Audio Precision ATS-1 User Manual

Dual domain

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User manual (161 pages)

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Page 1 ® Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
Page 2 ATS-1 Dual Domain User’s Manual Firmware Version 3.10 October 1998 Audio Precision Part No. 8211.0042...
Page 3 Copyright © 1998 Audio Precision, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Page 4: Table Of Contents
Related documentation ......1-2 Introducing the ATS-1 Dual Domain ..... . . 1-2 Filter Shapes .
Page 5 GPIB Interface ....... . . 3-39 Power Cord Connector and Line Voltage Selector ... . 3-40 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 6 Bargraphs ........4-51 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 7 ........Index-1 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 8: Safety Information
INSTALLATION CATEGORY II, abbreviated “CAT II” on the instrument front panel. Do NOT substitute parts or make any modifications without the written approval of Audio Precision. Doing so may create safety hazards. This product contains lithium batteries. Dispose only in accordance with applicable regulations.
Page 9: Safety Symbols
Safety Symbols The following symbols may be marked on the panels or covers of equipment or modules, and are used in this manual: WARNING! - This symbol alerts you to a potentially hazardous condition, such as the presence of dangerous voltage that could pose a risk of electrical shock.
Page 10: Scope Of This Manual
Scope of this manual This is the primary operator’s manual for the ATS-1 Dual Domain. It describes all aspects of the instrument’s features and functionality. For fundamental audio test and measurement information, we refer you to Audio Precision’s Audio Measurement Handbook, listed on the following page.
Page 11: Related Documentation
Related documentation Description The ATS-1 Dual Domain can be operated via an IEEE-488 (GPIB) controller. Instructions are given in the ATS-1 GPIB Programmer’s Reference Guide, listed below. Related documentation ATS-1 GPIB Programmer’s Reference Guide AP Part No. 8211.0045 Audio Measurement Handbook AP Part No.
Page 12 Sample rate, amplitude, and delay of digital carrier signal Status Bits The ATS-1 Dual Domain can sweep most of these measurements across a user-specified frequency or amplitude range and display a graph of the results. The graph top and bottom values may be set by the user, even after a sweep, with the data dynamically re-scaling.
Page 13 Introducing the ATS-1 Dual Domain Description Measurements may be displayed in a wide variety of units, including the following: volts dBm (with a user-specified impedance reference) dBr (dB relative to a stored measured value) dBg (dB relative to the present generator output amplitude)
Page 14 All measurements, settings, and graphs are displayed on a sharp, clear, backlighted liquid crystal display. The ATS-1 may be operated manually from the front panel, or may be programmed via the IEEE-488 computer port. This User’s Manual describes manual operation. See the ATS-1 GPIB Programmer’s Reference Manual for complete documentation on controlling the ATS-1 via IEEE-488.
Page 15: Filter Shapes
Filter Shapes Description Filter Shapes This section shows the shapes of the filters built into the ATS-1 Access. A number of other filter shapes are available as option filters. 100k 200k Figure 1-2. Shapes of Bandwidth-limiting filters: 22 Hz Highpass,...
Page 16 CCIR-468-4 DOLBY Figure 1-3. Shape of CCIR filter. CCIR-468-4 has the 0 dB point at 1 kHz, while the Dolby curve has the 0 dB point at 2 kHz. Figure 1-4. Shape of A-weighting filter ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 17: Identification Of Features And Options
To install connector panel options or to swap the connector and speaker panels, refer to Appendix C. Optional Filters In addition to the built-in filters, the ATS-1 provides two positions for optional filters that can be installed in the field. Refer to Appendix C for cautions and installation procedure.
Page 18: Options Label
‘Special’ box. These may be special modifications or requirements from certain upgrade combinations. DUAL DOMAIN Audio Measurement System Installed Options: ATS-IMD Intermod. Distortion Special EGZ Euro. Impedances Aux 1: Optional Filters: Aux 2: Date of manufacture FW/DSP Version Figure 1-5. Options label ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 19: Block Diagrams
Block Diagrams This section contains several diagrams to assist your understanding of how the ATS-1 Dual Domain accomplishes its measurement tasks. While knowledge of the internal circuitry is not required for operation of the instrument, it may be more intelligently applied, and its limitations may be better understood, by referring to these diagrams.
Page 20 IMPEDANCE CHANNEL SIGNAL SUMMATION BACK OUTPUT TERMINATION ATTENUATOR ANALOG MAIN OUTPUTS OSCILLATOR BALANCING TRANSFORMER OUTPUT SQUARE AMPLIFIER SOURCE WAVE IMPEDANCE GENERATOR CHANNEL BACK TERMINATION Figure 1-6. Simplified block diagram of the ATS-1 Dual Domain ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 1-11...
Page 21: Digital Section
The transmitter drives the optical output directly, and the electrical outputs through a variable-voltage driver. The electrical output is transformer-coupled to the balanced (AES/EBU) and unbalanced (SPDIF) outputs. 1-12 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 22 ANALOG MONITOR READING MONITOR DIGITAL Generator Waveform Trigger TRIGGER OUTPUT Input Clocks Jitter Signal Output Clocks CLOCK GENERATOR SPDIF JITTER JITTER GENERATOR MODULATOR AES/EBU AES/EBU DRIVER TRANSMITTER Output OPTICAL Figure 1-7. Digital block diagram ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 1-13...
Page 23 These signals are converted to analog waveforms by a D/A converter, and then they are sent to the rear panel INPUT MONITOR and READING MONITOR connectors in digital analysis modes. 1-14 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 24: Analog Generator Output Circuit
When generator monitor inputs are used, the connection (labeled GEN MON in the diagram) is made directly across the output connector terminals. Note that the power amplifier, output transformer, and output attenuator are common to both channels. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 1-15...
