Abaxis VetScan HM5 Operator's Manual
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Abaxis VetScan HM5 Operator's Manual

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May 5, 2025

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  • Page 1 Operator’s Manual...
  • Page 3 For Veterinary Use Only Customer and Technical Support For USA: 1-800-822-2947 vetsupport@abaxis.com For Europe: +49 (6155) 780 210 techsupport@abaxis.de For U.K.: +44 (1904) 909 500 info@abaxis.co.uk September 2018 PN: 790-7013 Rev. F Text © 2018, Abaxis, Inc. Union City, CA 94587...
  • Page 5 Date of installation: ............................Distributor name and address: ......................................................................Abaxis sales representative name: ......................Phone: ......................Email: ......................VetScan is a registered trademark of Abaxis, Inc. September 2018 PN: 790-7013 Rev. F Abaxis UK Limited Abaxis, Inc. European Representative: Chessingham Park...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Initializing the VetScan HM5........
  • Page 8 10.1 VetScan HM5 Specifications ........
  • Page 9 General Information Section 1 This section provides general information about the Abaxis VetScan HM5 Hematology System. Section Contents 1.1 Introduction ........1-2 1.1.1 Customer and Technical Support .

  • Page 10: Section 1: General Information

    The VetScan HM5 can process 16–20 samples per hour, and is designed to determine the following 24 hematology parameters from 50 µl (2 x 25 µl) of whole blood: ...

  • Page 11: Customer And Technical Support

    1.1.1 Customer and Technical Support Abaxis Technical Support personnel can answer your questions regarding the VetScan HM5 Hematol- ogy Analyzer, or the combined VetScan HM5/VS2 system. 1.1.1.1 For USA:  Telephone: 1-800-822-2947, 24 hours a day, seven days a week ...

  • Page 12: Hm5 System

    1.2 HM5 System 1.2.1 Main Components 1.2.1.1 Front View 1. Built-in thermal printer 2. LCD touchscreen 3. Sampling door and rotor 4. USB Type A ports (2) 1.2.1.2 Back View 1. Reagent ports/inlets 2. Power switch ON/OFF 3. Power supply connection 4.

  • Page 13: Power Supply And Power Cord

    The cord used will be designated by the region. 1.2.3 Reagents The VetScan HM5 reagent pack (PN 770-9000) consists of five bot- tles containing Diluent, Cleaner, Lyse, Lyse 2, and Rinse solutions. Table 1-1: Reagents and Containers...
  • Page 14 1.2.3.1 Reagent Connections The VetScan HM5 draws in liquid reagents through a reagent tubing kit. This tubing can be configured in two ways, each of which connects to the analyzer’s reagent inlets, but uses a different connection at the reagent pack.

  • Page 15: Accessories

    Keyboard: A mini USB keyboard enables easier data input. Any USB keyboard can be used with the HM5.  Sample Tube Adaptors:  #1: for 2-3 ml tubes and the Abaxis Control Tube  #2: for 1.3 ml tubes ...

  • Page 16: Touchscreen Icons

    1.3 Touchscreen Icons The following figures show the icons used in the HM5 touchscreen display. Measure: Analyze Printer: Manage printer samples and run settings and printout blanks options Search, Database: Select General Settings: retrieve, view and analyzer options and lan- manage up to 5,000 guage records...

  • Page 17: Section 2: Installing The Vetscan Hm5

    2.2 Installation ........2-3 2.3 Initializing the VetScan HM5 ....2-9...

  • Page 18: Choosing A Location

    HOURS BEFORE INSTALLING IT ON AN ANALYZER Note: To ensure accurate test results, use only reagents supplied by Abaxis. Avoid using equipment that can produce electromagnetic emissions nearby: refrigerators, freezers, cen- trifuges, fans, hair dryers, etc. Installing the VetScan HM5...

  • Page 19: Installation

    2.1.2 Electrical Requirements  The VetScan HM5 is powered by a standard wall outlet, and requires a power supply of 100–240 VAC, 50–60 Hz, 1.5 A (this is provided with the analyzer).  To avoid power surges and electrical noise, DO NOT plug the analyzer’s power supply into a circuit that includes a centrifuge or other high-current device.
  • Page 20 CAUTION: When working with the reagent tubing, make sure the tubing does not become pinched or kinked and is not trapped between or beneath objects. Installing the VetScan HM5...
  • Page 21 When the analyzer is turned on, it first performs a startup routine: all moving parts are tested, tubing is primed, sensors are calibrated, and automatic self-cleanings are performed. This process will take about 2 minutes. 18. On the HM5’s Home screen, select Settings > Admin Settings Installing the VetScan HM5...
  • Page 22 20. Select Schedule Settings > Reset > Accept to restart maintenance timers from today. 21. Pour ~200 ml of distilled water into the Abaxis flask. 22. Submerge the free ends of the reagent tubes into the water. 23. Select Maintenance >...
  • Page 23 When the dip tube touches the bottle seal, push the tube through the seal until the end of the tube contacts the bottom of the bottle. Note: The colored rings may not sit flush with the top of the frame. Installing the VetScan HM5...
  • Page 24 Attach the long reagent tubes to the nozzles on the color-matching bottle caps. 29. Select Next through the steps of the pack change process until the analyzer primes. 30. Select Home to return to the Home screen. Installing the VetScan HM5...

  • Page 25: Initializing The Vetscan Hm5

    2.3 Initializing the VetScan HM5 Select Measure > Run . A Message that the blank has expired will appear. Select to run a blank. The analyzer will run a blank measurement. When the process is complete, the instrument dis- plays the result of the blank measurement. (Blank runs are described in more detail in “Run-...
  • Page 26 2-10 Installing the VetScan HM5...

