fixture System ............2-5 2-5.
  • Page 6 Series S34 Instruction Manual Table of Contents Warnings and Cautions Warning! Consult the flow meter nameplate for specific flow meter approvals. To avoid potential electric shock, follow National Electric Code or your local code when wiring this unit to a power source. Failure to do so could result in injury or death. All AC power connections must be in accordance with published CE directives.

  • Page 7: Chapter 1 Introduction

    A pulse output signal for remote totali- ® SonoPro zation and frequency output are also available. digital elec- tronics allows for easy reconfiguration for most liquids. The VorTek Se- ® SonoPro ries Meters’ simple installation combines with an easy-to-use...

  • Page 8: Note And Safety Information

    Receipt of System Components When receiving a VorTek ultrasonic flow meter, carefully check the out- side packing carton for damage incurred in shipment. If the carton is damaged, notify the local carrier and submit a report to the factory or dis- tributor.

  • Page 9: How The Sonopro Flow Meter Operates

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 1 Introduction How the SonoPro Flow Meter Operates ® Velocity Measurement The SonoPro Portable flowmeter operates on the transit time ultrasonic measurement method. This type of measurement uses the basic fact that the fluid's velocity influences the transmission speed of the ultrasonic signal.

  • Page 10: Temperature Measurement

    Flow Meters can use either an external 1000-ohm platinum re- sistance temperature detector (PRTD) or an external temperature transmit- ter (pending VorTek Instruments, LLC is consulted with prior) to measure transducer temperature and to adjust for changes in the speed of sound due to temperature changes.
  • Page 11 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 1 Introduction The electronics include nonvolatile memory that stores all configuration infor- mation. The nonvolatile memory allows the flow meter to function immediately upon power up, or after an interruption in power. M-000-00030...

  • Page 12: Chapter 2 Installation

    Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation Installation Overview ® VorTek’s SonoPro Ultrasonic Flow Meter installations are simple and straightforward. Wiring instructions begin on page 2-12. Flow Meter Installation Requirements Before installing the flow meter, verify the installation site allows for the...

  • Page 13: Unobstructed Flow Requirements

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Unobstructed Flow Requirements Select an installation site that will minimize possible distortion in the flow profile. Valves, elbows, control valves and other piping compo- nents may cause flow disturbances. Check your specific piping con- dition against the examples shown below.

  • Page 14: Series S34 Clamp-On Flow Meter Installation

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Series S34 Clamp-On Flow Meter Installation ® Prior to installing the SonoPro transducers, a clean pipe surface needs to be established. Remove any rust or loose paint or debris to make a smooth sur- face.

  • Page 15: W - Four Traverses

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation W – Four Traverses – Installation Method 2 MHz transducers shown. Figure 2-2. W - Four Traverses Z – One Traverse – Installation Method 2 MHz transducers shown. Figure 2-3. Z - One Traverse Once the installation method is chosen, you will then need to refer to Chapter 3 for programming the unit for the actual application.

  • Page 16: Large Rail/Fixture System

    5. Apply a thin coat of coupling grease to the transducers. If the coupling grease that came with your SonoPro® flow meter unit runs out, contact VorTek Instru- ments to order a replacement container. 6. Place the transducers in the left and right mounting bracket of the rail/fixture sys- tem.

  • Page 17: Spacing Locating Point On Large Rail/Fixture System

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation loosen the two set screws on the top of each side bracket, slide the mounting clamp slightly and then fit the transducer. Once the transducer is fitted, return the mounting clamp to its original position (i.e. touching the end bracket connecting the two rails) and tighten the two set screws.

  • Page 18: Opposite Side Transducer Installation

    Start with a loose fit. 4. Apply a thin coat of coupling grease to the first transducer. If the coupling grease that came with your SonoPro® flow meter unit runs out, contact VorTek Instru- ments to order a replacement container.