Page 25 Impedance Output A 25 Ω 50 Ω Circuit comon 15 nF typical To Analyzer GEN A MON Chassis Output B 50 Ω To Analyzer GEN B MON Figure 1-8. Simplified analog generator output circuit 1-16 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 26: Analog Analyzer Input Circuit
30 V rms will cause the termination to disconnect to prevent damaging the termination. µ µ Input Attenuator 600 Ω 600 Ω To Analyzer µ µ Figure 1-9. Simplified analog analyzer input circuit ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 1-17...
Page 27 Analog Analyzer Input Circuit Description 1-18 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 28: Getting Started
Appendix A for changing the line voltage selection. After verifying or correcting the line voltage selection, connect the line cord from the power outlet to the power cord connector and move the front-panel Power switch to the ‘On’ position (marked ‘1’). ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 29: Rackmounting
(analog or digital) to the other, there is a penalty in sound quality. Therefore, it is most useful to test any device inputs or outputs directly in their own domain. This is why the ATS-1 Dual Domain has both digital and analog inputs and outputs.
Page 30: Balanced Vs. Unbalanced
The most common balanced connector is the XLR connector. XLR For input and output cable connections are almost always balanced, although sometimes the XLR considerations, see connector can be used in balanced or unbalanced configurations. page 3-30. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 31: Self Test
Self Test Getting Started Self Test The ATS-1 Dual Domain has the capability of performing a functional self test. This can be run periodically to make certain that your instrument is operating properly. Before running the self test, let the instrument warm up for at least an hour.
Page 32 ‘VERSION’ is the version number of the analog program. These version numbers apply to all features of the ATS-1 Dual Domain, not just the self test. ATTENTION! Always disconnect all cables from the generator outputs before running the self test.
Page 33 Following is a sample printer output from a self test. Audio Precision ATS-1 Dual Domain Self Test Version 3.10 Test Number and Description, Low Limit,Measured, High Limit, P/F TEST 0.01 997 Hz D:THD+N -140.0dB...
Page 34 -2.0 PASS TEST 8.1 1 kHz PHASE -2.0 PASS TEST 8.2 20 kHz PHASE -2.0 deg -0.2 PASS TEST 9.0 WOW AND FLUTTER 0.950 % 1.003 % 1.050 % PASS Passed Self Test 19980828 143342 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 35 Self Test Getting Started ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 36: Operational Overview
Operational Overview Front Panel Controls and Connectors The ATS-1 Dual Domain front panel controls are grouped as shown in Figure 3-1. Each group is summarized in the following subsections. GPIB STATUS dBr ZERO FUNCTION FREQUENCY POWER SOFT KEYS INDICATORS DISPLAY...
Page 37: Frequency Controls
For example, in the Main panel, the AMPLITUDE controls adjust the amplitude of the generator. In the Sweep panel, if an amplitude-based measurement function is selected, the AMPLITUDE controls adjust the top and bottom amplitude values of the sweep. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 38: Input Keys
Input keys, see page 3-24. path directly from the generator. OUTPUT Keys The OUTPUT keys select among the generator control modes and turn each generator channel on and off. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 39: Instrument Mode Keys
LCD Display This is where all readings, graphs, and operating parameters are displayed. The panel also shows the current functions of the lower soft keys. The display contrast is controlled by the CONTRAST ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 40: Dbr Zero Key
Setup Panel section, page 3-9. MONITOR Operation The ATS-1 Dual Domain has a built-in monitor for audible monitoring of signals, either with stereo headphones or through a built-in speaker that receives the combined A and B channels.
Page 41: Power Switch
To make this change, see Appendix C. POWER Switch This front-panel rocker switch controls the AC mains power. The ON position is marked “I;” the OFF position is marked “0.” ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 42 ANLR ONLY PANEL Shortcut: Pressing any FUNCTION button will take you to the Main SETUP PANEL Panel, even if the measurement function does not change. GPIB PANEL STATUS BITS PANEL Figure 3-3. Navigating the panels ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 43 The generator and soft key areas have been replaced with a horizontal bargraph. This bargraph shows a real-time analog-like display of a selected reading. See page 4-51 for more discussion of the Bargraph panel. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 44 The type of printout will depend on which panel is currently displayed. For more information on printing and the Print panel, see page 4-57. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 45: Setup Panel
The lower left of the display shows the source of output to the digital trigger output. The trigger output can come from a number of sources, controlled by the lower left soft key. 3-10 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 46: Screen Saver
For situations where the two hour time period is insufficient, the ATS-1 Dual Domain has an eight hour screen saver mode. This mode is entered by pressing the BARGRAPH key and RECALL/SAVE key simultaneously.
Page 47: Controlling The Generators
Operational Overview Controlling the Generators Generators Overview The ATS-1 Dual Domain contains both a digital generator and an analog generator. Both generators operate simultaneously, but they are controlled independently. The analog generator can generate sine waves from 10 Hz to 120 kHz, with amplitudes from zero up to around 26 Vrms Balanced or 13 Vrms Unbalanced.
Page 48: Generator Control Modes
Generator Controls Both the analog and digital generators operate simultaneously. The ATS-1 Dual Domain has four control modes, which allow control of different attributes of the digital and analog generators: Analog Audio Generator Mode (A:GEN) - allows control of the...
Page 49 To use these soft keys, you must use the Generator Only Panel. To get to the Generator Only Panel, press PANELS until you see one of the screens shown below. OUTPUT ANALOG DIGITAL Figure 3-10. Generator control modes (Generator Only panel) 3-14 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 50: Analog Generator Mode (A:gen)
40 Ω Unbalanced, 40 Ω Balanced, 150 Ω Balanced, 3-19. and 600 Ω Balanced configurations. The upper center soft key allows control of the units for analog generator amplitude. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-15...