  • Page 27: Section 3: Settings

    Settings Section 3 This section describes how to configure the VetScan HM5’s set- tings for optimal performance and to meet your particular lab requirements. Section Contents 3.1 Settings Overview ......3-2 3.2 Printer Settings .

  • Page 28: Settings Overview

    3-11. 3.2 Printer Settings The Abaxis HM5 can print to its built-in printer or a connected external printer. (For a list of compati- ble printers, contact Abaxis Technical Support.) The HM5’s printer settings enable users to select specific information to print, manage print color and quality, modify margins, and add a personalized header.

  • Page 29: General Settings

    Adjust the printer settings as needed:  Device : selects printer, print mode, and paper type.  Printout : sets units and margins for printouts.  Format: selects the items included with printed results.  Header: sets up to 7 lines of customer information used at the top of the printout.

  • Page 30: Measurement Settings

    These customized reference ranges must be provided by the user. 3.5 Date and Time Settings Use Date and Time to set the VetScan HM5’s built-in clock and calendar, and the format used to dis- play the date and time on results. ...

  • Page 31: Communication Settings

    This section provides information for network administrators to use in set- ting up the HM5 on a network. The VetScan HM5 offers a variety of options for communicating with external systems such as practice management software, printers and selected Abaxis analyzers, using USB and/or network connections as described in this chapter.
  • Page 32 The following tables list the most commonly used settings. Table 3-2: Unidirectional Transmission to a Host Through a USB Cable Communication Setting Name Setting Serial USB Communication Serial USB Link Enabled Serial Automatic Send Enabled Host Network Personal Computer (PC) Inactive PC Automatic Send Disabled...

  • Page 33: Vsx Communication

    3.6.1 VSx Communication The HM5 can provide a formatted printout of results from an Abaxis VS2 analyzer and can produce a printout of VS2 results combined with HM5 results when a matching Patient ID is found in the HM5 result database.

  • Page 34: Network Communication

    HM5. (For a list of compatible software, visit the Abaxis website at www.abaxis.com.) When network communication is necessary, the HM5 must always be configured with a Device Network address assignment (see “Device Network,”...

  • Page 35: Host Network

    (unidirectional mode), or accept work orders from and send results to a computer (bidirectional mode). The computer must be running compatible software to accept the result information and optionally send order information. For a list of compatible software, visit the Abaxis website at www.abaxis.com.
  • Page 36 Enabling PC Automatic Send is typical for this configuration, but may not be appropriate for your PMS or individual configu- ration. If you have questions about the correct setting for your clinic, contact Abaxis Technical Support or consult your PMS vendor. Select Accept 3.6.4.2...

  • Page 37: Admin Settings

     Interval fields can be used to set the number of days between cleanings. Abaxis recommends that Intervals left at the default values of a 7 day Interval for Wash Head Cleaning and a 14 day Interval for Soak Cleaning. Use the...
  • Page 38 3-12 Settings...

  • Page 39: Section 4: Running A Sample

    Running a Sample Section 4 Running a sample on the HM5 is a simple process that begins with good sample draws, proper mixing, and correct storage of the samples. Section Contents 4.1 Collecting and Handling Samples ....4-2 4.2 Storing Samples .

  • Page 40: Collecting And Handling Samples

    4.1 Collecting and Handling Samples Because sample integrity is essential for accurate test results, always follow the guidelines in this sec- tion for sample handling. CAUTION: Use only tubes containing potassium EDTA (purple/lavender top) for CBC analysis. Note: For multiple tube draws, always fill the tubes in this order: 1) blue top 2) red top or tiger top 3) green top...

  • Page 41: Storing Samples

     When using a vacutainer system, allow the vacuum to pull the sample in. If the tube stops filling before enough sample is acquired, try to quickly redirect the needle. If this takes more than 5-10 seconds, remove the needle and dispose of the sample, and attempt a new draw at a new site, with a new needle and new tube.

  • Page 42: Before Performing An Analysis

    Repeat if needed to remove all air gaps and large bubbles from the reagent tubes. e. If priming is required more than two times or bubbles persist, call Abaxis Technical Support. Note: Air gaps in the waste tubing (red) are normal.

  • Page 43: Running A Blank Measurement

    12 hours for 24-hour clinics. Blanks must also be run after a reagent pack change. The blank checks the cleanliness of the VetScan HM5’s fluidic system, and establishes a baseline for sample measurements. The results of a blank are used to determine if the background will affect the test results, and whether the analyzer needs cleaning or maintenance.
  • Page 44 If blank results are unacceptable for certain parameters, the ana- lyzer will rerun the blank. If the results are still unacceptable, the message shown at right appears. If this occurs, press , find the warning flag displayed at the upper right on the screen, then go to the section of “Trouble- shooting”...

  • Page 45: Running A Sample

    4.5 Running a Sample Use this general procedure to analyze samples with the VetScan HM5. Prepare a well-mixed, potassium EDTA-preserved sample — see “Collecting and Handling Samples” on page 4-2. Select the appropriate sample tube adapter for the tube size being used: ...
  • Page 46 Adjust the sampling depth if needed. If the sample fill is adequate, use the 0 mm sampling depth. However, if the sample tube is less than half full and a new draw cannot be performed, or the values resemble a blank and an E Warning is present, lower the sampling depth to -2 mm.

  • Page 47: Adjusting The Lyse Volume

    The new Lyse volume will be used for the current run only, then will revert to the default setting. 4.7 Interpreting Results The VetScan HM5 produces a printed report containing the patient ID, measurement data, numeric results with flags (if any), and histograms showing the different cell populations. Note: Always check whether the results include warning flags, at the top- right corner of the HM5 screen or the bottom of the HM5 printouts.

