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Vanguard Instruments Company WRM-10P User Manual

Transformer winding resistance meters
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WRM-10P and WRM-40
TRANSFORMER WINDING RESISTANCE METERS
Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc.
1520 S. Hellman Ave.
Ontario, California 91761, USA
TEL: (909) 923-9390
FAX: (909) 923-9391
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
USER'S MANUAL
November 2009
Revision 3

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  • Page 1 ® Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) WRM-10P and WRM-40 TRANSFORMER WINDING RESISTANCE METERS USER’S MANUAL Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc. 1520 S. Hellman Ave. Ontario, California 91761, USA TEL: (909) 923-9390 November 2009 FAX: (909) 923-9391 Revision 3...
  • Page 2 SAFETY WARNING AND CAUTIONS The WRM-10P/40 shall be used only by trained operators. All transformers under test shall be off-line and fully isolated. DO NOT MODIFY TEST EQUIPMENT To avoid the risk of introducing additional or unknown hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to any WRM-10P/40 test unit.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT ..................1 INTRODUCTION ........................2 General Description and Features ................... 2 Technical Specifications ....................4 1.2.1. WRM-10P Technical Specifications ................4 1.2.2. WRM-40 Technical Specifications ................5 WRM Controls and Indicators ..................
  • Page 4 Table 1. WRM-10P Technical Specifications ................... 4 Table 2. WRM-40 Technical Specifications ..................5 Table 3. Functional Descriptions of WRM-10P Controls and Indicators ........7 Table 4. Functional Descriptions of WRM-40 Controls and Indicators .......... 9 Table 5. Voltage Selection Jumper Settings .................. 10...

  • Page 5: Conventions Used In This Document

    CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT This document uses the following conventions: • Both the WRM-10P and WRM-40 are simply referred to as “WRM” in this manual. The exact model number is used only in cases where differences between the units are discussed.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    The WRM-10P can store test results in Flash EEPROM. Test results can be printed on the built-in 2.5-inch wide thermal printer or can be transferred to a PC via the RS-232C interface port.
  • Page 7 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Internal Test Record Storage The WRM can store 63 test records (up to 48 readings per test record) in Flash EEPROM. Test records can be retrieved and printed on the built-in thermal printer or can be transferred to a ®...

  • Page 8: Technical Specifications

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Technical Specifications 1.2.1. WRM-10P Technical Specifications Table 1. WRM-10P Technical Specifications TYPE Portable transformer winding resistance meter PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS 16.8”W x 12.6”H x 10.6”D (42.6 cm x 32.0 cm x 26.9 cm); Weight: 27 lbs (12.2 kg)

  • Page 9: Wrm-40 Technical Specifications

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL 1.2.2. WRM-40 Technical Specifications Table 2. WRM-40 Technical Specifications TYPE Portable transformer winding resistance meter PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS 25”W x 8.5”H x 20”D (63.5 cm x 21.6 cm x 50 cm); Weight: 44 lbs (20 kg) INPUT POWER 100 –...

  • Page 10: Wrm Controls And Indicators

    A leader line with an index number points to each control and indicator, which is cross-referenced to a functional description in Table 3 for the WRM-10P and Table 4 for the WRM-40. The tables describe the function of each item on the control panel. The purpose of the controls and indicators may seem obvious, but users should become familiar with them before using the WRM.

  • Page 11: Table 3. Functional Descriptions Of Wrm-10P Controls And Indicators

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Table 3. Functional Descriptions of WRM-10P Controls and Indicators Item Panel Markings Functional Description Number Voltage sensing channel #1. Female test connector jacks for connecting voltage-sensing test leads. Voltage sensing channel #2. Female test connector jacks for connecting voltage-sensing test leads.

  • Page 12: Figure 2. Wrm-40 Controls And Indicators

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Figure 2. WRM-40 Controls and Indicators...

  • Page 13: Table 4. Functional Descriptions Of Wrm-40 Controls And Indicators

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Table 4. Functional Descriptions of WRM-40 Controls and Indicators Item Panel Markings Functional Description Number Voltage sensing channel #1. Female test connector jacks for connecting voltage-sensing test leads. Voltage sensing channel #2. Female test connector jacks for connecting voltage-sensing test leads.