  • Page 19: Opposite Side Transducer Installation, Front View

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Figure 2-6. Opposite Side Transducer Installation, Front View Figure 2-7. Opposite Side Transducer Installation, Side View M-000-00030...

  • Page 20: Small Rail/Fixture System

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Figure 2-8. Opposite Side Transducer Installation, Angled View Small Rail / Fixture System Figure 2-9. Small Rail/Fixture System M-000-00030...

  • Page 21: Adjacent Side Transducer Installation

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Figure 2-10. Small Rail/Fixture System with Worm-Clamps Adjacent Side Transducer Installation Program all the calibration menu items of the flow meter for the fluid and pipe specifics to obtain the transducer mounting locations. Position the rail/fixture system on the pipe in the desired location.

  • Page 22: Spacing Locating Point On Small Rail/Fixture System

    With the transducer cables connected, apply a thin coat of coupling grease to the transducers. If the coupling grease that came with your SonoPro® flow meter unit runs out, contact VorTek Instruments to order a replacement container. Place the transducers in the left and right mounting bracket of the rail/ fixture system.

  • Page 23: Wiring Connections

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Wiring Connections Warning! Input Power Connections To avoid potential electric shock, follow National Electric Connect the AC power adapter to 100-240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, to charge the Code safety practices or your internal lithium batteries.

  • Page 24: Optional Sonoconnect™ Breakout Box Input Wiring

    In addition, support for a 4-20 mA input for a temperature transmitter and up to two contact closures inputs are available pending VorTek Instruments, LLC is con- sulted with prior. For VER and VERER-EM models, a 3 or 4-wire RTD may be used.
  • Page 25 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Figure 2-14b. 3 and 4-Wire RTD Input Wiring To connect a 3-wire RTD, split the single wire into two separate wires (see the circle in the bottom diagram of Figure 2-14b) and connect these to the EXCITE and SENSE-H terminals in the SonoConnect™...
  • Page 26 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Figure 2-16a. IDC Connector – Closed Position Figure 2-16b. IDC Connector – Closed Position with Wires M-000-00030 2-15...

  • Page 27: Sonoconnect™ Db25 Connector Pinout

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Silkscreen on SonoConnect DB25 Description Rev02 pin # LOOP1- 4-20mA Output LOOP1+ LOOP2- 4-20mA Output LOOP2+ RTD1: RETURN RTD1: SENSE-L RTD 1 RTD1: SENSE-H RTD1: EXCITE ISOLATED ANALOG INPUT: A_IN- ISOLATED ANALOG INPUT: A_IN+ RELAY Totalizer RELAY...

  • Page 28: 4-20 Ma Output Connections

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation 4-20 mA Output Connections ® SonoPro The standard Flow Meter has two 4-20 mA loops. The 4-20 mA loop cur- rent is controlled by the meter electronics. The electronics must be wired in series with the sense resistor or current meter.

  • Page 29: Pulse Output Connections

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 2 Installation Pulse Output Connections The pulse output is used for a remote counter of the flow total. When the pre- set volume or mass (defined in the totalizer settings, see page 3-9) has passed the meter, the output provides a 50 millisecond square pulse.

  • Page 30: Chapter 3 Operating Instructions

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Chapter 3 Operating Instructions ® After choosing the installation orientation of the SonoPro Ultrasonic Flow Meter, you are ready to begin operation. The sections in this chapter explain the display/keypad commands, meter start-up, and pro- gramming.

  • Page 31: Start Up

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Start Up To begin flow meter operation: Note Starting the flow meter Turn on POWER to the meter. At start up, the unit runs a series or pressing EXIT will always display the of self-tests that check the RAM, ROM, EPROM and all flow Run Mode screens.

  • Page 32: Using The Setup Menus

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Using the Setup Menus M-000-00030...

  • Page 33: Programming The Flow Meter

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Programming the Flow Meter 1. Enter the Setup Menu by pressing the ENTER key until prompted for a password. Note: all outputs are disabled while using the Setup Menus. 2. Use the keypad to select the password characters (1234 is the factory-set password). When the password is correctly displayed, press ENTER to continue.