  • Page 48: Histograms

    4.7.1 Histograms In five-part differential mode, histograms display population distributions of each cell type: leukocytes (white blood cells — WBC), eosinophils (EOS), erythrocytes (red blood cells — RBC), and thrombo- cytes (platelets — PLT). The histograms show the relative frequency of cells on the vertical (Y) axis, and cell volume in femtoliters (fl) on the horizontal (X) axis.
  • Page 49 4.7.1.4 Platelet Histogram (PLT) The PLT histogram is a magnified portion of the begin- ning of the RBC histogram. The example PLT histogram at right follows a log-normal distribution, with a good separation from RBCs. The most commonly identified anomaly in platelet histo- grams results from aggregated (clumped) platelets.

  • Page 50: Running A Sample

    4-12 Running a Sample...

  • Page 51: Section 5: Quality Control And Calibration

    Calibration This section describes the quality control and calibration proce- dures for the VetScan HM5. Section Contents 5.1 Quality Control ....... . 5-2 5.1.1 Required Quality Control Sample .

  • Page 52: Quality Control

    HM5. 5.1.2 Handling Quality Controls When opening new Abaxis HM5 controls, always write the open date onto the package insert and the control tube itself. Users can then monitor the open date of each tube and avoid using degraded control material.

  • Page 53: Entering Quality Control Values

    5.1.3 Entering Quality Control Values Each lot of quality control material has assigned target values that must be entered into the HM5. This can be done using any of three methods:  Enter values manually through the HM5’s touchscreen or a USB keyboard: see “Entering Values Manually”...
  • Page 54 Select Measure Select Run QC Compare the on-screen lot number, expiration date, and target values with those shown on the package insert.  If the lot number and expiration date of the current control tube in hand are the same as those displayed on-screen, verify that the on-screen target and range values match those on the control package insert, then select and proceed to...
  • Page 55 5.1.3.2 Loading Values from a USB Drive Download the most recent control lot values files from www.abaxis.com onto a computer. Unzip the files then open it. Copy the files in the unzipped folder onto a USB drive. See the Abaxis website for more detailed instructions on extracting the files.
  • Page 56 5.1.3.3 Loading Control Values with a 2D Barcode Reader A 2D barcode reader can be used to quickly and accurately enter control values from an HM5 control values sheet. Plug the 2D USB barcode reader into a USB port on the HM5. From the Home screen, select Maintenance >...
  • Page 57 Verify that the loaded values are correct, then select Accept Select to delete previous QC results and save the new reference ranges. If the 2D barcode reader will not scan the barcode, check the reader’s brand and model:  For a Motorola/Symbol reader: Scan “Return to Factory Defaults” below. Then scan the three barcodes below: 1,2 then 3.

  • Page 58: Running A Quality Control Sample

     For a Code reader: a. Unplug the reader and plug it in again. 1. Reset code b. If the reader still doesn't scan cor- rectly, scan the reset code at upper right, then scan the programming bar- code at lower right. Go to “Running a Quality Control Sample,”...

  • Page 59: What To Do If Qc Values Are Out Of Range

    Any values out of range are highlighted in red, along with a plus or minus sign. Abaxis recommends performing at least two control runs:  If the values reported are in range, the analyzer is functioning properly and calibration is not necessary.

  • Page 60: Calibration

    Soak Cleaning before running an additional QC run. 5.2 Calibration 5.2.1 When to Calibrate The VetScan HM5 is factory-calibrated for optimal performance. In certain situations, calibration is needed to fine-tune the analyzer:  When quality control measurements show that one or more parameters are consistently out of range, and the analyzer has been determined to be clean and the control has been stored and shipped properly.

  • Page 61: Calibration Procedure

    5.2.3 Calibration Procedure Note: Allow the normal control to reach room temperature before beginning. This takes about 15 minutes. Once opened, the control has a shelf life of 14 days. Do not calibrate with an expired control or a tube that has been opened more than 14 days.
  • Page 62 If QC ranges are for the same control tube, select Copy to pull over the values from the QC menu. If QC values do not match the lot on the control tube being used for calibration, enter the lot number, expiration date in MM/DD/YYYY format, and target values from the HM5 control package insert.

  • Page 63: View Calibration History

    Use the on-screen arrows to move through the history. 5.2.5 Resetting Calibration If calibration fails repeatedly, call Abaxis Technical Support. If directed, use the Reset Calibration function as follows. From the Home screen, select Maintenance > Calibration > Reset Calibration...
  • Page 64 5-14 Quality Control and Calibration...

  • Page 65: Section 6: Maintenance & Service

    Maintenance & Section 6 Service Section Contents 6.1 Preventive Maintenance ......6-2 6.1.1 Scheduling Maintenance....6-3 6.1.2 Cleaning the Wash Head .

  • Page 66: Preventive Maintenance

    6.1 Preventive Maintenance Always keep the analyzer and its immediate surroundings as clean as possible to help keep debris out of the system. Clean up any fluid spilled near the analyzer, and wipe up any spills on the sample rotor. In addition, periodically performing certain preventive maintenance procedures will help keep the HM5 in optimal operating condition to ensure peak performance and high-quality results.

  • Page 67: Scheduling Maintenance

    Schedule Settings As needed, select the appropriate fields to set the Interval for the Wash Head and Soak Cleanings. Cleaning Day and Time Abaxis recommends these intervals:  Cleaning the Wash Head: 7 days  Soak Cleaning: 14 days Note:...

