Emerson Fisher 4194S Instruction Manual page 18

4194S Controllers
July 2018
Figure 3-4. Schematic of Operation for Fisher 4195S Controllers
SET POINT
INDICATOR
PROCESS POINTER
REMOTE SET POINT
CONNECTED HERE
INPUT ELEMENT
CONNECTED HERE
CONNECTING
LINK
SUPPLY PRESSURE
OUTPUT PRESSURE
POSITIVE FEEDBACK PRESSURE
NOZZLE PRESSURE
B1546‐2
The input element is connected to the process pointer and to the flapper by connecting links. As the process pressure
increases (in a direct‐acting controller), the flapper moves toward the nozzle, restricting flow through the nozzle and
increasing nozzle pressure. When this occurs, relay action increases the output pressure (delivery) of the controller.
Output pressure is fed back to the positive feedback bellows. The action of this bellows is a positive feedback action
that moves the flapper closer to the nozzle, increasing nozzle pressure, which in turn, increases the relay output.
Output pressure to the final control element switches to full supply pressure.
As the process differential pressure decreases, approaching the lower switching point, the flapper moves away from
the nozzle (in a direct‐acting controller) reducing nozzle pressure. Through relay action, pressure to the positive
feedback bellows is reduced, moving the flapper further away from the nozzle, and further reducing nozzle pressure.
Output pressure to the final control element switches to zero.
The set point adjustment changes the proximity of the nozzle and flapper as does a change in process pressure except
that, when the set point is changed, the nozzle moves with respect to the flapper. The set point adjustment moves
both the upper and lower switching points.
The proportional band knob positions the nozzle on the flapper. Increasing (widening) the proportional band moves
the nozzle away from the input connection. When the proportional band adjustment moves the nozzle across the
feedback connection, the controller action changes between direct and reverse. On a direct‐acting controller,
changing the proportional band adjustment will widen or narrow the differential gap between the two switching
points. This is accomplished by changing the position of the lower switching point. On a reverse‐acting controller,
changing the proportional band adjustment will widen or narrow the differential gap between the two switching
points. This is accomplished by changing the position of the upper switching point.
18
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
BELLOWS
PROPORTIONAL
BELLOWS
(VENTED)
FLAPPER
NOZZLE
Instruction Manual
REVERSE ACTION
QUADRANT
PROPORTIONAL
BAND ADJUSTMENT
FEEDBACK
LINK
FEEDBACK
MOTION
DIRECT ACTION
INPUT MOTION
QUADRANT
FLAPPER DETAIL
SUPPLY
PRESSURE
D200158X012
FLAPPER
PIVOT
OUTPUT PRESSURE
TO FINAL CONTROL
ELEMENT
RELAY