  • Page 34: Output Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Output Menu M-000-00030...
  • Page 35 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Example for Setting an Output The following shows how to set Output 1 to measure mass flow with 4 mA = 0 lb/hr and 20 mA = 100 lb/hr with a time constant of 5 seconds. Note: all outputs are disabled while using the Setup Menus. First, set the desired units of measurement: Use ...

  • Page 36: Display Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Display Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Display Menu keys to access menus Cycle Time (sec) If Cycle Time is set to zero, manual advance is required Number of Digits Used to set the number of digits displayed after the decimal point Display Smooting Display smoothing = Yes or No MF Vf Te De T...

  • Page 37: Alarms Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Alarms Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Alarms Menu keys to access menus <Measure> None Mass <Mode> Volume Relay Alarm 1 None <Measure> units * Energy More > HIGH Alarm (>) xxxx Temp 1,2 LOW Alarm (<) Density <Measure>...

  • Page 38: Totalizer #1 Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Totalizer #1 Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Totalizer Menu keys to access menus Totaling Example: Inactive Mass Volume Maximum flow rate = 600 gallons per minute Energy (600 gallons per minute = 10 gallons per second) (unit) / Pulse If unit per pulse is set to 600 gallons per pulse, xxxx...

  • Page 39: Totalizer #2 Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Totalizer #2 Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Totalizer Menu keys to access menus Totaling Inactive Mass Volume Energy Reset Total ? YES or NO Use the Totalizer #2 to Monitor Flow or Energy. Note: Totalizer #2 does not operate a relay, it is for monitoring only.

  • Page 40: Energy Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Energy Menu – For EMS Energy Meters Only ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Energy Menu keys to access menus Loc in Sent Flow Yes or No Heating System Yes or No % Returned Configuration: There are several possibilities regarding the measurement of water energy given the location of the meter and the use of a second RTD.

  • Page 41: Fluid Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Fluid Menu ENTER Run Mode Password keys to access menus ENTER Fluid Menu < Liquid Water Flowing Fluid Liquids > < Density > < AL > < BL> < Sound Speed ft/s Other Liquid > xxxx xxxx xxxx...

  • Page 42: Units Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Units Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Units Menu keys to access menus Mass Flow Unit Ston = Short Ton = 2000 lb lb, Ston, Lton, gram Lton = Long Ton = 2240 lb sec, min, hr, day Mton = Metric Ton = 1000 kg kg, Mton...

  • Page 43: Time And Date Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Time & Date Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Time & Date Menu keys to access menus Set Time xx:xx:xx Set Date xx/xx/xx Use the Time and Date Menu to enter the correct time and date into the flow meter’s memory.

  • Page 44: Diagnostics Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Diagnostics Menu Use the Diagnostics Menu to evaluate signal integrity, simulate operation, and review the system files. The system log files contain time/date stamped messages including power on, power off, programming time outs, parameter faults, incorrect password entry, and other various information relative to system operation and programming.

  • Page 45: Calibration Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Calibration Menu The Calibration Menu contains the calibration information needed for programming the meter and calculating the transducer scribe to scribe spacing. If provided at the time of order, the application information will be preconfigured in the meter, otherwise it is needed at the time of installation to properly program the unit.
  • Page 46 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Pipe O.D. in. and Pipe Wall in., are the dimensions of the pipe in which the transducers will be installed and are required to calculate the flow rate. The Pipe I.D. does not need to be entered as it is calculated by the handheld unit.

  • Page 47: Password Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 3 Operation Password Menu ENTER Run Mode Password ENTER Password Menu keys to access menus Set Password 1234 Use the Password Menu to set or change the system password. The factory-set password is 1234. 3-18 M-000-00030...

  • Page 48: Chapter 4 Datalogging

    Chapter 4 Datalogging Chapter 4 Datalogging Datalogging Overview VorTek Instruments SonoPro® Ultrasonic Flow Meter can log data internally. The procedure for programming a handheld unit to log data can be found below. To download data that has already been logged, see Chapter 5: SonoConfig™ Instrument Interface Software –...

