ESAB Fabricator 181i ® 3-IN-1 Multi Process Welding Systems Service Manual A-12919 3163339 Révision : AA Issue Date: September 18, 2015 Manual No.: 0-5449 esab.com...
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WE APPRECIATE YOUR BUSINESS! Congratulations on your new ESAB product. We are proud to have you as our customer and will strive to provide you with the best service and reliability in the industry. This product is backed by our extensive warranty and world-wide service network.
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ESAB 2800 Airport Rd. Denton, TX 76208 www.esab.com Copyright 2015 by ESAB All rights reserved. Reproduction of this work, in whole or in part, without written permission of the publisher is prohibited. The publisher does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in this Manual, whether such error results from negligence, accident, or any other cause.
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Be sure this information reaches the operator. You can get extra copies through your supplier. CAUTION These INSTRUCTIONS are for experienced operators. If you are not fully familiar with the principles of operation and safe practices for arc welding and cutting equip- ment, we urge you to read our booklet, “Precautions and Safe Practices for Arc Welding, Cutting, and Gouging,”...
SECTION 1: SAFETY Safety Precautions Users of ESAB welding and plasma cutting equipment have the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that anyone who works on or near the equipment observes all the relevant safety precautions. Safety precautions must meet the requirements that apply to this type of welding or plasma cutting equipment.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i Arc welding and cutting can be injurious to yourself and others. WARNING Take precautions when welding and cutting. Ask for your employer's safety practices which should be based on manufacturers' hazard data. ELECTRIC SHOCK - Can kill.
Electronic copies of this manual can also be downloaded dures. The following instructions detail how to correctly at no charge in Acrobat PDF format by going to the ESAB and safely set up the machine and give guidelines on web site listed below gaining the best efficiency and quality from the Power http://www.esab.com...
This equipment or any of its parts should not be altered from standard specification without prior written approval of ESAB. The user of this equipment shall have the sole responsibility for any malfunction which results from improper use or unauthorized modification from standard specification, faulty maintenance, damage or improper repair by anyone other than appropriately qualified persons approved by ESAB.
(20% of 10 minutes is 2 minutes). During the other 8 minutes of the 10 minute period the Welding Power Source must idle and be allowed to cool. Safe TIG (GTAW) Operating MIG (GMAW/FCAW) Region STICK (SMAW) Welding Current (amps) A-10352 Figure 3-1: Fabricator 181i Duty Cycle Manual 0-5449 SAFETY AND INSTALLATION...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 3.02 Specifications DESCRIPTION FABRICATOR 181i MULTI PROCESS 3 IN 1 WELDER Power Source Part No. W1003180 Power Source Dimensions H16.14" x W8.27" x D17.72" (410mm x 210mm x 450mm) Power Source Mass 32.2lb(14.6kg) Cooling Fan Cooled Welder Type...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i NOTE! The recommended time delay fuse or circuit breaker size is 50 amp. An individual branch circuit capable of carrying 50 amperes and protected by fuses or circuit breaker is recommended for this application. Fuse size is based on not more than 200 percent of the rated input amperage of the welding Power Source...
