Chapter 4.3 Uhf2 Detailed Theories Of Operation; Introduction; Frequency Synthesis - Motorola XTS 2500 Service Manual

Chapter 4.3 UHF2 Detailed Theories of Operation

4.3.1 Introduction

This chapter provides a detailed circuit description of the ASTRO XTS 2500/XTS 2500
XTS 1500/XTS 2000/ATS 3000 radio board. When reading the theory of operation, refer to the
appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in the back of this manual. This
detailed theory of operation can help isolate the problem to a particular component.
This manual is to be used in conjunction with the ASTRO XTS 2500, XTS 2500
XTS 1500, XTS 2000, ATS 3000, MT 1500 Digital Portable Radios Basic Service Manual (Motorola
part number 6816984H01), which uses the pass/fail service approach to radio problems.

4.3.2 Frequency Synthesis

For UHF Range 2 (450 MHz – 520 MHz), the complete synthesizer subsystem consists of the
following:
• The reference oscillator (Y200)
• Two voltage-controlled oscillators (TX and RX)
• One voltage-controlled oscillator buffer IC (U250)
• The synthesizer (U202)
The reference oscillator contains a temperature-compensated 16.8 MHz crystal. This oscillator is
digitally tuned and contains a temperature-referenced, six-bit, analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The
output of the oscillator (pin 3 on Y200) is applied to pin 23 (XTAL1) of U202 through capacitor C214.
The voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are varactor-tuned. The voltage (2 V – 9.5V) varies as it is
being applied to varactors D251 to D254 and D270 to D273 of their respective VCO. The
capacitance of the varactors also varies, thereby changing the output frequency of the VCOs. Both
VCOs are used to cover the entire 70 MHz bandwidth of this UHF range (450 MHz – 520 MHz):
• TX VCO covers the transmit frequencies from 450 MHz – 520 MHz
• RX VCO covers the receive frequencies from 376.65 MHz – 446.65 MHz
The TX and RX VCOs are selected using AUX 3 from U202. Both VCOs are connected to the same
prescaler filter (C292, L266 and R266) feeding back to PREIN of the U202, through C293.
The synthesizer IC consists of the following:
• A prescaler
• A programmable loop divider
• A divider logic control
• A phase detector
• A charge pump
• An A/D converter for low-frequency digital modulation
• A balance attenuator to balance the high-frequency analog modulation to the low-frequency
digital modulation
• A 13V positive voltage multiplier
• A serial interface for control
• A filter for the regulated 5 and 3 volts
I
/XTS 2250/
I
, XTS 2250,