Page 51: Digital Audio Generator Mode (D:gen)
The PASS selection takes the embedded audio data directly from the digital input and retransmits it without alteration. The status bits are not passed through - the outgoing status bits are set on the Status Bits 3-16 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 52: Digital Sample Rate Generator Mode (D:rate)
3-32 . lag in UI (Unit Intervals). Pressing the upper right soft key will change the amount of lead or lag. The available options are 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 50 UI. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-17...
Page 53: Digital Jitter Generator Mode (D:jit)
For a more IMPORTANT NOTE: All jitter amplitudes are calibrated in detailed discussion of peak values on the ATS-1 Dual Domain. This differs from units, see page 3-26. some other instruments which may generate and measure jitter calibrated in peak-to-peak values. The peak value is generally half of the peak-to-peak value.
Page 54: Analog Generator Loading
4-135. cause the specified power (in dBm) to be dissipated in a load of 600 Ω. If you are using a load with a different impedance, the power ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-19...
Page 55: Digital Status Bits
Control of these bits is provided by the Status Bits panel. To reach this panel, press the ATS-1 PANELS button until you see this display: For more information on status bits, see page 4-48.
Page 56 These bit can be set to indicate that there is pre-emphasis, or that there is none. Changing this setting does not change the pre-emphasis of the signal itself, only the state of the indicator bit. The ATS-1 Dual Domain does not provide pre-emphasis.
Page 57: Controlling The Analyzer
Operational Overview Controlling the Analyzer Analyzer Overview The ATS-1 Dual Domain analyzer can make a number of measurements in both the analog and digital domains. Most conventional measurements can be taken in either domain. The instrument is generally configured for only one type of measurement at a time.
Page 58: Analog And Digital Modes
If the analyzer is currently in analog mode, ‘A:’ will appear. If the analyzer is currently in digital mode, ‘D:’ will appear. Note that the analyzer’s analog/digital mode is separate from the generator’s analog/digital mode. They may both be in analog mode ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-23...
Page 59: Input Selection Keys
Since both channels of digital audio travel on the same path, the digital functions do not allow one input channel and one gen-mon channel in multiple-source functions. Both must come from either the input or the gen-mon path. Therefore, there are fewer channel options. 3-24 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 60: Function Keys
These are the analog input function, see page 4-42. impedance, which can only be controlled in the analog LEVEL function, and the digital interface parameters, which can only be controlled in the DIGITAL I/O function. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-25...
Page 61: Units
Units Operational Overview Units The ATS-1 Dual Domain supports a full set of industry-standard units. The following table provides a quick reference to units; the following text gives units details. Unit Type Analog Digital Description Amplitude/ Relative percentage of two...
Page 62: Analog Amplitude Units
The decibel reading is calculated from the measured amplitude using the following formula: dB = 20 log where V is the measured amplitude and Vr is the reference amplitude. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-27...
Page 63 The second way is to go to the Analyzer Only panel (by panels, see page 4-1. pressing ATS-1 PANELS several times) and then select the dBr unit for the main measurement. The current value of the 0 dBr (the reference value) will be shown across the center of the display, and it may be changed using the AMPLITUDE controls.
Page 64: Is It Dbm Or Dbu
In fact, it is defined as the voltage in decibels relative to 0.7764 volts, which is the voltage across a 600 Ω resistor dissipating one milliwatt. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-29...
Page 65: Analog Power Units
600 Ω equipment, you can use dBm units. You can easily the Gen Load function, see page measure the input impedance of a device using the ATS-1 Dual 4-33. Domain’s Gen Load function. If you are testing equipment terminated in high impedances, or if you...
Page 66: Time And Frequency Units
3 kHz or 3.15 kHz intended frequency using the following formula: % = abs where D is the frequency deviation and F is the intended frequency. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-31...
Page 67: Phase Units
PPM = 1,000,000 where F is the measured frequency and Fr is the reference frequency. Digital time may also be measured in samples. The time of each sample is the reciprocal of the sample rate. 3-32 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 68: Digital Amplitude Units
Only Panel and select a digital dBr-based unit for the main measurement, using the upper left soft key, the current dBr reference will be shown in the middle of the display and you may change it using the AMPLITUDE controls. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-33...
Page 69: Generator Output And Analyzer Input Connectors
The alternative styles include: BNC and banana jack connectors; WE-310 tip-ring-sleeve and banana jack connectors; 1/4-inch phone and banana jack connectors. 3-34 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 70: Digital Inputs And Outputs
The appropriate ATS-1 Dual Domain digital output should be connected to the digital input of the device under test. The appropriate ATS-1 Dual Domain digital input should be connected to the digital output of the device under test. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 71: Reference Input
The Digital Reference Input is a balanced XLR connection. It accepts a standard AES/EBU signal. The data on this connector is ignored - only the synchronization information is used by the ATS-1 Dual Domain. If you have an unbalanced signal source to be used as a reference, apply it to the Reference Input by connecting either pin 2 or pin 3 to the signal conductor and the other to ground.
Page 72 Generator Output and Analyzer Input connectors Trigger Outputs There are two trigger outputs provided on the rear panel of the ATS-1 Dual Domain. One is marked ANALOG, the other DIGITAL. The analog trigger output provides a constant amplitude 1.0 Volt RMS sinewave that is synchronized to the analog generator output signal.
Page 73: Monitor Outputs
Monitor Outputs There are two monitor outputs provided on the rear panel of the ATS-1 Dual Domain. These monitors function in both digital and analog analyzer modes. These connectors provide monitor outputs of the signal at the INPUT and after processing for the READING.
Page 74: Gpib Interface
Generator Output and Analyzer Input connectors Printer Port The ATS-1 Dual Domain is equipped with a parallel printer port for connection to a printer. The printer can then be used to print hi-resolution graphs or numerical data from a sweep, and any screen data may be captured and printed.