Connected to the correct size power point and fuse as per the Specifications on page 3-2. WARNING The Fabricator 181i must be electrically connected by a qualified electrical trades-person. Damage to the PCA (Power Control Assembly) could occur if 265 VAC or higher is applied to the Primary Power Cable.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i NOTE! Arc outages may occur while welding on 208 VAC or using Extension cords in Stick mode. Input Power Each unit incorporates an INRUSH circuit. When the MAIN CIRCUIT SWITCH is turned on, the inrush circuit provides pre-charging for the input capacitors.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i The size of the surrounding area to be considered will depend on the structure of the building and other activities that are taking place. The surrounding area may extend beyond the boundaries of the premises. C. Methods of Reducing Electromagnetic Emissions 1.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 3.08 Volt-Ampere Curves Voltage-Amperage Curves shows maximum voltage and amperage output capabilities of welding power source. Curves of other set- tings fall between curves shown. Art # A-11296 Figure 3-2: Fabricator 181i Volt-Ampere Curves Manual 0-5449 SAFETY AND INSTALLATION...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i This Page Intentionally Blank SAFETY AND INSTALLATION Manual 0-5449...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SECTION 4: OPERATION 4.01 Power Source Controls, Indicators and Features A-13038 Figure 4-1: Front Panel Figure 4-2: Rear Panel Art # A-10355 Figure 4-3: Wire Feed Compartment Control Manual 0-5449 INTRODUCTION...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 1. Power Indicator The power indicator is illuminated when the Electricity Supply is applied to the Power Source and when the ON/OFF switch located on the rear panel is in the ON position. 2. Digital Wirespeed/Amperage Meter (Left Digital Display) This digital meter displays preview Wirespeed in MIG mode only then actual amperage (weld current) once an arc has been established.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6. MIG Gun Polarity Lead The polarity lead is used to connect the MIG Gun to the appropriate positive or negative output terminal (allowing polarity reversal for different welding applications). In general, the polarity lead should be connected in to the positive welding terminal (+) when using steel, stainless steel or aluminum electrode wire.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i Note that the Local/ Remote Switch (Control No. 18) located in the wirefeed compartment should be set to Remote for remote amperage/voltage controls to operate. 9. Multifunction Control - Voltage, Down Slope & Arc Force The multifunction control knob is used to adjust Voltage (MIG Mode), Down slope (LIFT TIG Mode) and Arc Force (STICK Mode) depending on the welding mode selected.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4T (Latch Mode) This mode of welding is mainly used for long welding runs to reduce operator fatigue. In this mode the operator can press and release the MIG or TIG Trigger Switch and the output will remain active. To deactivate the Power Source, the trigger switch must...
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17. Intelligent Fan Control The Fabricator 181i is designed with an intelligent fan control. It automatically switches the cooling fan off when it is not required. This has two main advantages; (1) to minimize power consumption, and (2) to minimize the amount of contaminants such as dust that are drawn into the Power Source.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.02 Attaching the Tweco Fusion 180A Gun Fit the Tweco Fusion MIG Gun to the Power Source by pushing the MIG Gun connector into the MIG Gun Adaptor and tightening the Locking Screw to secure the MIG Gun in the MIG Gun Adapter.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.03 Torch Adapter Thumb Screw Replacement 1. Place unit on its back. A-12958 2. Remove 2 screws in bottom of the front panel. A securing block will become detached and fall free from the front panel as you turn each screw out. Set these aside for reassembly. Leave screws sitting in the pockets of the panel.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 5. Remove damaged thumb screw and replace with new one. Art # A-11486 6. To reassemble, reverse steps 1 through 4. 4.04 Installing 4" (100mm) Diameter Spool As delivered from the factory, the Power Source is fitted with a Wire Spool Hub which accepts a 8" (200mm) diameter spools. In order to fit a 4"...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.05 Installing 8" (200mm) Diameter Spool As delivered from the factory, the Power Source is set for a 8" (200mm) diameter spool. In order to re-fit a 8" (200mm) spool assemble parts in the sequence shown below in Figure 4-7.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.06 Inserting Wire into the Wire Feed Mechanism Release the tension from the Pressure Roller Arm by turning the adjustable Wire Drive Tension Screw in an counterclockwise. Then to release the pressure roller arm push the tension screw toward the front of the machine which releases the pressure roller arm (Figure 4-8).
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.07 Feed Roller Pressure Adjustment The pressure (top) roller applies pressure to the grooved feed roller via an adjustable pressure screw. These devices should be adjusted to a minimum pressure that will provide satisfactory WIREFEED without slippage. If slipping occurs, and inspection of the wire contact tip reveals no wear, distortion or burn back jam, the conduit liner should be checked for kinks and clogging by metal flakes and swarf.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.09 Wire Reel Brake The wire reel hub incorporates a friction brake which is adjusted during manufacture for optimum breaking. If it is considered necessary, adjustment can be made by turning the large nut inside the open end of the hub clockwise to tighten the brake. Correct adjustment will result in the wire reel circumference continuing no further than 3/8"...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.11 Setup for MIG (GMAW) Welding with Gas Shielded MIG Wire A. Select MIG mode with the process selection control. (refer to Section 4.01 for further information) B. Connect the MIG Gun Polarity Lead to the positive welding terminal (+). If in doubt, consult the electrode wire manufac- turer.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.12 Setup for MIG (FCAW) Welding with Flux Core (Gasless) Wire A. Select MIG mode with the process selection control (refer to Section 4.01.12 for further information). B. Connect the MIG Gun Polarity Lead to the negative welding terminal (-). If in doubt, consult the electrode wire manufac- turer.
