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RF Technology Eclipse Series Operation And Maintenance Manual

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Eclipse Series
RF Technology
rfinfo@rftechnology.com.au
November, 2001
T50 Transmitter
Operation and Maintenance Manual
This manual is produced by RF Technology Pty Ltd
10/8 Leighton Place, Hornsby NSW 2077 Australia
Copyright © 2001 RF Technology

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  • Page 1 Eclipse Series RF Technology rfinfo@rftechnology.com.au November, 2001 T50 Transmitter Operation and Maintenance Manual This manual is produced by RF Technology Pty Ltd 10/8 Leighton Place, Hornsby NSW 2077 Australia Copyright © 2001 RF Technology...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Voltage Controlled Oscillators (Sheet 7) 1W Broadband HF Power Amplifier (Sheet 8) Power Generation Section (Sheet 9) Field Alignment Procedure Standard Test Equipment Invoking the Calibration Procedure The “Miscellaneous” Calibration Procedure The “Reference” Calibration Procedure Page 2 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 3 Channel Select Input / Output 7.4.19 DC Remote Keying 7.4.20 PTT in 7.4.21 Programmable No-Tone Period 7.4.22 Firmware Timers 7.4.23 CTCSS Connectors 7.5.1 RF Output Connector 7.5.2 Power and I/O Connector 7.5.3 External Reference Connector (optional) RF Technology T50 Page 3...
  • Page 4 1. CONTENTS CONTENTS Engineering Diagrams Block Diagram Circuit Diagrams Component Overlay Diagrams Parts List EIA CTCSS Tones Page 4 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 5: Operating Instructions

    1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS WARNING Changes or modifications not expressly approved by RF Technology could void your authority to operate this equipment. Specifications may vary from those given in this document in accordance with requirements of local authorities. RF Technology equipment is subject to...

  • Page 6: Power Led

    1.1.5 ALARM LED The Alarm LED can indicate several fault conditions if they are detected by the self test program. The alarm indicator shows the highest priority fault present. See Tables 1 and 2. Page 6 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 7: Transmitter Internal Jumper Options

    Reverse Power Alarm Level (defaults to 25% - corresponding to a VSWR of 3:1). LOOP Volts Select Normally the transmitter will key up if dc current is sensed flowing in either direction between Line1+ and Line1- (>=1mA). If this option is selected, then a 12Vdc supply is RF Technology T50 Page 7...

  • Page 8: Direct Audio (Tone) Select

    Line potentiometer will adjust the level of them both. Transmitter I/O Connections 25 Pin Connector The female D-shell, 25 pin, connector is the main interface to the transmitter. The pin connections are described in table 3. Page 8 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 9: Pin Front Panel Connector

    The pinout for the connector has been chosen so that a straight-through BD9 male to DB9 female cable can connect the transmitter to any male DB9 serial port on an IBM PC compatible computer. Note that for connection to a modem, a cross-over cable will be required. RF Technology T50 Page 9...

  • Page 10: Channel And Tone Frequency Programming

    0.0 – 99.9 that this reverse power level is never exceeded. It also sets the ratio of forward power, which if exceeded causes the reverse power alarm condition 25.0 (% of current to be asserted forward power) Page 10 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 11: Setting Channel Parameters

    Where chan_number is a number from 0 to 99. The format of the parameter_list is quite complex. It has 14 fields. Each field can be separated by a colon(:), comma(,), space, or tab. For example set chan 0 25.0,35.0,100.0,120.0,0,5,2,0,5,2,10,11,0,3 RF Technology T50 Page 11...
  • Page 12 2.5kHz, and a maximum tone deviation of 375Hz. (See Tables 7 and 8) Least Significant BCD digit of Fields 13 or 14 Maximum Deviation 5.0kHz 4.0kHz 3.0kHz 2.5kHz 2.0kHz 1.5kHz User Specified(default: 4.5kHz) Table 7: Maximum Deviations Page 12 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 13: Circuit Description

    J4 is an optional BNC connector for an external reference clock. If an external reference clock, with power level from +5 to +26dBm is attached here, the firmware will automatically track the channel VCO to the reference. RF Technology T50 Page 13...