Page 75: Power Cord Connector And Line Voltage Selector
Power Cord Connector and Line Voltage Selector The power cord connection and line voltage verification is described on page 2-1. The fuse information and changing the line voltage selection is covered in Appendix A. 3-40 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 76: External Connections
How a device is set up for testing depends on the type and function of the device. Analog Inputs and Outputs Electrical connections between a device under test and the test instrument are typically made with test cables. Analog test cables for ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-41...
Page 77 External Connections Operational Overview the ATS-1 Dual Domain should have XLR connectors on one end for connection to the test instrument. The other end of the cables must have a connector appropriate for the device under test. Adapters may be used to adapt a standard cable to the device or test instrument.
Page 78 Follow these steps to get to the Main Panel in Digital I/O mode: The upper center area of the screen shows which of the digital inputs is currently selected for input, which is selected automatically. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-43...
Page 79 The most common case for using the HiZ option is when the ATS-1 Dual Domain digital input is connected in parallel with another device, and the other device provides proper termination.
Page 80: Xlr Connector Panel
Operational Overview External Connections Input and Output Cables Connecting the ATS-1 Plus Dual Domain to a device under test may require construction of special cables. This section describes proper wiring of cable connections and gives examples of cables for common connector applications.
Page 81: Unbalanced Connections With The Xlr Connector Panel
2 Conductor shielded cable 1/4" Phone Plug or Female Sleeve Shield not connected this end XLR Male 2 Conductor shielded cable BNC Connector or Female Shield not connected this end Figure 3-18. Preferred unbalanced cable connections 3-46 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 82 XLR Male RCA/Phono Plug or Female Single Conductor shielded cable XLR Male 1/4" Phone Plug or Female Sleeve Single Conductor shielded cable XLR Male BNC Connector or Female Figure 3-19. Unbalanced connections using single-conductor cable ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 3-47...
Page 83: Unbalanced Stereo Connections
2 Conductor shielded cable Stereo Left Plug Channel Sleeve Ring Right Channel XLR Male Single conductor shielded cable or Female Left Channel Stereo Plug Sleeve Ring Right Channel Figure 3-20. Stereo unbalanced cable connections 3-48 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 84: Bnc Connector Panel
The generator can be configured to deliver a balanced or unbalanced output to the connector panel. The BNC connector panel, the standard configuration on the ATS-1 Access and optional for the ATS-1 Dual Domain, has floating BNC connectors. The preferred configuration is a balanced output with a two-conductor shielded cable as shown in Figure 3-21.
Page 85 The same situation exists for the input to the analyzer: the input to each channel is balanced, and the BNC connector shell is floating. You can ground the shell in the manner described above if desired. 3-50 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 86 JUMPER HEADPHONE INPUT TERMINATION READING MONITOR BAND PASS FILTER PRIMARY READING DETECTOR INPUT BANDWIDTH RANGING WEIGHTING LIMITING FILTERS FILTERS CHANNEL B INPUT TERMINATION FREQUENCY COUNTER LCD DISPLAY Figure 4-2. Block Diagram of Analog AMPL Measurement ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 87: Function Descriptions
22 kHz-QPK selection is the same as in the analog domain. SELECTIVE – This selection provides a tunable bandpass filter. In analog mode, the filter has a bandwidth of 1/3 octave; in digital mode, the bandwidth is 5.3% of the tuned frequency. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 88 ‘NO AUX1’ and no filter is selected. AUX2 (analog only) – Weighted with optional weighting filter installed in slot 2. If there is no filter in slot 2, the display will read ‘NO AUX2’ and no filter is selected. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 89: Noise
This mode turns the generator on and off at regular intervals, making a level measurement in each state. The displayed result is the difference in dB between the two ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 90: Level
SPEAKER/ JUMPER HEADPHONE CHANNEL A READING MONITOR INPUT PRIMARY TERMINATION READING DETECTOR INPUT RANGING SECONDARY READING DETECTOR CHANNEL B INPUT RANGING LCD DISPLAY FREQUENCY COUNTER INPUT TERMINATION Figure 4-6. Block Diagram of Analog LEVEL Measurement ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 91 Similarly, the sweep panel will sweeps, see page measure both channels simultaneously, showing the selected channel 4-53. as a solid line and the alternate channel as a dotted line. Cursor measurements will display the results for both channels. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 92: Thd+N (Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise)
In addition to the usual relative and absolute amplitude units, % and dB are provided. These units measure the amplitude of the filtered signal relative to the amplitude of the unfiltered signal. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 93 10% THD+N. For the digital analyzer, the signal must be above about -80 dBFS. If the signal amplitude is too low, tuning operation will cease and the display will read ‘Low’. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 94 In digital mode, the lower right soft key selects the upper band limit (15 kHz, 20 kHz, Sample Rate/2, 22 kHz, 22 kHz-QPK). The Sample Rate/2 selection always selects an ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 95 The 80 kHz lowpass filter is the most commonly used, since it eliminates wideband noise while passing the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of frequencies within the audio band. 4-10 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 96: Understanding Thd+N
If the reading is unexpectedly high, you may need further testing to determine the source of the unwanted sound. More detail on determining which type of unwanted sound is causing the problem is given in the section ‘Isolating Sources of THD+N’ on page 4-20. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-11...
Page 97 While some devices may create more or less harmonic distortion for different fundamental frequencies, the other sources of unwanted sound will contribute to the reading no matter what fundamental frequency is used. 4-12 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 98: Surprises And Pitfalls In Thd+N Measurements
(harmonics) of the fundamental. Therefore, for most devices it is reasonable to limit the bandwidth to around four times the highest fundamental frequency of interest. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-13...