  • Page 14: Pre-Test Setup

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 PRE-TEST SETUP Operating Voltages The WRM’s operating voltage is preset at the factory and is selectable between 100-120 Vac, 50/60 Hz or 200-240 Vac, 50/60 Hz. The voltage is set by placing jumper(s) on the power terminal block as listed in Table 5 and illustrated in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

  • Page 15: Figure 5. Wrm-10P Relay Location

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Figure 5. WRM-10P Relay Location Figure 6. WRM-40 Relay Location...

  • Page 16: Lcd Screen Contrast Control

    The WRM’s built-in thermal printer uses 2.5-inch wide thermal paper for printing test results. To maintain the highest print quality and to avoid paper jams, the use of thermal paper supplied by Vanguard Instruments Company is highly recommended. Additional paper can be ordered from the following sources: Vanguard Instruments Co, Inc.

  • Page 17: Replacing The Thermal Printer Paper

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Replacing the Thermal Printer Paper The roll of thermal paper is housed inside a dispenser underneath the printer cover. To replace the paper, follow the steps below: • Unscrew the two large printer cover screws and remove the printer cover.

  • Page 18: Operating Procedures

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 OPERATING PROCEDURES WRM Cable Connections Typical WRM connection diagrams are shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, and Figure 10. • Do not touch or disconnect any test lead that is connected to a transformer terminal while high current is being conducted during a test.

  • Page 19: Figure 9. Typical Wrm Connections Diagram #3

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Figure 9. Typical WRM Connections Diagram #3 The above figure illustrates the simultaneous testing of both the high and low windings on a single-phase transformer. When measuring two channels, the above cable connection is recommended since it will speed up the testing process.

  • Page 20: General Procedures

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 General Procedures The main steps for using the WRM are outlined below: a. Ground the WRM to the substation ground. Always connect the WRM to the substation ground before connecting any test lead to any transformer bushing. Failure to follow this procedure may damage the WRM.

  • Page 21: Entering Test Record Header Information

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Entering Test Record Header Information You can enter the test record header information before performing tests. The record header includes identifying information such as the company, station, circuit, model number, etc. Once the header information has been entered, it will apply to all subsequent test records. To enter the header information: a.
  • Page 22 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 e. The following screen will be displayed: CIRCUIT: UP/DOWN TO POSITION “ENTER” TO ACCEPT Type the circuit information using the alpha-numeric keypad and then press the [ENTER] key. f. The following screen will be displayed:...
  • Page 23 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL j. The following screen will be displayed: OPERATOR: UP/DOWN TO POSITION “ENTER” TO ACCEPT [ENTER] Type the operator’s name using the alpha-numeric keypad and then press the key. All header information will be saved, and you will be returned to the “START-UP” menu.

  • Page 24: Performing A Resistance Test

    (V1 ONLY TEST) if you would like to perform a V1 test only. Please see section 3.5 for information about performing special tests. The test current is 10 Amps for the WRM-10P and 40 Amps for the WRM-40. NOTE c.
  • Page 25 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Press the key (COPPER, Tk=234.5) to select copper as the winding material. Continue to step d. Press the key (ALUMINUM, Tk=225) to select aluminum as the winding material. Continue to step d. Press the key (MANUALLY ENTER Tk) to manually enter the Tk value.
  • Page 26 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 The WRM will calculate the equivalent resistance value at this new temperature. Please see section 4.2 for further information about how this value is calculated. NOTE g. The following warning screen will be displayed:...
  • Page 27 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL j. The WRM determines when the resistance reading is stable and displays the resistance values on the LCD screen as shown below: TEST IN PROGRESS I=9.79A R1=499μΩ R2=105μΩ * XFMR ENERGIZED! * The WRM will continue the test and update the resistance values on the LCD screen.
  • Page 28 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 k. The following screen will be displayed: PRINT TEST RESULTS? 1. YES 2. NO 1. YES Press the key (YES) to print the test results on the built-in thermal printer. The last test results displayed on the LCD screen will be printed. Typical WRM test reports are shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, and Figure 13.
  • Page 29 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL In either case, press any key and continue to step m. 2. NO If you do not wish to save the reading, press the key (NO) and continue to step m. m. The following screen will be displayed: RUN ANOTHER TEST? 1.