  • Page 14: Microprocessor (Sheet 2)

    AN3 and AN1 are inputs from the PLL circuits that sense the bias voltage on the VCO control varactor for each VCO. AN2 is used to sense the average peak voltage of the audio input. AN0 is used to sense the average peak voltage of the RF output. Page 14 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 15 3200. The software can measure what the reference frequency is, and then use this input to calculate the frequency error of the channel PLL reference oscillator. It can then adjust the channel reference oscillator to reduce this error to less than 0.3ppm. (See 5.6) RF Technology T50 Page 15...
  • Page 16 TONE_INT is a CPU input that comes from the FX805 (U500). This pin is used to indicate when a Tone has been decoded, or there is some other need to service the FX805. As yet this pin is not used in the T50. (See 5.5) Page 16 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 17 U208 is a 1, or 4, Megabit Static RAM in an SOP-32 package, and is used for both code and data. The code in the RAM is copied from the Flash, at start-up. RF Technology T50 Page 17...

  • Page 18: Audio Processing Section (Sheet 3)

    The input voltages are converted to current by the input load resistors R402, and R403. The output currents are converted to voltages by resistors R420 and R424. Page 18 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 19 R442, and R444 are used to “soften” the clipping, i.e. to “round off” the edges as the voltage hits the clipping levels. This reduces the level of the lower order harmonics produced. U407C then buffers the output for mixing with the tone output circuitry. RF Technology T50 Page 19...

  • Page 20: Tone Generation Section (Sheet 5)

    U502A amplifies, as well as mixes, the two audio inputs, and its output is either passed through a low pass filter (at 250Hz), or not, depending on the state of analogue switch U301A. The output of U502C is then attenuated by a digital POT, before being buffered by U502D. Page 20 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 21: Frequency Synthesiser (Sheet 6)

    U602 and the Modulation VCO (see Sheet 7) form the modulation PLL. U602 acts as its own crystal oscillator for its reference oscillator. X600 is a 5ppm, 12MHz, crystal. Its resonant point is adjusted by the bias applied to varactor D600. RF Technology T50 Page 21...

  • Page 22: The Channel Pll

    The phase detector output is also buffered and attenuated for the analogue input of the CPU. This is the function of U608, R623, and R624. In this way the CPU can monitor the VCO bias to ensure that it is within specification (>0.5V, and < 4.5V). Page 22 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 23: The External Reference Divider

    PLL reference oscillators. Each step of the MOD_ADJ_FINE DAC output will move the frequency about one eighth of this amount. The other DAC output (BALANCE) is used to adjust the BALANCE VCA (see sheet RF Technology T50 Page 23...

  • Page 24: The Vcos And The Rf Output

    Modulation PLL and the Channel VCO respectively (see Sheet 6). Diodes D700 and D703 are used to provide some AGC for the JFETs. These Schottky diodes will increase the –ve bias on the gate of the JFETs (thereby decreasing the drain Page 24 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 25 RF pin of the mixer at a level of about –20 to –22dBm. The output of the mixer is then run through a low pass filter to remove frequencies other than (Fmod - Fvco). U700 then amplifies this signal to a level of about –6 to –8dBm. RF Technology T50 Page 25...

  • Page 26: Broadband Hf Power Amplifier (Sheet 8)

    National LM2595. Two of the converters are 12V converters and one is a 5V converter. The power in to the whole exciter is the voltage rail 28V. U907 converts this down to 12V. Page 26 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 27: Field Alignment Procedure

    • RF Peak Deviation Meter • True RMS AC voltmeter, and a DC voltmeter. • RF Power Meter (accurate to 2%, i.e. 0.17dB) • Some means of measuring Reverse Power, and a known 3:1 mismatched load. RF Technology T50 Page 27...

  • Page 28: Invoking The Calibration Procedure

    Enter key to bypass this operation. If, though, D911 has been replaced for some reason, then, the lid of the unit should be removed, and the voltage measured. TP913 can be found just above JP12 (near the centre of the exciter). Page 28 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 29: The "Reference" Calibration Procedure

    If your exciter is fitted with the external reference option (an extra BNC connector on the rear panel), the user can connect an external reference directly to the rear BNC connector. If the exciter does not have this option, then the top cover of the exciter RF Technology T50 Page 29...
  • Page 30 Waiting up to 1 minute for clocks to stabilise..The crystal temperature is 22 C The channel ref error = 1 cnts or, 1.63 Hz The mod ref error = 1 cnts or, 1.63Hz Page 30 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 31: The "Deviation" Calibration Procedure

    RF Technology indicating the problem. Such a problem may be caused by a crystal having aged to such an extent, that it is getting close to the region where it may soon, no longer be adjusted, or that, with further degradation, the low frequency performance may be compromised.