  • Page 49: First Level Of Hidden Diagnostics Menu

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 4 Datalogging 4. Press “Enter” to access the first level of the hidden Diagnostics menu. The text in Figure 4-4 will be displayed. Figure 4-4. First Level of Hidden Diagnostics Menu 5. Press the right arrow to access the second level of the hidden Diagnostics menu.
  • Page 50 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 4 Datalogging 8. The next four parameters define the variables that will be recorded during a logging session. A logging session is defined as an entire day. The unit will record all defined variables, at the interval selected above, and save them to a file with the format of YYYYMMDD.log at the end of each day.

  • Page 51: Logging Variables

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 4 Datalogging Figure 4-8. Logging Variables 9. Once the four variables are defined, press the “EXIT” button until you are prompted to “Save Changes?”. Select “YES” or “NO”, press “ENTER”, and you will be returned to the run mode screen. The device is now set up to log data.

  • Page 52: Chapter 5 Sonoconfig™ Instrument Interface Software

    SonoConfig™ app icon can be seen in Figure 5-1. SonoConfig™ can also be provided preloaded on a tablet from VorTek Instruments, LLC. For a preview of what can be seen on the Waveforms tab of SonoConfig™, see Figure 5-2. For more information on features of the app and how to use them, see the SonoConfig™...

  • Page 53: Screenshot Of Waveforms Tab On Sonoconfig

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 5 SonoConfig™ Instrument Interface Software Figure 5-2. Screenshot of Waveforms Tab on SonoConfig™ M-000-00030...

  • Page 54: Chapter 6 Troubleshooting And Repair

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Warning! Always turn off power and remove main power before disassembling any part of the flow meter. Hidden Diagnostics Menus The menus shown on the following page can be accessed using the password 16363, then moving to the display that reads “Diagnostics Menu”...
  • Page 55 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Hidden Diagnostics Menus M-000-00030...

  • Page 56: Level One Hidden Diagnostics Values

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Level One Hidden Diagnostics Values • Signal Strength = A unitless measure of the amplitude of the received ultrasonic signal displayed as a percentage (0 to 100). A value of 0 means there is no signal being received.

  • Page 57: Level Two Hidden Diagnostics Values

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair • Delay Time uS = An amount of time in microseconds (uS) set by the flow meter software after determining the Flight Time of the ultrasonic sound wave through the pipe and process fluid. This amount of time is then used to determine the window in which the flow meters looks for the signal.
  • Page 58 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair • Factory Defaults = Reset factory defaults. If you change this to Yes and press Enter, all the factory configuration is lost and you must reconfigure the entire program. Consult the factory before performing this process, it is required only in very rare cases.
  • Page 59 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair • Set Full Charge? = YES or NO. If YES is selected, then the “Battery State” will change from the current value to a value of 100%. The default value is NO. As long as this is selected the “Battery State”...

  • Page 60: Analog Output Calibration

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Analog Output Calibration To check the 4–20 mA circuit, connect a DVM in series with the output loop. Select zero or full scale (from the second level of the hidden Diagnostics menu) and then actuate the ENTER key.

  • Page 61: Troubleshooting The Flow Meter

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Troubleshooting the Flow Meter Warning! Always turn off power and remove main power before disassembling any part of the flow meter. First Check Items: Installation Programming Correct  Installation Spacing Correct ...
  • Page 62 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Record values - Hidden Diagnostics Menu continued: With No Flow With Flow (if possible) Avg. Delta T= Up Peak = Down Peak = Zeros in Signal = Wave Freq. = Cutoff V = SR Coefficient = Num Cycles = Waveform =...

  • Page 63: Determine The Fault

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair Determine the Fault Symptom: Output at No Flow 1. The programming values defined in the Calibration menu may not match the actual hardware being used at the time of measurement, leading to erroneous flow rate readings.