Page 99 Figure 4-11. Spectrum with no filter After the bandpass filter eliminates the 1 kHz fundamental tone, we are left with the following: -100 -120 -140 100k 200k 300k Figure 4-12. Spectrum with fundamental filtered 4-14 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 100 The THD+N still measures 0.185 %. From this, we can determine that (in this particular case) the high-frequency noise did not make a significant contribution to the measurement. It is dominated by the distortion and interference tones. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-15...
Page 101 The THD+N now measures 0.0390 %, which is precisely the theoretical THD for these distortion products. The contribution of the remaining noise (between 400 Hz and 22 kHz) is negligible. 4-16 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 102: Changes With Frequency
THD+N sweep, it is a good idea to run it several times. If it varies significantly (or disappears) with successive runs of the test, then it is probably a cancellation problem. In this case, the low THD+N reading is incorrect. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-17...
Page 103: Changes With Amplitude
100% (0 dB) THD+N (Log Scale) THD+N is dominated by noise Clipping threshold THD+N is dominated by distortion Amplitude lower higher (Log Scale) Figure 4-18. THD + N characteristics as a function of amplitude 4-18 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 104: Thd+N At 100% (Or 0 Db)
FIX-TUNE will give 100% readings unless the filter is tuned to the frequency of the incoming fundamental tone. GEN-TRACK will give 100% readings if the frequency of the incoming fundamental tone is different from the generator frequency. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-19...
Page 105: Isolating Sources Of Thd+N
(including hum), you will see a peak in the graph. If the signal is dominated by random noise, it will be essentially smooth. It may slope gently in one direction or the other, usually upward with increasing frequency. 4-20 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 106: Sinad
The amplitude units may be selected by pressing the top center soft key. The INPUT A and INPUT B keys select the channel to be measured, and select between the input connectors and the gen-mon path. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-21...
Page 107 RMS detector in accordance with CCIR-468. The 22 Hz lower limit is only available if the upper limit is 22 kHz; the <10 Hz lower limit is only available with other upper limits. 4-22 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 108: Phase
GEN-MON A GEN-MON A GEN-MON A GEN-MON B INPUT B INPUT A INPUT A INPUT B GEN-MON B GEN-MON B GEN-MON B GEN-MON A GEN-MON B Figure 4-22. Block diagram of Analog Phase measurement ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-23...
Page 109 0 or very close to 180 degrees. If the +180 to -180 degree range is used for these measurements, readings near zero could read on either end of the range. 4-24 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 110 HOLDRANGE function is used) the display will show the word ‘Low’, and there will be no phase reading. If the S/N ratio in either channel is less than 40 dB, the reading may be unstable, especially at low frequencies. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-25...
Page 111: Imd
FUNCTION IMD button. It is available in both digital and analog modes, but only if the Intermodulation Distortion Option is installed. The ATS-1 Dual Domain can be purchased with or without this option, or the option can be added at a later time.
Page 112 60 Hz. Under the DIN standard, a 250 Hz lower tone with an 8 kHz upper tone is a better choice. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-27...
Page 113: Ratio
The units available are dB and X/Y. The dB selection will compute the amplitude of the selected channel relative to the reference channel. The X/Y selection 4-28 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 114 8 mV, the display will read ‘Low’. A table summarizing this information is shown on the following page. Digital Ratio mode does not have this limitation or the Mode option. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-29...
Page 115: W+F (Wow And Flutter)
The reference tone is usually pre-recorded on a device with minimal wow and flutter. The recording is then played back, and the output is sent to the ATS-1 Dual Domain for analysis. The instrument determines the amount of speed fluctuation and the amount of speed error.
Page 116: W+F (Wow And Flutter)
3.15 kHz - measures the frequency in units of ∆%, as a percent deviation from the 3.15 kHz ideal frequency (for use with 3.15 kHz reference tones). OFF - frequency counter is disabled ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-31...
Page 117 B for measurement. Wow and flutter of 3-head tape machines should not be measured during simultaneous record-reproduce mode, since this will result in spectral nulls which can give erroneously low readings. 4-32 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 118: Xtalk (Crosstalk)
In Crosstalk measurement function, the selected channel is always the non-driven channel, and it is from this channel that the main measurement is taken. The alternate channel is the driven channel, and its amplitude is measured for comparison to the non-driven ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-33...
Page 119 The signal on the driven channel must be at least 8 mV for proper functioning of the frequency counter for bandpass tuning. If it is not, both the XTALK reading and the frequency reading will read ‘Low’. No fixed filters are available. 4-34 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 120: Ac Mains (Power Line Monitor)
The AC Mains measurement function is selected by pressing the FUNCTION AC MAINS key. It is only available in analog analyzer mode. The AC Mains mode monitors the power supply line to the ATS-1 Dual Domain. Figure 4-33. Main panel in AC MAINS function...
Page 121 AMPLITUDE controls. In AC Mains mode, the Main Panel also provides access to the Self Test. See Appendix F for more detail. 4-36 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 122: Gen Load
CHANNEL B READING MONITOR FREQUENCY COUNTER INPUT RANGING PRIMARY READING DETECTOR LCD DISPLAY Figure 4-35. Block diagram of genrator loading measurement soft key has no effect. The upper right section of the display shows the ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-37...
Page 123 If the impedance curve shows very sharp peaks or dips, one should suspect that the load is very reactive. A reactive load will have an impedance that varies with frequency. 4-38 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 124: Jitter
HiZ or LoZ. The HiZ option provides a termination ≥2.5 kΩ on the AES/EBU XLR input and >3 kΩ on the SPDIF/EIAJ BNC input. The LoZ option provides a ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-39...
Page 125 ‘peak-calibrated RMS value’ of the jitter). IMPORTANT NOTE: All jitter amplitudes are calibrated in peak values on the ATS-1 Dual Domain. This differs from some other instruments which may generate and measure jitter calibrated in peak-to-peak values. The peak value is generally half of the peak-to-peak value.