  • Page 32: The "Tone Deviation" Calibration Procedure

    T50> cal tone This procedure should not normally be invoked as part of any field maintenance. The only conceivable time that it might ever be used, would be if a non standard maximum tone deviation was required. Page 32 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 33: The "Line" Calibration Procedure

    Set the output to be a sine wave, 388mV rms and 1kHz Disconnect the RF connection to the PA and connect a deviation meter to the exciter's BNC output. Enter + or - to increase or decrease the deviation, and <RET> when the deviation is 3kHz RF Technology T50 Page 33...

  • Page 34: The "Power" Calibration Procedure

    PA50 power amplifier can be connected to, and work correctly with any T50 exciter. The frequency range of the amplifier is defined by three jumper settings on the external PA, which the CPU can Page 34 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 35 (nominal) attenuator, and the attenuator to a calibrated power meter Enter <RET> when this has been done"); Adjust C209 in the Power Amplifier until there is a minimum in the dc voltage measured at TP204 Enter <RET> when done. RF Technology T50 Page 35...

  • Page 36: Specifications

    Although most applications are single channel, it can be programmed for up to 100 channels, numbered 0-99. This is to provide the capability of programming all channels into all of the transmitters used at a given site. Where this facility is used in conjunction Page 36 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 37: Ctcss

    7.1.3 Channel Programming The channel information is stored in non-volatile memory and can be programmed via the front panel connector using a PC, and/or RF Technology software. 7.1.4 Channel Selection Channel selection is by eight channel select lines connected to the rear panel that mounts on the rear DB25 female connector.

  • Page 38: Microprocessor

    There are no front panel test points. All important test points are monitored by the firmware. Electrical Specifications 7.4.1 Power Requirements Operating Voltage - 16 to 32 Vdc Current Drain - 1A Maximum, typically 0.25A Standby Polarity - Negative Ground Page 38 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 39: Frequency Range And Channel Spacing

    25% or more of the forward power). 7.4.8 Transmit Duty Cycle 100% 7.4.9 Spurious and Harmonics Less than 0.25 µ W, when connected to a PA50 operating at an output power level of 100W. RF Technology T50 Page 39...

  • Page 40: Carrier And Modulation Attack Time

    An open drain MOSFET output is provided to operate an antenna change over relay or solid state switch. The transistor can sink up to 250mA. A 1W flywheel diode connects to the 12V rail to prevent damage to the FET from inductive kick from a relay coil. Page 40 RF Technology T50...

  • Page 41: Channel Select Input/Output

    Time Out Timer - A time-out or transmission time limit can be programmed to automatically turn the transmitter off. The time limit can be set from 0-10million seconds. The timer is automatically reset when the PTT input is released. Zero seconds disables the timer, and allows continuous transmission. RF Technology T50 Page 41...