  • Page 68: Cleaning The Wash Head

    6.1.2 Cleaning the Wash Head The Wash Head cleans the outer surface of the sample needle with a saline Diluent. If the Wash Head itself is not cleaned regularly, salt can accumulate on the bottom surface, leading to inaccurate test results, extra blanks being needed, and excess reagent use.
  • Page 69 Open the door on the right side of the analyzer. CAUTION: Do not touch components inside the instrument except as specifi- cally directed. The Wash Head is located at the base of the needle, as shown at right. Locate the Wash Head (Red Circle, see photo at right).

  • Page 70: Soak Cleaning

    Cleaning process will require a new, unused tube of VetScan HemaClean. Abaxis recommends a Soak Cleaning every 14 days (the default setting). Users who run fewer than 5 samples per day may set the Soak Cleaning Interval to 30 days. The user may schedule a preferred day and time to perform this cleaning (see “Admin Settings”...
  • Page 71 Remove the cap from a tube of HemaClean (Abaxis Part number: 790-1513) and place it on the HM5’s holder. Select . The cleaning cycle will last approximately 10 min- Next utes. Note: If Soak Cleaning is needed for troubleshooting outside of scheduled...

  • Page 72: Automatic Self-Cleaning

    For detailed instructions go to “Quality Control” on page 5-2. If any warning message pops up, contact Abaxis Tech- nical Support. If two out of three Quality Control runs are within target range, the analyzer is ready to run blood work.

  • Page 73: Changing The Reagent Pack

    (such as changing the reagent pack). In addition, users with sensitive skin should wear latex or nitrile gloves. The HM5 tracks the liquid levels in the reagent pack (Abaxis part no. 770-9000), and displays the mes- sage The reagent volumes are running low when one or more levels is low.

  • Page 74: For Qca Tubing Setup

    6.3.1 For QCA Tubing Setup Use these instructions if the HM5 is set up with a QCA. From the Home screen, select Maintenance > Change Reagent Pack. Follow the displayed instructions and prompts. Place the new reagent pack next to the current pack, then select Next Remove the new reagent pack from its shipping box, open the pack lid, then select...

  • Page 75: For Bottle Caps Tubing

    6.3.2 For Bottle Caps Tubing This procedure requires a new reagent pack and a control. From the Home screen, select Maintenance > Change Reagent Pack Follow the on-screen instructions. Note: In the following steps, do not touch the tubing with your bare hands, or you may contaminate the reagents.

  • Page 76: Software Upgrades

    MSDS are available at in the Resource Center at www.abaxis.com/reference-center. 6.4 Software Upgrades Abaxis will periodically provide a software upgrade for the HM5. Abaxis can send these upgrades pre- loaded on a USB drive, and they can be downloaded from www.abaxis.com...

  • Page 77: Auto Maintenance Flush

    “massaged” back into shape, or replaced. A spare tube is included in the accessories kit. Although replacement is a simple process, Abaxis strongly recommends contacting Abaxis Technical Support before beginning. They will verify the need for pump tube replacement, and provide guidance through the process if necessary.
  • Page 78 Use your thumb and forefinger to grasp the middle of the serrated band, then squeeze and lift the band straight up. Grasp the bottom left tube connector (green band) and push it to the left. The connector slides out, freeing the left end of the tube.
  • Page 79 Disconnect the tube from the clear tube connectors. Place the two gray attachments onto the new pump tube. Connect either end of the new yellow pump tube to the clear connectors. Slide the gray attachments down onto the clear con- nectors so that the connectors fit snugly into the gray pieces.
  • Page 80 6-16 Maintenance & Service...
  • Page 81 Section 7 This section describes how to provide three different levels of user access to the VetScan HM5. Section Contents 7.1 User Permission Levels......7-2 7.1.1 Basic Level .

  • Page 82: User Permission Levels

    7.1 User Permission Levels The HM5 software provides for three levels of users: Basic, Advanced, and Admin. 7.1.1 Basic Level Basic users can perform the following:  Measure blanks and run CBCs  Perform scheduled maintenance  Change reagent packs ...

  • Page 83: Section 7: User Permissions

    7.2 Adding Users and Passwords Each user may have a unique login and password or multiple users of a given level may also share a login and password. Add new users and their passwords as follows. From the Home screen, select Settings >...

  • Page 84: Logging In

    Exit Log Out again to return the analyzer to its basic mode. 7.4 Automatic Login Set Automatic login set allows the VetScan HM5 to revert to a specific user whenever rebooted. Select Settings > Admin Setting > User Management Select and select the default user.
  • Page 85 Shutdown Section 8 This section describes how to shut down the VetScan HM5 analyzer. Section Contents 8.1 Shutting Down the Analyzer..... . 8-2 8.1.1 Temporary Shutdown .

  • Page 86: Section 8: Shutdown

    8.1 Shutting Down the Analyzer The HM5 is designed to be left on at all times, except when it will not be used for long periods. During such periods, shutdown functions are used to properly maintain the analyzer  If the analyzer will be unused or powered off for more than a week, use the Temporary option: see below.

  • Page 87: Longer Term Shutdown Or Storage

    Required materials:  Distilled water, 200 ml  1-liter flask, polypropylene (from Abaxis) or an equivalent container From the Home screen, select Exit Select Prepare for Shipment Follow the instructions that appear on the display.
  • Page 88 Shutdown...

  • Page 89: Section 9: Troubleshooting

    Section 9 Use the information in this section to help diagnose and solve problems with the VetScan HM5. Section Contents 9.1 Warning Indicators ......9-2 9.1.1 Blank Flags .