Page 126 The INPUT A and INPUT B buttons toggle between the rear panel inputs (an ‘I’ is shown in the reading displays) and the internal gen-mon path (a ‘G’ is shown in the reading displays). ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-41...
Page 127: Digital I/O
In absolute mode, the units are Hz, which is equivalent to samples per second. In relative mode, the units are ppm, or deviation from ideal in parts per million. 4-42 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 128 The upper right section of the display shows the delay of the signal, For more information on either from the ATS-1 Dual Domain output or the Reference Input on connecting to the the rear panel. The upper right soft key selects among the available Reference Input, units: UI (unit intervals), smp (samples), or s (seconds).
Page 129 It is not recommended that you use AUTO in Consumer mode. When AUTO mode is used, the word length will default to 24 bits if no signal is applied. The sweep mode is not available in Digital I/O measurement function. 4-44 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 130: Data Check
A . The upper left soft key selects between real-time and totalize displays. The real-time display will show the number of errors on that channel within a 6000-sample interval. The totalize display ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-45...
Page 131 The lower section of the display can show two different binary displays of the data, selectable by the lower right soft key. The following are available: ACTIVEBIT – Shows which bits are changing state ACTUALBIT – Shows the actual value of each bit 4-46 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 132 The pseudorandom sequence is the same as the one used in Audio Precision’s System One BITTEST program, so the two may used interchangeably as pseudorandom generator and analyzer.
Page 133: Status Bits
It has two states: copy permitted (OK) and copy prohibited (NO). In Professional mode, this area displays the signal’s origin, if the origin is encoded in the status bits. The origin is generally a text string. 4-48 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 134 ‘C’ is for the Confidence flag and the second ‘C’ is for the Coding flag. If any flag is set, its letter will be shown. If the flag is not set, there will be a blank space in its letter position. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-49...
Page 135 Validity flag, but the Validity flag takes priority. If the Validity flag information on generating jtiter, indicates invalid data and the jitter generator is on, only the V will be see page 3-18. shown. 4-50 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 136: Bargraphs
AMPLITUDE controls adjust the value. The step size of the INC/DEC and ±10dB buttons depends on the measurement function selected. The bargraph is always on a linear scale. There is a tick mark at each 10% of the scale. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-51...
Page 137 (using the same soft key). When you return to the Bargraph Panel, the bargraph units will be the same as they were before, but the numerical display will show the newly selected units. The ATS-1 Dual Domain remembers separate units for each numerical display and the bargraph for each measurement function.
Page 138: Sweeps
The value for the top of the graph is shown in the top left corner of the display. To change it, press the top left soft key to highlight it, then use the AMPLITUDE controls to adjust the value. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-53...
Page 139 ISO-standard values. Sweeps of LEVEL do not have the 150 step choice due to memory limitations. External sweeps are a special type of sweep in which the ATS-1 Dual Domain generator does not perform the stimulus changes – they come directly from the...
Page 140 MEDIUM sweep speed inserts a time delay of approximately 0.9 sec after changing the generator setting, before the analyzer begins taking data. Its principal intent is for use on a ATS-1 Dual Domain generator feeding an audio transmission link while the analyzer section of another Portable makes EXTERNAL sweep measurements at the receiving end.
Page 141: Starting The Sweep
Only one data set is kept in memory. Each point is replaced as a new point is taken, so the data set always includes the most recent data. Only this data will be saved and recalled. 4-56 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 142: External Sweeps
Function Descriptions Printing External Sweeps External sweeps are a special type of sweep in which the ATS-1 Dual Domain generator does not perform the stimulus changes – they come directly from the device-under-test, usually from a test tape, test CD, or remotely located sweep source.
Page 143 Bargraph Panel, or the Recall/Save Panel, the printout will be an exact graphical image (or ‘screen dump’) of the current display. For example, the following figure shows a printout from the Setup Panel: Figure 4-51. Screen dump of Setup panel 4-58 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 144 After pressing any of these buttons, you will be returned to the Sweep Panel with the normal menu items. Following are examples of the three types of printouts: Figure 4-53. High-Resolution graph printout ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-59...
Page 145 No matter what PRINT mode is chosen, the display colors will invert while the ATS-1 Dual Domain is sending the data to the printer. When the display returns to its normal color scheme, all the data has been sent to the printer, so you may proceed to the next test.
Page 146 The self test does not use the PRINT key for printing the test results. See Appendix F for more details on running and printing the self test. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-61...
Page 147: Saving And Recalling Setups
Saving and Recalling Setups Function Descriptions Saving and Recalling Setups The ATS-1 Dual Domain has the facility of storing thirty different test setups in memory. Each of these setups stores all the settings necessary to repeat a measurement exactly, so that a commonly-run test can be stored and recalled with only a few keypresses.
Page 148 AMPLITUDE or FREQUENCY knob. Using the +10 dB, -10 dB, x10, and ÷10 keys will change the character by steps of 16. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-63...
Page 149: Printing Saved Data
For information on setting the print mode and the different types of printer output, see the section on Printing, starting on page 4-82. 4-64 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 150 Function Descriptions Printing Saved Data ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual 4-65...
Page 151: Applications Notes
ATS-1 Dual Domain units at both ends of the link, or a compatible sweeping generator at the “send” end and a ATS-1 Dual Domain at the “receive” end. At the “send” end, set the generator to the desired amplitude and select SWEEP mode. Select the desired frequency resolution and SLOW speed for a dwell time of several seconds at each frequency step if THD+N is to be measured.