  • Page 42: Ctcss

    BNC connector on the module rear panel. 7.5.2 Power & I/O Connector 25-pin “D” Female Mounted at the top of the rear panel 7.5.3 External Reference Connector (optional) BNC connector mounted in the middle of the rear panel connector. Page 42 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 43 PCB. Figure 6 shows the detailed circuit diagram with component numbers and values for the higher-power PA variation. Figure 7 shows the detailed circuit diagram with component numbers and values for the lower power PA variation. RF Technology T50 Page 43...
  • Page 44 10nF Cer. Cap, X7R, 0603, 10% 46/63X1/010N C402 3n3F Cer. Cap, NPO, 1206, 5% 46/26N1/03N3 C403 3n3F Cer. Cap, NPO, 1206, 5% 46/26N1/03N3 C404 3n3F Cer. Cap, NPO, 1206, 5% 46/26N1/03N3 C405 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N Page 44 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 45 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N C613 Ceramic Capacitor, 16V, 220nF, X7R, 10% 45/X7R1/220N C614 15pF Cer. Cap, NPO, 0603, 5% 46/63N1/015P C615 15pF Cer. Cap, NPO, 0603, 5% 46/63N1/015P C616 10nF Cer. Cap, X7R, 0603, 10% 46/63X1/010N RF Technology T50 Page 45...
  • Page 46 150pF Cer. Cap, NPO, 0603, 5% 46/63N1/150P C715 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N C716 22pF Cer. Cap, NPO, 0603, 5% 46/63N1/022P C717 3p9F Cer. Cap, NPO, 0603, 5% 46/63N1/03P9 C718 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N Page 46 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 47 C771 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N C772 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N C773 Ceramic Capacitor, 16V, 1uF, Y5V 45/Y5X7/1U16 C774 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N C775 100nF, 25V, Y5V, decoupler, 0603 46/63Y1/100N RF Technology T50 Page 47...
  • Page 48 100uF SMD, low ESR Electrolytic cap, D body 41/SELD/100U C939 100uF SMD, low ESR Electrolytic cap, D body 41/SELD/100U C940 33uF SMD, low ESR Electrolytic cap, C body 41/SELC/033U C941 33uF SMD, low ESR Electrolytic cap, C body 41/SELC/033U Page 48 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 49 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 120 ohm, 3A 37/P034/0001 L101 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 600 ohm, 200mA 37/P033/0001 L102 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 600 ohm, 200mA 37/P033/0001 L104 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 600 ohm, 200mA 37/P033/0001 L200 220uH Choke 37/3320/P103 RF Technology T50 Page 49...
  • Page 50 SMD High Current, Shielded, 220uH Choke 37/MSP1/220U L905 220uH Choke 37/3320/P103 L906 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 120 ohm, 3A 37/P034/0001 L907 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 120 ohm, 3A 37/P034/0001 L908 Ferrite, 1206 pkg, 120 ohm, 3A 37/P034/0001 Page 50 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 51 0805, 1%, 2K2 resistor 51/8511/02K2 R207 0805, 1%, 68K resistor 51/8511/068K R208 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R209 0805, 1%, 330R resistor 51/8511/330R R210 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R211 0805, 1%, 220R resistor 51/8511/220R RF Technology T50 Page 51...
  • Page 52 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R312 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R313 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R314 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R315 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R316 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K Page 52 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 53 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R427 0805, 1%, 47K resistor 51/8511/047K R428 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R429 0805, 1%, 22K resistor 51/8511/022K R430 0805, 1%, 47K resistor 51/8511/047K R431 0805, 1%, 270K resistor 51/8511/270K RF Technology T50 Page 53...
  • Page 54 0805, 0.5%, 50ppm, 7K5 resistor 51/85P1/07K5 R511 0805, 0.5%, 50ppm, 7K5 resistor 51/85P1/07K5 R512 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R513 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R514 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R516 0805, 1%, 680R resistor 51/8511/680R Page 54 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 55 R632 0805, 1%, 47R resistor 51/8511/047R R633 1206 120R resistor 51/3380/0120 R634 0805, 1%, 120R resistor 51/8511/120R R635 0805, 1%, 560R resistor 51/8511/560R R636 0805, 1%, 220R resistor 51/8511/220R R637 0805, 1%, 5K6 resistor 51/8511/05K6 RF Technology T50 Page 55...
  • Page 56 0805, 1%, 4K7 resistor 51/8511/04K7 R742 0805, 1%, 820R resistor 51/8511/820R R743 0805, 1%, 560R resistor 51/8511/560R R744 0805, 1%, 1K resistor 51/8511/010K R745 0805, 1%, 220R resistor 51/8511/220R R802 0805, 1%, 47R resistor 51/8511/047R Page 56 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 57 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP303 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP305 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP500 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP501 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP908 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP909 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP910 Test Point 35/2501/0001 TP911 Test Point 35/2501/0001 RF Technology T50 Page 57...
  • Page 58 24/3010/VAM6 U707 Gen. Purp. R2R Op. Amp. 29/1M55/P021 U800 MMIC Amplifier 24/3010/211L U906 Gen. Purp. R2R Op. Amp. 29/1M55/P021 U907 Simple (Buck) Switcher, 5V, 1A output 29/REG1/0N12 U908 Simple (Buck) Switcher, 5V, 1A output 29/REG1/0N12 Page 58 RF Technology T50...
  • Page 59 U915 Positive Adjustable Voltage Reg. in SO8 package 29/000L/M337 X200 14.7456 MHz Crystal, 30ppm, SMD 33/14M7/0001 X500 4.0 MHz Crystal 32/2049/04M0 X600 12.0 MHz Crystal, 5ppm, SMD 33/12M0/0001 X601 12.0 MHz Crystal, 5ppm, SMD 33/12M0/0001 RF Technology T50 Page 59...
  • Page 60 74.4 77.0 79.7 82.5 85.4 88.5 91.5 94.8 100.0 103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8 123.0 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2 151.4 156.7 162.2 167.9 173.8 179.9 186.2 192.8 203.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 233.6 241.8 250.3 Page 60 RF Technology T50...

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