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Appendix A
Specific Measurement Techniques for Various Material Forms
A-6
Measurement Techniques For Various Program Material Forms
Described below are specific techniques and suggestions for various settings
and program material which can be assessed using the Audio Loudness Meter.
Live Production.
to guide the mixing operator to maintain audio level at an LKFS reasonably
close to that of typical post-production LKFS. Where aural activity is
significant (i.e., some sort of anchor element clearly exists), the short-term
LKFS reading furnished by the meter provides a good baseline of target
loudness compliance. Observing LKFS over a 10-second period (appr.) will
typically suffice. If a sequence appears where an anchor element can be
foreseen to start and stop at known points (i.e., scripted material), a session
can be run to arrive at a session LKFS value (which is more representative
than observing and assessing only short-term LKFS values).
Note that in this setting, audio may not be always be compressed/limited; very
wide swings in dynamic range are possible. Again, only segments that are
realistically viable in terms of content density, anchor element, and level
amplitude/consistency should be considered for measurement. If continual or
sustained
LKFS HI
"hot" level on the channel or overall mix.
Post-Production.
live production, except that a session LKFS measurement (consisting of using
START
the session
various segments can be started and stopped by cueing and rolling tape, and
then stopping tape. Circumventing quiet segments from influencing the
session can also be effected using the
Long-Form Finished Material.
segment as possible, however restricting a session to representative portion(s)
within an act. A representative segment should of course contain an anchor
element or the next reasonable equivalent. Only absent a representative
anchor element should a session run the unrestricted length of the piece (this
should be avoided where possible).
Short-Form Finished Material (e.g., "Commercials").
material will have a clearly discernible anchor element and relatively
consistent loudness density. As long as the material does not have loudness
pauses exceeding half the overall run time (which is typically unlikely), a
simple session run over the course of the material without the pause
techniques will typically provide a very reliable LKFS result.
AUDIO LOUDNESS METER OPTION (+LM-C, +LM-P) MANUAL SUPPLEMENT
The Audio Loudness Meter can be used in live production
violations are noted, it may be indicative of an overall
The guidelines for this settings are similar to that used for
STOP
and
functions) can and should be utilized, since
PAUSE
An LKFS session should be run for as long a
function.
Typically, this
OPT-SW-LM-MS (V2.9)
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