NOTE! A ESAB 17V TIG torch with an 8 pin plug must be used to turn the weld current on/off via the TIG torch trigger switch to TIG weld OR a ESAB Foot Control with an 8 pin plug must be used to turn the weld current on/off as well as providing remote control of the weld current.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i WARNING Before connecting the work clamp to the work and inserting the electrode in the TIG Torch make sure the Electricity Supply is switched off. Secure the welding grade shielding gas cylinder in an upright position by chaining it to a sta- tionary support to prevent falling or tipping.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.15 Setup for STICK (SMAW) Welding A. Connect the Electrode Holder lead to the positive welding terminal (+). If in doubt, consult the electrode manufacturer. Welding current flows from the Power Source via heavy duty bayonet type terminals. It is essential, however, that the male plug is inserted and turned securely to achieve a sound electrical connection.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 4.16 Leak Testing the System Leak test the system before putting into operation. 1. Be sure that there is a valve in the downstream equipment to turn off the gas flow. 2. With the cylinder valve open, adjust the regulator to deliver the maximum required delivery flow rate.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SECTION 5: THEORY OF OPERATION 5.01 Inverter Design What does the word inverter mean? The term inverter refers to the ability to change DC power into AC. Inverter power supplies immediately rectify the incoming AC to DC, and then the transistors create a higher frequency AC.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i This Page Intentionally Blank THEORY OF OPERATION Manual 0-5449...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SECTION 6: TROUBLESHOOTING 6.01 Basic Troubleshooting-Power Source Faults The following table is a guide for analysing problems and making repairs to the Power Source. FAULT CAUSE REMEDY Electricity Supply is A Power Source is not in the...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i Gas flow continues after Gas valve has jammed open Have an accredited ESAB service the torch trigger switch due to impurities in the gas or provider repair or replace gas has been released (MIG the gas line.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.04 Case Removal CAUTION Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding. 1. Cover Remove Screws Lossen Screws Front & Rear Art # A-10456 a) Remove the two top screws from the front & rear mouldings.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.05 Clear Cover Sheet Removal CAUTION Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding. 1. Clear protective sheet Take out clear protective sheet. Art # A-10458 6.06 Visually Inspect Visually inspect the inside of the Power Source. The levels of current present in these units can cause burning or arcing of PCB, trans- formers, switches, or rectifier when a failure occurs.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.08 Preliminary Check of the Main Inverter Board CAUTION Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding. A-09988 Output Diode Testing Multimeter Lead Placement Diode Voltage Positive meter lead to testpoint 5 Left Output Diodes 0.2 –...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i IGBT Testing Multimeter Lead Placement Impedance Positive meter lead to testpoint 17 IGBT 1 150 to 350 Ω Negative meter lead to testpoint 9 Positive meter lead to testpoint 18 IGBT 2 150 to 350 Ω Negative meter lead to testpoint 11...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.09 Check Main On / Off Switch Art # A-10459 Power Switch Testing Multimeter Lead Placement Impedance Positive meter lead to testpoint 23 Switch ON 0 to 1 Ω Negative meter lead to testpoint 24 Positive meter lead to testpoint 25 Switch ON 0 to 1 Ω...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.11 DC Bus Voltage Measurement Apply voltage to the Power Source. WARNING There are extremely dangerous voltage and power levels present inside these Power Sources. Do not attempt to diagnose or repair unless you have had training in power electronics measurement and troubleshooting techniques.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i NTCS Header Pin Pin function Signal +24V 24 VDC 0 VDC Table 6-13 NTCS Header pin function (connects to NTCS header on control PCB) DY2 Header Pin Pin function signal +24V 24 VDC 0 VDC -24V -24 VDC...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i GUN Header Pin Pin function Signal +24V trigger positive (0V when trigger closed) 24 VDC 0VDC 0 VDC Table 6-18 GUN Header pin function (connects to GUN header on display PCB) PWM Header Pin Pin function Signal...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SOURCE Header Pin Pin function Signal +24V 24 VDC 0 VDC -24V -24 VDC Table 6-25 SOURCE Header pin function (connects to DY2 header on control PCB) CR Header Pin Pin function Signal 5 VDC Wiper 10k Burnback potentiometer 0 –...