  • Page 90: Warning Indicators

    9.1 Warning Indicators This section lists warning indicators (flags) that can appear in test results, along with possible solutions for each. Capital-letter warning flags (B, C, Z, etc.) indicate WBC-related parameters, while lower-case flags (b, c, p, etc.) indicate RBC- or PLT-related parameters.
  • Page 91 (see “Deep Cleaning” on page 9-18) then rerun a blank. If the p or b flags persist, perform a Soak Cleaning: see “Soak Cleaning” on page 6-6. Then repeat the blank. If the p or b flags remain, contact Abaxis Technical Support. Troubleshooting...
  • Page 92 If the EOS value is still high, open the analyzer’s back door, and examine the black syringe for any signs of salt residue on or near it. If salt or leaking fluid is present, contact Abaxis Technical Support. If the X flag persists, contact Abaxis Technical Support.

  • Page 93: Result Warning Flags

    • Run a self-test: from the Home screen, select Maintenance > Diagnostics > Self-Test > Start. If the self-test fails, call Abaxis Technical Support. 9.1.2 Result Warning Flags Warning flags can appear in sample results as well as blanks. See the following chart to troubleshoot these flags.
  • Page 94 • Perform Soak Cleaning. If the warning persists, repeat the dehydrated patient. Soak Cleaning. • If the patient is severely dehydrated and fluid administration is indicated, discard the run and redraw after fluids have been absorbed. • If the m flag persists, call Abaxis Technical Support. Troubleshooting...
  • Page 95 • If the L Flag still persists, draw a new sample, aiming for a clean needle puncture and fast transfer to the EDTA tube. • If the L flag still persists, call Abaxis Technical Support. Severe platelet clumping • If the cat platelet his- or very large WBCs.

  • Page 96: Error Messages

    Home screen, select Mainte- nance > Reagent Status , and turn the sensor back 10. Select Calibrate Sensors 11. If the issue persists, call Abaxis Technical Support. Troubleshooting...

  • Page 97: Fluid Sensor Error

    Select to recalibrate the failed sensor. Calibrate Sensors If the issue persists, call Abaxis Technical Support 9.2.3 Drain Pressure Error Pressure errors occur when the analyzer is unable to empty its waste. This error can result from a kink in the waste tube, a full waste bottle, a salt or blood clot, or disconnected tubing in the analyzer.
  • Page 98 AND the blockage was due to clots in the valves, perform Valve Cleaning (only in software v2.3 and higher). The Valve Cleaning cycle will take about 20 minutes. Otherwise, select Cancel If the pressure error still persists, contact Abaxis Technical Sup- port. 9-10 Troubleshooting...

  • Page 99: Vacuum Error

    Press each valve button several times to determine if any are stuck. Buttons should easily depress and pop back out. If a valve is stuck, contact Abaxis Technical Support. Open the analyzer’s side door to see if any liquid has spilled on the floor of the analyzer. Wipe up any liquid and power the analyzer off then on to re-home the needle.

  • Page 100: Needle Motor Errors

    Open the side door, and locate the sampling needle (the thin tube which passes through the Wash Head). a. If the needle is bent or damaged, call Abaxis Technical Support. b. Move the needle away from any part it may be touching. If you move the needle, reboot the analyzer using the switch on the back of the analyzer.

  • Page 101: Sample Rotor Errors

    If the issue repeats, call Abaxis Technical Support. 9.2.7 MValve Errors The MValve error occurs when the controlling computer board fails or if a valve is stuck.

  • Page 102: Microdilutor Motor Error

     If they move, turn the analyzer back on and attempt to run a blank.  If they do not move or appear to be damaged, call Abaxis Technical Support. 9-14 Troubleshooting...

  • Page 103: Evaluating Unexpected Results

    Run a new blank then rerun the sample to see if results now clinically fit. If results are still not supporting the clinical symptoms, call Abaxis Technical Support 9.4 Additional Cleanings and Processes 9.4.1 Removing and Cleaning the Wash Head If salt or blood build-up on the Wash Head cannot be removed by merely wiping the surface or if salt debris is seen above the Wash Head, remove the Wash Head for more thorough cleaning.
  • Page 104 If the needle is not in the highest position, place a finger under the bend in the needle and push up until the needle will no longer rise. CAUTION: Take care not to bend the needle in the dilution chamber below. Move the Wash Head assembly to the right (arrow) until it stops.
  • Page 105 Remove the Wash Head from the tubing, and submerge it in a container of warm distilled water. If the two tubes from the Wash Head bracket are dirty or clogged, remove them from the bracket and submerge them as well. Holding the metal tube connectors on the Wash Head, swing the Wash Head back and forth while submerged in the warm distilled water to increase flow through the central hole.

  • Page 106: Deep Cleaning

    (particularly due to increasing MCV), even when routine Soak Cleaning has been regularly performed. This procedure will per- form a more thorough cleaning of the HM5. Call Abaxis Techni- cal Support before performing this procedure. This procedure requires a lint-free cloth moisturized with dis- tilled water, a new tube of HemaClean and an in-date (not expired) unopened HM5 normal control.

  • Page 107: Removing And Cleaning The Aperture

    If two out of three Quality Control runs are within target range, the analyzer is ready to run blood work. If two out of three runs fall out of target range or have any error warnings, call Abaxis Technical Support at (844) 247-5271 for help in calibrating the instrument. 9.4.3 Removing and Cleaning the Aperture The analyzer’s aperture may get clogged or collect debris over time.
  • Page 108 Open the door on analyzer’s right side, and locate the measuring tube which contains the aperture (circled at right). Disconnect the black wire from the left side of the mea- suring tube assembly by sliding it down and to the left. Grasp the measuring tube and pull while slightly twisting left and right, until it comes off.
  • Page 109 Push the probe back into the body of the dilu- tion chamber and reattach tubing. 10. Reattach the black wire. 11. Run a blank. 12. If the blank displays flags and results in red, contact Abaxis Technical Support. Troubleshooting 9-21...