Page 152 EXTERNAL mode in SWEEP mode. EXTERNAL mode will follow an increasing-frequency or decreasing-frequency sequence of tones on the reference tape while ignoring any voice announcements between tones. If dBr units are used, the mid-frequency (usually 1 kHz) ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 153: Analog Tape Recorder Alignment And Performance Verification
Thus, a flat phase-vs-frequency graph from 1 kHz to high frequencies indicates proper alignment with no chance of accidentally aligning for a complete rotation at 15 kHz. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 154 The resulting graph may be printed for permanent documentation of recorder performance. For k3 (third harmonic) distortion measurements such as when measuring MOL (maximum output level), install an optional bandpass ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 155: Compact Disc Players
“dBr ZERO” button to set the reference. Then, press the SWEEP button to start measurements and start the CD player. ATS-1 Dual Domain will acquire and plot measurements across the audio band. If the following track has a mid-band signal such as 1 kHz, the reversal in direction of frequency change will automatically terminate the test.
Page 156 Compact Disc Players Applications Notes ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 157: Appendix A - Changing Mains Voltage Selection
Appendix A - Changing Mains Voltage Selection The ATS-1 Access is configured at the factory for the line voltage at its intended destination, so usually the voltage will be correct unless the unit has been transported into another area. This appendix describes the procedure for changing the voltage setting, which may be necessary under some circumstances.
Page 158: Changing The Line Voltage Selection
The voltage selector card and indicator pin should now be in one of the positions shown on the following figure. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 159: Checking The Fuse Block Orientation
If the fuse block is in the correct orientation for the selected voltage, skip forward to the section on Checking the Fuses (page A-5). If not, continue with the next section, ‘Changing the Fuse Block Orientation.’ ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 160: Changing The Fuse Block Orientation
Fuse Block fits around the top section of the Screw Pedestal. The Fuse Block should sit flat, parallel to the Cover. Tighten the screw. Figure A-5 shows the two fuse block orientations. 4. Check the fuses as instructed in the next section. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 161: Checking The Fuses
4. Replace fuses if necessary. Replace Cover, making sure that indicator tip is inserted in correct indicator hole for the selected line voltage (see Figure A-1 for location of indicator holes). ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 162 Checking the Fuses Appendix A - Changing Mains Voltage Selection ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 163: Appendix B - Rackmounting
Note that conversion from bench top to rack nount configuration does not require the removal of the covers. Also note that the top and bottom covers may be removed from a slide rack-mounted ATS-1 without removing the unit from the rack or from the slides.
Page 164: Fixed Rack Mount
Fasten the rack handle and spacer to the chassis with three 10-32 screws. c. Repeat Steps 4, a, and b on the left side of the instrument. d. Install the two handles on the brackets if desired, oriented toward the center of the instrument. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 165: Slide Rack Mount
(there are two screws on the right and left sides of each of the top and bottom covers, near the front four corners of the case). See Figure B-3. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 166 See Figure B-4. h. Repeat Steps 4, f, and g on the left side of the instrument. Install the two handles on the rack ear brackets, oriented toward the center of the instrument. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 167: Appendix C - Performing Internal Changes
(total of 14 screws for each cover). You may need to also loosen or remove the handle. ATTENTION: Do NOT touch the components on the circuit boards. They can be easily damaged by static electricity. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 168: Changing To Alternate Connector Panels
Changing to Alternate Connector Panels Changing to Alternate Connector Panels The ATS-1 may be factory -configured with any of four connector audio styles: XLR (Cannon), floating BNC, WE310 tip-ring-sleeve, and 1/4" stereo tip-ring-sleeve. Each panel also has banana jacks in parallel with its connectors.
Page 169: Swapping Speaker And Connector Panels
A-G, B-1, and B-G. Swapping Speaker and Connector Panels The ATS-1 is normally shipped with the Monitor loudspeaker installed on the rear panel and the input/output connector panel installed on the front. You may desire, especially in rackmounted production test systems, to have the input/output connectors at the rear.
Page 170 (Location B in Figure C-1). The connector polarity is unimportant. (Generator circuit board as viewed from bottom of instrument) Location B Alternate speaker connectors Location A Front of instrument Figure C-1. Alternate Monitor speaker connector locations ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 171 With both generator outputs on and a 1 kHz 1 volt signal, the measured voltages should agree within the instrument specification and the phase should read nearly zero degrees for all four possible input configuration selections; A-B, A-G, B-1, and B-G. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 172: Option Filter Installation
Option Filter Installation Option Filter Installation If your ATS-1 was ordered with optional filters, they will have been installed in the FILTER 1 or FILTER 2 sockets at the factory and documentation has been provided with the instrument to indicate what filter is in which socket.
Page 173: Monitor Source Selection
Appendix C - Performing Internal Changes Monitor Source Selection The ATS-1 Dual Domain has built-in monitor circuitry to allow you to audibly monitor the signal being analyzed. You can hear the sound either from the built-in speaker or through stereo headphones connected to the MONITOR jack on the front panel.