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Table 6-33 J1 Header pin function (connects to J11 header on display PCB) R-G Header Pin Pin function Signal No connection Fabricator 181i Spool gun motor negative for Fabricator 141i & 181i) +24V trigger positive (0V when trigger closed) 24 VDC...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i J1 Header Pin Pin function Signal Serial display data & eprom (D-IN) 5 VDC digital Serial display data (LOAD) 5 VDC digital Serial display data (CLK) 5 VDC digital 2T/4T pushbutton (0V when button pushed) 0VDC Serial display eprom (D-OUT)
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SW0 position Normal Calibration Set to ON for Fabricator 181i Set to ON for Fabricator 181i Set to ON for Fabricator 181i Table 6-36 SW0 Dip Switch functions 6.14 Calibration Calibration Imin Imax A-09994 Vmin Set SW0-1 to ON, SW0-1 to ON, SW0-3 to ON, SW0-4 to OFF to allow calibration of output volts & amps, and calibration of wire feed speed.
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i Wire Speed Calibration NOTE: these adjustments are on the wiring side of the main inverter module circuit board. W05 MAX SPEED W0 2 MIN SPEED U0 2 pin 6 E U0 1 pin 1 F U0 1 pin 2...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i TEST POINT “A” 5V/div TEST POINT “B” 5V/div TEST POINT “C” 5V/div TEST POINT “D” 5V/div TEST POINT “E” and “F” 5V/div TEST POINT “G” 5V/div Art # A-11231 Manual 0-5449 6-17 TROUBLESHOOTING...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 6.15 Main Circuit Description CAUTION Turn off power and disconnect mains supply plug from receptacle before working on the unit. Allow two minutes for capacitors to discharge after disconnection from mains supply voltage. TROUBLESHOOTING 6-18 Manual 0-5449...
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ESAB FABRICATOR 181i The mains supply voltage is connected via a double pole switch to the input rectifier Q1. Overvoltage protection is provided by varistor CY1. The rectifier output charges the main capacitor bank (C16, C17, C18, C19, C22 and C23) to high voltage. Inrush current limiting is provided by a PTC which is then bypassed by relay J1 after a few seconds.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SECTION 7: DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE 7.01 Safety Precautions for Disassembly WARNING Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding. Unplug unit before beginning Disassembly procedure. 7.02 Control Board Removal WARNING Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding with disassembly.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 7.04 Front Panel (Operator Interface) Circuit Board PCB3 Removal WARNING Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding with disassembly. 1. Remove Control Panel screws. 2 Front Panel PCB. 3. Remote control PCB. A-12940 Art # A-10463...
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 7.05 Back Panel Removal Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding with disassembly. 1. Remove the rear panel screws. 2. Disconnect the gas tube. 3. Disconnect Input Cord ground wire. 4. Disconnect the four wires from the switch.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 7.06 Power Switch S1 and Power Cord Removal WARNING Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding with disassembly. 1. Gas inlet. Remove gas inlet from rear panel. 2. SW1 locking tabs Squeeze the locking tabs and push SW1 out from the rear panel.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 7.07 Base Panel Removal and Main PCB Disassembly WARNING Read and follow safety information in Section 6.02 before proceeding with disassembly. 1. Remove Wire Feeder Screws. 2. Remove Main PCB assembly Screws. 3. Remove Central Panel Screws.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i SECTION 8: ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES 8.01 Installing Base Board 1. Main Power PCB assembly. 2. Heatsink on main PCB assembly. 3. Install the feet of main PCB assembly. 4. Install Rectifier. 5. Install Control PCB on main PCB assembly.
ESAB FABRICATOR 181i 8.03 Installing Front Panel 1. Reinstall output terminals on front panel with 27mm wrench. 2. Place front panel PCB assembly into front panel and install screws. 3. Reconnect torch polarity cable to the torch connector. 4. Reconnect positive output terminal bolts and tighten with 17mm wrench. ( Note: reconnect wires, pay attention to the wire color.) 5.
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