  • Page 110: Printer Troubleshooting

    Soak Cleaning should be performed first to resolve any high values or blanks. CAUTION: Call Abaxis Technical Support before performing a Bleach Cleaning. This process requires distilled water (380 ml) and bleach (20 ml regular strength or 12 ml concen- trated).

  • Page 111: External Printer

    9.5.2 External Printer The analyzer can print to selected external USB printers. For a list of current compatible printers, call Abaxis Technical Support. If an external printer encounters a problem, it attempts to transmit an error message to the analyzer. If the HM5 is unable to interpret that information it may freeze.
  • Page 112 9-24 Troubleshooting...

  • Page 113: Section 10: Specifications

    Section Contents 10.1 VetScan HM5 Specifications ....10-2 10.2 Linearity Ranges ......10-3 10.3 Precision .

  • Page 114: Vetscan Hm5 Specifications

    Easy-to-use, menu-driven touchscreen user interface with on-screen help. User interface English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Czech, Polish, Portuguese, and Russian. Languages available For other languages, contact Abaxis Technical Support — see page 1-3. 5000 results, including RBC, PLT, WBC three-part and five-part histograms on-board.

  • Page 115: Linearity Ranges

    10.2 Linearity Ranges The VetScan HM5 is guaranteed to provide specified accuracies within its linearity range when prop- erly calibrated and maintained. Beyond this range, results may still be displayed, but accuracy is no longer guaranteed. If the value is over the maximum range of guaranteed linearity, the instrument cannot measure it, and the result will be marked with an E, m, M, or N flag.

  • Page 116: Precision

    10.3 Precision The following precision parameters were established using normal level control on one instrument, with ten replicate measurements performed in one day. Table 10-3: Control Parameter Precision Parameter Mean WBC (10 cell/μl) 8.05 0.15 1.89% RBC (10 cells/μl) 4.49 0.111 2.44% EOS (10...
  • Page 117 Introduction to Appendix A Veterinary Hematology This appendix introduces several fundamental concepts of veter- inary hematology. Having a basic knowledge of these concepts will help you better understand the results from the analyzer. Appendix Contents A.1 Function of Blood ......A-2 A.2 Composition of Blood.

  • Page 118: Section A: Introduction To Veterinary Hematology

    A.1 Function of Blood Blood circulates in the body and acts as a transport medium that carries oxygen, essential nutrients, and other materials to the cells of the body. It also serves to transport waste products for disposal. Neurons, muscle cells, connective tissue cells, and epithelial cells draw their nourishment from interstitial spaces, and respond to the glucose and oxygen content of that environment.

  • Page 119: Composition Of Blood

    A.2 Composition of Blood Whole blood contains three cellular components:  Red blood cells (erythrocytes, RBC)  White blood cells (leukocytes, WBC)  Platelets (thrombocytes, PLT) Table A-1: Cell Composition of Whole Blood* Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets 5–12 x 10 cells/l 6–15 x 10...

  • Page 120: Blood Cell Parameters

    A.3 Blood Cell Parameters A.3.1 Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin Red blood cells — RBC — are formed in the bone marrow. A mature dog red blood cell is non-nucle- ated, and has a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of approximately 70 fl. RBCs are the most numerous cell type in blood.

  • Page 121: White Blood Cells

    A.3.2 White Blood Cells White Blood Cells — WBC — are formed in the bone marrow. During their maturation sequence they differentiate from the stem cells into mature sub-populations. WBCs are nucleated and classified as granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), lymphocytes, and monocytes. WBCs are equipped with all cell organelles necessary to perform vital protective functions in the body.

  • Page 122: Eosinophils

    Eosinophilia is occasionally depicted as a peak between the MON and GRA classifications. As with any automated system, good laboratory practice requires that all abnormal results be verified by slide (blood smear) review. A.3.4 Eosinophils Eosinophils — EOS — are granulocytes that are spe- cialized to attack parasites, such as worms and protozoa.
  • Page 123 Platelet aggregation is common, particularly in feline spe- cies, and is often depicted by a flattened, lumpy histogram, as shown at right. This effect can be minimized with proper sample collection and vortex mixing of the sample (up to 30 seconds) before analysis.

  • Page 124: Normal Hematology Ranges

    A.4 Normal Hematology Ranges The following table summarizes normal ranges of blood cell parameters. Keep in mind that normal val- ues vary from population to population, even geographically. Rhesus– Cyno– Parameter Unit Horse Mouse RUO* RUO* cells/l 6–17 5.5–19.5 5.4–14.3 4–12 11–22 6–15...

  • Page 125: Veterinary Hematology References

    A.5 Veterinary Hematology References  “Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology,” 5th ed., Feldman, Bernard, et al, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.  “Veterinary Hematology, Atlas of Common Domestic Species,” Reagan, William, et al, Iowa State Press, 1998.  “Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, Interpretation & Diagnosis,” 3rd ed., Meyer, Denny &...
  • Page 126 A-10 Introduction to Veterinary Hematology...
  • Page 127 Operating Principles Appendix B This appendix explains the basic operating principles of the ana- lyzer. Appendix Contents B.1 Complete Blood Count (CBC) ....B-2 B.2 Measurement Methods.