Page 174 With the cable in Position B, the monitor signal will come from the final processed reading. The polarity of the connection does not matter. Move the cable to the desired position. 4. Replace the top cover. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 175: Appendix D - Specifications
Note 1 Calibration with other amplitude units is based upon an equivalent sinewave having the same Vpp amplitude. Note 2 System specification including contributions from both generator and analyzer. Generator load must be ≥600 Ω. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 176 Calibration with other amplitude units is based upon an equivalent sinewave having the same Vpp amplitude. Note 2 System specification including contributions from both generator and analyzer. Generator load must be ≥600 Ω. 200 Ω with option “EURZ”. Note 3 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 177 ±0.01% [±100 PPM] Accuracy Resolution 5 digits Minimum Input 25 mV Note 4 For fully specified performance. Usable with inputs as low as 10 mV. Readings are disabled for in[uts below approximately 7 - 8 mV. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 178 Note 4 For fully specified performance. Usable with inputs as low as 10 mV. Readings are disabled for in[uts below approximately 7 - 8 mV. Note 5 Combined with 22 Hz highpass per CCIR Rec 468. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 179 “1/V” fashion for inputs below 25 mV [-30 dBu] Note 6 System specification including contribution from generator. Generator residual THD may limit system performance below 25 Hz if output is >20.0 Vrms balanced, or 10.0 Vrms unbalanced. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 180 Alternate (interfering) channel input must be ≥5 mV. Note 8 For fully specified performance. Usable with inputs as low as 10 mV. Readings are disabled for in[uts below approximately 7 - 8 mV. Note 9 System specification including contribution from generator. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 181 28.8 kHz-52.8 kHz AES/EBU 57.6 kHz-105.6 kHz with 96 kHz option Note 10 For fully specified performance. Usable with inputs as low as 10 mV. Readings are disabled for in[uts below approximately 7 - 8 mV. ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 182 Compatible with BITTEST.AZ1 used with System One Dither (Sine, IMD, and Square waveforms) Probability Distribution Triangular or rectangular; independent for each channel Spectral Distribution Flat (white) or Shaped (+6 dB/oct, triangular only) Amplitude Automatically tracks word width or off ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 183 REFERENCE INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Formats AES/EBU (per AES 3-1992) Input Sample Rates 28.8 kHz-52.8 kHz AES/EBU (must equal desired output rate) 400 mVpp Minimum Input Amplitude Nominally 110 Ω Input Impedance ±0.0025% [±25 PPM] Lock Range ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 184 CCIR QPk per CCIR Rec 468 CCIR RMS per AES 17 Residual Noise -140 dBFS unweighted -142 dBFS A-weighted -134 dBFS CCIR RMS -130 dBFS CCIR QPk -139 dBFS 20 kHz LP -140 dBFS 15 kHz LP D-10 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 185 (5 Hz-21.0 kHz at 44.1 ks/sec) (5 Hz-23.0 kHz at 48.0 ks/sec) ±0.01% of reading or 0.0001% of sample rate, Accuracy whichever is greater Resolution 0.003% of reading or 0.0001% of sample rate, whichever is greater ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual D-11...
Page 186 Not displayed Validity Flag Displayed for selected channel Parity Displayed for total signal (both channels combined) Signal Confidence Displayed for total signal (both channels combined) Receiver Lock Displayed for total signal (both channels combined) D-12 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 187 Amplitude is typically 0-2.83 Vpp. Reading Buffered version of the analog or digital analyzer output signal after all filtering and gain stages. Amplitude is typically 0-2.83 Vpp. AUDIO MONITOR Power Output Typically 1 Watt ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual D-13...
Page 188 Emission and Immunity levels are influenced by the shielding performance of the connecting cables. The shielding performance of the cable will depend on the internal design of the cable, connector quality, and the assembly methods used. EMC compliance was evaluated using Audio Precision XLR type cables, part number CAB-AES. D-14...
Page 189: Index
Capabilities 1-2 Analog generator loading 3-19 CCIR filter shape (graph) 1-7 Analog generator output circuit 1-15 - 1-16 CD player measurements 5-5 Analog inputs and outputs 3-41 Changing IMD tones 4-27 Analog trigger output 3-37 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual Index-1...
Page 190 3-26, 3-30 dBr key 4-62 FAST (sweep speed) 4-55 dBr unit 3-26 - 3-27, 3-33 Filter Installation C-6 dBu unit 3-26 - 3-27 Filter Shapes dBV unit 3-26 - 3-27 Shapes, Filter 1-6 - 1-7 Index-2 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 191 Input impedance measurement 4-37 - 4-38 GEN-TRACK 4-8, 4-22 INPUT Keys 3-3 Generator Input mode - analog or digital 3-23 Balanced/unbalanced configuration 3-43 Input Monitor output 3-38 Configuration 3-42 Input selection buttons 3-24 Control modes 3-13 Inputs 3-43 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual Index-3...
Page 192 Bargraph 3-8 MOL measurements 5-4 Generator Only 3-14 MONITOR jumper C-7 - C-8 Main 3-8 MONITOR Operation 3-5 Navigating 3-7 Holding range 4-52 Print 3-9, 4-59 Selecting signal source C-7 - C-8 Recall/Save 3-4, 4-62 Index-4 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 193 Setups, saving and recalling 4-62 - 4-63 RCV FRAME 3-37 SINAD function 4-21 - 4-22 Reading Monitor output 3-38 SLOW (sweep speed) 4-55 Real-time clock 3-10 smp unit 3-26, 3-32 Rear panel overview 3-35 SMPTE standard (IMD) 4-26 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual Index-5...
Page 194 Tape recorder EQ adjustments 5-2 Tape recorder inter-head delay 5-3 Tape recorder measurements 5-2 W (Watts) unit 3-26, 3-30 Terminations W+F Function 4-30 - 4-32 Analog 3-42 Waveform shape Digital 3-44, 4-39 Analog 3-15 Index-6 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 195 Word length 3-16, 4-44 Wow and Flutter Measurement 4-30 - 4-32 Write-protecting setups 4-62 WTD (weighted) 4-3, 4-10, 4-32 X/Y unit 3-26 - 3-27 XMT CLOCK 3-38 XMT FRAME 3-38 XTALK Function 4-33 - 4-34 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual Index-7...
Page 196 NOTES: Index-8 ATS-1 Dual Domain User's Manual...
Page 197 Audio Precision PO Box 2209 Beaverton, Oregon 97075-2209 Tel: (503) 627-0832 Fax: (503) 641-8906 US Toll Free: 1-800-231-7350 email: techsupport audioprecision.com Web: www.audioprecision.com...

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