  • Page 30: Figure 11. Typical V1 Test Report Printout

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 o. The following screen will be displayed: RECORD NUMBER 01 HAS BEEN SAVED! The record number is automatically assigned and incremented by the WRM. NOTE Press any key to return to the “START-UP” menu.

  • Page 31: Figure 12. Typical V1 And V2 Test Report Printout

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Measured Resistance Equivalent Resistance at Reference Temperature Figure 12. Typical V1 and V2 Test Report Printout...

  • Page 32: Figure 13. Typical V1 And V2 Test Report Printout With Multiple Readings

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Figure 13. Typical V1 and V2 Test Report Printout with Multiple Readings...

  • Page 33: Performing A Load Tap Changer / Voltage Regulator Resistance Test

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Performing a Load Tap Changer / Voltage Regulator Resistance Test The Load Tap Changer/Voltage Regulator Resistance Test can be used to conveniently measure the resistance at each tap position. Once the number of taps has been entered, the WRM will request the user to set the tap position, starting with the lower taps, then to neutral, and then to the raise taps.
  • Page 34 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 e. The following screen will be displayed: 3 LOWER,N,3 RAISE IS THIS CORRECT? 1. YES 2. NO If the tap information is correct, press the key (YES) and continue to step f. If the tap information is incorrect, press the key (NO) and return to step d.
  • Page 35 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL g. The following screen will be displayed: D.U.T. TEMP 25.0°C 77.0°F ↑↓ to adjust temp “ENTER” to accept [PAPER ∧ Contrast] [PAPER ∨ Contrast] Use the keys to adjust the D.U.T. (Device Under Test) temperature.
  • Page 36 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 k. The following screen will be displayed momentarily: CALIBRATING PLEASE WAIT... After the WRM finishes its internal calibration, the following screen will be displayed: XFMR CHARGING PLEASE WAIT… I = 0.03A * XFMR ENERGIZED! * l.
  • Page 37 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL o. The following screen will be displayed after the last “Raise” position’s resistance reading is stored: PRINT RECORD? 1. YES 2. NO 1. YES Press the key (YES) to print the test results on the built-in thermal printer. A Typical LTC/Voltage Regulator test report is shown in Figure 14.
  • Page 38 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Press the key (SAVE RECORD) to save the test record. The following screen will be displayed: RECORD NUMBER 01 HAS BEEN SAVED! Press any key to return to the “START-UP” menu.

  • Page 39: Figure 14. Typical Ltc/Voltage Regulator Test Report Printout

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Figure 14. Typical LTC/Voltage Regulator Test Report Printout...

  • Page 40: Performing A Special Resistance Test

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Performing a Special Resistance Test The Special Resistance Test is used to conduct a resistance test for a pre-defined period ranging from 1 to 45 minutes. The resistance data is recorded at one minute intervals. Use the steps below to perform a Special Resistance Test: a.
  • Page 41 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Press the key (COPPER, Tk=234.5) to select copper as the winding material. Continue to step d. Press the key (ALUMINUM, Tk=225) to select aluminum as the winding material. Continue to step d. Press the key (MANUALLY ENTER Tk) to manually enter the Tk value.
  • Page 42 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 g. The following warning screen will be displayed: ********WARNING****** DANGEROUS FLASH-OVER WILL OCCUR IF CABLES ARE DISCONNECTED! This warning is a reminder that the next sequence of test steps will run current through the test load.
  • Page 43 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL When the pre-defined test time has elapsed, the following screen will be displayed: TEST RESULTS I=10.01A R1=499 μΩ R2=501 μΩ Press any key to continue. k. The following screen will be displayed: SAVE THIS RECORD? 1.

  • Page 44: Figure 15. Typical Five Minute Special Test Report Printout

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Figure 15. Typical Five Minute Special Test Report Printout...

  • Page 45: Performing A Transient Test

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Performing a Transient Test The transient test verifies that a regulating switch in a Voltage Regulator or Load Tap Changer changes contacts through its selection range without a break in the circuit. This is an important test because in actual use, any break in current in a regulating tap switch generates large reactive voltage spikes that are hazardous and exceed the switch’s voltage ratings, thus causing...
  • Page 46 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 e. The following screen will be displayed: TRANSIENT TEST “START” TO RUN TEST “STOP” TO ABORT [START] Press the key. f. The following screen will be displayed: *XFMR CHARGING* PLEASE WAIT… * XFMR ENERGIZED! * g.