  • Page 128: Section B: Operating Principles

    B.1 Complete Blood Count (CBC) The analyzer utilizes impedance technology whereby electrically neutral blood cells pass through an electrically charged aperture thereby generating a “pulse.” Cell counts are determined by the number of pulses measured in a given volume of blood over a set period of time. The decrease in electrical con- ductance (degree of intensity) as measured is directly proportional to the cell volume.

  • Page 129: Three-Part Differential Method

    Proper counting (or differentiation) of cells requires passing of only one cell through the aperture at a time. To help ensure this, the blood samples must be diluted, since cell concentrations are otherwise too high. Although diluted blood is used, in cases of extremely high concentrations (such as leukemia) WBC density can be 100x higher than normal, causing two or more cells to...
  • Page 130 The membranes of the WBCs become selectively permeable, so that they begin to shrink down to their nuclei in the slightly hypertonic Lyse solution. Effectively hemolysed samples contain WBC particles in the 30–300 fl region (for veterinary species). Three-Part Differential For the three-part counting, a primary dilution of 1:160 is created by diluting 25 µl of whole blood with 4 ml of Diluent into the chamber.

  • Page 131: Five-Part Wbc Differential Method

    B.2.3 Five-Part WBC Differential Method Five-part WBC differential results are determined using two separate dilutions, and two counting ses- sions. The first session is used to count EOS, while the second is the three-part differential and RBC counting described above. In three-part only measurements, the EOS counting is omitted. EOS Counting To determine EOS, EOS% and BAS, BAS%, a second sample preparation and counting is required.

  • Page 132: Hemoglobin Determination

    B.3 Hemoglobin Determination Hemoglobin is measured directly by means of the traditionally used cyanomethoglobin reaction, but the HM5 uses cyanide-free substances to reach the same endpoint. Hemoglobin concentration is measured photometrically. B.3.1 Hemoglobin Determination by Photometry HGB determination is one of the most important hematology parameters, as it relates to the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

  • Page 133: Measured And Calculated Parameters

    B.4 Measured and Calculated Parameters Each sample is analyzed to produce a complete, 24-parameter, five-part differential blood count (CBC), including the following measured or calculated parameters:  — total white blood cell count  — lymphocyte count  — monocyte count* ...

  • Page 134: Measured And Calculated Values

    B.5 Measured and Calculated Values The VetScan HM5 measures and calculates the following values from tested blood samples. Table B-1: Measured and Calculated Values Values Definitions White Blood Cells — WBC Total number of leukocytes (white blood cells). (reportable as: cells/l, cells/µl) Red Blood Cells —...
  • Page 135 Values Definitions White Blood Cell Differential: Absolute values counted in the channels determined by LYM, LYM%: lymphocytes the three WBC discriminators: MON, MON%: monocytes GRA, GRA%: neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil granulocytes Percentages calculated from the absolute WBC value. Eosinophils — EOS, EOS% Absolute values counted in channels as determined by the (reportable as: cells/l, cell/µl, %) EOS discriminator.
  • Page 136 B-10 Operating Principles...

  • Page 137: Section C: Potential Sample Interferences

    Potential Sample Appendix C Interferences Appendix Contents Table C-1 lists situations in which substances in the samples themselves can interfere with accurate analysis, and provides possible solutions. Potential Sample Interferences...
  • Page 138 Potential Sample Interferences...
  • Page 139 Veterinary Case Appendix D Studies The following pages present a variety of veterinary case studies. Appendix Contents D.1 Normal Level Control ......D-2 D.2 Dogs .

  • Page 140: Section D: Veterinary Case Studies

    D.1 Normal Level Control The following report shows typical histograms of normal level control blood run in test mode (the con- trol results are the same in test mode as in QC mode). Note the differences in cell populations: human samples and control blood contain larger cells than ani- mal blood.

  • Page 141: Dogs

    D.2 Dogs Dog samples show RBC peaks around 60 – 70 fl with a good separation of the PLTs from the RBCs. Canine lymphocyte populations (lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) can overlap as a result of similar cell sizes. D.2.1 Dog: Normal Sample The following shows a normal dog histogram.

  • Page 142: Dog: High Lym%, Low Gra

    D.2.2 Dog: High LYM%, Low GRA% The following shows a sample that has high LYM%. (LYM% is normally near 12–30% for dogs.) This case shows a lymphocytosis. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — High LYM%, low NEU%.  RBC —...

  • Page 143: Dog: High Plt

    D.2.3 Dog: High PLT In this sample, the absolute value of PLT is high, and the LYM population is much smaller than the GRA population. This case demonstrates a thrombocytosis. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — Three-part differential curve with good separation between populations. ...

  • Page 144: Dog: Low Plt, Low Mpv

    D.2.4 Dog: Low PLT, Low MPV This sample shows a very low PLT, while the WBC and the differential are normal. This case demon- strates a thrombocytopenia. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — Discriminator 1 is at 36 fl, which is slightly lower than normal. Otherwise, the histogram appears to be normal.

  • Page 145: Dog: Stress Leukogram

    D.2.5 Dog: Stress Leukogram When dogs are stressed before the sample draw, they often show an increase in total WBC count, with an elevated NEU count and a decreased LYM count. Dogs that are stressed but otherwise healthy dis- play results similar to those shown below. These histograms indicate the following: ...

  • Page 146: Dog: Eosinophilia

    D.2.6 Dog: Eosinophilia This sample demonstrates an eosinophilic canine patient. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — The histogram shows a fairly normal WBC profile.  EOS — The absolute count of eosinophils and EOS% are above normal. The high EOS value indicates a need for a manual blood smear.