  • Page 64: Symptom: Inaccurate Flow Rate Reading

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair handheld unit and the SonoConnect™ breakout box. Verify that the wiring connections inside of the SonoConnect™ breakout box match the pins according to chapter 2 of the manual and that they are properly connected. 4.

  • Page 65: Symptom: Unsatisfactory Correlation

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair 4. The next parameter to consider is the Waveform which can be found in the Second Level of the Hidden Diagnostics menu. This parameter is used to define the waveform of the driving circuit and can help with refining the transmit and receive signals.
  • Page 66 Series S34 Instruction Manual Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Repair If your problem persists, run through the First Check Items in the beginning of this chapter, fill in the Record Values Section, and contact the factory if necessary. M-000-00030 6-13...

  • Page 67: Returning Equipment To The Factory

    Before returning any SonoPro® Portable Ultrasonic flow meter to the factory, you must request a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. To obtain an RMA number and the correct shipping address, submit a request through VorTek Instruments, LLC website, vortekinst.com, or contact Customer Service at:...

  • Page 68: Appendix A Product Specifications

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix A Specifications Appendix A Product Specifications Accuracy ≤1-inch Line Size: +/- 2% of rate >1-inch Line Size: +/- 1% of rate Accuracy is dependent on several variables including pipe characteristics and transducer mounting configuration. Special calibration can improve accuracy. Contact factory if needed.
  • Page 69 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix A Specifications M-000-00030...

  • Page 70: Appendix B Flow Meter Calculations

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix B Flow Meter Calculations Appendix B Flow Meter Calculations Volume Flow Rate Mass Flow Rate  Where: A = Cross sectional area of the pipe (ft^2) C = speed of sound L = sound path length = Mass flow rate (lbm / sec) = Volume flow rate (ft^3 / sec) V = Flowing velocity (ft / sec)
  • Page 71 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix B Flow Meter Calculations Fluid Calculations Density The liquid density is found using the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynam- ic Properties of Water and Steam. Viscosity The liquid viscosity is found using the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, The IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Vis-...

  • Page 72: Appendix C Sound Speed And Pipe Data

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data Pipe Sound Speeds Material Shear Wave (ft/sec) Long Wave (ft/sec) Carbon Steel 10598 19325 Stainless 302 10236 18525 Stainless 303 10236 18525 Stainless 304 10305.12 19094.49...
  • Page 73 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data Pipe Chart M-000-00030...
  • Page 74 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...
  • Page 75 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...
  • Page 76 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...
  • Page 77 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...
  • Page 78 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...
  • Page 79 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix C Sound Speed and Pipe Data M-000-00030...

  • Page 80: Appendix D Quick Start-Up Guide

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix D Quick Start-Up Guide Appendix D Quick Start-Up Guide 1. Turn on power to the handheld unit by pressing the “POWER” button. 2. Press “ENTER”. A screen with “Enter Password” will be displayed. a. Enter the “User Password” of 1234. 3.
  • Page 81 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix D Quick Start-Up Guide Enter “Fluid Temp. 2”. Note: Only for models with Energy. 6. Now that all parameters have been set, navigate to the “Trans Traverse” sub-menu within the “Calibration” menu. a. Press the right arrow to access the “Spacing” parameter. b.

  • Page 82: Appendix E Glossary Of Terms

    Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix E Glossary of Terms Appendix E Glossary of Terms A B C D Cross sectional area. ACFM Actual Cubic Feet Per Minute (volumetric flow rate). ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers. British Thermal Unit, an energy measurement. Compressibility A factor used to correct for the non-ideal changes in a fluid’s density due to changes in temperature and/or pressure.
  • Page 83 Series S34 Instruction Manual Appendix E Glossary of Terms Milli-amp, one thousandth of an ampere of current.  Viscosity, a measure of a fluid’s resistance to shear stress. Honey has high viscosi- ty, alcohol has low viscosity. Line pressure (psia or bar absolute). ...

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