  • Page 47: Figure 16. Typical Transient Test Report

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Press the key (YES) to print the test results. The test results will be printed, and you will be returned to the “START-UP” menu. A typical voltage regulator test report is shown in Figure 16.

  • Page 48: Performing A Diagnostic Test

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Performing a Diagnostic Test In diagnostic mode, the WRM can run a resistance test, display the sense voltages, and test current on the WRM. This feature can be used to verify the WRM’s voltage and current readings against an external meter.

  • Page 49: Working With Test Records

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Working with Test Records 3.9.1. Restoring a Test Record for Review or Printing Use the steps below to restore a test record from the WRM’s Flash EEPROM to the unit’s working memory: a. Start from the “START-UP” menu: 1.
  • Page 50 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 The following screen will be displayed: RECORD RESTORED! Press any key. Continue to step e. 2. SCROLL TO SELECT Press the key (SCROLL TO SELECT) to scroll through the WRM’s record directory and find the record that you would like to restore. The following screen...
  • Page 51 REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL e. The following screen will be displayed: REVIEW RECORD 1. SCROLL TEST RECORD 2. PRINT TEST RECORD 1. SCROLL TEST RECORD Press the key (SCROLL TEST RECORD) to view the test record on the LCD [PAPER ∨...

  • Page 52: Reviewing Or Printing A Restored Test Record

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 3.9.2. Reviewing or Printing a Restored Test Record Once you have restored a test record to the working memory (see section 3.9.1), you can print or review it at the time it was restored or at a later time. Follow the steps below to review or print a test record after it has been restored to the working memory: a.

  • Page 53: Printing A Test Record Directory

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL 3.9.3. Printing a Test Record Directory A directory of all the test records stored in the WRM’s Flash EEPROM can be printed on the built-in thermal printer using the steps below: a. Start from the “START-UP” menu: 1.

  • Page 54: Figure 17. Typical Test Record Directory Printout

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Figure 17. Typical Test Record Directory Printout...

  • Page 55: Erasing Test Records

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL 3.9.4. Erasing Test Records Follow the steps below to erase a single test record or the entire directory of test records from the WRM’s Flash EEPROM: a. Start from the “START-UP” menu: 1. TEST XFMR 11/02/09 2.
  • Page 56 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Type the record number that you would like to erase, and then press the [ENTER] key. The following screen will be displayed: RECORD NUMBER 1 ERASED! Press any key to return to the “START-UP” menu.

  • Page 57: Enabling The Computer Interface

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL 3.10 Enabling the Computer Interface The Computer Interface Mode is used to transfer test records from the WRM’s Flash EEPROM to a PV via the RS-232C port. To use this mode, first run the provided PC software and then connect the PC to the RS-232C port on the WRM.

  • Page 58: Setting The Date And Time

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 3.11 Setting the Date and Time To set the date and time: a. Start from the “START-UP” menu: 1. TEST XFMR 11/02/09 2. SETUP 12:33:01 3. USER DIAG Press the key (SETUP). b. The following screen will be displayed: 1.

  • Page 59: Wrm-10P/40 Special Features

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL WRM-10P/40 SPECIAL FEATURES Bypassing Resistance Reading Delay When the WRM first applies the test voltage to the transformers winding, the current is increased slowly until the transformer’s winding reaches saturation. During this period, the resistance value varies substantially and the readings may appear unstable to the operator.

  • Page 60: Converting Resistance Measurements

    WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL REV 3 Converting Resistance Measurements The WRM can convert the resistance reading of the device under test at its present temperature to the equivalent resistance value at a different temperature. The conversion is accomplished by the following formula:...

  • Page 61: Troubleshooting Guide

    REV 3 WRM-10P AND WRM-40 USER’S MANUAL Troubleshooting Guide PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Probable Cause Suggested Solution No current displayed on • • Check current cable connection. Opened current cable connection. the LCD screen when • • Perform a quick test using a shunt Opened transformer windings.
  • Page 62 1520 S. Hellman Ave • Ontario, CA 91761 • USA Phone: 909-923-9390 • Fax: 909-923-9391 www.vanguard-instruments.com Copyright © 2009 by Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc. WRM-10 User’s Manual • Revision 2.0 • June 5, 2009 • TA...

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