  • Page 147: Cats

    D.3 Cats An important characteristic of cat blood is that the RBCs are much smaller than those of dogs, poten- tially causing the RBC and PLT histograms to overlap slightly. Cats also commonly demonstrate both platelet aggregation and giant platelets. The analyzer minimizes these effects with a proprietary technology and dynamic discriminator approach to maximize accuracy.

  • Page 148: Cat: Clumped Plt, Increased Lym

    D.3.2 Cat: Clumped PLT, Increased LYM The histograms for this cat indicate that clumped PLTs are affecting the WBC count: These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — The increased size of the LYM peak relative to the GRA peak and the high LYM result on a cat sample suggest that the user should examine the PLT histogram.

  • Page 149: Cat: Eosinophilia And Lymphocytosis

    D.3.3 Cat: Eosinophilia and Lymphocytosis This sample demonstrates a lymphocytosis and eosinophilia in a feline patient. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — Large increase in LYM with a relative decrease in GRA. The large LYM count and uniform shape of the histograms indicate that this is likely a genuine lymphocytosis. ...

  • Page 150: Horses

    D.4 Horses Horse samples typically show a good separation of PLT/RBC, and well-separated WBC populations. The MCV is relatively low, while the RBC is high — around 10x10 cells/l — giving an HCT near 40%. D.4.1 Horse: Normal Sample The following shows a typical normal sample for a horse: These histograms indicate the following: ...

  • Page 151: Horse: Low Lym%, High Gra

    D.4.2 Horse: Low LYM%, High GRA% The following is a typical horse sample with a lymphopenia. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — Low LYM% and a high GRA%. Discriminators are set accurately.  RBC — Normal.  PLT — Normal. (Note the good separation from RBCs.) Veterinary Case Studies D-13...

  • Page 152: Horse: Low Plt And Wbc (Leukopenia/Lymphopenia

    D.4.3 Horse: Low PLT and WBC (Leukopenia/Lymphopenia) In some cases, the PLT will be low. You can compare the height of the PLT peak to the RBC peak on the RBC histogram. These histograms indicate the following:  WBC — Low WBC and LYM, with accurately placed discriminators. ...

  • Page 153: Horse: Low Rbc And Hgb

    D.4.4 Horse: Low RBC and HGB This case shows a normal sample, with a slightly low RBC and HGB. It also shows good separation of the WBC populations from the RBC and from each other. These histograms indicate the following: ...
  • Page 154 D-16 Veterinary Case Studies...

  • Page 155: Section E: Cbc Parameters And Associated Indications

    CBC Parameters and Appendix E Associated Indications Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters are useful in assessing overall wellness of a patient, as well as identifying and monitor- ing certain disease states. This appendix outlines the various CBC parameters and associated clinical indications. Appendix Contents E.1 White Blood Cell Parameters and Associated Indications .

  • Page 156: White Blood Cell Parameters And Associated Indications

    E.1 White Blood Cell Parameters and Associated Indications Table E-1: White Blood Cell Parameters and Associated Indications Increase in Disease Decrease in Disease White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) Role State State Non-Granulocytic Lymphocytes B-cells: humoral immu- • Chronic inflammation • Acute/severe disease nity (antibody synthesis) •...

  • Page 157: Red Blood Cell Parameters And Associated Indications

    E.2 Red Blood Cell Parameters and Associated Indications Table E-2: Red Blood Cell Parameters and Associated Indications Parameter Definition Diagnostic Consideration Hematocrit (HCT) Percentage of total cellular constituents Anemia exists when the HCT falls below the (primarily red blood cells) in a unit of reference range for the species.

  • Page 158: Platelet Parameters And Associated Indications

    E.3 Platelet Parameters and Associated Indications Table E-3: Platelet Parameters and Associated Indications Parameter Increase in Disease State Decrease in Disease State Total Platelet Count Thrombocytosis is present with excess • Disseminated intravascular coagulation bleeding, iron deficiency anemia and • Bone marrow depression myeloproliferative syndromes.

  • Page 159: Section 1: Index

    Index Cleaning automatic Abaxis Customer and Technical Support daily Accessories Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analysis procedure measured or calculated values Anisocytosis platelet parameters Aperture red blood cell parameters removing, cleaning 9-19 white blood cell parameters Auto maintenance flush 6-13 Computer...
  • Page 160 B, H warning blank Keyboard p, b warning USB (accessory) result warning X warning L flags Flags. See Warning indicators (flags) Language settings Fluid Sensor error Leukocytes. See White blood cells Linearity ranges 10-3 Gloves used (latex or nitrile) Logging in Granulocytes Lymphocytes GRA/GRA%...
  • Page 161 Quality control sample Sampling depth settings Quick Change Apparatus (QCA) Sampling door and rotor Scheduling Maintenance Screen saver Reagent inlets settings Reagent pack standby time Abaxis only Service, preparing for changing Settings handling Admin 3-11 Reagent ports communications color-coded inlets...
  • Page 162 Soak cleaning measured and calculated values Software upgrades MON/MON% differentials 6-12 4-10 Sound settings three-part differential method Specifications WBC histograms 10-2 4-10 Standby time settings white blood cell count (WBC) 4-10 Surge protector Y flags Technical Support Thermal paper roll Z flags Thrombocytes.
  • Page 164 Union City, CA 94587 USA 64347 Griesheim, GERMANY Common Road Tel: 1.510.675.6500 Tel: +49 6155 780 210 Dunnington YO19 5SE York UK Tel: 1.800.822.2947 Tel: +44 1904 909 500 www.abaxis.com Abaxis and VetScan are registered trademarks of Abaxis, Inc. ©2018 790-7013 Rev. F...

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